常见同义词汇总---PARAPHRASE

智 课 网 雅 思 备 考 资 料托福雅思写作技巧：Paraphrase无论在托福综合写作还是雅思写作中都会用到paraphrase的技巧，本文将从使用不同的词汇、使用不同的句型两个方面讲述一下改写的方法。

了解更多托福、雅思资讯、课程，可免费咨询400-077-0188.无论在托福综合写作还是雅思写作中都会用到paraphrase的技巧，本文将从两个方面讲述一下改写的方法：第一，使用不同的词汇a.使用同义词，比如以下的一些写作高频词汇的同义词应作为重点掌握的对象，出现的较为频繁。

important→essential, crucial, vital, significantthink→claim, believe, consider, deem, figure outnowadays→currently, at present, now, recently, in recent years,these daysb.改变词性，这种方法稍微难一些，要求学生的语法基础较好才能灵活自如的运用。

n. → v.Eg：When we look at a comparison between A and B…When we compare A and B…Adj. → n.There are a variety of solutions to the problem.There are various solutions to the problem.c.使用不同的承接词。

承接词在写作中发挥的作用非常大，不仅是段落和段落的连接，还包括句子和句子的连接。

背住一些常用的承接词对改写将会有很大的帮助。

如：because of → due to, owing to, for, on account ofbut → however, nevertheless, nonetheless, whereasso→ therefore, hence, thus, consequentlyd.形容词的逆向表达。

