含有情态动词的疑问句【篇一：含有情态动词的疑问句】情态动词有一定的意义,表示人的看法和态度,不表示动作或状态,因而不能单独做谓语,必须和实意动词或系动词的原形一起构成谓语,没有人称和数的变化.把情态动词放在句首、句尾用问号便构成疑问句；在其后加上not或never等否定词就构成否定句.如：my mother can drive. 我妈会开车.my mother can’t drive. 我妈不会开车.can your mother drive? 你妈会开车吗?can’t your mother drive? 你妈不会开车吗?you needn’t look at me like that. 你不必那样瞧着我.常用的情态动词有can, could; may, might; must; should; need; dare; ought to 等.（一）can/could 的用法1、表示具备某种“能力”,但不一定做事情.仅仅表示有能力而已.can 表示现在；could表示过去.如：the nine-year old boy can swim across the river. 那个九岁的男孩能游过那条河.can you swim across the river? 你能游过那条河吗?i could do such things then, but i can’t now. 我那时候能做这样的事情,但现在不能了.we couldn’t get the truck to start. 我们发动不了那辆卡车.2、表示“请求”（疑问句中）、“允许”.could 比 can 委婉；两者都指现在.回答一律用 can 或 cannot, 也可以用mustn’t. 如：can /could i smoke here? 我可以在这里抽烟吗?yes, you can. 是的,你可以.no, you cannot smoke here. 你不能在这里抽烟.you can go now. 你现在可以走了.could you lend me $55? 你能借给我55美圆吗?yes, of course. 当然可以.no, i cannot/i’m sorry i cannot. 不,不行/对不起,恐怕不行.could you tell me where john is? 你能告诉我约翰在哪儿吗?3、表示“可能性”. 但是并不牵涉到是否真会发生：都可以表示现在和将来,只是could的语气更加不肯定.如that can/could be very awkward. 那可就太尴尬了.can/could it be true? 那会/可能是真的.that can’t/couldn’t be true. 那不可能是真的.will you answer the phone? it could be your mother. 你去接电话好吗?可能是你妈妈.what can/could they be doing? 他们可能会在干吗呢?could/can they be chatting in his office? 他们可能在他办公室里聊天吗?no, they can’t/couldn’t be doing that now. 不, 现在他们不可能在做那事.（二）may/might 的用法1、表示允许或请求允许；might语气更礼貌：may i turn on the tv? 我可以把电视打开吗?you may go home now. 你现在可以回家了.she asked if she might have my bike. 她问是否可以借用我的自行车.he told me i might go and see him any time. 他和我说我可在任何时候去见他.can/could和may/might 都可以表示允许和请求允许.can最直截了当；could 礼貌客气；may 既尊重又婉转礼貌；might 带者太多的虚礼,所以很少使用.如：直截了当 can i ask you for help?礼貌客气 could i尊重婉转 may i（虚礼）尊重婉转 might i对所有这些问句的肯定回答：yes, of course. yes, you can/may.对所有这些问句的否定回答：no, you can’t/may not /mustn’t /i’m afraid not.2、表示可能性,是“也许”之意.这时may和might无时间上的差别,只是might在语气上更不肯定一些.如：you may/might have some fever. 你也许发烧了.he said that the news might be true. 他说这消息可能是真的.they may/might be having a bath. 他们也许正在洗澡.we may be buying a new house. 我们也许要买个新房子.表示可能性时,may/might不用于疑问句,可用can/could或别的说法.如：is it likely to rain, do you think? 会下雨吗,你认为?（不说may it rain?）can/could they be having a bath? 他们可能正在洗澡吗?（三）must的用法1、表示义务、命令或劝告,是“必须”之意.对自己、对别人均可：we must take this seriously. 我们必须严肃对待这事.you must tell me the truth. 你必须和我说实话.patients must use medicine according to the doctor’s orders. 病人用药必须遵医嘱.在回答由must引起的问题时,如果是否定回答,多用needn’t 或don’t have to,表示“不必、没必要”；而mustn’t表示“绝对不行、不可以”的意思,有时用来回答can或may开头的问句,表示口气很强的不允许：must the ladies wear dresses? no, they don’t have to/they needn’t. 女士们必须着连衣裙吗?不,不必.can/may i come in? no, you can’t/mustn’t. 可以进来吗?不行/绝对不行.must 仅用于表示现在和未来.其他时态用have to.但在间接引语中可用must表示过去:i had to leave early because i wasn’t feeling well. 我不得不早点离开,因为我觉得不舒服.you’ll have to take care of the child. 