模联立场文件(英文)

Delegate: Wang Xi Yin XuediSchool: National Huaqiao UniversityCountry: The United KingdomCommittee: The Food and Agriculture Organization(FAO)Topic: Food SecurityOver recent years, the issue of food security has aroused the world’s attention with a tendency to be even worse. For all that “global per capita food production has been increasing substantially for the past several decades”according to the World Resources Institute, as a matter of fact, the current situation that admits of no optimism. A great number of countries, especially the developing countries, are still facing multiple challenges in food security along with tricky problems such as population explosion, soaring prices, scarcity of resources, extreme climate, impediment of transportation et cetera. And it is extremely urgent to deal with food crisis issue. Aiming at this matter, the international community has taken plenty of feasible measures.T he FAO is engaged in a myriad of different issues, which include maintaining FAOSTAT, and helping alleviate food insecurity in Pakistan and other poor countries where floods washed away the harvest by mobilizing funds from existing projects to purchase and donate 26,000 tons of wheat seed to affected farmers and their families.As a permanent member of the United Nations of the world, we United Kingdom have the responsibility of helping poor countries to get over commissariat problem and providing assistance, sparing no effort to reduce the number of the hunger around the world.Therefore, we United Kingdom solemnly offer the following proposals:First, the countries that use biological fuel should improve the utilization rate of biological fuel and develop new energy technologies.Second, a food security fund should be established to provide food and loan for the countries stricken by unexpected food crisis.Third, curbing speculation by improving the market mechanism and strengthening national supervision is important. The appropriate regulation of food price is necessary.Fourth, the United Kingdom calls upon consummating the transport network to ensure that food can be supplied timely, and doing our best to avoid food contamination.Fifth, every country should guarantee the sufficient area of agricultural land.And last but not the least, we government should carry out relevant policies to ensure the food security.In order to fundamentally solve the food crisis problem, countries in the world need cooperation and joint efforts. Working out the food crisis problem is a significant move which benefits the whole body of mankind. We United Kingdom are willing to stay together and work closely with all countries, making our due contribution to the food security.。

Delegate: xxxSchool: High School Affiliated to Nanjing Normal UniversityCountry: Saudi ArabiaCommittee: United Nations Children’s FundTopic: Child LaborChild labor is one of the most serious human rights issues of our time，although it shows that child labor rates have been decreasing since 2006 at a much slower rate than previously , we still cannot overlook the pretty basic that large child worker populations has never been eliminated completely up to now, and according toILO, in 2010, 215 million children remain involved in child labor despite great efforts to combat this issue.Saudi Arabia has been dealing with this problem seriously,for it doesn’t only endanger the lives of children, but it also impedes national and global economic progress.Various actions have been taken by UNICEF and the ILO. The ILO’s most central goals of “Decent Work for All”is closely tied to the child labor issue.It’s current challenges include universal conversations on child labor—ILO Convention NO.138 and 182 , whichSaudi Arabia has also ratified. The UN also announced a plan several days ago, that they will try to eliminated the child labor populations before 2020. More laws andconventionswhich are directly related to children have beenpassed in many developing and developed countries , as UN and UNICEF kept working with governments of these nations.The Saudi Arabia government has made great efforts in this regard too.As all of us know, the main causes of child labor are poverty, the lack of education and industrialization and modernization of nowadays countries. Social patterns and cultural traditions such as gender discrimination lead to some of the child labor problems as well. So the first thing we should do is to change people’s especially the parents’ mind that no one should be a slave at birth, even the poorest ones. The naturalness of slavery is said to follow from the belief that inequality, inequality is the basic rule between human beings—“All men are created equal ”. Secondly, we government need to carry a torch for more relief programs and try our best to solve the poors’ living problem so that many children in employment will stop working to support their families. Thirdly, more job opportunities for those who are affected by the crisis will be provided.We havebeen committed to improving education in Saudi Arabia for many years, and obviously, many more children are in school now instead of in factories.As for economics, though the global crisis means that developednations will have fewer resources to contribute to fighting this international problem-child labor, we never gave up raising the level of the open economy and using the money to improve our people’s life. The last but not the least, we will do more in strengthening legal system building，new laws which are used to protect children should be made soon, a stronger regulatory framework is needed as well. If necessary, we are willing to provide any economic aid as we can.In the end, we just want to emphasize thatSaudi Arabia will never choose or are forced to ignore child labor, and will never take children’s hopeful life as the cost of industrialization and modernization. Our country’s economies and the well-being of our people will never dependent on child labor.Protecting the children’s rights is every nation’s responsibility.All nations should struggle to maintain the political support to guard their budgets for child labor. The 193 nations that have ratified the CRC should act in the best interests of children to make the world a better place for them.。