1.解决: Solve, deal with, cope with, handle, resolve, address,tackle ,clear,unriddle2.损害：Damage, hurt, injure, harm, impair, undermine, jeopardize, wound3.给与：Give, offer, render, impart, provide, supply, afford4.培养：Develop, cultivate, foster5.优势：Advantage, merit, virtue, benefit, upside, strength6.缺陷：Disadvantage, demerit, drawback, downside, weakness7.使迷惑：Puzzle, bewilder, perplex, baffle, stupefy8.重要的：Key, crucial, critical, important, significant, vital, substantial,indispensable, imperative9.认为：Think, believe, insist, maintain, assert, conclude, deem, hold, argue,10.保护：Protect, conserve, preserve11.确保：Assure, ensure, guarantee, pledge12.有害的：Bad, baneful evil, harmful, detrimental13.要求：Request, demand, needs, requisition14.消除：Eliminate, clear, remove, clear up, take away, smooth away15.导致： cause, procure, induce, generate16.因此：So, therefore, thus, hence, consequently, accordingly,17.急剧的：Dramatically，drastically，sharply，hugely，enormously，steeply，substantially，considerably，significantly，markedly，surprisingly，strikingly，radically，remarkably，vastly，noticeably18.平稳地：Steadily，smoothly，slightly，slowly，marginally，gradually，moderately，mildly19.宣称：Allege, assert, declare, claim20.发生：Happen, occur, take place21.原因：Reason, factor, cause22.发展：Development, advance, progress23.有益的：Useful, helpful, beneficial, profitable, rewarding，advantageous24.影响：Influence, impact, effect25.明显的：Clear, obvious, evident, self-evident, manifest, apparent,crystal-clear26.占：Comprise, take up, account for, constitute, consist of, make up, occupy,hold, compose27.与…相比：Compared with，compared to，in comparison with，in comparison to，by comparison with，by comparison to28.展示：Show, reveal, illustrate, demonstrate, depict, present, represent,describe29.大约：Approximately，almost，about，around，nearly，roughly30.事实上：Practically，essentially31.贫穷的：poor ，needy ， impoverished ， poverty-stricken32. 富裕的：rich = wealthy = affluent33. 优秀的：excellent = eminent = top = outstanding34. 积极的，好的：good = conducive = beneficial=advantageous35. 消极的，不良的：bad = detrimental= baneful =undesirable36. 明显的：obvious = apparent = evident =manifest37. 健康的: healthy = robust = sound = wholesome38. 惊人的：surprising = amazing = extraordinary = miraculous39. 美丽的：beautiful = attractive = gorgeous = eye-catching40. 有活力的：energetic = dynamic = vigorous =animated41. 流行的： popular = prevailing = prent= pervasive42. 提高，加强：improve = enhance= promote = strengthen = optimize43 引起：cause = trigger = endanger44 解决：solve =resolve =address = tackle45 拆除：destroy = eradicate46 培养: develop = cultivate = foster = nurture47 激发，鼓励：encourage = motivate = stimulate = spur48 认为： think = assert= hold = claim = argue49 完成：complete = fulfill = accomplish= achieve50 保留：keep = preserve = retain = hold51. 有害于：destroy = impair = undermine = jeopardize52. 减轻: ease = alleviate = relieve = lighten53. 影响：influence= impact54. 危险：danger = perils =hazards55. 污染：pollution = contamination56. 人类：human beings= mankind = humane race57. 害怕的、可怕的： afraid,=fearful= awful= dreadful= frightful= terrible= horrible= terrific= appalling58. 幸福：happiness = well-being59. 老师：teachers = instructors = educators = lecturers60. 教育 education = schooling = family parenting = upbringing61. 青少年：young people = youngsters = youths = adolescents62. 优点：advantage = merits = superiority = virtue63. 责任： responsibility = obligation = duty = liability64 能力： ability = capacity = power = skill65. 职业： job = career = employment = profession66. 娱乐： enjoyment = pastimes = recreation= entertainment67. 孩子： children = Offspring = descendant = kid68. 抛弃、放弃：abandon, desert, forsake, leave69能力，才能：ability, capacity, capability, genius, talent, competence, faculty, gift, aptitude70. 有能力的，能干的：able, capable, competent71. 取消、废除：abolish, cancel, repeal72. 在周围、在附近：about, around, round73. 在……上：above, on, over74. 吸收：absorb, suck, digest, incorporate75. 荒谬的：absurd, ridiculous76. 充分的、丰富的：abundant, plentiful, ample77. 接受、接纳：accept, receive, admit, take78. 事故、事件：accident, incident, event, occurrence, happening79. 陪同，伴随：accompany, conduct, attend, escort80. 因此，所以：accordingly, consequently, hence, so, therefore, thus81. 报道，叙述：account, report82. 积聚，聚集，积累：accumulate, amass, collect, gather, heap, pile83. 准确的，正确的：accurate, exact, precise, right, true, correct84. 指控、谴责：accuse, charge85. 疼、疼痛：ache, pain, sore86. 