中学英语语法数词

中学英语语法数词

表示数目多少或顺序先后的词叫做数词(numeral)。数词与不定代词很相似，其用法相当于名词与形容词。

数词有两种。表示数目多少的数词叫做基数词(cardinal numberal), 如one, ten, fifty-two等。表示顺序先后的数词叫做序数词(ordinal numeral), 如first, tenth, fiftieth等。

(一)基数词

1)1—12的基数词是：

one 1 seven 7

two 2 eight 8

three 3 nine 9

four 4 ten 10

five 5 eleven 11

six 6 twelve 12

13—19，皆由3—9加后缀-teen构成，即：

thirteen 13 seventeen 17

fourteen 14 eighteen 18

fifteen 15 nineteen 19

sixteen 16 (注意：thirteen, fifteen, eighteen的拼法)

20—90等十位数均由2—9加后缀-ty构成，即：

twenty 20 thirty 30

forty 40 seventy 70

fifty 50 eighty 80

sixty 60 ninety 90

(注意：twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, eighty的拼法)

21—29由十位数20加个位数1—9构成，中间须有连字符“-”，即： twenty-one 21 twenty-six 26

twenty-two 22 twenty-seven 27

twenty-three 23 twenty-eight 28

twenty-four 24 twenty-nine 29

twenty-five 25

其它的十位数照此类推，如：

thirty-one 31 seventy-five 75

forty-two 42 eighty-six 86

fifty-three 53 ninety-seven 97

sixty-four 64

2)百位数由1—9加hundred构成，如包含十位数及个位数，中间用and连接，也可以不用；如只包含个位数，即十位数为零时，则and不可省。如：

a (one) hundred 100

two hundred 200

three hundred 300

seven hundred and six 706

a (one) hundred (and)twenty-five 125

three hundred (and) forty-one 341

nine hundred (and) eighty-seven 987

twelve hundred 1200

(英语中从1 100—1 900之间的整数常用hundred表示)

3)千位数由1—9加thousand构成，其后的百、十、个位数构成方法同前。如：

a (one) thousand 1 000

two thousand 2 000

three thousand 3 000

five thousand six hundred 5 600

six thousand eight hundred 6 800

a (one) thousand one hundred (and)forty-nine 1 149 (此处hundred之前不可用a)

three thousand five hundred (and) thirty-seven 3 537英语里没有“万”这一单位，万也用thousand表示。如：

ten thousand 10 000

twenty thousand 20 000

thirty thousand 30 000

ten thousand one hundred 10 100

twenty thousand two hundred (and) thirty 20 230

forty thousand seven hundred (and) eighty-five 40 785

fifty-five thousand four hundred(and)ninety-three 55 493

十万的说法是：

a (one) hundred thousand 100 000

two hundred thousand 200 000

three hundred thousand 300 000

one hundred and one thousand 101 000

(此处thousand之前不可用a)

two hundred twenty thousand 220 000

three hundred forty thousand five hundred 340 500

four hundred sixty-two thousand seven hundred (and)eighty-nine 462 789

4)百万的说法是：

a (one) million 1 000 000

two million 2 000 000

three million 3 000 000

two million three hundred thousand 2 300 000

three million four hundred twenty-one thousand five hundred 3 421 500

four million five hundred thirty-five thousand six hundred(and)fifty-nine 4 535 659

千万及千万以上的说法是： sixty million 6千万

five hundred million 5亿

eight thousand million 80亿(等于美国英语eight billion)

展开全文阅读thirty thousand million 3百亿(等于美国英语thirty billion)

a (one) hundred thousand million 1千亿(等于美国英语a(one) hundred billion)

［注］英国英语的billion=1 000 000 000 000, 即1012，等于美国英语的trillion。

现在英国也有人采用美国用法，故英国计量局认为最好避免使用billion, trillion(美制1012，英制105)和quadrillion(美制1015，英制1018)。

5)基数词相当于名词，可有复数形式，其构成方法及读音与名词相同。hundred, thousand和million的复数形式常后接of短语，表示不确定数目。如：

two threes 两个三

a man in his forties 40多岁的人

hundreds (thousands, millions) of dollars 成百(千、百万)美元

tens of thousands of people 成万的人

hundreds and hundreds of times 成百倍

thousands upon thousands people 成千成万的人

［注］million的名词性较强，故亦可说a million of times(百万倍)，two millions of people(2百万人)等。

如hundreds, thousands与millions的意义清楚时，其后的of短语可省去，如：

Hundreds of thousands are homeless.

几十万人无家可归。

表示数量的dozens与scores的用法和hundreds, thousands相似。如：

I have told you dozens of times. 我跟你说过几十次了。

They received scores of letters about their TV programmes.

关于他们的电视节目，他们收到了大批来信。

(二)基数词的功用

基数词在句中可用作主语、表语、宾语、定语、同位语和状语等。

1)用作主语。如：

It is said that thirteen is an unlucky number.

据说13是一个不吉利的数目。

Three of them joined the school team.

他们中有三人参加了校队。(如说the three of them则意谓“他们三人”)

Two twos are four.

二二得四。

［注］There were eight of us in my family的意思是“我们家里以前有八口人”，表示数人数的结果。of在此表同位关系。

2)用作表语。如：

The boy is ten.

这男孩十岁了。(等于ten years old)

Five times five is twenty-five.

5乘5等于25。

3)用作宾语。如：

The shop-assistant wears a nine on her uniform.

那个女售货员的制服上戴着9号徽章。

4)用作定语。如：

I have invited ten people to the party.

我邀请了10个人参加晚会。

［注］在the(a, that)100 metre race(那(一)项百米赛跑)中的100须读作one hundred.

5)用作同位语。如：

Are you two reading?

你们二人在看书吗?

6)用作状语。如：

I hate riding two on a bike.

我不喜欢骑自行车带人。

(三)序数词

英语序数词第1—19除first，second与third有特殊形式外，其余均由基数词加后缀-th构成。现将第1—19的序数词(包括其缩写式)列出如下：

first 1st eleventh 11th

second 2nd twelfth 12th(twelf加th)

third 3rd thirteenth 13th

fourth 4th fourteenth 14th

fifth 5th(fif加th) fifteenth 15th

sixth 6th sixteenth 16th

seventh 7th seventeenth 17th

eighth 8th(后只加h) eighteenth 18th

ninth 9th(nin加th) nineteenth 19th

tenth 10th

十位数的序数词的构成方法是：先将十位数的基数词的词尾ty中的y变为i，然后加后缀-eth。如：