综合教程2-Unit1 key words and lecture notes

Electronic Teaching PortfolioBook TwoUnit One: Living in HarmonyPart I Get StartedSection A Discussion▇Sit in groups of threes or fours and discuss the following questions.1.You are now living on campus. How do you get along with your classmates?2.Are you willing to help out a stranger? Why or why not?3.Do you think it possible to be a true friend to someone whose name you don’t know?▇Answers for reference:1. A possible answer:I get along with my classmates pretty well. We help each other and take good care of eachother. When anyone is in trouble or difficulty, we do all we can to lend a helping hand. I love campus life. I believe that the time spent in this university will be an unforgettable experience in my life.2.Possible answers:a. To be hone st, with all the stories about how certain individuals take advantage of people’skindness and how people set out to help out a stranger but end up getting into big trouble, I would think twice before helping out a stranger.b. I am willing to help out a stranger, even if it means I would get myself into trouble,because I would feel bad if I passed by someone in need. After all, we’re not living on a one-man island. We need to rely on each other’s kindness. What’s more, I believe most people on earth are g ood and they do not take advantage of others’ kindness.3. A possible answer:Yes, I think so. True friendship lies in the communication between souls, and you don’t have to know the person’s name in order to know the soul.Section B Quotes▇Study the following quotes about language learning. Do you accept the ideas expressed in the quotes? State your reasons.▇Albert Einstein⊙The ideals which have lighted my way, and time after time have given me new courage to face life cheerfully, have been Kindness, Beauty, and Truth. The trite (陈腐的) objects of human efforts — possessions, outward success, luxury — have always seemed to me contemptible (不值得一顾的).—Albert EinsteinInterpretation:What gives me the courage to face challenges in life and move on optimistically is the showing and receiving of kindness and the pursuit of the good, the beautiful and the true. Humans tend to seek worldly possessions, fame, success, and luxury in life, but these things don’t interest me at all.About Albert Einstein (1879-1955): US physicist and mathematician, born in Germany, who developed the Theory of Relativity, which completely changed the way that scientists understand space and time.George Sand⊙Guard well within yourself that treasure, kindness. Know how to give without hesitation, how to lose without regret, how to acquire without meanness.—George SandInterpretation:Kindness is a virtue that we need to cultivate and value. With kindness, we know how to give selflessly without thinking about our losses. With kindness, we know how to lose and gain honourably.About George Sand (1804-1876):a French female writer of novels, whose real name was Amandine Aurore Dupin. She is known for her long relationship with the composer Chopin and for wearing men’s clothes to show her belief that women should have the same rights as men.Ralph Waldo Emerson⊙You cannot do a kindness too soon, for you never know how soon it will be too late.—Ralph Waldo EmersonInterpretation:If you want to perform an act of kindness to help others, just do it now before it is too late.About Ralph Waldo Emerson (1808-1882): a US poet and writer who had great influence on the religious and philosophical thought of his time.Section C Watching and DiscussionWatch the following video clip “Simple Acts of Kindness -- Give it a try” and do the tasks that follow:插入视频片段：“Simple Acts of Kindness -- Give it a try.wmv”1.What are the simple acts of kindness presented in the video clip?● a teenager gives his seat to a middle-aged woman burdened with several bags;● a man offers to pay for a young mother with a baby in her arms whose credit card isexpired;● a woman offers her lunchbox to a homeless person;● a young man lets an exhausted mother take the parking space he’s been waiting patientlyfor;● a woman gets a card with heart-warming words on it.2.Have you ever been touched by simple acts of kindness from strangers? Share yourexperiences with your group. (Open.)Script：A simple act of kindnessA simple act of kindness found me.A simple act of kindness saved me.A simple act of kindness brought me home.Well I don’t know if yo u could see there was a soul inside of me.If not for the kindness of a friend,Well maybe now you couldn’t tell but I’d be just an empty shell.If not for the kindness of a friend,I know how dark a human heart can be out there.I was so far gone I thought that no one ever could see me.(Chorus)I would be a lost and broken man.If it weren’t for the reaching of a hand,I’d be on that dark and lonely road.A simple act of kindness brought me home.It wasn’t all that long ago I would have thrown away my sou l,If not for the kindness of a friend,But now and then, I feel the sting of almost losing everything.If not for the kindness of a friend,I know how dark a human heart can be out there.But now I know compassion was the only thing I could figure.