新概念英语第二册:第41课课文详解及语法解析

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课⽂详注 Further notes on the text

1.Do you call that a hat? (标题)你把那个叫帽⼦吗?

Do you call that +(冠词)+名词这个结构可以表达⼀种轻蔑的含义:

Do you call that a house/a dog?

你把那个叫房⼦/狗吗?

2.I sat down on one of those modern chairs with holes in it…我坐在⼀个新式的满是眼⼉的椅⼦上……

those在此处表⽰⼀种看不惯、不满的意味,如果换成the,则没有这种意味。

3.I regretted saying it almost at once. 我马上⼜后悔说了这话。

regret +动名词/名词/that从句通常表⽰为做过的某件事感到后悔、懊悔:

I now regret leaving my country/ that I have left my country.

我现在后悔离开了⾃⼰的祖国。

He regretted having been rude to her.

他后悔⾃⼰对她⽆礼。

Did he regret his mistake?

他为⾃⼰的错误感到后悔了吗?

regret +不定式表⽰对现在或将来要做的事感到对不起、遗憾,⽐ be sorry +不定式要正式:

We regret to tell you that you are not welcome.

我们很遗憾地告诉您,您不受欢迎。

4.I find it beautiful. 我觉得它好看。

动词find经常⽤于动词+宾语+宾语补⾜语这种结构:

You'll find it difficult/easy to make conversation with her.

你将会发现与她聊天很困难/容易。( it代指后⾯的不定式短语)

I find this book very interesting.

我觉得这本书很有趣。

5.A man can never have too many ties. 男⼈有多少领带也不会嫌多。

cannot/can never…too…(固定结构)表⽰“⽆论怎么……也不会过分”:

A woman can't have too many hats.

⼥⼈有多少帽⼦也不嫌多。

You can't be too careful in doing your work.

你⼯作越⼩⼼越好。

语法 Grammar in use must, have(got) to与need

在第17课的语法中,我们学习了情态助动词must和have(got)to 的⼀些⽤法,知道它们可以表达“必须”、“不得不”等含义,must还可⽤于表⽰推测。在表达“必要”、“不必要”等含义时,除了可⽤must和 have(got)to以外,还可以⽤need。need只有情态助动词的部分特征,仅⽤于某些疑问句和否定句。need⽤于疑问句时,问者往往希望得到 否定的回答:

Need you leave so soon?

你有必要这么早就⾛吗?(希望不必)⽤need的⼀般疑问句的肯定形式的回答可以⽤ must/had to,否定形式的回答可以⽤needn't:

Need I type this letter again?

这封信需要我再打⼀遍吗?

Yes,you must.

是的,你必须再打⼀遍。

No,you needn't.

不,你不必了。

need⼀般情况下作完全动词:

I need to go to the dentist this morning.

今天上午我需要去看⽛。

表⽰必要时,must的语⽓⽐need要强:

I must go to the dentist this morning.

今天上午我必须去看⽛。

⽤ must的⼀般疑问句可以⽤ must/have to或 needn't来回答,⽽不⽤ mustn't:

Must I set off now?

我现在必须出发吗?

Yes,you must / have to.

是的,你现在必须/得出发。

No,you needn't.

不,你不必。

“不必要”可⽤ needn't, don't have to来表⽰:

You needn't/don't have to work such long hours.

你不必⼯作那么长时间。

这种句型可⽤来表⽰说话⼈让对⽅选择或允许对⽅可以不做某事的主观意图。它的完成式和过去式分别为 needn't have,didn't have to和 didn't need to:

I needn't have gone to the office yesterday.

I didn't have to/didn't need to go to the office yesterday.

昨天我没必要去办公室。(⾔下之意是虽然我去了但这是不必要的)

mustn't表⽰绝对禁⽌。在说话⼈看来,根本没有选择余地:

You mustn't use that bicycle,It's broken. 你不能骑那辆⾃⾏车。它坏了。

You needn't have told me that.I know it is.

你没必要告诉我。我知道它坏了。

试体会下列例句中“必要”、“不必要”的表达⽅法:

Why don't you buy a coat?

你为什么不买件外⾐呢?

I'd like to buy one,but I don't really need any.

我想买⼀件,但我真的并不需要。