临床护士心理弹性的现状研究
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第6期农垦医学第42卷由于初入职场,临床实习护生的职业发展受职场环境的影响较大,而较复杂的医患关系及相应的职场压力给临床实习护生心理健康产生重要影响,而高心理弹性水平的个体,能更好地应对复杂职场环境[1]。
心理弹性(Psychological Resilience,PR)指人尽管曾遭受逆境与强大压力的影响,其心理功能仍能正常发展的心理现象,是个体适应良好所应当具备的人格特性[2],研究发现,护士心理弹性与其心理健康水平密切关联[3],且心理弹性可显著预测护士心理健康水平[4]。
根据心理弹性内在力量理论的基本观点可知,心理弹性反映了个体具有一种在面临逆境和压力时的适应和改变能力,对维持心理健康具有重要意义[5]。
因此,对于临床实习护生而言,心理弹性对维持其心理健康具有重要作用。
鉴于此,本研究拟以新疆维吾尔族自治区内公立医院临床实习护生为研究对象,开展关于心理弹性和心理健康情况及二者相关性的调查分析,以期为提高临床实习护生心理弹性,保证心理健康,促进其职业发临床实习护生心理弹性与心理健康的关联性调查分析张平平(石河子大学医学院第一附属医院康复心理科,新疆石河子,832008)【摘要】目的:探讨临床实习护生心理弹性及心理健康基本状况及二者之间的关系。
方法:选择2019年9月-12月期间在新疆维吾尔自治区内7所公立医院中400名临床实习护生为研究对象,采用简易心理弹性问卷(CD-RISC-10)和一般健康问卷(GHQ-12)进行测试,并对测验数据进行分析。
结果:临床实习护生心理弹性水平和心理健康水平均处于中等偏上水平,且二者彼此之间均呈显著相关(均<0.01);不同性别、学历和户籍的临床实习护生心理弹性得分和心理健康得分差异具有统计学意义(<0.05),心理弹性得分对临床实习护生心理健康得分的预测作用有统计学意义(β=-0.40,=-12.07,<0.01)。
结论:提高临床实习护生心理弹性,可以维持临床实习护生心理健康水平。
目录缩略语表 (1)英文摘要 (2)中文摘要 (6)论文正文护士心理弹性状况特点及影响因素的量性与质性研究 (9)第一章前言 (9)第二章护士心理弹性状况特点及其相关因素的量性研究 (14)2.1 研究对象 (14)2.2 研究方法 (14)2.3 结果 (16)2.4 讨论 (31)2.5 小结 (35)第三章护士高心理弹性形成原因的质性研究 (37)3.1 研究对象 (37)3.2 研究方法 (39)3.3 结果 (40)3.4 讨论 (47)3.5 小结 (48)全文总结 (50)参考文献 (53)文献综述护士心理弹性发生机制及其干预的研究进展 (59)参考文献 (65)附录 (69)研究生学习阶段发表论文和有关成果 (81)致谢 (82)缩略语表缩略词英文全称中文全称CD-RISC Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale 心理弹性量表Scale 流调用抑郁自评量表CES-D Survey-DepressionInventory-Human ServiceBurnoutMBI-HSS Maslach职业倦怠量表(服务行业版)SurveyCNSS Chinese Nurses Stressor Scale 护士工作压力源量表NJSS Nurses' Job Satisfaction Scale 护士工作满意度量表PSSS Perceived Social Support Scale 领悟社会支持量表SCSQ Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire 简易应对方式问卷Disorder 创伤后应激障碍PTSD PostStressTraumaticICU Intensive Care Unit 重症加强护理病房A quantity and quality study on the characteristics andinfluencing factors of nursing resilienceAbstractPurpose:This study regarded the clinical nurses as a whole to investigate the current status and the contributing factors of resilience, and to clarify the causes of high resilience of nurses, so as to improve the level of mental health of nurses in China and maintain the stability of nursing team,.in order to get the general rules of nursing resilience, to provide reference for the establishment of the resilience of nursing norm in China, to establish the resilience criteria for clinical nurses selection, and to provide theoretical basis for the implementation of the resilience training for the nursing staff.Methods:The first stage: using proportional stratified random sampling and cluster sampling combined with quantitative research methods. Firstly, on the stratification of 104 hospitals in Chongqing, which is divided into three layers: first class hospital, secondary hospital and teritary hospital. Using proportional stratified random sampling to select hospitals in each layer, and 1 teritary general hospital, 2 secondary general hospitals and 1 first class general hospital were selected eventually during May to September in 2016. Secondly, using cluster sampling to carry out the survey. A total of 2504 clinical nurses were recruited, and 2285 valid questionnaires were returned, the efficiency is 91.25%. The nurses were surveyed respectively with a pre-designed general information questionnaire, the Connor-Davidson resilience scale(CD-RISC), the Survey-Depression Scale(CES-D), the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Service Survey(MBI-HSS), the Chinese nurses stressor scale(CNSS), the Nurses' Job Satisfaction Scale, the Perceived Social Support Scale(PSSS) and the Simplified Coping style Questionnaire(SCSQ) to investigate the status and influencing factors of resilience in clinical nurses. Using SPSS version 19.0 to do statistical analysis. Data were expressed as mean±standard deviation. The t-test and One-Way ANOVA were used to analyze the effects of the general personnel information on the overall resilience.Spearman correlation was used to analyze the relationship between depression, job burnout, stress, job satisfaction, perceived social support, copying style and resilience. Multiple linear regression was used to determine the factors contributing to resilience. In all tests, a P﹤0.05 was interpreted to be statistically significant.The second stage: using qualitative research method. According to the results of the first stage, based on reviewing literature and consulting psychological experts, the screening standard of the nursing staff with high resilience was proposed (the score of the Resilience Scale ≥mean + standard deviation, the score of the Survey-Depression Scale ≤15 points, the score of the Chinese Nurses Stressor Scale>mean). Then semi-structured interviews were conducted on the method of using Colaizzi's to analyze the data to determine the theme, so as to clarify the reasons for the formation of nurses' high resilience.Results:1.The status of nursing resilienceThe score of nurses' resilience was 10 to 100, and the total score was 63.87±12.96, which was significantly lower than that of the community population in China 65.40 ±13.90.Resilience scores in three dimensions: tenacity 31.88±7.28, strength 22.32±4.66, optimism 9.67±2.40. The dimensional scores from high to low were as follows: strength 2.79±0.58, tenacity 2.45±0.56 and optimism 2.42±0.60.2.Characteristics of nursing resilienceDifferent demographic variables, such as age, marital status, fertility circumstance, whether the only child, education, academic title, administrative position, work experience, monthly income, shift mode, whether be awarded, hospital grade, intention to stay and self-perceived resilience impact on resilience at statistically significant level(P<0.05), However, no difference was found in gender, birth place and form of employment(P>0.05).3.The relationship between depression, job burnout, stress, job satisfaction, social support, coping style and nursing resilienceThe scores of depression, the sub-dimensions of job burnout, stress and its sub-dimensions were significantly correlated with resilience negatively(P<0.01). The scores of job satisfaction and its sub-dimensions, perceived social support and itssub-dimensions as well as the positive coping style were significantly correlated with resilience