(Chorus)I would be a lost and broken man.If it weren’t for the reaching of a hand,I’d be on that dark and lonely road.A simple act of kindness brought me home.And now I’m glad I’m here and that I’m free.To pass along what someone gave to me.A simple act of kindness found meA simple act of kindness saved me.Part II Listen and RespondSection A Word BankIn this section you will listen to a short passage about smile. The following words and phrases may be of some help.Section B Task One: Focusing on the Main Ideas▇Turn to page 5.Choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences according to the information contained in the listening passage.1.Before graduating from college, the speaker was asked to __________________.A) make a piece of cake for the classB) write down people’s response to her smileC) observe how people smile at each otherD) act kindly to someone2. While waiting for her turn to get her breakfast at the local McDonalds, the speaker _______.A) was ready to serve the two poor homeless men who smelledB) saw a terrible dirty man standing in the lineC) found that a short gentleman was waiting for his mealD) noticed that a homeless man was smiling at her3. The two poor homeless men went to the local McDonalds to __________________.A) warm themselves B) have their breakfastC) wait for someone D) search for a friendly smile4. At the sight of the two homeless men, the speaker ______________.A) turned away from them to join her familyB) ordered for them two cups of hot coffeeC) bought them two breakfast mealsD) asked them what they wanted to eat5. After the speaker turned in her “project”, the speaker’s professor and her classmates_______________.A) had a heated discussion about smileB) exchanged their unusual experiencesC) were deeply touched by her smileD) were greatly moved by her story▇Key:1. B2. D3. A4. C5. DSection C Task Two: Zooming In on the DetailsListen to the recording again and fill in each of the blanks according to what you have heard.1.The speaker is a mother of _______ and has recently completed her ______________. The lastproject the professor assigned to her to do was to go out and ____________________ and then write down their _______________.2.Soon after she was assigned the project, she went with her family to the _________________ ona cold__________________. Just when they were standing in line, waiting to_________________, she smelled ___________________________. Two poor homeless men were also standing in line. They just wanted to _____________________ and ________, so they only asked for ___________. Obviously, it was all they could afford.3.Then she was suddenly filled with ___________. All eyes in the restaurant were set on her,judging her ____________. She smiled and bought the two homeless men ____________ ____________.4.She returned to college，with this _________ in hand. She turned in her “_________”. Herprofessor read it to the whole class. The whole class was ____________. She graduated with one of the biggest lessons she would ever learn — ________________________.▇Answers for reference:1.The speaker is a mother of three and has recently completed her college degree. The last projectthe professor assigned to her to do was to go out and smile at three people and then write down their reaction.2.Soon after she was assigned the project, she went with her family to the local McDonalds on acold March morning. Just when they were standing in line, waiting to be served, she smelled a horrible “dirty body” smell. Two poor homeless men were also standing in line. They justwanted to sit in the restaurant and warm up, so they only asked for coffee. Obviously, it was all they could afford.3.Then she was suddenly filled with sympathy. All eyes in the restaurant were set on her, judgingher every action. She smiled and bought the two homeless men two breakfast meals.4.She returned to college，with this story in hand. She turned in her “project”. Her professor readit to the whole class. The whole class was touched. She graduated with one of the biggest lessons she would ever learn —UNCONDITIONAL ACCEPTANCE.Script:SmileI am a mother of three and have recently completed my college degree. The last project the professor assigned us to do was called “Smile.” The class was asked to go out and smile at three people and then write down their reaction. I am a very friendly person and always smile at everyone I meet and say “hello”. So I thought that it would be a piece of cake for me.Soon after we were assigned the project, my husband, the youngest son and I went out to the local McDonalds on a cold March morning. Just when we were standing in line, waiting to be served, I smelled a horrible “dirty body” smell, and there standing behind me were two poor homeless men. As I looked down at the shorter gentleman close to me, he was smiling. His beautiful sky blue eyes were searching for acceptance. H e said, “Good day” as he counted the few coins he had. The second man was mentally retarded. The young lady at the counter asked the shorter man what they wanted. He said, “Just coffee for the two of us.” Obviously, it was all they could afford. To sit in the restaurant and warm up, they had to buy something — they just wanted to be warm.Then I was suddenly filled with sympathy. All eyes in the restaurant were set on me, judging my every action. I smiled and asked the young lady behind the counter to give me two more breakfast meals on a separate tray. I then walked to the table where the two men were sitting. I put the tray on the table and laid my hand on the blue-eyed gentleman’s cold hand. He looked up at me and said, “Thank you.” I leaned over and said, “Just help yourselves.” I started to cry when I walked away to join my husband and son. As I sat down, my husband smiled at me and held my hand for a moment.I returned to college, with this story in hand. I turned in “my