For personal use only in study and research; not for commercial use立场文件代表：（或 XX， XX）学校：国家：俄罗斯联邦委员会：经社理事会下属科技发展委员会议题：同性恋全球化趋势问题1989年10月1日，丹麦成为第一个认可同性结合，允许同性伴侣进行登记的国家。

2001年1月1日，荷兰成为第一个法律认可同性婚姻的国家，同性婚姻家庭享有传统家庭所享有的一切待遇。

2002年，挪威、瑞典、冰岛、德国、法国和瑞士认可同性结合登记注册，赋予其大部分传统家庭所享受的权利，其中瑞典允许同性家庭收养孩子。

2009年4月，瑞典议会通过同性婚姻法令，给予同性情侣包括收养、宗教仪式、人工授精在内的全部民事权利，瑞典成为世界上第7个允许同性结婚的国家。

2015年6月28日，在美国纽约曼哈顿，帝国大厦点亮彩虹灯庆祝同性婚姻合法。

当日，纽约举行一年一度的同性恋大游行。

美国最高法院26日以5比4的投票结果裁定，同性婚姻合乎宪法。

这一裁决结果意味着同性婚姻在全美50个州全部合法。

这些事实表明在过去近三十年中，同性恋在全球发展迅速，但俄罗斯认为同性恋是不正常的，违反自然法则的。

回顾我国关于同性恋问题立法历史，2013年6月份，俄罗斯议会下院以压倒性的票数通过了该国进一步歧视污蔑LGBT（女同，男同，双性及跨性别）社群的法案，并禁止所谓的同性恋“洗脑宣传”的活动。

国家杜马下院以434票支持，0票反对，1票弃权的结果，于周二通过该法案。

法案允许向举行同志集会以及向未成年人提供LGBT社群信息的行为征收巨额罚款。

该法案于2013年6月底生效。

在国内，我们进行大量的反对同性恋宣传，采取强有力的措施遏制同性恋趋势的蔓延。

原因有以下几个方面;一．解决实际生存问题，俄罗斯人口出生率太低。

据俄罗斯杜马主管家庭的立法委员解释，苏联解体后，俄罗斯的生育率直线下降，鼓励生育（通过政府补助和宣传）已经成为总统普京的标志性政策。

模拟联合国立场文件范例Delegate:School:Country: Oriental Republic of UruguayCommittee: UN-HRCTopic: The Elimination of Religious IntoleranceReligious Intolerance is an existing problem which covers numbers of domains. It goes against the Charter of the United Nations and other articles on the freedom of religion. As a country that commits to the advancement and protection of human rights, Uruguay gives strong backing to the elimination of religious intolerance.The international community has long paid attention to the problemof intolerance. There have been a number of UN’sdeclarations that affect the situation, such as Elimination of All Forms of Religious Intolerance (1993). Besides, in The Universal Declaration of Human Rights, many states have reached an agreement that regard the freedom of religion as a part of human rights to protect.Uruguay is among the countries that are signatories to the widest range of human rights conventions and has signed the Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Economic,Social and Cultural Rights. In November 2004, the Third Committee approved Draft Resolutions on Extrajudicial Executions, Elimination of Religious Intolerance. We attended it with initiative.Uruguay affirms its intention of discussing with other countries to find a peaceful solution. We appeal for system perfection of religious control. To sum up, Uruguay encourages cooperation while maintaining respect for international law and human rights. We are convinced that with more tolerance and cooperation, religious tolerance will be achieved.。