承认：acknowledge, admit, confess, recognize, concede87. 获得、取得、得到：acquire, obtain, gain, get, win, earn, secure88. 横过、穿过：across, along, over, through89. 行为、行动：act, action, deed, operation, performance90. 积极的，活跃的：active, energetic, vigorous, brisk, lively91. 演员：actor, player, performer92. 使适合，适应：adapt, adjust, conform, accommodate, suit, fit93. 附加物、增加物：addition, appendix, attachment, supplement, accessory94. 另加的，额外的：additional, extra, supplementary95. 欢迎、致敬，致意，招呼：address, greet, salute, hail, welcome96. 演讲，讲话，报告：address, speech, lecture, oration, report, talk97. 尊重、钦佩：admire, honour, respect, regard, esteem98. 劝告、忠告、警告advise, caution, warn, admonish, counsel99. 成年的，成熟的：adult, grown-up, mature100. 前进，行进，进展：advance, progress, proceed, move on, go101. 利益、好处：advantage, benefit, interest, favour, profit, gain102. 意见、建议：advice, opinion, progposal, suggestion, recommendation, view 103. 飞机：aeroplane, airplane, aircraft, plane, jet, helicopter104事情：affair, business, matter, concern, thing105. 爱、热爱：affection, love, attachment106. 在……后面：after, behind, at the back of107. 后来，以后：afterward(s), later108. 时期、时代：age, epoch, era, period, times109. 进攻、侵略：aggression, invasion, assault, attack, offensive110……以前：ago, before111. 苦恼、痛苦：agony, auguish, torment, torture, grief, misery, distress, sorrow112. 同意、赞同：agree, consent, approve, comply, subscribe113. 符合、一致agree, accord, coincide, conform, correspond114. 协定，协议，契约，合同：agreement, contract, treaty, convention, bargain, understanding, accord115. 帮助：aid, assist, help116. 目标、目的：aim, goal, purpose, end, target, object, objective117. 恐惧、惧怕、惊恐：alarm, fear, fright, horror, panic, terror, dread 118. 惊吓、惊恐：alarm, frightem, startle, terrify, scare, intimidate119. 相似的，类似的：alike, like, similar, comparable, parallel, uniform,120. 活着的，活的：alive, live, living121. 让、允许：allow, let, permit, leave, authorize122. 大约，差不多：almost, nearly, about, approximately, around, roughly 123. 高声地、大声地：aloud, loud, loudly124. 字母：alphabet, letter, character, script125. 也：also, too, either, likewise126. 高度：altitude, height, elevation127. 表示频度：always, often, usually, frequently, repeatedly, regularly 128. 在……之间，在……之中：among, between, amid, amongst129. 使人娱乐，消遣：amuse, entertain, interest, please130. 愤怒：anger, indignation, fury, rage, wrath131. 角：angle, corner132. 发怒的，愤怒的：angry, indignant, mad133. 动物：animal, beast, creature, brute, cattle134. 宣布，公开：announce, declare, proclaim, pronounce, advertise, broadcast, publish135. 动物：animal, beast, creature, brute, cattle136. 回答：answer, reply, respond, retort, return137. 焦虑、关心：anxiety, worry, care, concern138. 急切的，渴望的：anxious, eager, keen139. 仪器、设备、器械、器具：apparatus, instrument, device, equipment, tool, implement, installation, appliance, facilities140. 清楚的，明白的，明显的：distinct, definite, manifest141. 看起来，好像是：appear, look, seem142. 出现：appear, emerge, show, loom143. 外表，容貌：appearance, look, face, aspect144. 喝彩，鼓掌：applause, acclaim145. 申请、请求：application, request146. 任命，委派：appoint, designate, assign, name, nominate147. 欣赏：appreciate, enjoy148. 批准：approve, confirm, sanction149. 辩论，争论，说理：argue, quarrel, debate, dispute, discuss, reason 150. 上升，举起：arise, rise, raise, lift151. 起源，源自：arms, wepon, armament152. 军队、部队：army, troops, forces153. 抓住，捕捉：arrest, capture, catch, seize, trap154. 人造的，非自然的：artificial, false, synthetic, man-made155. 因为：as, because, for, since156. 像：as, like157. 攀登，上升：ascend, climb, mount158. 羞愧的：ashamed, shameful159. 问，询问：ask, demand, inquire, question160. 要求，请求：ask, beg, demand, require, request, implore, claim, pray,161. 断言，声称：assert, affirm, allege, maintain, testify, claim162. 分配，分发：assign, distribute, divide, allocate163. 同事，伙伴：associate, companion, comrade, colleague, fellow, partner 164. 假设，猜想，推测：assume, presume, suppose, guess, postulate165. 驾驶飞行装置的人员：astronaut, pilot166. 在……：at, in, on167. 最后，终于：at last, at length, eventually, finally, in the end, lastly 168. 体育运动：athletics, sport, game169. 达到：attain, reach, achieve, arrive170. 试图，努力，力图：attempt, try, endeavour, strive171. 加，加入：attend, join, participate180. 态度、风度：attitude, air, manner181. 律师：attorney, lawyer, counsel, advocate182. 吸引，引诱：attract, charm, enchant, fascinate, tempt183. 把……归于：attribute, ascribe184. 作者，作家：author, writer185. 秋天：autumn, fall186. 有益于，有益：avail, benefit, profit187. 给予奖励：award, reward188. 意识到的：aware, conscious, sensible。

