人教版初中英语语法定语从句 ppt课件
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初中英语语法—定语从句
定义:定语从句(Attributive Clauses)在句中做定语,修饰一个名词或代词。定语从句在句中的作用相当于形容词,所以又称为形容词性从句。被修饰的名词或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。
关系词 关系代词有:who, whom, whose, that, which
关系副词有:when, where, why
关系词作用:1起连接作用2替代作用3成分作用
Mary is a beautiful girl.
(形容词作定语)
Mary is a girl who has long hair.
(句子作定语,修饰girl,叫做定语从句。)
Mary is a girl who has long hair.
先行词 关系词
根据定语从句与先行词的关系,定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词,主句与从句不用逗号分开,从句不可省去。非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开,起补充说明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。
This is the car which I bought last month.
The car, which I bought last month, is very nice.
一、关系代词(who, whom, whose, that, which)
1.当先行词指人时,用关系代词that/who在从句中作主语或宾语。whom在从句中作宾语。
如:The man who/ that gave a speech on TV is the president.
昨天在电视上演讲的人是总统。(作主语)
This is the strange man that/who/whom I met yesterday.
定语从句中关系副词的用法-初中英语语法
when 既可引导限制性定语从句,又可引导非限制性定语从句。先行词是时间名词,在从句中充当时间状语,相当于“介词+which”。如:
Can you tell me the time when the film will start?—Can
you tell me the time at which the film will start? 请告诉我电影什么时候开始好吗?(限制性定语从句)
I will never forget the day, when I joined the Party. —I
will never forget the day, on which I joined the Party. 我入党的那一天,我永远不会忘记。(非限制性定语从句)
关系副词where的用法
where既可引导限制性定语从句,又可引导非限制性定语从句。先行词是地点名词,在从句中充当地点状语,相当于:“介词+which”。如:
This is the school where I studied a few years ago. —This is the school in which I studied a few years ago. 这就是我几年前所在读书的学校。
Let’s go to the concert, where you will find much fun.
—Let’s go to the concert, in which you will find much fun.
我们去音乐演唱会吧,在那里你会找到很大的乐趣。
关系副词why的用法
why只能引导限制性定语从句,先行词只有reason一词,在从句中充当原因状语,相当于:“for + which”。如:
Do you know the reason why he is not here now?—Do you
初中英语语法之--------定语从句ABC 请听我来告诉你
2015中招备考之“定语从句” 第 1 页 共 4 页 侧重河南 面向全国 A篇----定义篇 定语从句不神秘,它是句子做定语。 被修“名代”称“先行”,“先行先行”必先行, 定语从句其后定,中有导词要分清。 1、Sorry, The phone you are calling is power off, please dial it later. (对不起,您所拨打的电话已关机,请稍后再拨!) 2、I will never forget the days when I lived in the country with my friends. 3、I will never forget the days that/which we spent in the country with my friends. (关系词定语从句的两种主要样式图示主句主语(先行词)+(引导词(关系词)+从句主语+ 从句谓语)主句从句12主句主语+主句谓语+(先行词)+(引导词)+从句主语+ 从句谓语)主句从句+主句谓语2014.8主句主句 B篇----导词篇 定语从句引导词,充当从句一成分。 定从导词咋判断:“缺啥补啥”是关键。 That/which/whom/who,它在句中做宾主; 指人首选whom、who,(主who /宾可who) Which只能用于物,唯有that两兼顾。 When时间、why原因、where地点后面跟; 定从之中缺定语,只有whose最适宜。 保密初中英语语法之--------定语从句ABC 请听我来告诉你
2015中招备考之“定语从句” 第 2 页 共 4 页 侧重河南 面向全国 C篇----which篇 Which用于物,that也指物, 物后导词咋判断: 别为难、别难为,介加which解你围。 That---which不犯克,还有前面逗号隔。 D篇----that篇 不定代词作先行,选用that特补丁; 先行词包含人和物,选用that两兼顾。 先行词前莫忘记,序数、形容最高级, Just、 the only; very 、same、 last。 E篇----说明篇 引导词不要忘,主宾定状这四样, 关系代词作宾语,省与不省全靠你。 关系副词可替换,介词加上关系代, 关系代,关系代,that与who要除外, 挑选介词要聪明,必看动词和先行。 只记上边不可以,特殊情况告诉你: “one of +复”作先行,从句谓语复数用, only/very之后one,从句谓语要用单。 【趁热打铁】 把引导词填在题干横线上认真体会体会:引导词在定语从句中所充当的成分(“主宾定状”这四样,“缺啥补啥”不能忘)。 1.I know the reason ____________ he did so. 2.I know the reason_____________ he explained at the meeting. A. when B.why C. that D.where 3.Do you remember the day _______he came to see you? 4.Do you remember the day_______ we spent in the countryside? A. when B.why C. that D.where 5.This is the house__________ he lived. 6.This is the house__________ he visited. A. when B.why C. that D.where 7.Is this museum ___________ they visited last month? 8.Is this the museum _____ they visited last month? A. when B. where C. which D. the one 保密初中英语语法之--------定语从句ABC 请听我来告诉你
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学习资料 中学英语宾语从句语法讲解
[宾语从句歌诀]
宾语从句三姊妹,that,if/whether,wh-/how展风采。
展风采有三关,引导词、语序、时态在把关。
主从时态要一致,陈述语序永不变。
陈述请你选that,疑问需用if/whether连。
特殊问句作宾从,原来问词不用换。
三关过后莫得意,人称、标点需注意。
留意变脸的if/when,从句的简化记心间。
[歌诀解码]
一、三姊妹
宾语从句根据引导词的不同可分为三种类型:
1. 由that引导的宾语从句。如:
We knew (that)we should learn from each other.
2. 由if/whether引导的宾语从句。如:
Please tell me if/whether you have been to America.
3. 由who,where,how等连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句。如:
Can you tell me how I can get to the nearest post office?
二、三关
1. 引导词关
如果从句是陈述句,引导词用that(that在口语或非正式文体中常省略);如果从句是一般疑问句,引导词用if/whether;如果从句是特殊疑问句,引导词用由疑问词转换而来的疑问代词/副词。
2. 语序关
①陈述句变为宾语从句,语序不变,即仍用陈述语序。如:
He is an honest boy. The teacher said. →The teacher said(that)he was an honest boy.
②一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句,语序变为陈述语序。如: