下载文档原格式
Inside the Living Cell: Structure andFunction of Internal Cell PartsCytoplasm: The Dynamic, Mobile Factory细胞质：动力工厂Most of the properties we associate with life are properties of the cytoplasm. Much of the mass of a cell consists of this semifluid substance, which is bounded on the outside by the plasma membrane. Organelles are suspended within it, supported by the filamentous network of the cytoskeleton. Dissolved in the cytoplasmic fluid are nutrients, ions, soluble proteins, and other materials needed for cell functioning.生命的大部分特征表现在细胞质的特征上。
细胞质大部分由半流体物质组成，并由细胞膜（原生质膜）包被。
细胞器悬浮在其中，并由丝状的细胞骨架支撑。
细胞质中溶解了大量的营养物质，离子，可溶蛋白以及维持细胞生理需求的其它物质。
The Nucleus: Information Central（细胞核：信息中心）The eukaryotic cell nucleus is the largest organelle and houses the genetic material (DNA) on chromosomes. (In prokaryotes the hereditary material is found in the nucleoid.) The nucleus also contains one or two organelles-the nucleoli-that play a role in cell division. A pore-perforated sac called the nuclear envelope separates the nucleus and its contents from the cytoplasm. Small molecules can pass through the nuclear envelope, but larger molecules such as mRNA and ribosomes must enter and exit via the pores.真核细胞的细胞核是最大的细胞器，细胞核对染色体组有保护作用（原核细胞的遗传物质存在于拟核中）。
生物工程(生物技术)专业英语翻译Lesson One（4学时）Inside the Living Cell: Structure andFunction of Internal Cell Parts教学目的：使学生掌握细胞的组成结构（各种细胞器以及它们在细胞中的位置），Cytoplasm: The Dynamic, Mobile Factory细胞质：动力工厂Most of the properties we associate with life are properties of the cytoplasm. Much of the mass of a cell consists of this semifluid substance, which is bounded on the outside by the plasma membrane. Organelles are suspended within it, supported by the filamentous network of the cytoskeleton. Dissolved in the cytoplasmic fluid are nutrients, ions, soluble proteins, and other materials needed for cell functioning.生命的大部分特征表现在细胞质的特征上。
细胞质大部分由半流体物质组成，并由细胞膜（原生质膜）包被。
细胞器悬浮在其中，并由丝状的细胞骨架支撑。
细胞质中溶解了大量的营养物质，离子，可溶蛋白以及维持细胞生理需求的其它物质。
2The Nucleus: Information Central（细胞核：信息中心）The eukaryotic cell nucleus is the largest organelle and houses the genetic material (DNA) on chromosomes. (In prokaryotes the hereditary material is found in the nucleoid.) The nucleus also contains one or two organelles-the nucleoli-that play a role in cell division. A pore-perforated sac called the nuclear envelope separates the nucleus and its contents from the cytoplasm. Small molecules can pass through the nuclear envelope, but larger molecules such as mRNA and ribosomes must enter and exit via the pores.真核细胞的细胞核是最大的细胞器，细胞核对染色体组有保护作用（原核细胞的遗传物质存在于拟核中）。
生物工程生物技术专业英语翻译SANY标准化小组 #QS8QHH-HHGX8Q8-GNHHJ8-HHMHGN#Lesson One（4学时）Inside the Living Cell: Structure andFunction of Internal Cell Parts教学目的：使学生掌握细胞的组成结构（各种细胞器以及它们在细胞中的位置），Cytoplasm: The Dynamic, Mobile Factory细胞质：动力工厂Most of the properties we associate with life are properties of the cytoplasm. Much of the mass of a cell consists of this semifluid substance, which is bounded on the outside by the plasma membrane. Organelles are suspended within it, supported by the filamentous network of the cytoskeleton. Dissolved in the cytoplasmic fluid are nutrients, ions, soluble proteins, and other materials needed for cell functioning.生命的大部分特征表现在细胞质的特征上。