Position PaperCountry: The United KingdomCommittee: United Nations Conference on Trade and DevelopmentTopic: The Prospects and Challenges for International Trade in Today's World Delegate Name: Li Zhaoyu, Li ZhichengDelegate School: Air Force Engineering UniversitySince the word “Economic Globalization” was put forward by T. Levy in 1985, it has behaved not only as one of the most important features of today's world economy, but also a significant development tendency of world economy. However, frankly speaking, economic globalization is an undoubtedly rapier for both developing countries and developed ones. On the one hand, the concept of economic globalization is worldwide accepted by almost every country and also regarded as an effective process to rational allocation of production factors and resources, global flow of capital and products, and mostly the economic development all over the world. On the other, many economic problems inevitably come along with the globalization and integration of the world economy, such as trade protectionism, trade imbalance and the financial crisis. Especially every time when financial crisis burst out, huge loss would be brought to the world economy. After the Subprime Crisis left, The former Fed‟s chairman Greenspan said: “one day, when people looking back, they may put American current financial crisis as the worst crisis since the end of World War II.” As far as Britain‟s concerned, under the big picture of economic globalization, there are two aspects of problems can‟t be ignored. On the one hand, financial service industry is of vital importance in economic globalization and international trade. Although every time when the economic crisis burst out the financial industry will suffer huge loss, there are still no effective and sustainable methods to reduce the loss. On the other, along with the arrival of the era of knowledge-driven economy, intellectual capital especially the core technology and intellectual property has become determinant of economic growth, which calls for a rational and fair regulation that suits most of the countries to regulate the use of intellectual capital. Therefore, how to cooperate better with world organizations and many other countries to prevent the financial crisis and raise the level of intellectual property protection to promote economic sustainable development has become a world focus.The United Kingdom is one of the largest economies around the world, being famous for its financial services industry. Since the 1990s, Britain gradually realized an adjustment which makes the financial service industry and the creative industry be the pillars of industrial structure. According to the statistics, in 2007, the output value of financial service industry and creative industry accounted for about 8% of theBritain gross domestic product, including business services, the service industry as a whole accounted for about 75.7% of our GDP. The financial crisis, burst out in 2008, swept across the whole world, brought big influence to British service industry, which let our government realize the limitation of reliance on financial service industry. Since 2009, the Britain government has formulated a serious of development strategies, including creating new economic growth point, transforming and upgrading the traditional industries and adding the input to infrastructure and research which are being around the core industry, to lay the foundation for the sustainable development.In the aspect of the protection of intellectual property, there is no doubt that Britain is the earliest country to protect intellectual property by laws. After 400 years of development, Britain has formed a completed legal system of intellectual property protection. In 1852, Britain established the patent office, which became a governmental institution in 1990. And in 2007 it was renamed as …the protection of intellectual property Bureau‟, which plays a vital role in encouraging innovations and promoting the transformation of technological achievements. Meanwhile Britain also takes efforts to the international intellectual property protection. For example, Britain has participated in many international conventions on intellectual property protection, such as the Patent Cooperation Treaty and the TRIPS.After having a thorough analysis about the situation of global economy under the big background of economic globalization, we, the United Kingdom comes up with the following suggestions with responsibilities:1. Establish a fair and rational global standard to regulate the monitoring of the bank system, in order to make it come true to monitor the capital flow effectively.2. Increase the transparency in the international financial transactions, which is the base of the fair financial exchange.3. Establish a sound international financial system which can guard against risks and control crisis effectively..4. Encourage more countries, especially developing countries, to join the current international organizations such as WTO and IMF, and have talks on international issues together.5. Strengthen the functions of the current international organizations and build a long-acting supervision mechanism by multilateral talk.6. Set up a platform for effective and timely communications among countries, especially between developing countries and developed ones, for the purpose of promoting mutual trust, enhancing trade contacts and sharing successful experience.7. Set up an effective estimation system for venture investment, in order to reduce the risk of financial loss caused by venture investment.8. Perfect the current regulations on intellectual property protection by international cooperation and multilateral talk, in order to make the rules become more rational and suit more countries.9. Stick to the sustainable development of world economy, achieve the economic growth mode transformation and promote the international cooperation between developing countries and developed ones.As is known to all, Britain sticks to the principles of positive and neutral trade. Britain is willing to cooperate with other countries to face the challenges, settle the problems and share our experience. To sum up, Britain believes that with the cooperation among countries, the challenges for international trade can also be opportunities. As one of the permanent state of UN Security Council, Britain has the abilities and responsibilities to make contributions to build a sound future for the world.。

