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专题一不可忽视的小词——冠词、代词和介词(短语)第一讲冠词1．(2020·全国卷Ⅱ·语法填空)The plum trees are________first to flower even as the snow is melting(融化)．解析：考查冠词。
句意：雪还在融化时，梅花是第一个开花的。
这里表示特指，所以序数词first前要加定冠词the。
答案：the2．(2020·浙江卷·语法填空)Then，with________rise of science，changes began.解析：考查冠词。
with the rise of译为“随着……的崛起”是固定短语。
故填the。
答案：the3．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ·语法填空)Of________nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations，three are declining，six are stable，one is increasing，and nine lack enough data.解析：考查冠词。
此处为特指，意为“在已知的19个北极熊亚种群中”，故填the。
答案：the4．(2019·浙江卷·语法填空)Everybody wears________same style of clothes.解析：考查冠词。
句意：每个人都穿相同风格的衣服。
same是形容词，意思是“相同的”，常与the连用修饰名词。
故填the。
答案：the5．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ·语法填空)Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over________past 25 years，while rice has increased only 7 percent.解析：考查冠词。
专题一语法填空无提示词语法填空——连词【题型把握】语篇语法填空题的形式为：在一篇200词左右的语篇（短文或对话）中留出10处空白，部分空白的后面给出单词的基本形式，要求我们要根据上下文填写空白处所需要的内容或所提供单词的正确形式，所填写词语不得多于3个单词，我们需要灵活运用语法知识，如单词词性，单词时态，名词单复数，连接词，代词，冠词，主谓一致，语态，等来判断各填空处应填写的内容。
一般分为两种类型，有提示词的和无提示词的语法填空。
本讲义着重讲解无提示词的语法填空的解题技巧。
【知识导图】【解题技巧】无提示词的解题技巧“二步”准填无提示词第一步确定填哪类词分析句子结构,根据句子所缺成分确定填哪类词第二步确定填什么词1.填代词、副词、介词或冠词根据句子本身的含义2.填情态动词或助动词根据句子结构3.填连词根据上下两句的逻辑关系技巧：如何拿下连词题【知识清单】1.如何确定填连词第一步：如何确定并列连词如果两个单词、短语、句子相并列的成分相互之间存在并列、转折、选择、因果关系填并列连词。
第二步：如何确定其他连词如果空处引导从句，则首先要看它所引导的是哪一种从句，然后根据引导词的种类和功能来确定填哪一个引导词。
2.确定具体用何种连词①并列连词——关系分析法＋句型法1.关系分析法分析设空前后单词、短语或分句之间的关系，确定用哪个连词。
(1)表示并列或递进关系的有：and, both...and...两者都，not only...but (also)．..不但……而且……等。
(2)表示选择关系的有：or, either...or...或者……或者……，neither...nor...既不……也不……。
(3)表示转折或对比关系的有：but, while, not...but...等。
(4)表示因果关系的有：so, for等。
2.句型法1.“祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句”句型。
2．其他固定句型：·be doing sth when...正在做某事这时……·be about to do sth when...正要做某事这时……·had just done sth when...刚做某事这时……·hardly had sb/sth done when...刚……就……·no sooner had sb/sth done than...刚……就……②定语从句——4步法确定关系词1.第一步：确定是定语从句分析句子结构，设空处是无提示词，设空后的句子不完整，且对设空前的某一名词、代词或整个主句起限定作用，就要考虑填定语从句关系词。
2018高考英语语法填空：名词提示的解题技巧和跟踪训练题（含解析）高考英语语法填空【括号内提供的是名词】①括号内提供的如果是名词，尤其是单数名词，就应该考虑空格处是否需要填冠词(a，an，the)、物主代词(my，your，his等)、指示代词(this，that等)、不定代词(few，little，many，much，all，each，every，both，neither，other 等)、名词所有格或形容词等对名词进行修饰。
②相反，如果给出的名词是在冠词、物主代词、指示代词、不定代词、名词所有格或形容词之后，则应考虑填名词。
但不要忘记，要考虑名词是否变复数，是否用所有格形式等。
如：One of my fa ther’s favorite ________(say)as I was growing up was“Try it！”答案sayings这道题主要考查考生在特定语境中正确使用名词复数的能力。
考查考生是否知道“one of＋名词的复数形式”在句子中作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。
本句中as引导时间状语从句，表达的功能是“时空”概念。
该从句没有直接放在主句之后，而是进行了插入，放在了主句的主语之后，进行强调。
完整的主句是：One of my father’s favorite ________(say)was “Try it”．从该句的主系表结构中可以看出，one of my father’s favorite ________(say)在句子中作主语。
say要做两次转换：首先要转换成为名词；再将名词转为相应的复数形式。
say的名词是saying，其复数形式是sayings。
考生如果写对了saying只是做到了词形正确，同时还要保持单词的正确。
所以正确答案是sayings。
③当括号内提供的是名词时，还可能考查形容词。
如：There，my voice soun ds really ________(wonder) because there’s a slight echo to it.答案wonderful 括号内提供的是名词，但此空作系动词sounds的表语，所以要使用形容词形式。
“语法填空＋应用文写作＋概要写作”规范增分练(六)(限时：45分钟)Ⅰ.语法填空The choices people make can cause cancer.Not everyone who__1__(use)tobacco products will get cancer,but the chance of getting certain__2__(type)of cancer increases with tobacco use.The recent research__3__(show)us that the constant misuse or overuse of alcohol may cause cancer of the mouth and throat as well recently.Sometimes cancer can be caused by radiation__4__(find)in sunlight and Xrays, in addition__5__other places.This doesn't mean you should stop getting Xrays or stay indoors,but limiting your__6__(expose)to radiation can reduce the chances of developing cancer.The Xrays you get at__7__doctor's or dentist's office are not__8__ (typical)enough to cause cancer.And sometimes,the reason__9__someone gets cancer is simply an unfortunate mystery. Some cells in the body may start to increase and change.Doctors and researchers can see it happening,__10__they cannot provide a description of why it started.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。