Unite10Para1原文：Today the academy holds a highly privileged place in American society because of a long-standing national consensus about the value of education.1. holds a highly privileged place占有得天独厚的地位(occupies a unique position ) privileged: blessed with privilegeslong-standing :长期存在的having existed or continued for a long timeconsensus: 意见一致(common views ) general agreement; an opinion that everyone in a group agrees with or accepts.Paraphrase: Today, the university has a unique place in American society because Americans have long-standing national common views of the value of educationThat faith is based on conviction that the vitality of the United States , creative and diverse cultural life, its staggeringly inventive economy, its national security and robustness of its democratic institutions owe much to the quality of institutions of higher education.conviction:坚定的信仰( strong belief / article of faith) an unshakable belief in something without need for proof or evidencevitality:活力( verve)an energetic stylediverse:多种多样的(various) distinctly dissimilar or unlikestaggeringly:令人惊讶的( astonishing) very surprising, shocking, and almost unbelievablesecurity:安全safetyrobustness:健全the quality of being strong and not likely to have problems.institutions: 制度，体系(system/ setup)owe much to: 极大地归因于(due to / attribute toParaphrase: This belief is based on a strong belief that the verve of the United States, its creative and various cultural life, its amazing creativity economy, its national safety and the perfect democratic system greatly depends on the quality of the higher education institutions.Medieval：as if belonging to the Middle Ages;同义词：mediaeval / gothicivory tower：a state of mind that is discussed as if it were a placeinward ：relating to or existing in the mind or thoughtssolitary ：being the only one; single and isolated from others同义词：lone/ lonesome / only / solecontemplation：a calm lengthy intent consideration同义词：reflection / reflexion / rumination / musing / thoughtfulnessImmunized：having been rendered unsusceptible to a disease同义词：immunised / vaccinatedSuperseded：take the place or move into the position of同义词：supplant / replace / supervene upon / supercedeconstructed not of ivory, but of a highly porous material：which was built without ivory,but a highly opening organizationallows :同义词：let / permitdiffusion:the act of dispersing or diffusing somethingcrafted over:make by hand and with much skillmeant to: aim atSuffuse:spread or diffuse through同义词：permeate / pervade / penetrate / interpenetrate / diffuseConsciousness:an alert cognitive state in which you are aware of同义词：awareness / cognizance / cognisance / knowingness<The medieval image of the university as an ivory tower, with scholars turned inward in solitary contemplation, immunized from the cares of the day, is an image that has been superseded by the modern university constructed not of ivory, but of a highly porous material, one that allows free diffusion in both directions.>Paraphrase: The image of the medieval university is a ivory tower, where scholars , far from society and lonely contemplation, don't care about things outside the window. This image has been replaced by the modern university, the modern university which was built without ivory, ut a highly opening organization allowing free exchange inside and outside.Its ideals, crafted over many generations, are meant to suffuse the national consciousness.3-2 University ideal, through generations of casting, aims at filtrating the national awareness.We also have learned that it is unwise to search only in predictable places, for new knowledge often depends upon preparing fertile ground in obscure places where serendipity and good luck, as well as deep intelligence, can sprout. Freedom of inquiry, which is one of our most cherished organizing principles, is not just a moral imperative, it is a practical necessity.英译英：We also have learned that it is unwise to search only in knowable filed, for new knowledge often depends upon fund of knowledge in unknown places where valuable discoveries by accident and good luck, as well as deep intellience, the research can freedom progress, which is one of our most valuable organizing principles, is not only a ethical necessary, but also a realistic necessary.Para 5原文：Just as we have an obligation to search widely for knowledge, so we also have an obligation to ensure that the scholarly work of the academy is widely disseminated.词语解释：Obligation：an act or course of action to which a person is morally or legally bound; a duty or commitment.同义词: duty, responsibility, task,Ensure：make certain that (something) shall occur or be the case.同义词: make sure, make certain, confirm, verifyScholarly：involving or relating to serious academic study.同义词: academic, scholastic,Disseminate：spread or disperse (something, especially information) widely.同义词: spread, propagate, publicize,Paraphrase: Just as we have a duty to search widely for knowledge,so we also have a duty to make sure that the scholastic work of the academy is widely spread.on historians who can inform the present through deep understanding of the past, philosophers who can provide frameworks for working through issues of right and wrong, economists whose insights can help to get the economy back on track.Paraphrase: on historians who can tell the present though deep understanding of the past, philosophers who can offer structure for determine of right and wrong, economists whose intuition can help to make the economy back on track.While understanding the importance of professional education,they made it clear that at Princeton we should first and foremost cultivate the qualites of thought and discernment in our students in the belief that this will be most conducive to the health of our society.英译英：When they realized the importance of professional education,simultaneously they was convinced that at Princeton we should give priority to the development of the qualites of thought and discernment in our students,believing that this will be most benificial to the health of our society.•Unit9The problem has climbed the income ladder and moved to the suburbs, where service workers cram their families intoovercrowded apartments, college graduates have to crashwith their parents, and firefighters, police officers and teachers can’t afford to live in the communities they serve.英译英：The problem has affected the middle class and moved to the suburban districts, where service workers and their families are crushed into overcrowded apartments, college graduates have to stay overnight at their parents’ place and firefighters, police office and teachers can’t pay money to live i n the communities they serve.The real estate boom of the past decade has produced windfalls for Americans who owned before it began.英译英：In the past decade, the real estate developed rapidly has produced unexpected future for Americans who owned before at began.President Richard M Nixon began offering subsidized rent vouchers to millions of low-income tenants in private housing. For half a century,most housing debates in Washington revolved around how much to expand federal assistance.英译英：President Richard M Nixon began offering rent subsidies to millions of low-income households in basic housing. For half a century, most of Washington's discussions aim at how to expand the federal aid.Congress has rejected most of President Bush’s pro posedcuts, but there has been virtually no discussion of increases; affordable-housing advocates spend most their time fightingto preserve the status quo.英译英：Congress has refused most of President Bush’s federal aid cuts, but there has been no discussion of federal aid increases; afford-housing keeper spend most of their time to protect the current situation.Some liberals dream of extending subsidies to all eligible low-income families, but that $100 billion-a-year solution was unrealisticeven before the budget deficit ballooned again. So even some housing advocates now support time limits on most federal rent aid.The time limits included in welfare reform 10 years ago were controversial, but studies suggest they’ve helped motivate recipients to get off the dole. And unlike welfare, housing aid is not a federal entitlement, so taking it away from one family after a few years would provide a break for an equally deserving family.英译英：Some liberals hope to enlarge allowance for all qualified low-income families, but that $100 billion-a-year means was unpractical even before the budget dramatically expanded again. Therefore, even some housing assertions now support time limits on most federal rent help. The time limits included in welfare reform 10 years ago were questioned, but studies suggest they’ve help encourage the recipients to get rid of rely on the handout. And unlike welfare, housing aid isnot the obligation of federal, so taking it away from one family after a few years would render a service for an equally due family.“Its a no-brainer，”says David Smith, an affordable-housing advocate in Boston. “You cant sustain the contradition of no limits.”英译英：“Its an obviousness，”says David Smith, an affordable-housing advocate in Boston.You can not let the inherent contradiction unlimited continuationThe root of the problem is the striking mis match between the demand for and the supply of affordable housing——or, more accurately affordable housing near jobs.英译英：The source of the problem is lost the balance between the demand for and the supply of affordable housing——or,more exactly affordable housing near jobs.Others reduce their rents by overcrowing , which studies link to higher crime rates, poorer academic performance and poorer health英译英：others curtail their rents by living into overcowded apartments which studies related in highter crime rates, poorer academic performance and poorer healthOthers reduce their rents by overcrowing , which studies link to higher crime rates,poorer academic performance and poorer health; Los Angeles alone has 620,000 homes with more than one person per room. Other workers areenduring increasingly long commutes from less expensive communities, a phenomenon known as"driving to qualify".英译英：Others descend their rents by living in a narrow space, which studies connect to higher crime rates, poorer academic performance and poorer health. Other workers are suffering spending long time on walking the road from less expensive communities, a phenomenon known as"running to qualifyThis creates all kinds of lousy outcomes----children who don’t get to see their parents, workers who can’t make ends meet when gas prices soar, exurban sprawl, roads clogged with long-distance commuters emitting greenhouse gases.英译英：This causes various very bad results----children who can’t catch sight of their parents, workers who can’t have enough money to buy things they need when oil prices rising, outward expansion of the city, roads blocked by long-distance labors and the bus they take discharges greenhouse gases.The best thing local officials can do to promote affordable housing is toget out of the way--stop requiring one-acre lots and two-car garages,and stop blocking low-income and high-density projects.为促进廉价房，地方官员能做的最好事情是不要挡在路上--不要要求一英亩最小面积和两车位的车库、不要阻止低收入和高密度的项目。