positively(P 0.01).4.Regression analysis of nursing resilienceThe administrative position, intention to stay, positive coping style, self-perceived degree of resilience, depression, emotional exhaustion, diminished personal accomplishment, depersonalization, work environment and equipment resources, work status as well as perceived social support contributed to resilience at statistically significant level, which could explain 35.5% of the variance.5.The causes for the formation of high resilienceThe subjects of high resilience quality interviews with nurses were as follows: The individual internal factors, social support and working environment. Among them, the individual internal factors involve: technical ability, effective coping, self regulation, high sense of occupation identity. Social support mainly includes three aspects: family support, friend support and colleague support. The working environment includes: effective security, welfare and job stability.Conclusions:1.The level of nursing resilience is low, which needs to be further improved.2.Demographic variables (age, marital status, fertility circumstance, whether the only child, education, academic title, administrative position, work experience, monthly income, shift mode, whether be awarded, hospital grade, intention to stay and self-perceived resilience) are identified to be the major contributing factors.3.Depression, job burnout, stress, job satisfaction, perceived social support and positive coping have significant effect on resilience. Depression, job burnout and stress are negatively correlated with resilience. Job satisfaction, perceived social support, positive coping are positively correlated with resilience.4.The administrative position, intention to stay, positive coping style, self-perceived degree of resilience, depression, emotional exhaustion, diminished personal accomplishment, depersonalization, work environment and equipment resources, work status as well as perceived social support can predict the level of nursing resilience.5.The main causes for the formation of the high resilience of nurses are individual internal factors, social support and working environment.Therefore, we should pay attention to the positive significance for the development of nursing resilience to the improvement of nurses' mental health status and the quality of nursing service. Enhance the resilience of nurses from different angles, so that nurses can do better and adapt well when facing the pressure of work and life.Key words: Clinical nursing; Resilience; Root Cause Analysis; Cross-sectional investigation; Qualitative research护士心理弹性状况特点及影响因素的量性与质性研究摘要目的本研究将临床护士作为整体来探讨其心理弹性规律特点及高心理弹性形成的原因,从而得到适用于临床各科室的护士心理弹性一般性规律,为建立我国护士心理弹性常模提供参考依据,填补我国在护士高心理弹性成因研究中的空白,为建立临床护士心理弹性选拔标准、对护理人员实施有针对性的心理弹性培训干预提供理论依据,进而达到改善我国临床护士心理健康状况,维护护理队伍稳定的目的。
·调研分析·临床护士共情疲劳与心理弹性的调查研究赵楚艺,梁伍今(通讯作者)(长春中医药大学 护理学院,吉林 长春 130000)0 引言众所周知,护士的工作性质十分特殊,具有较强的应激性,经常承受着巨大的压力。
尤其是近年来医患矛盾问题的出现,对于临床护士群体带来了新的挑战。
在各类创伤性事件中,临床护士面对患者的痛苦,在提供援助服务过程中,极易出现共情疲劳和心理弹性,进而造成护士职业倦怠。
为此识别护士共情疲劳十分必要,且势在必行。