你将不得不照顾这个孩子. she has had to work over ten hours a day. 她一直不得不每天工作十几个小时.they decided they must stop smoking. 他们决定他们必须戒烟.he asked me if he must leave at once and i told him he didn’t have to. 他问我是否他必须马上离开,我告诉他不必.2、表示推测,是“肯定、一定”之意.此时,must只用于肯定句.在否定句或疑问句中,用can/could：there must be a mistake. 准是弄错了.can/could there be a mistake 可能会有错吗?there can’t/couldn’t be a mistake. 不可能会有错吗?he must be over sixty now. 他肯定六十多岁了.he can’t/couldn’t be sixty now. 他现在不会是六十岁.can/could he be over sixty now? 他现在会有六十多岁吗?they must be watching the news now. 他们这会儿肯定在看新闻. they can’t/couldn’t be watching the news now. 他们这会儿不可能在看新闻.can/could they be watching the news now? 他们这会儿可能在看新闻吗?我们先对表示“推测”的表达法作一个总结：（1）表示对现在和将来状况的推测：must 一定,may 可能,might 也许,can’t 不可能.从“一定”到“不可能”,可能性逐渐降低.（2）对已经过去的情况的推测：must, may, might, can’t/couldn’t 这些词后面分别加上have + 过去分词,表示“一定…”,“可能…”, “也许…”,“不可能…”.从“一定”到“不可能”,可能性逐渐降低.（四）need的用法作为情态动词,need一般只用于否定句和疑问句中.you needn’t try to explain. 你不需要解释.she needn’t come tomorrow. 她明天不必来.need we stay here this evening? 今晚我们需要在这儿住下来吗? need 作为实意动词比作为情态动词常用的多.实意动词need 可用在所有句型中.she needs to come tomorrow. 明天她需要来.you don’t need any help from others. 你不需要别人的任何帮助. he doesn’t need to borrow money. 他不需要借钱.do they need this? 他们需要这个吗?you don’t need to work so hard. 你不需要这么样地努力工作.your shoes need cleaning/to be cleaned. 你的鞋子需要清洁.the job doesn’t need much attention or time. 这份工作很省心省事.what he needs is a good beating. he needs a good beating. 需要好好揍他一顿.（五）dare的用法情态动词dare通常用于疑问句,否定句和条件状语从句中,表示“敢”的意思：dare he swim across the river? 他敢游过这条河吗?he dare not come to see me. 他不敢来见我.i dare not say so. 我不敢这样说.she dare not go out of the house. 她不敢走出房间.how dare you be so rude! 你竟敢如此无礼!if you dare speak to me like this again, you’ll be sorry. 如果你胆敢再和我那样说话,你会感到遗憾的.实际上,在现代英语中,dare往往用做实意动词：do you dare to ask her? 你敢问她吗?he didn’t dare to go. 他不敢去.i would never dare to jump down from the wall. 我永远也不敢从那堵墙上跳下来.does anyone dare to call me a liar? 有谁敢说我是个说谎者吗?（六）should/ought to的用法两者大多数情况下可以互换.1、表示道义上的责任,义务或要求,有时表示劝告.ought to的否定式为ought not to /oughtn’t to.如：you ought to /should pay more attention to what your lawyer says. 你应该更多的注意你律师的话.they shouldn’t allow parking here. the street is too narrow. 这里不应该允许停车,街道太窄了.this word is spelt wrongly. there should be another “s”.这个词拼写错了,还应该有一个“s”.i should go slowly here. it’s a built-up area. 这里我应该慢点儿走.这个地区建筑物多.2. 表示推测和可能性,是“应该”之意. 表示对现在和将来的推测.you ought not to/shouldn’t be sleeping now. it’s already eight o’clock. 你不该还在睡觉,都已经八点了.this pen ought to /should be yours. 这支笔应该是你的.if the train is up to time, john should/ought to be here any minute now. 如果火车晚点的话,john现在马上就应该到了.3、“should/ought to have+过去分词”表示对过去的推测,意思是“应该已经”.有时表示“应该做而没有做”,是“本应该”的意思；“should not/ought not to have+过去分词”表示“做了不应该做的事情”,是“本不该”的意思,因而它们都含有责备的语气：he began two hours ago. he ought to have finished filling in the forms now. 