雅思同义替换词1. force=power 力量2. reduce=decrease 减少3. imitate=mimic 模仿4. implement =put into practice 实施，实行5. beneficial =valuable 有用的，有利的6. inaccessible =isolated达不到的; 难见到的7. major=main 主要的8. rage=anger 生气9. seldom=rarely 几乎不10. incident=event 事件11. abandon=give up 放弃12. testimony=evidence 证据13. spot=track 发现14. passage=path 通路15. commence =begin 开始16. tool=equipment 器具17. emphasize=focus on 强调18. figure out=understand 理解，明白19. perception=idea 观念20. address=solve 解决21. remove=extract 移除22. positive=advantageous 积极的，有利的23. impressive=unforgettable 印象深刻的24. contribute to=cause 促成，导致25. storyline=plot 故事情节26. unfold=expand 展开27. convince=persuade 说服28. insist=claim 声称；断言29. principle=law 准则30. outperform=surpass 胜过31. blight=plague 灾害32. whereas=but 但是33. occur=happen 发生34. property=character 特性35. clever=intelligent 聪明的36. deficit=loss 亏损; 亏空37. reproduce=copy 复制38. utilize=employ 利用，使用39. tie=connect 连接40. primarily=mainly 主要地41. adversity=difficulty 逆境; 不幸42. flow=passing 流动43. unprecedented=unique 前所未有的，无前例的44. research=investigation 调研45. heritage=relic文化遗产46. investigate=analyse 调查；分析47. brink=verge 边缘48. context=situation 语境；背景49. finance=fund 资金50. detailed=explicit 明确的，清楚的51. approximately=about 大约，将近52. identify=recognize 确定; 识别，认出53. attack=hurt 攻击，伤害54. recognise=know 认识55. scale=measure 测量56. value=price 价值，价格57. inexpensive=cheap 便宜的58. hinder=impede 阻止59. comprehend =understand 理解60. encourage =induce 鼓动61. link to =associate with 联系62. pattern=format 模式63. rare=unusual 罕见的64. divide=separate 划分; 分离65. communal=public 公共的66. provide shade=shelter 为…遮阳67. education=cultivation 训练；培养68. concept=idea 观念69. scarce =insufficient 稀缺的70. soaring=increasing 猛增的71. beneath=underlie 在…的下方72. provide=supply 提供73. surrounding=environment 环境74. require=depend on 需要75. odour=smell 气味76. large=massive 大的77. hostile=hazardous 不利的，有危险的；78. look like=resemble 像79. cue=clue 线索80. criticism=judgement 批评，批判;81. astonishing=surprising 吃惊的82. demanding=difficult 困难的83. eradicate=wipe out 摧毁; 完全根除84. favour=love 喜爱85. overcome=get over 克服86. sophistication=complex 复杂87. absence of a sound=silence 寂静88. incongruity=incompatible 不兼容89. difficult=harsh 困难的90. highlight=emphasize 强调91. enroll=attend 加入92. adapt to=adjust to 使适应于….93. improve=upgrade 提高94. effective=useful 有效的95. carry=bear 具有96. enough=sufficient 足够的97. origin=root 起源98. performance=achievement 表现；成就99. unique=distinct 独特的；卓越的，不寻常的100. ignore=neglect 忽略101. manufacture =produce 制造102. goal=objective 目标103. argument=dispute 争论104. impose=force 强迫，强加于……105. prosper=flourish 繁盛106. surprising=unexpected 吃惊的，令人惊讶的107. correspond=match 相应，符合108. charge =pricing 收费109. master=govern 掌握110. downward=fall 向下111. legitimate=legal 合法的112. image=picture 影像，肖像113. alone=solely 单独地114. method=mode 方式115. deliver=send 发送，传达116. examine=analyse 检查，调查117. prior to=before 在……之前118. military=battlefield 军事的; 军用的119. curiosity=interest 好奇心120. close=shut down 关闭121. ultimate=final 最终的，最后的122. accident=disaster 事故，意外事件123. distinguish=differ 区分，辨别124. fortune=wealth 富有125. local=domestic 当地的，本地的126. remain=keep 保持，留下127. approach=measure 措施128. hidden=disguised 隐藏的129. supply=provision 供应130. transport=move 运送，运输131. ignite=light 点火，燃烧132. commute=travel 通勤133. sole=only 唯一的，单独的134. consumer=user 消费者135. constant=continuous 不断的，持续的136. revision=change 修订，修改137. reduction=drop 减少，降低138. accumulate=collect 堆积，积累139. location=position 定位，位置140. similar=like 与……相似141. restrict=limit 限制，限定142. predict=expect 预计143. serious=severe 严肃的，严重的144. misunderstanding=confusion 误解，误会145. impair=damage 损害，损伤146. spacious=large 宽敞的，广阔的147. back =support 支持148. plan=prepare 计划，打算149. vanish=disappear 消失150. innovation=creation 改革，创新151. significant=considerable 重要的，有意义的152. halt=stop 暂停，停止153. specific=particular 具体的，明确的，特种的154. forage=search 搜寻155. label=display 把……列为156. fragment=patch 碎片157. trial=experiment 实验，试验158. often=invariably 经常；总是159. overstate =exaggerate 夸张，夸大160. strike=hit 打击，击打161. reproduce=breed 繁殖162. govern=rule 治理，统治163. emotion =feeling 情感，感情164. impact=effect 影响165. expect =anticipate 期待，预料166. advance=progress 前进167. duties=responsibilities 职责168. delay=slow 耽搁，推迟169. surface=top 表面，外观170. measure=calculate 计算，衡量171. foster=establish 培养，促进172. construct=build 构成，构建173. talent=gift 天赋174. emerge=appear 出现175. death=mortality 死亡176. decline=deteriorate 下降，衰退177. die out=extinct 灭绝178. obey=comply with 顺应，遵从179. orbit=circulate 盘旋180. biased=unfair 有偏见的181. output=product 产量182. international=global 全球的183. detect=inspect 查明184. prompt=cause 引起185. in excess of=over 多于，超出186. illustrate=show 说明，展示187. constant=stable 稳定的188. observe=watch 观察，注意189. self-reliance=independence 自立190. consciousness=awareness 意识191. actor=star 演员，明星192. odd=strange 奇怪的193. raise=lift 提升，举起194. fair=equitable 公平地195. help=contribute to 有助于196. incomplete=oversimplified 不完全的197. remote=distant 遥远的198. account for=explain 解释，说明199. freezing=cold 严寒的200. moral=ethical 道德的201. combine=integrate 组成202. coin=invent 创造203. assumption=hypothesis 假说204. react=respond 反映205. intact=undamaged 完整的206. initiate=start 开始207. equivalent to=equal to 等同于208. additional=extra 额外的209. produce=develop 发展210. superior=better 更好的211. extend=prolong 延伸212. field=domain 领域213. wreck=damage 破坏214. supplementary=additional 补充的215. memorise=remember 记住216. abundant=plenty 充足的217. dense=tight 紧的218. developed=advanced 发达的219. approach=way 方法220. pioneer=initiative 先锋; 先驱221.smuggle=hide藏匿222. intense=powerful 强有力的223. target=goal 目标224. feedback=comment 反馈225. evaporate=disappear 消失226. generate=create 创造227. appreciate=recognize 认出228. elaborate=explain 解释229. key=important 重要的230. threat=danger 危险231. undervalued=unappreciated 不重视的232. outlook=view 观点233. beforehand=prior to 优于234. conclude=summarize 总结235. regulation=standard 标准236. speed=rate 速率237. static=stationary 静止的238.omit=leave out 遗漏239. breakthrough=discovery 发现240. agriculture=farming 农业241. blanket=cover 覆盖242. carry out=perform 执行243. aid= support 支持244. promotion=advancement 提升245. flat=horizontal 水平的246. eliminated=eradicated 消除247. inaccurate=incorrect 错误的248. crucial =important 重要的249. rival=compete 竞争250. concur=agree 同意251. increase=surge 增加252. conventional=traditional 传统的253. fragile=vulnerable 易受伤的254. interpret=translate 解释255. request=demand 要求256. interfere=disrupt 打扰257. fatigue= tiredness 劳累258. pitfall=trap 陷阱259. initial=original 原始的260. collaborate=co-ordinate 合作261. civilization=culture 文明262. promotion=marketing 促销263. separate=disparate 分离264. collapse=fail 失败265. built-in=innate 内在的266. essential=substantial 重大的267. limit=minimize 限制268. expertise=skill 技术269. detection=finding 发现270. undermine=destroy 损坏271. substitute=instead 代替272. self-confidence=assertiveness 自信273. transport=deliver 运输274. funding=money 金钱275. confront=face 面对276. disagreement=conflict 冲突277. interior=inner 内在的278. grow=increase 增加279. asset=value 资产280.classifying=categorizing分类281. conserve=save 保留288. bend=flex 弯曲289. early=initial 早的290. discuss=debate 讨论291. wealth=income 收入292. split=divide 分开293. cornerstone=landmark 地标294. involve with=associate with 涉及到295.sustainable=renewable可持续的296.outcome=result结果297.extend=spread扩大298. sharp points=tips 尖部299. medium=average 平均的300. municipal=city 城市。