第2讲无提示词类先定填哪类词→再定填哪个词(一)根据句子本身的含义考点1填冠词1．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)When we got a call saying she was short-listed, we thought it was __69__ joke.解析a joke “笑话，玩笑”，是可数名词。
空格后的joke为单数，故其前用a。
2．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Unexpectedly, I'm face－to－face with the gorilla, who begins screaming at __62__ top of her lungs.解析the at the top of one's lungs意为“以某人最大音量”，为固定短语。
3．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)As __65__ result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing.解析a as a result为固定短语意为“结果，因此”。
若空后有名词且两者搭配在一起表示泛指或特指，或者有序数词、最高级、表示特指意义的比较级等形式，则一般填冠词。
此外，还需注意冠词的固定搭配。
考点2填介词1．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)We were first greeted with the barking by a pack __63__ dogs, seven to be exact.解析of a pack of是固定搭配，意为“一群……”。
2．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)I was searching __67__ these three western lowland gorillas I'd been observing.解析for search for为固定搭配，意为“寻找，搜寻”。
二轮复习6情态动词和虚拟语气专题卷［高考经典演练］I .用适当的情态动词填空1 ・(2017 丿匕京卷)Samuel, the tallest boy in our class, ______ easily reach the books on the top shelf.2. (2046 j匕京)I love the weekend, because I __________ n ot get up early on Saturdays and Sundays・3. (2016 天津)It was really annoying; I_________ not get access to the data bank you had recommended・4. (2016 浙江)George ________ have gone too far. His coffee is still warm.5. (2015 北京卷)一Can't you stay a little longer?——Ifs getting late・ I really _____ go now, My daughter is home alone.6. (2015 重庆卷)You ________ b e Carol. You haven't changed a bit after all these years.7. (2045 天津卷)l _________ have worried before I came to the new school, for my classmates here are very friendly to me.8. (2015 四川卷)You _________ be careful with the camera. It costs!n •用所给动词的适当形式填空1 ・(2016 北京)Why didn't you tell me about your trouble last week? If you __________ (tell) me, I could have helped.2. (2016 江苏)If it _________ (not be) for his invitation the other day, I should not be here now.3. (2016 天津)I was weari ng a seatbelt .If I had n't bee n weari ng on e, I ________ (injure)・4. (2046 浙江)Had the governments and scientists not worked together, AIDS- related deaths ___________ (not fall) since their highest in 2005.5. (2015 北京卷)lf I _________ (see)it with my own eyes, I would n't have believed it.6. (2045 重庆卷)Without his wartime experiences, Hemingway _________ (write) his famous novel A Farewell to Arms.7. (2015 天津卷)| wish I _______(be) at my sister's wedding last Tuesday, but I was on a business trip in NewYork then.8・(2015陕西卷Ellen is a fantastic dancer. I wish I ______ (dance)as well as her.9. (2015 江苏卷)lt might have saved me some trouble ______ (know)the schedule.10. (2015 安徽卷)lt is lucky we booked a room, or we __________ (have) no where to stay now.［能力提升演练］I •用所给词的适当形式填空1 ・ A lot has been done in the recovery of national _______ (economic) in the past few years.2. This company was in serious ________ (finance) difficulties・3. It is to a certain degree his ________ (responsible) to see that the job is done.4. In the short term, the medicine may not be very ________ (effect)・5. Many colonies in Africa became _______ (independence) nations in the 1950*s・6. You encouragement made me more ________ (confidently) of my future・7. The tennis players need total ________ (concentrate) during play.8. He insisted three years is not eno ugh for a good ________ (interpret)・9. I hope the arrangements meet with your ________ (approve)・10. He had _______ (intend) to go, but on second thought, he gave up the idea.n •用所给动词的适当形式填空1 ・ Grace does n't want to move to New York because she thinks if she _______ (live) there, she wouldn't be able to see her parents very often.2. We _______ (face) the difficulty together, but why didn*t you tell me?3. Jack is a great talker. IVs high time that he ________ (do) something instead of just talking.4. We lost our way in that small village, otherwise we ________ (visit) more places of interest yesterday.5. Had they known what was coming next, they ________ (have) second thoughts.6. Don't handle the vase as if it ________ (be) made of steel.7. Sorry, I am too busy now. If I ________ (have) time, I would certainly go for an outing with you.8. — Where are the children? The dinner's going to be completely ruined.