本文为此为视角,探究了临床护士共情疲劳与心理弹性的现状及相关危险影响因素,并根据调查结果做出了详细的分析,最后提出了改善临床护士心理状况的建议举措,以供参考[1]。
1 对象与方法1.1 研究对象。
以本省6所三级甲等医院的886名一线临床护士作为研究对象,女生所占比例为97.71%,男生占0.29%;平均年龄为(28.32±4.69)岁;工作年限为0.6-32年。
其中临床护士的选择遵循了自愿和随机的原则,起止时间为2018年2月至7月。
1.2 研究方法。
首先,需要掌握临床护士基本信息和基础资料,其中包括科室、性别、年龄、婚姻状况、学历、职称、工作年限等。
其次,在工作环境的调查设置中包括了夜班类型、工作负荷、待遇问题、压力问题、团队协作以及是否能够得到认可。
最后,对问卷以及量表进行回收,应用统一指导语,将原始资料录入并对数据进行认真核对。
此外采用了SPP 19.0软件对所搜集的数据进行了回归分析,采用t检验,P<0.05,差异具有统计学意义。
2 结果2.1 临床护士共情疲劳的影响因素2.1.1 对象特征:①患者突发死亡或者持续恶化可以引发临床护士的共情疲劳,尤其是已经处于康复恢复期却突然发生病情恶化的现象。
②病人长期处于生理痛苦,进而引发疼痛、呕吐、感染以及腹胀等阶段,会加剧护士的痛苦感和无助感。
③在治疗过程中,一些患者迫于生活压力以及拮据的家庭条件进而放弃后续治疗,因此会诱发护士的共情疲劳。
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护士心理弹性状况及其影响因素
作者:任雅欣, 周英, 黄美凌, 陆新容, 成守珍, 潘胜茂, Ren Yaxin, Zhou Ying, Huang Meiling,Lu Xinrong, Cheng Shouzhen, Pan Shengmao
作者单位:任雅欣,周英,潘胜茂,Ren Yaxin,Zhou Ying,Pan Shengmao(广州医科大学护理学院, 广州,510180), 黄美凌,Huang Meiling(广州医科大学附属第三医院护理部, 广州,510180), 陆新容,Lu Xinrong(广州医科大
学附属第二医院护理部, 广州,510180), 成守珍,Cheng Shouzhen(中山大学附属第一医院护理部)
刊名:
中华行为医学与脑科学杂志
英文刊名:Chinese Journal of Behavioral Medicine and Brain Science
年,卷(期):2014,23(3)
本文链接:/Periodical_zgxwyxkx201403020.aspx。
心理弹性的研究现状心理弹性在当前心理学的研究中已成为热点问题,并在各个领悟的研究者中引起了广泛的兴趣。
本文从心理弹性的概念入手,着重分析国内护士的心理弹性的研究现状,总结其影响因素。
希望能为护士等高压力人群缓解心理压力和对心理危机的预防和干预提供理论指导,增强心理弹性,为护士的心理健康提供实践支持。
标签:护士;心理弹性美国的心理学家Anthony在20世纪70年代提出了心理弹性这个名词,经过30多年的发展,在国际心理学届上已经成为研究的热点问题,并在心理学、教育学、医学、护理学等各个学科受到重大的关注。
心理弹性是个体在面对危机或压力时,能够保持良好的心理适应能力。
心理弹性是决定个人能否成功从压力危机中复原的主要因素。
在护理行业中,护士面对着巨大的压力,心理弹性已经是护士从事护理活动时保持护士良好的生理和心理的基本要素。
本文对心理弹性的概念、相关因素及测评工具进行综述如下。
1 心理弹性的概念心理弹性(resilience)这个词始源于拉丁词根“resilire”,并被以为“反弹”。
因此,心理弹性有从痛苦或创伤事件中复原并能获得良好地适应之意。
至今,国内外对于心理弹性还没有统一、明确的定义。
国外研究者对resilience的定义各有偏重,大致可以归为三类:(1)结果性定义:重点从发展结果上定义心理弹性;(2)能力性定义:将心理弹性看作是个体的一种能力或品质,是个体所具有的特征;(3)过程性定义:将心理弹性定义为一种动态的发展变化过程[1]。
美国心理学会把心理弹性定义为个人面对逆境、创伤、悲伤、威胁或其他重大压力时的良好适应,即个体面对压力或挫折的反弹能力[2]。
国内学者对心理弹性也有自己的理解,程丽等[3]将心理弹性定义为个体在危机情景或压力事件中能保持良好的适应的能力,是内在保护因素和外在保护因素的结合,并提出了3种情况:曾生活于高度不利环境,战胜了逆境,获得良好的发展结果;虽然仍生活在不利的环境中,但能力不受损害;能从灾难性事件中成功地恢复过来。
临床工作1年内护士心理弹性现状及影响因素研究
曾素兰;彭成君;崔丽君
【期刊名称】《护理管理杂志》
【年(卷),期】2015(015)001
【摘要】目的了解临床工作1年内护士心理弹性现状,分析其影响因素,为护理管理者科学管理提供依据.方法对480名临床工作1年内护士进行心理弹性问卷调查,并分析其影响因素.结果临床工作1年内护士心理弹性总均分为(1.89±0.86)分,处于较低水平;心理弹性的主要影响因素是年龄、是否独生子女、学历(P<0.01).结论临床工作1年内护士总体心理弹性处于较低水平,护理管理者应关注其心理弹性培训,以提高其心理健康水平.
【总页数】3页(P32-34)
【作者】曾素兰;彭成君;崔丽君
【作者单位】641300,资阳市第一人民医院护理部;641300,资阳市第一人民医院神经外科;637000,南充市,川北医学院附属医院普通外科
【正文语种】中文
【中图分类】R192.6
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第1篇一、引言随着社会经济的快速发展和医疗行业的日益进步,护理工作在保障人民健康、提高医疗服务质量中发挥着至关重要的作用。
为了更好地适应护理工作特点,提高护理人员的积极性和工作效率,同时满足医院和患者多样化的需求,建立健全护理弹性工作制度显得尤为重要。
本文旨在探讨护理弹性工作制度的内涵、实施策略以及其在我国医疗行业的应用与前景。
二、护理弹性工作制度的内涵1. 定义护理弹性工作制度是指根据医院工作需要、患者病情变化和护理人员个人情况,灵活调整工作时间、班次和休息时间的一种工作制度。
2. 特点(1)灵活性:护理弹性工作制度能够根据实际情况进行调整,满足医院和患者需求。
(2)公平性:护理人员在遵循制度的前提下,享有公平的工作机会和休息时间。
(3)激励性:通过弹性工作制度,激发护理人员的工作积极性和创造性。
(4)可持续性:护理弹性工作制度有助于提高护理人员的职业满意度和忠诚度,促进护理队伍的稳定发展。
三、护理弹性工作制度的实施策略1. 制定合理的弹性工作制度(1)根据医院实际情况,确定弹性工作制度的基本原则。
(2)明确弹性工作制度的具体内容,包括工作时间、班次、休息时间等。
(3)制定弹性工作制度的实施细则,确保制度的可操作性和可执行性。
2. 加强弹性工作制度的宣传和培训(1)通过内部培训、会议等形式,向护理人员宣传弹性工作制度的意义和内容。
(2)组织护理人员学习相关法律法规,提高护理人员对弹性工作制度的认识。
3. 完善弹性工作制度的监督与考核(1)设立专门的监督机构,负责对弹性工作制度的实施情况进行监督检查。