Committee: The United Nations Environmental Protection AgencyTopic: The Prevention& Control of atmospheric pollutionCountry: The Republic of IndiaDelegate: Sun Jiangwenxiu&DiYaAtmospheric pollution has become the world's biggestenvironmental problemand increasingly drawn the wide attention of the world.To solve this problem, the United Nations has done a large number of surveys to find the main cause of the pollution and established the UnitedNationsEnvironmentProgramme (UNEP) as the world organization of the UNco-ordination to get to grips with pollution in 1972.India has always followed their action and taken some relative measures.As a developing country, with the development of industrial and cities, India has been damaged seriously .Air pollution in India is a serious issue with the major sources fromwood and biomass burning, fuel adulteration, vehicle emission and traffic congestion.Meanwhile, based on the analysis of the environmental actuality, government has drawn up a detailed list of measuresand put forward the control countermeasures for reducing pollution. Such as the promotion of natural gas as a vehicle fuel,encouraging people to use public transport to lessen emissionas well as restricting commercial trucks into the city.Second, India passed onThe Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act to strengthen the force of supervision. Then local organizations establish smoke alarms, so that people know the air quality changes. It is an indisputable fact that an awareness of public environmental protection needs to be enhanced.So, In addition to rev up publicity with advertisements, the institution of environmental protectionorganizes and encourages afforestation and the protection of forests. All of these methods have made a great effect on pollution. Now, the environmental state is showing signs of improvement. But that’s not enough, India will learn from other countries which conduct well as the United States and Japan.Air pollution is a global problem, it related to every member’s interests. The members must immediately solve it together. India will also develop capabilities to the maximum.。

Delegate: Chen yuying，Chen chunhao, Liu chengyiSchool: No.2 Experimental SchoolCountry: The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandCommittee: Disarmament and International SecurityTopic: Space Weaponisation总结第10页的“背景”In 1967 the United Nations through the outer space convention clarify, any country can will any part of the space of for yourself, and at the same time, all countries should the peaceful use of space, space belongs to all mankind, no country has the right to deprive other countries outside the space development and utilization of peace rights. In 2004, the general assembly of the United Nations passed a resolution to 59, requires countries to take action to prevent an arms race in outer space.But American X37B air plane research and development success seems to become a prelude to the stationing of space. Does the United States, and promoting the national missile defense (NMD) system, and its basic to establish a global military advantage of both attack and defense, taking the right day, and strengthen its dominance in the world. No matter the immediate or in the long run, the United States goes against the peace and development of the trend of The Times "plan" for international security have serious negative effects, not only damage the international community in the disarmament and arms control field has the results, and will cause a new arms race, is more likely to cause advanced weapons and technology diffusion, countries around the space for the resources will gradually white-hot, and the United Nations about prevent militarization of initiative will mean nothing, inevitably will space battle on the stage of history, the United States that human "the peaceful use of space" poison effect is concerned.The United States and India, are 1966 into effect in the outer space treaty state party. And the outer space treaty article 4 expressly: "each contracting state guarantee: not in orbit around the earth placed any carrying nuclear weapons or any other type of weapons of mass destruction, not with the entity object, also not weapons in any other way deployment of such weapons in outer space. The high contracting parties must put themoon and other celestial bodies absolutely for peaceful purposes. Banned in bodies set up military base, facilities and works: ban on any type of weapon test objects as well as military exercise", this one is the outer space "limit militarized" principle.The weaponization of space, and of an impending space battle of danger, the world love peace, stability, and development for the people were warned, America's "star war plan" and even after the missile defense system for, including China, Russia, and even the U.S. NATO Allies in the world, most countries, have voiced strong opposition and condemnation, think it goes against the Soviet union and the United States signed in 1972 anti-ballistic missile (abm) treaty, will destroy the international strategic stable foundation. Even the United States senate military commission committee member Charles rob, say developing space-based weapons will be "a historical consequences of big mistake".In addition, in order to promote the peaceful use of outer space, prevent the stationing of space, so far, the international community has made a series of space about chapter. But should see the international community's call to action--and justice from effectively rising of outer space arms race momentum and large gap, a few countries irresponsible practices is the lack of effective restriction mechanism to prevent and control.Face have outbreaks of dangerous space battle, the world all peace-loving people should keep fully alert, should actively action, to curb space military momentum, for the world, and more our own their generation finally silent peace of their homes.Since always, British claims of space is the common wealth of all mankind, explore and utilize the space is the final purpose of social development and human progress, for human creation a better survival and development space. Soon reach an prevent the stationing of space and space arms race of the international legal documents, be helpful for maintaining the peaceful use of space, maintain the safety of the space assets, and promote the international cooperation in space, and promote international common security.。