project” and the professor was touched and read it to the whole class. The whole class was touched. I graduated with one of the biggest lessons I would ever learn — UNCONDITIONAL ACCEPTANCE.Part III Read and ExploreText ASection A Discovering the Main IdeasExercise 1: Answer the following questions with the information contained in Text A.1)Why didn’t the author stop for the hitchhiker?2)Did he feel guilty for not helping the young man?3)Why did the author decide to start his journey across America pennilessly?4)What did he discover as he travelled?5)What had happened to the trucker the author met on a rainy day?6)What conclusion did the author draw from his experiences mentioned in Paragraphs 15-18?7)Why did Carol invite the author to talk to her class about his trip?8)What conclusion did the author make about his trip when he talked to the students?▇Answers for reference:1)He thought that someone else would stop for him. And he was afraid of a possible robbery.2)No. He didn’t. But he was bothered by his easy and quick decision of leaving the young manstranded in the desert.3)He wanted to test if a person could still rely solely on the kindness of strangers or the goodwill of his fellow Americans these days.4)He found out that others shared his fear. Yet they still stubbornly helped strangers like him.5)He was once robbed at knife-point by a hitchhiker.6)He found that people were generally compassionate. And those who had the least to giveoften gave the most.7)She thought the children should be exposed to what else was out there — the good and thebad.8)He concluded that his faith in America had been renewed and that people could still dependon the kindness of strangers.Exercise 2: Text A can be divided into three parts. Now write down the paragraph number(s) of each part and then give the main idea of each in one or two sentences.Part Paragraph(s) Main IdeaOne 1-7 Because of a past experience of neglecting a hitchhiker inneed of help, the author decided to travel across Americawithout any money to find out if one could still rely on thekindness of strangers these days.Two 8-28 During his trip, he found out that people were generallycompassionate and willing to help although they might havefears.Three 29-31 He talked to school children and concluded in a patrioticmanner that in America people could still depend on thekindness of strangers.Section B In-depth StudyThere was a time in America when you would be considered selfish and looked down upon if you refused to help someone in need, but “I don’t want to get involved” has now become a national motto. Are people still willing to treat others with the same kindness their forefathers displayed? The author makes a cashless journey through the land of the almighty dollar to test his faith in America. And the answer he finds is: you can still depend on the kindness ofstrangers.The Kindness of StrangersMike Mclntyre1. One summer I was driving from my hometown of Tahoe City, California, to New Orleans. In the middle of the desert, I came upon a young man standing by the roadside. He had his thumb out and held a gas can in his other hand. I drove right by him. Someone else will stop for him, I reasoned. Besides, that gas can is just a ploy to flag down a car and rob the driver. There was a time in this co untry when you’d be considered a jerk if you passed by somebody in need. Now you’re a fool for helping. With gangs, drug addicts, murderers, rapists, thieves and carjackers lurking everywhere, why risk it? “I don’t want to get involved” has become a national motto.2. Several states later I was still thinking about the hitchhiker. Leaving him stranded in the desert didn’t bother me as much. What bothered me was how easily I had reached the decision. I never even lifted my foot off the accelerator. Does anyone stop anymore? I wondered.3. I thought of my destination — New Orleans, the setting for Tennessee Williams’s play A Streetcar Named Desire. I recalled Blanche DuBois’s famous line: “I have always depended on the kindness of strangers.”4. The kindness of strangers. It sounds so quaint. Could anyone rely on the kindness of strangers these days?5. One way to test this would be for a person to journey from coast to coast without any money, relying solely on the good will of his fellow Americans. What kind of America would he find? Who would feed him, shelter him, carry him down the road?6. The idea intrigued me. But who’d be crazy enough to try such a trip? Well, I figured, why not me.7. The week I turned 37, I realized I’d never taken a gamble in my life. So I decided to make a leap of faith a continent wide — to go from the Pacific to the Atlantic without a penny. If I was offered money, I’d refuse it. I’d accept only rides, food and a place to rest my head.It would be a cashless journey through the land of the almighty dollar. My final destination would be Cape Fear in North Carolina, a symbol of all the fears I’d have to conquer during the trip.8. I rose early on September 6, 1994,hoisted a 50-pound pack onto my back and headed for the Golden Gate Bridge. Then I took a sign from my backpack, displaying my destination to passing vehicles: “America.”9. Drivers mouthed the word through windshields, then, smiled. Two women rode by on bicycles. “It’s a bit vague,” said one. A young man with a Ge rman accent wandered up and asked, “Where is this ‘America’?”10. Indeed, for six weeks I tried to find out. I hitched 82rides and covered 4,223 miles across 14 states. As I traveled, I discovered