—I wish they _______ (not be) always late.9. He insisted he _______ (send) to the city.10. His expression suggested that he ________ (pass) the test.m •用情态动词或所给动词的适当形式完成下列句子I ・ A journal is not necessarily a reliable record of facts, for the writer's impressions ________ colour the telling of eve nts.2. There _______ be any difficulty about winning the speech con test now that you*re well prepared for it.3. ——They are said to have been familiar with each other.—But they _______ have been. They were introduced only hours ago.4. — Who is the man standing there?——If you _____ know, his name is Mike・5. ——Why wasn*t John hired for the job ?—I don't know, but he ________ ・6. — Mom! Jack has broken a cup!——Does n't matter.Accide nts _____ h appe n.7. Every one prese nt certainly thinks there ________ b e a total ban on cigarette advertisi ng.8. — Can I go now, sir?——If you _____ leave, do it quietly.9. If you had arrived at the station ten minutes earlier, you ________ (catch) the train.10. If he were you, he _______ (miss) the concert last night.II ______________ ・ You n ever be careful eno ugh whe n you cross the road ・12. —How old are you, madam?——If you ______ know, Tm twice my son's age・13・ They insisted that the boy _______ (go) with them.14. When she was a little girl, she ________ s it by the window every evening, deep in thought.15. The soldier paid for the seat, when he ________ (enter) free.16. We _______ (receive) the letter yesterday, but it didn't arrive.17. I really regretted wasting the hours when I ________ (study) hard, but it was too late.18. Marie called me up last night but I didn't hear it. I ________ (be) asleep.IV •完成句子1 ・ Harry is feeling uncomfortable. He _______ .(一定是喝得太多了)at the party last night.2. — Why are your eyes so red? You _______ (不可能睡好觉)last night.— Yeah, I stayed up late writing a report.3. We _______ (本来不必买)so much food now that Suzie won't be with us for dinner.V.根据汉语提示，用括号内的英语单词完成句子1 ・ If he had lain quietly as the doctor instructed , he ________ (suffer) so much now.要是他按照医生要求的那样静静地躺着，他现在就不那么受罪了。
考点4 语法填空(2018·全国卷Ⅰ·语法填空)话题:动物保护词数:189难度:★★★Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asia’s biggest building, and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me, pandas are its top61 (attract).So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base, where ticket money helps pay for research. I 62(allow)to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre. From tomorrow, I will be their UK ambassador. The title will be63 (official)given to me at a ceremony in London. But my connection with pandas goes back64my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s,65 I was the first Western TV reporter66(permit)to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. My ambassadorial duties will include67 (introduce)British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research centre in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.On my recent visit, I held a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by68(it)mother. The nursery team switches him every few69(day)with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed, 70other is with mum—she never suspects.61.【解析】attraction。
专题1 语法填空【构建知识体系】2015-2017年全国高考本专题考查分布明细统计（新课标I卷）动词形容词副词名词代词冠词介词连词2015年 4 0 2 1 2 0 1 0 2016年 3 0 1 2 1 1 1 1 2017年 4 1 1 1 0 1 1 1【考纲解读】考试大纲要求考纲解读《普通高中英语课程标准(实验)》明确指出：高中学生应该学习和掌握的英语语言基础知识包括语音、词汇、语法、功能和话题等五个方面的内容(教育部)。
考查考生对语法、词汇和语用知识的掌握情况。
语篇型语法填空则更侧重考查考生语法和词汇在语境中的运用，强调词汇的变形。
同时强调语篇分析能力，凸显交际性和语境化特征。
【剖析全国高考真题】——预测高考命题方向1.【2017·新课标I】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
