动词虚拟语气
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动词虚拟语气知识精讲虚拟语气是说话人的一种假设。
1. 条件状语从句条件状语从句可分为真实条件句，即与事实相吻合的情况；和非真实条件句，即与事实相反的情况。
（1）真实条件句：if条件句中的谓语动词用一般现在时，主句中用一般将来时或情态动词：If you want to know the truth，go and ask him. 如果你想知道事实真相的话，去问他。
If it is fine tomorrow，you can go fishing. 如果明天天好，你可以去钓鱼。
If he comes back early today，he will come to the cinema with us. 今天如果他早回来的话，他将和我们一起去看电影。
（2）与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句：if条件句中的谓语动词用一般过去时，be动词用were，主句中用would/should/could/might do…If I were you，I would not be so angry. 如果我是你的话，我不会那么生气。
If I had a lot of money now，I would buy a car. 如果我现有很多钱，我会买辆小汽车。
（3）与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句：if条件句中的谓语动词用had＋过去分词，主句用would/should/could/might have＋过去分词：If you had previewed the text，you wouldn't have failed to answer the question. 如果你预习过课文的话，你不会回答不出这个问题的。
If you had been more careful，you wouldn't have made so many silly mistakes. 如果你仔细些的话，你不会犯那么多的傻错误。
（4）混合的虚拟条件句：即订条件从句中表示的意思和现在事实相反，而主句中的意思与过去事实相反，或订从句中所表示的与过去事实相反，主句所表示的与现在事实相反。
例如：If I were you，I wouldn't have told him the truth.Now he is unhappy. 如果我是你的话，我是不会告诉他事实真相的。
现在他不高兴了。
If you had taken his advice，you would be better. 如果你早接受他的忠告的话，你现在的身体应该好些了。
（5）与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句：if条件句中的谓语动词用should＋原形动词，或were to＋原形动词或动词过去式，主句的动词用would/should/could/might＋原形动词：If there should be a storm，it wouldn't be so hot. 如果有暴雨的话，天就不会那么热了。
（这种可能性很小）If should be fine，we would go outing. 如果天好的话，我们去郊游。
（几乎没这种可能）（6）非真实条件句的倒装：如果非真实条件句，if从句中含有should、had和were，那么主谓可倒装，省略if。
如：Were I you，I would go to the exhibition. 如果我是你的话，我会去展览会的。
Should it rain tomorrow，we would stay at home. 明天如果下雨的话，我们将呆在家里。
Had he failed in English，he wouldn't have been so happy. 如果他英语不及格的话，他不会那么高兴的。
2. wish＋that从句wish＋that从句，从句中要用虚拟语气。
that可省略。
如：（1）与现在事实相反，从句中的谓语动词用一般过去时，be动词用were.I wish that he were here. 我愿他在这里。
I wish that I didn't have so much housework to do. 我希望我没有那么多的作业要做。
（2）与过去事实相反，从句中的谓语动词用过去完成时。
如：I wish that I hadn't told him the truth. 我真希望我没有把事实真相讲给他听过。
（3）与将来会发生的或产生的结果相反，从句中的谓语动词用would＋原形动词：I wish that everyone in the class would pass the exam. 我但愿班上的每个人都能通过考试。
* hope和expect同样有“希望”、“盼望”之意，但它们后接的that从句不用虚拟语气，而用陈述语气。
如：I hope that he will be a doctor. 我希望他能成为一名医生。
I expect that he will help us. 我期待他会来帮助我们。
3. suggest（建议），insist（坚持），demand，propose，require，advise，order，request 等后接宾语从句，从句中的谓语动词应该用should＋原形动词，should可以省略。
They suggested that we.（should）take a rest. 他们建议我们休息一下。
He insisted that we（should）do it in this way. 他坚持我们应该用这种方法去做。
以上这些动词转化为名词作主语，后接表语从句或后接同位语从句，从句中的谓语动词也同样应该用（should）＋原形动词的虚拟形式。
should可以省略。
如：My suggestion is that we-（should）do it as quickly as we could. 我的建议是我们应该尽快地把它做好。
His suggestion that we（should）spend our holiday in the mountains has been adopted by the manager. 他的去山里度假的建议已被经理采纳。
同样，以上动词用于It is suggested＋that的结构中，也要用虚拟语气。
4. 在某些结构中用虚拟语气：（1）if only“要是……就好了”，相当于wish，表示未能实现的愿望。
一般说来，主句可以省略。
If only he studied harder. 他学习再努力点就好了。
If only he hadn't died. 如果他没有死就好了。
If only I could go with you. 要是我能和你一起去该多好。
（2）as if/as though引导的方式状语从句中的谓语动词也可用虚拟语气。
形式与wish＋that从句相同。
如：She looks as if she were over fifty。
她看上去好像已有50岁出头了。
He talks as if nothing had happened. 他讲起话来好像什么也没发生过似的。
*根据实际情况，as if后的从句中也可用陈述语气。
如：It looks as if it is a fine day today. 今天看上去是个好天。
（3）so that，in order that，incase，lest等引导的目的状语从句，从句中可用虚拟语气，形式为should/would/could/might等情态动词＋原形动词：He takes every chance to practise English so that he. could improve it.他抓紧每个机会练习英语，为了能提高。
I put a key to the door in the corner of the letter box in case I should forget to bring one with me. 我把门的钥匙放在报箱的一个角落里，以防万一我忘带钥匙。
（4）I'd rather＋从句。
从句中的谓语动词用虚拟语气，形式为过去式：I'd rather he forgot it 我倒希望他忘了。
I'd rather he hadn't come. 我倒希望他没来。
（5）It's a pity or strange/surprising/important/natural/necessary/no wonder ）等后接that 从句。
从句中的谓语动词用should ＋原形动词，表示遗憾、惊奇、怀疑、重要、不满等语气。
但也可用陈述语气，那么感情色彩就不那么浓了。
如： It's a pity that he should fail the test. 很遗憾他居然测验会不及格。
It's a pity that he failed the test. 很遗憾，他测验不及格。
:,that time s It'that time about s It')6(thattime high s It'去式表示虚拟从句中的谓语动词用过定语从句+⎪⎭⎪⎬⎫ It's high time that we telephoned him. 是我们该打电话给他的时候了。
（7）含蓄条件句：非真实条件句不用订从句表示出来，而是包含在上下文中。
这一类叫含蓄条件句。
如： a. 含有or ，otherwise ，but for ，without …等的含蓄条件句：He must have been mad ，or he wouldn't have quarreled with his parents. 他肯定是疯了，否则他不会和他的父母吵起来。
We wouldn't have succeeded in making the experiment without you/your help. 要不是有你/你的帮助，我们不可能成功地做这个实验的。
I couldn't have found my lost wallet but for your help. 如果不是你帮助的话，我找不回我遗失的钱包的。
b. 条件含在上下文中：We would have done “better ，but we didn't have enough time. 我们是可以做得好些的，但我们没有足够的时间。
5. 用于习惯用语： I would like to have a talk with you. 我想和你谈一谈。