that others shared my fear. Folks were always warning me about someplace else. In Montana they told me to watch out for the cowboys in Wyoming. In Nebraska I was warned that people would not be as nice in Iowa.11. Yet I was treated with kindness in every state I traveled. I was amazed by the stubborn capacity of Americans to help a stranger, even when it seemed to run contrary to their own best interests. One day in Nebraska a four-door sedan pulled to the road shoulder. When I reached the window, I saw two little old ladies dressed in their Sunday finest.12. “I know you’re not supposed to pick up hitchhikers, but it’s so far between towns out here, you feel bad passing a person,” said the driver, who introduced herself as Vi. She and her sister Helen were going to see an eye doctor in Ainsworth, Nebraska.13. I didn’t know whether to kiss them or scold them for stopping. This woman was telling me she’d rather risk her life than feel bad about passing a stranger on the side of the road. When they dropped me at a highway junction, I looked at Vi. We both spoke at the same time: “Be careful.”14. Once when I was hitchhiking unsuccessfully in the rain, a trucker pulled over, locking his brakes so hard that he skidded on the grass shoulder. The driver told me he was once robbed at knifepoint by a hitchhiker. “But I hate to see a man stand out in the rain,” he added. “People don’t have no heart anymore.”15. I found, however, that people were generally compassionate. A middle-aged Iowa couple shepherded me around for an hour, trying to help me find a campground. In South Dakota a woman whose family had given me a night’s lodging handed me two stamped post cards: one to let her know how my trip turned out; the other to send the next day, telling her where I was so she wouldn’t worry about me.16. Hearing I had no money and would take none, people in every state bought me food or shared whatever they happened to have with them. A park ranger in Ukiah, Calif., gave me some carrots. A college student handed me sacks filled with organic tomatoes and melons. A woman in Iowa gave me two bundles of graham crackers, two cans of soda, two cans of tuna, two apples and two pieces of chicken.17. The people who had the least to give often gave the most. In Oregon a home painter named Mike noted the chilly weather and asked if I had a coat. When I replied, “a light one,” he drove me to his house, rummaged through his garage and handed me a bulky green Army-style jacket. 18. Elsewhere in Oregon a lumber-mill worker named Tim invited me to a simple dinner with his family in their dilapidated house. He gave me a Bible. Then he offered me his tent. I refused, knowing it was probably one of the family’s most valuable possessions. But Tim was determined that I have it, and finally I agreed to take it.19. I was grateful to all the people I met for their rides, their food, their shelter, their gifts. But the kindest act of all was when they merely were themselves.20. One day I walked into the local chamber of commerce in Jamestown, Tennessee. A man inside the old stone building j umped up from his cluttered desk. “Come on in,”said Baxter Wilson, 59. He was the executive director.21. When I asked him about camping in the area, he handed me a brochure for a local campground. “Would you like me to call for you?” he asked.22. Seeing that it cost $12,I replied, “No, that’s all right. I’m not sure what I’m going to do.”23. Then he saw my backpack. “Almost anybody around here will let you pitch a tent on their land, if that’s what you want,” he said.24. Now you’re talking, I th o ught. “Any particular direction?” I asked.25. “Tell you what. I’ve got a big farm about ten miles south of here. If you’re here at 5:30, you can ride with me. “26. I accepted, and we drove out to a magnificent country house. Suddenly I realized he’d invited me to spend the night in his home.27. His wife, Carol, was cooking a pot roast when we walked into the kitchen. A seventh-grade science teacher, she was the picture of Southern charm.28. Baxter explained that local folks were “mountain stay-at-home people”, and he considered himself one of them. “We rarely entertain in our house,” he said. “When we do, it’s usually kin.” The revelation made my night there all the more special.29. The next morning when I came downstairs, Carol asked if I’d com e to her school and talk to her class about my trip. I told her I didn’t want to encourage a bunch of seventh-graders to hitchhike across the United States. But Carol said the kids should be exposed to what else is out there —the good and the bad. “They n eed to know,” she said.30. I agreed, and before long had been scheduled to talk to every class in the school. All the kids were well-mannered and attentive. Their questions kept coming: Where were people the kindest? How many pairs of shoes did I have? Had anybody tried to run me over? Were the pigs’ feet as good in other parts of the country? Had I fallen in love with anyone? What was I most afraid of?31. Although I hadn’t planned it this way, I discovered that a patriotic tone ran through the talksI gave that afternoon. I told the students how my faith in America had been renewed. I told them how proud I was to live in a country where people were still willing to help out a stranger. I told them that the question I had in mind when I planned the trip was clearly answered. Indeed, no matter who you are, you can still depend on the kindness of strangers.配图1（Para. 1）：一个男孩在高速公路边一手伸出示意想搭便车，另一手里拿着汽油罐。