POSITION PAPERDelegates: Jiang Jianrong, Xu Kai, Bi Xueqin, Li ShuangCountry: UK [School of Foreign Studies]Committee: United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)Topic: Topic A “Fossil Energy Crisis”Introduction: Various measures of International Energy Agency indicate that the world might be heading for an energy crisis. Many of the warning signs that existed before the energy crises of 1973 and 1979 exist today and they indicate that the current situation could be even worse. The International Energy Agency also addresses that the world will need almost 60% more energy in 2030 than in 2002, and fossil fuels will still meet most of its needs. In fact, we depend on oil for 90% of our transport, and for food, pharmaceuticals, chemicals and the entire bedrock of modern life. But oil industry experts’ estimate that current reserves will only last for about 40 years.As for UK, the dependence on petroleum imports has grown steadily for over a decade and has been at record levels for several years. North Sea gas has served Britain well, but supply peaked in 1999. Since then the flow has fallen by half; by 2015 it will have dropped by two-thirds. By 2015 four of Britain’s ten nuclear stations will have shut and no new ones could be ready for years after t hat. As for coal, it is fiendishly dirty: Britain will be breaking just about every green promise it has ever made if it is using anything like as much as it does today. Renewable energy sources will help, but even if the wind and waves can be harnessed (and Britain has plenty of both), these on-off forces cannot easily replace more predictable gas, nuclear and coal power. There will be a shortfall —perhaps of as much as 20GW —which, if nothing radical is done, will have to be met from imported gas.However, UK is still on its way to seek for cooperation and uniting efforts. Thus, we, on behalf of the UK, here appeals to the nations:●We seek to establish a linked system with which we could share and supervise the fossilresources together.●Our ultimate goal is to balance the resource allocation, and thus bail us out of the crisis.●We regard respect and consociation as the vital basics.Meanwhile, we suggest:●We should impose obligations on suppliers to force them to demonstrate plans to cope betterwith threats to supply.●We can replace the current incentive system for the renewals with tenders for renewablegeneration. The tenders would offer investors a guaranteed return over a longer period, for example 20 years.●We can set up a central energy buyer, which would determine the amount and type of energyneeded and enter into long-term contracts with suppliers can divide regions into different groups to share the donations pressure, and better, more effectively reduce disaster of damage (developed countries may take part in the weaker regions and be the leader).Anyway, we British will spare no effort to play the vital role of mainstay throughout the crisis.。

