2010年南京大学英语专业语言学真题试卷_真题(含答案与解析)-交互

2010年南京大学英语专业（语言学）真题试卷

(总分46, 做题时间90分钟)

1. 区分题

1.

Distinguish the following pairs of terms. Clarify the differences

with appropriate examples.(20/150)homonymy vs. polysemy

SSS_TEXT_QUSTI

该题您未回答:х 该问题分值: 2

答案:

正确答案：Homonymy refers to the phenomenon that words having

different meanings have the same form, that is, different words are

identical in sound or spelling, or in both. When two words are

identical in sound, they are homophones, such as rain/reign. When two

words are identical in spelling, they are homographs, such as tear v.

/tear n. When two words are identical in both sound and spelling,

they **plete homonyms, such as fast adj. /fast v. Polysemy refers to

the phenomenon that the same one word may have more than one meaning.

Such a word is called a polysemic or polysemous word. The **monly

used a word is, the more likely it has acquired more than one

meaning. For example, the word table has many meanings, such as(1)a

piece of furniture.(2)orderly arrangements of facts, figures, etc.

解析：(考查同音／同形异义现象与一词多义现象)

2.

entailment vs. presupposition

SSS_TEXT_QUSTI

该题您未回答:х 该问题分值: 2

答案:

正确答案：Entailment is a relation of inclusion. If X entails Y, the

meaning of X is included in Y. Analyzing the relation of entailment

in terms of truth condition, we come to the following conclusions: If

X is true, Y is necessarily true. If X is false, Y may be true or

false. For example, X: He has been to France. Y: He has been to

Europe. Similar to entailment, presupposition is a semantic

relationship or logical connection. Analyzing the relation of

presupposition in terms of truth condition, we can conclude: If X is

true, Y must be true. If X is false, Y is still true. For example, X;

John"s bike needs repairing. Y; John has a bike.

解析：(考查语义学中的蕴涵与预设)

3.

surface structure vs. deep structure

SSS_TEXT_QUSTI

该题您未回答:х 该问题分值: 2

答案:

正确答案：There are two levels of syntactic structure. The one formed

by the XP rule in accordance with the head"s sub-categorization

properties, is called deep structure. The other one, corresponding to

the final syntactic form of the sentence which results from

appropriate transformations, is called surface structure. The

organization of the **ponent of the grammar can be depicted below;

The XP Rule ↓ DEEP STRUCTURE←(Sub-categorization restricts choices

of complements) ↓ Transformations ↓ SURFACE STRUCTURE For example;

Would **e tomorrow? Deep structure;/Surface structure;/

解析：(考查句法学中的表层结构与深层结构)

4.

endophoric reference vs. exophoric reference

SSS_TEXT_QUSTI

该题您未回答:х 该问题分值: 2

答案:

正确答案：An endophoric reference refers to something inside the text

in which the reference is found. It includes two types; anaphoric

reference and cataphoric reference. An anaphoric reference refers to

something within a text that has been previously identified. For

example, in "Susan dropped the plate. It shattered loudly" , the word

"it" refers to the phrase "the plate". A cataphoric reference refers

to something within the text that has not yet been identified. For

example, in "He was very cold. David promptly put on his coat" , the

identity of the "he" is unknown until the individual is referred to

as "David". An exdophoric reference refers to language outside of the

text in which the reference is found. For example, the meaning of the

phrase "the Queen" may be determined by the country in which it is

spoken. Because there are many Queens throughout the world, and the

location of the speaker provides the extra information that allows an

individual Queen to be identified.

解析：(考查言内照应与言外照应)

2. 单项选择题

1.

For each group of items in the following, point out which item does

not fall under the same category as the rest and explain the reason

in ONE sentence.

SSS_SINGLE_SEL

A

ex p ensive

B

re p eat

C

s p ring

D

cons p iracy[Focus on the pronunciation of "p"]

该题您未回答:х 该问题分值: 2

答案:B

解析：The pronunciation of "p" is aspirated in B, while in the other

three words, "P" is unaspirated because it is after the sound /s/.

(考查字母p在音位／s／后的发音)

2.

SSS_SINGLE_SEL

A

co n siderate

B

to n icity

C

poi n tless

D

i n consistency[Focus on the pronunciation of "n"]

该题您未回答:х 该问题分值: 2

答案:D

解析：The pronunciation of "n" is transformed into the sound //

when it is followed by the sound /k/, while in the other three words,

it is pronounced as /n/. (考查字母n在音位／k／前面的软腭化)

3.

SSS_SINGLE_SEL

A

number s

B

classroom s

C

island s