细胞质大部分由半流体物质组成，并由细胞膜（原生质膜）包被。
细胞器悬浮在其中，并由丝状的细胞骨架支撑。
细胞质中溶解了大量的营养物质，离子，可溶蛋白以及维持细胞生理需求的其它物质。
The Nucleus: Information Central（细胞核：信息中心）The eukaryotic cell nucleus is the largest organelle and houses the genetic material (DNA) on chromosomes. (In prokaryotes the hereditary material is found in the nucleoid.) The nucleus also contains one or two organelles-the nucleoli-that play a role in cell division. A pore-perforated sac called the nuclear envelope separates the nucleus and its contents from the cytoplasm. Small molecules can pass through the nuclear envelope, but larger molecules such as mRNA and ribosomes must enter and exit via the pores.真核细胞的细胞核是最大的细胞器，细胞核对染色体组有保护作用（原核细胞的遗传物质存在于拟核中）。
3.6分析和操纵遗传物质已革命性的发展在体外基因的克隆技术，允许隔离，净化和选择性扩增在适当的生物系统几乎任何离散段从几乎任何生物体。
由于删除基因不含相关基因，基因的克隆可以采用的方法分析和处理是主要针对基因区域的利益，从而大大提高效率的方法，简化了识别和表征（特征分析）的新型改性衍生物。
相反，原生质体融合，大部分或全部基因组混合的特点和兴趣控制一般由大量的基因（例如，抗生素），基因重组技术主要关注的是少数个别基因的已知基因的产品（例如，保护蛋白质，多肽等。
）。
该l978遗传操作规定（基因操作条例）定义的遗传操纵的形成新的组合的遗传物质的分离的核酸分子，通过任何手段以外的细胞，任何病毒，细菌质粒，或其他载体系统，使其纳入（掺入）宿主生物体中，他们不自然地出现在他们能够继续繁殖的遗传操纵。
因此定义不包括，例如，单克隆抗体，改良微生物常规遗传技术，体外受精或克隆技术用于动物使用。
遗传操作技术，到目前为止，只有一小的贡献，虽然重要的，生物技术的研究和应用。
在过去十年中几个重要的发现是在介于分子生物学的迅速发展引发了基因重组技术。
特别意义的孤立的突变株大肠杆菌不能分解或限制外源基因导入细胞，并确定和表征限制性内切酶能够切割双链（德尚）基因在特定的网站。
一般来说，这样的片段无法改造或复制有效地在宿主细胞。
这一问题已在很大程度上克服了插入片段为载体，可以插入到宿主细胞，使有关信息表达的载体。
通常是细菌质粒，噬菌体或酵母2μDNA，共价粘接的片段的载体，是实现与酶核酸连接酶。
新合成的载体或嵌合分子进行改造宿主生物，如大肠杆菌，枯草芽孢杆菌、酿酒酵母和宿主细胞生长和繁殖（克隆）也将载体复制和扩增基因。
它可以克隆整个基因组，从而创造一个大规模的收集或图书馆（库）独立分子（基因组文库基因组文库。
）将包含所有的生物基因组序列，原则上应是可能的孤立任何基因提供一个具体的探针检测可以得到。
如果平均大小的克隆序列20个碱基，约700000个人克隆将需要一个完整的图书的人类基因组。
Inside the Living Cell: Structure andFunction of Internal Cell PartsCytoplasm: The Dynamic, Mobile Factory细胞质：动力工厂Most of the properties we associate with life are properties of the cytoplasm. Much of the mass of a cell consists of this semifluid substance, which is bounded on the outside by the plasma membrane. Organelles are suspended within it, supported by the filamentous network of the cytoskeleton. Dissolved in the cytoplasmic fluid are nutrients, ions, soluble proteins, and other materials needed for cell functioning.生命的大部分特征表现在细胞质的特征上。
细胞质大部分由半流体物质组成，并由细胞膜（原生质膜）包被。
细胞器悬浮在其中，并由丝状的细胞骨架支撑。
细胞质中溶解了大量的营养物质，离子，可溶蛋白以及维持细胞生理需求的其它物质。
The Nucleus: Information Central（细胞核：信息中心）The eukaryotic cell nucleus is the largest organelle and houses the genetic material (DNA) on chromosomes. (In prokaryotes the hereditary material is found in the nucleoid.) The nucleus also contains one or two organelles-the nucleoli-that play a role in cell division. A pore-perforated sac called the nuclear envelope separates the nucleus and its contents from the cytoplasm. Small molecules can pass through the nuclear envelope, but larger molecules such as mRNA and ribosomes must enter and exit via the pores.真核细胞的细胞核是最大的细胞器，细胞核对染色体组有保护作用（原核细胞的遗传物质存在于拟核中）。