雅思写作Paraphrase1. 介绍雅思写作题型和Paraphrase的重要性雅思写作考试是雅思考试中的重要部分，包括了任务一和任务二两个部分。

在雅思写作中，Paraphrase是一项非常重要的技能，它是指对题目或原文的表述进行改写，以表达相同的含义，但使用不同的词语和句子结构。

Paraphrase不仅在写作任务中起到了提高语言表达能力的作用，同时也对提高整篇文章的水平至关重要。

2. Paraphrase的定义及其在雅思写作中的重要性Paraphrase是指通过改写句子的方式，使得原本表达的含义依然保持不变，但采用了新的词汇和语法结构。

在雅思写作中，Paraphrase的重要性不言而喻。

它不但可以提升句子的表达力和多样性，还可以使文章更加丰富多彩，表达更加精准。

3. Paraphrase在雅思写作中的应用在雅思写作中，Paraphrase可以应用于各种题型和题目。

在描述趋势或变化的趋势报告中，Paraphrase可以帮助我们有效地替换原文中的词语和句式，达到增强表达的目的；在给出观点和解决问题的议论文中，Paraphrase可以用来表达不同的观点，使得文章更鲜活生动。

4. 如何提高Paraphrase的能力提高Paraphrase的能力需要大量的练习和积累。

可以通过大量阅读不同领域的文章和文献，以便更加熟悉各种语言描述方式。

同时也可以通过模仿和练习，不断积累相似含义的词语和句子结构。

另外，积极参加雅思写作培训和课程，学习专业的Paraphrase技巧也是一个不错的选择。

5. 结语在雅思写作中，Paraphrase是一项非常重要的技能，它在提高文章表达和语言能力方面有着不可替代的作用。

通过大量的练习和积累，我们相信每个考生都能够掌握这一技能，从而在雅思写作中取得更好的成绩。

基于上面提到的Paraphrase的重要性和在雅思写作中的应用，接下来我们可以进一步探讨Paraphrase的具体技巧和实践方法，以及如何在写作过程中有效地运用Paraphrase来提高文章的质量和得分。

paraphrase技巧【实用版4篇】目录（篇1）1.引言：介绍什么是 paraphrase 技巧2.paraphrase 的定义与作用3.如何进行 paraphrasea.理解原文b.使用同义词或短语替换原文词汇c.改变句子结构d.保持原意不变4.paraphrase 的注意事项5.结论：总结 paraphrase 技巧的重要性和应用场景正文（篇1）一、引言在英语写作和翻译中，我们常常需要对原文进行改写，以达到不同的目的，如避免抄袭、提高文章可读性等。