模联立场文件（英文）Delegate：Yuqi Zhao Xuezhang WuSchool: Shanxi Experimental Secondary SchoolCountry:Saudi ArabiaCommittee: Human Right CouncilTopic: Access to pharmaceutical drugsSince the Penicillin first being used,most of the population had said goodbye to some simple bacterial infections and it had satrted a new century of human history. But now almost two billion people still lack access to essential medicines especilly in Africa and South-East Asia. It means that improving access to existing medicines could save ten million lives each year at least.Providing some of the poorest can in africa essentital medicines has become one important duty to Saudi Arabia since the first time WHO call on all the developed country to notice the people’s living in Sub-Sahara africa. And the government of Saudi Arabia is now facing a great challenge, some pharmaceutical companies hold the patent right and the price of some medicines becomes unaffordable and it has become the main limit of the medicines providing. Some countries also hold their position to protect their medical industry and make the price become even higher.Meanwhile Saudi Arabia itself also faces a serious situation, almost 80% of medicines depend on import. The government spend more than one billion dollar in importing medicines and it also put our government under great pressure. And we are looking forward to find some means to let the price of some essential but expensive medicines down under the acceptable areas.To improve people’s living all around the wor ld we have to balance two interest. On one hand we improve our pharmaceutical research standard, on the other hand we have to make sure that all medicines and result we came out really change people’s living situation. We have to protect people’s health fi rst and then the pharmaceutical companies’ interest. In the other word, we can sacrifice some profit of pharmaceutical companies at the promise of continual development of these companies. And in order to make it work, we suggest the council to come out some effective and strong resolution.As to the serious situation, we have following solutions：Reform the list of essential medicines and the rank of each kind of medicines depend on the necessity and the cost. And it will also be consulted by WTO and WIPO. Shorten the time of patent if this kind of medicines is wildly needed but the company can not offer it enough.Let each country to pass the law that shorten the time of medical patent and let thetime related to the cost.Countries which need to import medicines could form a organization and could consult the price so that pharmaceutical companies and factories could get big orders.That could let more medicines into some poor countries in low price.。

MUN中的文件背景材料Background Guide立场文件Position Paper工作文件Working Paper决议草案Draft Resolution修正案Amendment决议Resolution一、立场文件Position Paper1、何为立场文件立场文件是表达某个国家或组织在某个特定议题上的立场概要的文件作用：对本国：了解别国立场；正式发言的主要参照材料对别国：了解本国立场对各国：确定国家间是否具有共同的目标和利益等等，是否有可能进行协商和合作。

2、立场文件的内容开头代表姓名（delegates）代表来自的学校名(school)国家名(country)所在委员会(committee)议题(topic)正文背景介绍：基本历史、现状和趋势，篇幅不多，简单概括，重要性，不要照搬过去的行动：联合国或本国，行动和决议，重要发言本国情况：立场，政策，措施，理由，事例3、注意事项不需过于详细的信息（人口，资源，GDP……）官方正式，精炼简明（不多于2页）结构明晰，条理分明必要时候提供数据举出实例，而不是空讲政策和态度用脚注或尾注来标明所引用的资料使用决议条款的格式来写作（序言性，行动性）不要太依赖背景材料，重在调研分析4 立场文件的一般模式格式：第一段：简要陈述议题，并说明代表国认为该议题对于整个国际社会所具有的重要性。

第二段：简介及评价该问题联合国所采取过的措施和成效。

第三段：对于该议题代表国所持有的立场、态度。

可包括与该国相关的国内事物和外交政策，以及在过去的国际工作中所支持过的决议。

第四段：代表国对委员会的建议，课包括代表国认为有效可行的解决措施，以及国际社会应当担当的角色。

注意：立场突出，底线明确。

二、工作文件Working Paper1、工作文件的定义何为工作文件？工作文件是代表们在进行游说和结盟之后，在各自立场文件的基础上，综合他国立场和要求，草拟出的针对某一问题的看法和观点，以及解决方法决议的最早雏形观点的初步综合！！特别注意：与立场文件中的陈述态度相比，工作文件的内容更加偏重一些具体措施。