There has been a recent trend in the food service industry toward lower fat content and less salt. This trend, which was started by the medical community（医学界） 1 a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side 2 (effect) such as overweight and heart disease—the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required 3 (process) the foodthat we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions. When fat and salt 4 (remove) from food, the food tastes as if is missing something. As 5 result, peoplewill eat more food to try to make up for that something missing. Even 6 (bad), the amountof fast food that people eat goes up. Fast food 7 (be) full of fat and salt; by 8 (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack(吃点心) between mealsand will improve the taste of your food. However, be 9 (care) not to go to extremes. Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, 10 is not good for the health.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。
文章讲述了对于食物中的脂肪和盐分，人们的态度不一。
脂肪和盐分对于健康来说是必不可少的，但如果人们摄入过多的脂肪和盐分，自身的健康将会收到损害。
1. as 考查介词。
句意：这个做法最初是医学界作为一种对抗心脏病的形式开始的。
as表示“做为，以...身份”，故填as。
2. effects 考查单复数。
分析语境可知作者表达的意思是“一些不为人知的副作用”，根据前文的some可知“副作用side effect”有很多，故填effects。
3. to process 考查不定式。
句意：他们被要求加工食物 require表示“要求”， require sb. to do sth.表示“要求某人做某事”，被动形式为“sb. be required to do sth.”，表示“某人被要求做某事”。
故填to process。
4. are removed 考查被动语态。
句意：当脂肪和盐分从食物中被去掉分析可知fat，salt和move之间是被动关系，脂肪和盐分是被人们去掉，所以用被动语态。
故填are removed。
5. a 考查冠词。
固定短语as a result表示“结果”，句意：结果，人们将吃更多的食物去弥补损失的东西。
故填a。
9. careful 考查形容词。
句意：然而，注意不要走极端。
分析语境可知be后面应该用形容词做表语，故填careful。
10. which 考查非限制性定语从句。
句意：很可能摄入过多的脂肪和盐，那对健康没有好处。
分析可知which is not good for the health为非限制性定语从句，先行词为前文中的have to o much of both“摄入过多的脂肪和盐”。
故填which。
【名师点睛】语法填空题的考查形式为：在一篇200词左右的语篇（短文或对话）中留出10处空白，部分空白的后面给出单词的基本形式，要求考生根据上下文填写空白处所需的内容或所提供单词的正确形式，所填写词语不得多于3个单词。
考生须灵活运用语法知识，如单词词性、单词时态、名词单复数、连接词、代词、冠词等判断各空白处应填写的内容。
具体考查形式有以下几种：一、给出动词基本形态，填写词性词形转化(转为名词、形容词)，或填写谓语部分，可能需要填写两个或三个词，或是填写非谓语动词；二、给出形容词，需要填写比较级、最高级，或词性词形转化，转化为副词，或是填写反义词(前缀)；三、给出副词，填写比较级、最高级，或是填写反义词；四、不给提示词，主要填写介词、连词、冠词和代词。
有提示词：考查谓语动词，非谓语动词，形容词，副词例如第2题has had some unintended side 2 (effect) such as overweight and heart disease，给出了提示词effect。
考生可以从词性变化和单复数两方面考虑，effect可变为形容词effective，变为副词effectively，分析语境可知划线处应该填名词，不需要做词性上的变化。
所以考生可以从单复数方面考虑，根据划线处前的some可知应该填名词的复数形式。
所以考生可以确定正确答案为effects。
无提示词：考查冠词，介词，连词，代词例如第10题it is possible to have too much of both, 10 is not good for the health. 结合语境可知作者要表达“很可能摄入过多的脂肪和盐，那对健康没有好处”的意思。
分析可知which is notgood for the health为非限制性定语从句，先行词为前文中的have too much of both“摄入过多的脂肪和盐”，所以填which。
2. 【2017·新课标II】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In 1863the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London. It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible __1__(crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and ___2__ word. It took three years to complete and was built using an interesting method. This included digging up the road, ____3___(lay) the track and then building a strong roof over___4___ top. When all those had been done, the road surface was replaced.Steam engines ___5__(use) to pull the carriages and it must have been___6__(fair)unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise. However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25,000 people were using___7__ every day.Later, engineers ____8___(manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels (隧道）, which became known to the tube. This development was only possible with the ___9___ (introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts. The central London Railway was one of the most ___10___(success) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900. It had white-painted tunnels and bright red carriages, and proved extremely popular with the public.【解析】5.were used考查被动语态，根据句意：蒸汽发动机“被用于”拉货物，故填were used.6.fairly 考查副词，这里fair是形容词，pleasant也是形容词，所以需要将fair变为副词来修饰形容词，故填fairly.7.it考查代词，这里用it指代前句的railway,故填it.8.managed 考查动词，本文全篇都是一般过去时，所以这里也应用一般过去时，故填managed.9.introduction考查词性转换，空格前是the,后面应该是名词，故填名词introduction.10.successful考查形容词，空格前是most,其后要跟形容词构成最高级，故填successful.【名师点睛】在语法填空中，我们要特别注意词性转换题。