这时，paraphrase 技巧就显得尤为重要。

本文将为大家介绍什么是 paraphrase 技巧，以及如何运用这一技巧。

二、paraphrase 的定义与作用Paraphrase，即释义或解释，指的是用不同的词汇和句子结构来表达原文的意思，同时保持原意不变。

这一技巧在英语写作、翻译、学术研究等领域具有广泛的应用。

通过 paraphrase，我们可以使文章更加丰富、生动，也可以避免直接引用原文导致的抄袭问题。

三、如何进行 paraphrase1.理解原文在进行 paraphrase 之前，我们需要先充分理解原文的意思，确保自己掌握了原文的核心信息。

只有这样，我们才能在改写过程中保持原意不变。

2.使用同义词或短语替换原文词汇paraphrase 的关键在于用不同的词汇和短语替换原文中的表达。

我们可以使用同义词、反义词或者其他相关词汇来替换原文中的词汇，从而使表达更加丰富。

3.改变句子结构除了替换词汇，我们还可以通过改变句子结构来实现 paraphrase。

这包括改变句子的主次顺序、使用不同的句型等。

在改变句子结构的过程中，我们需要注意保持句子的逻辑性和连贯性。

4.保持原意不变在进行 paraphrase 时，我们必须始终牢记一点：无论怎么改写，都不能改变原文的意思。

这意味着我们在选择替换词汇和改变句子结构时，需要确保新表达与原文表达的意思一致。

四、paraphrase 的注意事项在进行 paraphrase 时，我们需要注意以下几点：1.不要过度依赖原文，要学会用自己的话来表达；2.不要只是简单地替换原文词汇，要注重句子结构的改变；3.在改写过程中，要确保新表达的准确性和通顺性；4.改写后的表达要符合语法规则和语言习惯。

如何在《高级英语》学习中做好Paraphrase摘要： paraphrase在整个英语教学中贯穿始终，在高年级的英语学习中更广泛。

如何做好paraphrase，对于高年级英语的学习十分重要，尤其对考研的学生来说，经常会遇到paraphrase这样的题型。

本文结合高级英语教学中的具体事例探讨如何在《高级英语》学习中做好paraphrase的问题。

关键词：《高级英语》 paraphrase 长句《高级英语》课程是针对高年级英语专业学生开设的一门重要的专业课。

在本课程的学习中学生不仅要掌握英语学习的技巧，更重要的是要提高分析欣赏文章的能力。

那么，如何更好地理解文章中的长难句呢？学会paraphrase十分重要。

一、paraphrase的定义根据《新英汉词典》，paraphrase被解释为“释义，意译”，但这还不足以清楚的表达paraphrase的内涵。

根据longman dictionary of contemporary english，paraphrase指的是“re-expression of something written or said in different words，especially words that are easier to understand”。

由此可见，paraphrase包含两个方面：一是用不同的词表达与原文相同的意思，二是用来重新表达的词更简单易懂。

在理解了什么是paraphrase之后，我们再分析在学习中如何做好paraphrase。

二、做好paraphrase的方法1.用同义词替换原句中的单词paraphrase之所以难以理解，原因之一是原文中出现的某个词或词组不是我们常用的，一般较正式或过于抽象。

如：as you approach it，a tinkling and banging and clashing begins to impinge on your ear.→as you get near it，a variety of sounds begin to strike your ear.2.解释原句中的较难部分这种方法往往是因为句子中出现了专业术语、俚语习语和各种修辞等，需要用浅显易懂的语言解释出来。

托福词汇备考：常用同义词托福词汇备考：常用同义词对于托福考试来说，单词一直是阻挡考生托福拿分的一个很重要的因素，以下是yjbys网店铺整理的关于托福词汇备考：常用同义词，供大家备考。

accordingly—for that reason因此-因此account for—explain说明accumulate—collect积聚-收集acute—intense急性的-剧烈的adhere—stick粘附-粘附adjunct—addition辅助-附加adorn—decorate装饰--装饰adverse—negative相反的-负面的advocate—proponent提倡者-支持者aesthetical—artistic审美的-艺术的astound—surprise令人极为惊讶的-令人惊讶attachment (to)—preference (for)喜爱-喜爱attain—achieve获得-获得attendant—accompanying伴随的-伴随的attire—clothing衣服-衣服attribute—characteristic特征aviation—navigation航空-航空barren—infertile贫瘠的-贫瘠的bias—prejudice偏见-偏见bizarre—odd-奇异的-奇怪的boost—raise促进-提高bound—limit限制-限制classify—categorize分类-分类coarse—rough 粗糙-粗糙cohesion—unity凝聚-结合，统一coin—create创造，杜撰-创造collectively—together共同的-一起comparably—similarly类似-同样地compile—put together收集-收集拓展阅读：托福重点词汇如何备考最有效在托福备考的过程中，在听力段子里会出现不少的生词和高频词，要掌握它们仅仅依靠背诵是不够的。