两个钟头前他就开始了,现在应该填完那些表格了.one should have been asleep and the other on watch. 本应该一个睡觉,另一个站岗..you should not have asked him for help. 你本不应该向他求助.4、表示讲话人惊奇,失望,愤怒等感情：what’s happened to that money? how should i know? 那些钱怎么了?－我怎么知道?it’s strange that he should have lost his temper for such trivial things as that. 真奇怪,他竟然为这么小的事情发脾气.why should i believe you? 我为什么要相信你?第三部分“情态动词＋have+ done”的含义1、must have done的含义.“must have＋过去分词”表示对过去的推测,意思是“一定已经,想必已经,准是已经….”,只用于肯定句中.例如：the streets are wet. it must have rained. 街道是湿的,准是下雨了.he must have been drinking beer. 他肯定一直喝啤酒来着.若要表示否定,要用“can’t/couldn’t+ have+过去分词”,意思是“不可能”：the money can’t have been lost there. 钱不可能是在那儿丢的.2、 may/might have done 的含义.“may/might have+过去分词”表示对过去的推测,意思是“也许已经┅,可能已经…”.用于肯定或否定句中.疑问句中用can或could. “might(不是may)have+过去分词”也表示“本来可以…”的意思,含有责备的口气,用来批评人.例如：he may have gone to bed. 他可能已经上床睡觉了.she might not have settled the problem. 她可能尚未解决那个问题.you might have told me earlier. 你本可以早点告诉我的.（埋怨责备）don’t do that agai n. you might have been fired. 别那么干了,会把你解雇的.（责备,警告）you might have succeeded if you had tried. 假如你尝试过,或许已经成功了.（虚拟语气,不满）3、needn’t have done的含义.“needn’t+ have+过去分词”表示“作了不必做或不需要做的事”. 可译成“大可不必”,“本来不需要”.例如：i needn’t have borrowed the money yesterday. 昨天我根本不需要借钱的.（实际上已经借了）you neednt have come so early. 你不必那么早来嘛.4、can/could have done：用来谈过去的情况（1）在疑问句、否定句中,表示怀疑和不可能,这时它们没有时间上的差别,只是could的语气更弱一些：who could have taken them? 谁会把它们拿走了呢?where can he have gone? 他可能到哪儿去了呢?he can’t have taken it home. 他不可能是带回家去了.she couldn’t have left so soon. 她不可能这么快就走了.i don’t see how i could have done otherwise. 我看不出我当时还有别的做法.who could have supposed you were going to do such a thing? 谁会想到你会做出这样的事情.nobody could have foreseen such a calamity. 这样的灾祸谁也不会预想到.（2）could have done(但不是can)在肯定句中,表示“那时本来可以…；差点就要…”,有时用来进行婉转地批评（与might同意,但语气更强一些）：we could have solved the problem in a more reasonable fashion. 这个问题我们本来是可以更合理得解决的.he could have told her, but he did not choose to. 他本来可以告诉她的,但他不愿这样做.when she heard the news, she could have cried. 听了这消息,她简直要哭出来了.i could have died laughing. 我简直要笑死了.you could have been more considerate. 你其实可以想的更周到一些.we could have started a little earlier. 我们其实可以更早一些动身的.the result could have been better. 结果本可以更好一些.5、should/ought to have done的含义. “should/ought to have＋过去分词”表示“过去应该做谋事却没有做”；“should not/ought not to have＋过去分词”表示“做了不应该做的事”.含有责备或遗憾的意思.例如：you shouldn’t /oughtn’t to have come here alone at such a late hour. 你这么晚的时候本不一该一个人来这里的.（实际是一个人来的）she should/ought to have gone there alone. 她本该一个人去那里的.（实际上不是）you should have come here ten minutes earlier. 你本应该早10分钟来才是.the boy shouldn’t have been playing the piano. 那孩子不应该一直在弹钢琴.6、might, may, must表示推测时的区别: may,might, must可表示推测“可能”.根据表示可能性的大小,我们把这三个词排列为：might【篇二：含有情态动词的疑问句】复习：含有be动词的肯定句改为一般疑问句的方法一找找出be动词be动词提前其余照抄句中人称i 变you my变your some变any 情态动词表示说话人（或句子的主语）对某一动作或状态的一种感情和态度，本身具有各种意义，但不能单独作谓语，只能和主要动词一起构成谓 canmay must shallshould 翻译句子。
