初三英语动词专题及专项练习(含答案)

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动词

动词的含义

动词是表示动作或状态的词,在句子中做谓语.动词的基本形式: 动词原形、 过去式、 现在分词和过去分词。

动词的种类:

类别 特点 举例

及物动词(vt) 跟宾语 I like music.

不及物动词(vi) 不跟宾语 It rained last night。

系动词 跟表语 I am a doctor. She is a nurse.

We are very happy。

助动词 跟动词原形或分词

I don't like playing basketball。

I have seen this movie before.

情态动词 跟动词原形 She can speak Japanese.

动词时态

一般现在时 (3种结构)

表示经常性、习惯性的动作;或普遍真理、客观事实;或某种状态。

“主·谓·(宾)"结构

Peter always spends too much time playing computer games。

Alice usually goes to school by bus in the morning.

I like listening to classical music.

“There· be”结构

There is a map on the wall.

There are some birds in the sky.

“主·系·表”结构

It’s very cold today.

The earth is bigger than the moon.

My father is a teacher.

动词第三人称单数

动词特征 构成 例词

一般过去时 (3种结构)

表示发生在过去的动作。在一般过去时的句子中, 动词必须用过去式.

动词过去式 及 过去分词的构成

规则变化

构成法 词例

(1) 一般情况下加 ed work -- worked —- worked

play —- played —- played

(2) 以 e 结尾的,加 d live —— lived -— lived

like —- liked -- liked

(3) 以“辅音字母 + y” 结尾的,改 y为i, 再加 ed. study -- studied -— studied

cry —— cried -— cried

(4) 以重读闭音节 或 r音节 结尾,且末尾只有一个辅音字母的词,要双写这个辅音字母,再加 ed。 stop —- stopped -- stopped

prefer -— preferred -- preferred

refer—referred-referred

occur—occurred—occurred

不规则变化 (参考课本)

一般过去时常见的提示: yesterday; the day before yesterday; last(week/ month/

year/Sunday —-)

this ——-;just now; ——— ago; after —-—; when --- 等等. 一般动词 词尾加s like—likes

以ch,sh,s,o,x结尾

记忆技巧:吃(ch)蛇(sh,s)后喝XO 词尾加es teach-teaches

do-does

go-goes

wash—washes

pass-passes

mix—mixes

fax—faxes(发送传真)

以y结尾 辅音字母+y,变y为i,再加es study-studies

carry-carries

try—tries

元音字母+y,直接加s play-plays

stay-stays

say-says

注:当谓语动词是行为动词时,肯定句用动词的过去式表达,构成疑问句或否定句时,需借助did或didn’t构成,谓语动词要还原成原形。例如:

I went to the zoo yesterday。

My mother didn’t go to the park last weekend.

Did Jim come to see you last night?

现在进行时

表示目前正在发生或进行的动作。 (只有延续性动词有进行时; 非延续性动词没有进行时 )

主语 + 系动词(am / is / are )+ 现在分词

现在分词的构成

构成法

词例

(1) 一般情况下加 ing. work —— working; learn —— learning

(2) 以 e 结尾的,去掉e,再加 ing. live -- living; take -- taking

(3) 以重读闭音节 或 r 音节 结尾,且末尾只有一个

辅音字母的词,要双写这个辅音字母,再加 ing。 sit -— sitting; stop -- stopping

chat -- chatting; refer -- referring

(4) 以 ie 结尾的,要改ie 为y,再加 ing。 tie -- tying; lie -- lying

现在进行时的标志:Look; Listen; now; at the moment / at present

Look。 Alice is reading a magazine over there.

Listen. Peter is singing a Chinese song.

Alice is talking to Peter now。

I’m learning Japanese at the moment.

特殊情况: 非延续性动词 没有进行时,它们的现在分词形式 表示 将来时。

主语 + ( am / is / are ) + 非延续性动词的现在分词:表示将来时。

I'm going to school now。

Mary is leaving for New York soon。

Spring Festival is coming。

I’m arriving in Beijing。

过去进行时

表示在过去的某时正在发生或进行的动作.

主语 + 系动词(was / were )+ 现在分词

David was doing his homework at 8 o'clock yesterday.

I was doing my homework at his time yesterday。

Tom was having breakfast when Mary called him。

一般将来时

表示将要发生的动作,或计划或打算作某事。

主语 + will + 动词原形

主语 + ( am / is / are ) + going to + 动词原形

主语 + ( am / is / are

) + 非延续性动词的 现在分词:

例如:

I will tell you the good news.

John is going to visit Hangzhou next week.

My father is coming to Qingdao tomorrow。

一般将来时常见的提示:

tomorrow; the day after tomorrow; next week; in the future; in three days;

this evening, soon, at the end of this term

一般将来时的用法

1. 表示将来的动作或状态。例如:

We will get to Shanghai tomorrow。

2. 在“祈使句+and/or+句子”这个结构中,“句子”用一般将来时.例如:

Get up early, and you will catch the early bus。