高考阅读100个同义词替换精髓词汇1.important=crucial =significant=vital=essential=critical=fatal=indispensable=necessarymon=universal=ubiquitous=general=widely3.abundant=ample(enough and usually extra), plentiful(enough for people's needs and wants) =sufficient4.stick=adhere=cling(hold on something tightly) =insist=persist5.neglect=ignore=overlook=elide=lose sight of sth.(difference: neglect means someone has not paid enough attention to something; ignore means no attention.)6.near=adjacent(two things next to each other)=adjoin(the same as adjacent) =close to7.pursue=woo(man woos woman, old-fashioned), seek(if you seeksth, you try to obtain it.) =chase=aspire8.accurate=precise(precise is exact and accurate in all details), exact(correct in every detail)9.vague=obscure=dim=indistinct=fuzzy10.top=peak=summit=acmepetitor=rival=opponent(especially in sports and politics)12.blame=condemn(if you condemn something, you say it is very bad and unacceptable) =make illegal=abuse=censure=denounce=curse=imprecate13.opinion=perspective=standpoint=idea=viewpoint=point of view14.fame=prestige(describe those who are admired), reputation=distinction15.build=erect=establish=foundhumble pie16.insult=humiliate(do something or say something which makes people feel ashamed or stupid) =put sb. to shameplain=grumble (complain something in a bad-tempered way) =murmur at18.primary=radical(very important and great in degree), fundamental19.relieve=alleviate(alleviate means you make pain or sufferings less intense or severe) =lighten=ease=remit20.force=coerces into(coerce means you make someone do something he does not want to),compel=enforce=impel21.enlarge=magnify(magnify means make something larger than it really is) =expansion=amplify=broadenplex=intricate(if something is intricate, it often has many small parts and details)=complicated=sophisticated23. lonely=solitary=lonesome=single24.small=minuscule(very small), minute,25.praise=extol(stronger than praise), compliment=commend26.hard-working=industry=assiduous(someone who is assiduous works hard or does things very thoroughly)27.difficult=tough=bump=rub=arduous(if something is arduous, it is difficult and tiring, and involves a lot of efforts)28.poor(soil)=barren=infertile(used to describe the soil is so poor that plants cannot be planted on it)29.fragile=brittle=vulnerable(someone who is vulnerable is easily hurt emotionally or physically)30.show=demonstrate=illustrate=prove=indicate=discover=find(to demonstrate a fact means to make it clear to people.)31.big=massive(large in size, quantity, or extent)=colossal(use this word, you emphasize something’s large), tremendous=giant=huge=enormous=gigantic32.avoid=shun=escape=prevent=hide from33.fair=impartial=just=equitable=detached34.attack=assault(physically attack someone), assail(attack violently)=offend35.dislike=abhor(abhor means you hate something to a extreme extent for moral reasons), loathe(dislike very much) disagreeable=disgusting=hate36.ruin=damage=break=devastate=destroy=wreck=decay=ravage37.rare=infrequent(doesn’t happen often)38.greedy=rapacious(greedy and selfish)39.always=invariably=often=usually= frequently40.forever=perpetual(a perpetual state never changes), immutable(something immutable will never change or be changed)41.surprise=startle(it means surprise you slightly), astound(surprise you to a large degree),astonish(the same as astound)42.enthusiasm=zeal(a great enthusiasm), fervency(sincere and enthusiasm)43.quiet=tranquil(calm and peaceful), serene(calm and quiet)=silent=calm44.expensive=high price=can’t be affordable=exorbitant (it means too expensive that it should be)45.luxurious=lavish(impressive and very expensive), sumptuous(grand and very expensive)46.boring=tedious(if you describe something tedious, you mean it is boring and frustrating)=senseless=uninteresting=disappointed47.respect=esteem=honor48.worry=fret=apprehensive(if you fret about something, you worry about it)49.cold=chilly(unpleasantly cold), icy(extremely cold)=freeze50.hot=boiling(very hot)51.dangerous=perilous(very dangerous, hazardous(dangerous, especially to people's safety and health)52.nowadays=currently53.only=unique(the only one of its kind), distinctive;54.stop=cease(if something ceases, it stops happening or existing)55.part=component(the components of something are the parts that it is made of)56.result=consequence(the results or effects of something)57.obvious=apparent, manifest58.basedon=derived from /can see or notice them very easily)60.quite=fairly61.pathetic=lamentable(very uncomfortable and disappointing)62.field=domain(a particular field of thought, activities or interest)63.appear=emerge(come into existence)64.whole=entire(the whole of something)65.wet=moist(slightly wet), damp(slightly wet), humid(very damp and hot)!66.wrong=erroneous(incorrect or partly correct)67.difficult=formidable68.change=convert(change into another form)69.typical=quintessential(this word means represent a typical example of something)70.careful=cautious(very careful in order to avoid danger), prudent(careful andsensible)71.ability=capacity, capability(the same as ability)72.strange=eccentric(if some one is eccentric, s/he behaves in a strange way, orhis/her opinion is different from most people)73.rich=affluent(if you are affluent, you have a lot of money)e= utilize (the same as use)75.dubious=skeptical(if you are skeptical about something, you have doubts on it.)76.satisfy=gratify (if you are gratified by something, it gives you pleasure andsatisfaction)77.short=fleeting, ephemeral(if something is ephemeral, it lasts a short time)78.scholarship=fellowship79.angry=enraged(extremely angry)80.smelly=malodorous(used to describe an unpleasant smell)81.ugly=hideous(if something is hideous, it is very ugly or unattractive)#82.attractive=appealing(pleasing and attractive), absorbing(something absorbing canattract you a great deal)83.diverse=miscellaneous(a miscellaneous groups consists of many different kinds of things)84.disorder=disarray, chaos85.crazily=frantically(used to describe someone who behaves in a wild and uncontrolled way)86.rapid=meteoric(ATTENTION: meteoric is only used to describe someone achieves success quickly)87.ordinary=mundane(very ordinary and not at interesting or unusual)88.despite=notwithstanding(FORMAL)89.best=optimal(used to describe the best level something can achieve)/90.sharp=acute(severe and intense)91.unbelievable=inconceivable(ifyou deem something inconceivable, you think it very unlike to happen ^92.puzzle=perplex(something perplex someone means it confuses and worries him/her because he/she does not understand it)93.method=avenue(away of getting something done)94.famous=distinguished(used to describe people who are successful in their career)95.ancient=archaic(extremely old and extremely old-fashioned)96.decorate=embellish(embellish means make something look more attractive via decorating it with something else)/97.possible=feasible(if something is feasible, it can be done, made or achieved)98.so=consequently, accordingly。