1 Unit 1 Biomedical Engineering Lesson 1A History of Biomedical EngineeringIn its broadest sense, biomedical engineering has been with us for centuries, perhaps even thousands of years. In 2000, German archeologists uncover a 3,000-year-old mummy from Thebes with a wooden prosthetic tied to its foot to serve as a big toe. Researchers said the wear on the bottom surface suggests that it could be the oldest known limb prosthesis. Egyptians also used hollow reeds to look and listen to the internal goings on of the human anatomy. In 1816, modesty prevented French physician Rene Laennec from placing his ear next to a young woman’s bare chest, so he rolled up a newspaper and listened through it, triggering the idea for his invention that led to today’s ubiquitous stethoscope.广义上来说,生物医学工程与我们已经几个世纪以来,甚至数千年。
2000年,德国考古学家发现一个3000岁高龄的木乃伊从底比斯木制假肢与作为大脚趾的脚。
Lesson OneInside the Living Cell: Structure andFunction of Internal Cell Parts1、 Cytoplasm: The Dynamic, Mobile Factory ( 细胞质：动力工厂 )Most of the properties we associate with life are properties of the cytoplasm. Much of the mass of a cell consists of this semifluid substance, which is bounded on the outside by the plasma membrane. Organelles are suspended within it, supported by the filamentous network of the cytoskeleton. Dissolved in the cytoplasmic fluid are nutrients, ions, soluble proteins, and other materials needed for cell functioning.生命的大部分特征表现在细胞质的特征上。
细胞质大部分由半流体物质组成，并由细胞膜（原生质膜）包被。
细胞器悬浮在其中，并由丝状的细胞骨架支撑。
细胞质中溶解了大量的营养物质，离子，可溶蛋白以及维持细胞生理需求的其它物质。
2、The Nucleus: Information Central（细胞核：信息中心）The eukaryotic cell nucleus is the largest organelle and houses the genetic material (DNA) on chromosomes. (In prokaryotes the hereditary material is found in the nucleoid.) The nucleus also contains one or two organelles-the nucleoli-that play a role in cell division. A pore-perforated sac called the nuclear envelope separates the nucleus and its contents from the cytoplasm. Small molecules can pass through the nuclear envelope, but larger molecules such as mRNA and ribosomes must enter and exit via the pores.真核细胞的细胞核是最大的细胞器，细胞核对染色体组有保护作用（原核细胞的遗传物质存在于拟核中）。
生物专业英语第三版蒋悟生编--课文翻译Inside the Living Cell: Structure andFunction of Internal Cell PartsCytoplasm: The Dynamic, Mobile Factory细胞质：动力工厂Most of the properties we associate with life are properties of the cytoplasm. Much of the mass of a cell consists of this semifluid substance, which is bounded on the outside by the plasma membrane. Organelles are suspended within it, supported by the filamentous network of the cytoskeleton. Dissolved in the cytoplasmic fluid are nutrients, ions, soluble proteins, and other materials needed for cell functioning.生命的大部分特征表现在细胞质的特征上。
细胞质大部分由半流体物质组成，并由细胞膜（原生质膜）包被。
细胞器悬浮在其中，并由丝状的细胞骨架支撑。
细胞质中溶解了大量的营养物质，离子，可溶蛋白以及维持细胞生理需求的其它物质。
The Nucleus: Information Central（细胞核：信息中心）The eukaryotic cell nucleus is the largest organelle and houses the genetic material (DNA) on chromosomes. (In prokaryotes the hereditary material is found in the nucleoid.) The nucleus also contains one or two organelles-the nucleoli-that play a role in cell division. A pore-perforated sac called the nuclear envelope separates the nucleus and its contents from the cytoplasm. Small molecules can pass through the nuclear envelope, but larger molecules such as mRNA and ribosomes must enter and exit via the pores.真核细胞的细胞核是最大的细胞器，细胞核对染色体组有保护作用（原核细胞的遗传物质存在于拟核中）。