(2)建立健全考核机制,对护理人员的工作表现进行评价,确保弹性工作制度的公平性和激励性。
4. 优化人力资源配置(1)根据医院工作需要,合理调整护理人员的工作班次和休息时间。
(2)加强对护理人员的培训,提高护理人员的综合素质和业务能力。
5. 关注护理人员身心健康(1)定期组织护理人员参加体检,关注护理人员的身心健康。
二胎产后返岗护士心理弹性潜在类别与重返工作准备度的相关性研究张文莉1,薛平2*1.山西医科大学护理学院,山西 030001;2.山西省卫生健康委员会Correlation between latent profile of psychological resilience and readiness to return to work in second⁃child nursesZHANG Wenli, XUE PingNursing College, Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi 030001 ChinaCorresponding Author XUEPing,E⁃mail:******************Abstract Objective:To explore the latent profile of psychological resilience of second⁃child nurses,and analyze the relationship between each category and readiness to return to work.Methods:A total of 254 second⁃born nurses from 24 tertiary Grade A general hospitals in Shanxi province were selected by convenience sampling,and they were investigated with the general information questionnaire,Resilience Scale and Readiness to Return to Work Scale.The latent profile was used to identify the latent profile of psychological resilience of second⁃child nurses.Results:The psychological resilience of second⁃child nurses was identified as three latent profile,which were defined as low resilience group (12.6%),general resilience group (66.5%) and high resilience group (20.9%).The effects of working years,departments,professional titles and whether to accept return training on different potential categories of psychological resilience of second⁃child nurses were statistically significant(P<0.05).The potential category of psychological resilience was the influencing factor of the second⁃child nurses' readiness to return to work.The second-child nurses in the high resilience group were in the active maintenance stage when they return to work.Conclusions:The psychological resilience of second⁃child nurses has obvious classification characteristics,and the general resilience is the majority. Nursing managers should focus on the second⁃child nurses with low psychological resilience,and take targeted intervention measures to improve their readiness to return to work.Keywords second⁃child nurse; mental resilience; readiness to return to work; latent profile category; investigation摘要目的:探讨二胎产后返岗护士心理弹性的潜在类别,并分析各类别与重返工作准备度之间的关系。
2012年7月护理学报July,2012第19卷第7A期Journal of Nursing(China)Vol.19No.7A【研究生园地·综述】心理弹性的研究现状及启示张丽娣1综述;李乐之2审校(1.中南大学护理学院,湖南长沙410013;2.中南大学湘雅二医院护理部,湖南长沙410011)[关键词]心理弹性;护理教育;文献综述[中图分类号]R395.1[文献标识码]A[文章编号]1008-9969(2012)07A-0017-03心理弹性最早是由美国心理学家Anthony于20世纪70年代提出的,经30余年发展,现已成为国际心理学界研究的热点问题,并在心理学、临床医学、教育学、护理学等各学科受到越来越多的重视。
心理弹性是从积极的角度看待个人的应激反应,个人在面临压力危机时,心理弹性是其能否成功复原的决定性因素。
在护理行业,心理弹性已被看作是护理活动中协助护士良好地适应生理和心理损害的一个基本要素[1]。
而护理专业学生是护理事业的后备军,其心理弹性水平是决定其今后能否胜任护理工作的关键性因素之一。
笔者对心理弹性的定义、相关因素及测评工具进行综述,并就如何从教育学的角度将心理弹性的培养融入护理教育提出思考。
1心理弹性的定义心理弹性(resilience)一词来源于拉丁词根“resilire”,意为“反弹”。
因此,其有从创伤或痛苦事件中复原并获得良好适应之意。
因不同研究者研究视角各异,国内外对心理弹性至今尚无统一而明确的定义。
依据其内涵侧重点不同,归纳起来大致有3类定义:结果性定义、能力性定义和过程性定义。
结果性定义侧重于即使在严重威胁下,个体仍能适应良好或积极发展这一结果[2];能力性定义将心理弹性看作是个体能够承受消极变化同时表现出良好适应行为的能力[3];过程性定义表示一系列能力和特征通过动态交互作用而使个体在遭受重大压力和危险时能迅速恢复和成功应对的过程[4]。
目前,越来越多的学者主张把心理弹性看作一个动态的发展过程,包括行为、思考、行动等各方面,是可通过学习和培养发展起来的。