英语中考 直升考实战语法5 动词和动词短语 s

中考英语专项复习专题五：动词及动词短语1动词的基本框架动词包括实义动词、系动词、助动词和情态动词。

(一)实义动词实义动词是能独立作谓语的动词。

按其句法功能可分为及物动词和不及物动词;按其持续性可分为延续性动词和非延续性动词。

1.及物动词：及物动词本身意义不完整,需要接宾语才能使其意思完整。

(1)动词+宾语I like this book very much.我非常喜欢这本书。

(2)动词+宾语+宾补We call the bird Polly.我们叫这只鸟Polly。

I saw the children play in the park yesterday.昨天我看见孩子们在公园玩。

注意:用省略to的不定式或现在分词作宾补的动词有:have,see,watch,notice,hear等。

(3)动词+间接宾语+直接宾语Please pass me the salt.请把盐递给我。

常见的带双宾语的动词有:give,bring,buy,get,leave,lend,make,offer,pass,teach,tell等。

2.不及物动词不及物动词自身意思完整,不用接宾语。

Horses run fast.马跑得快。

(1)有些动词既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词。

We study English.我们学习英语。

(及物动词)We study hard.我们努力学习。

(不及物动词)(2)有些不及物动词与一些别的词搭配在一起构成动词短语,它的作用相当于一个及物动词。

①动词+介词Listen to the teacher carefully.仔细听老师讲。

此类动词短语后面的宾语无论是名词还是代词,都只能放在介词后面,不能放在动词和介词之间。

②动词+副词+介词Let’s go on with our work!让我们继续我们的工作吧!He gets along well with his classmates.他与他的同学们相处得很好。

中考英语动词与动词短语动词动词的概述：英语中用来表示动作或状态的词叫动词。

动词的分类动词可分为实义动词（行为动词）、系动词、助动词和情态动词四大类。

一、实义动词实义动词（notional verb）：含有实际意义，可单独充当句子的谓语。

表示主语的动作、状态和品质。

实义动词分为及物动词（transitive verb）和不及物动词(intransitive verb)。

实义动词的分类与用法1.及物动词及物动词及物动词本身意义不完整，后面必须接宾语，意思才完整。

常见及物动词visit, ask, win, answer, beat, serve, marry, enter, discuss, attend(参加), reach, drop（落下，放弃）, kill, raise等等。

注意当主语是物时，及物动词sell, feel, taste, wash, read, write 等常用作不及物动词，表示被动的意思，用来说明主语的特征。

① The silk feels soft.这丝绸摸上去很柔软。

②The pen writes well.这支笔很好用。

③ This kind of shoes sells well.这种鞋很畅销。

2.不及物动词不及物动词本身意义完整，后面不能接宾语，若要接宾语，要用介词作“桥梁”。

常见不及物动词go(to),come(to),happen(to) swim,run,dance,talk (to),reply (to), return (to), point(to, at ) , knock (at, on ), wait (for ), listen ( to), look (at ), arrive (in , at ), get (to),fall (off ), die (of , from), rise (up ) 等。

使用不及物动词时需注意①不及物动词没有被动形式。

中考英语动词考点分类讲解练习动词是表示动作或状态的词。

动词在句子中充当谓语,用来说明主语是什么或做什么。

一、实义动词实义动词按照其后是否能跟宾语可分为及物动词和不及物动词。

1.及物动词及物动词就是后面必须跟宾语意义才完整的动词。

如love,need,want,have,teach,make等。

I love my mother.我爱我的母亲。

2.不及物动词(1)不及物动词本身意义完整,其后不必跟宾语。

如come,go,run,travel,listen,swim,live,work等。

The man works hard.这个人工作努力。

(2)如果需要带宾语,则不及物动词需要跟适当的介词连用。

Look at the blackboard.看黑板。

3.短语动词l 动词+介词look after照看look for寻找l 动词+副词put up 建立;举起turn on打开l 动词+副词+介词catch up with 赶上do away with 废除l 动词+名词+介词take care of照料;照顾pay attention to注意make use of利用l 动词+名词lose heart失去信心take place 发生【提醒】“动词+副词”形式的短语动词可用作及物或不及物动词。

如果作及物动词,若宾语是名词,可以放在副词之后,也可以放在动词与副词之间。

如果宾语是代词,则必须放在动词与副词之间。

【即学即练】1.—What’s wrong with Simon? He isn’t at school today.—His legs hurt. He was by a motorcycle this morning.A.treatedB.hitC.operatedD.cured2.While traveling in a strange place, you’d better the local people and follow their customs(习俗).A.watchB.changeC.controlD.teach1答案:B2答案:A二、系动词系动词不能单独作谓语,必须与表语一起构成谓语。

专题一动词和动词短语动词是实词的一种，表示动作或状态。

动词一般分为实义动词、感官动词、系动词、助动词和情态动词五种。

考点1 动词的基本形式1.动词的第三人称单数形式在一般现在时态中，当句子的主语是第三人称单数时，句中谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。

一般在动词原形后加s或-es构成。

详细规则如下：2.动词的现在分词形式在进行时态中，动词原形要变为现在分词形式。

现在分词一般在动词原形末尾加-ing。

详细规则如下：3.动词的过去式和过去分词形式在一般过去时态和完成时态中，动词原形要变为过去式或过去分词形式。

过去式和过去分词形式一般在动词原形末尾加-ed。

详细规则如下：备注：动词的过去式、过去分词的不规则变化形式，没有具体的变化规律，需单独记忆。

考点2 及物动词和不及物动词实义动词具有实在的意义，表示动作或状态，可在句中独立作谓语。

实义动词分为及物动词和不及物动词。

1.及物动词本身意义不完整，需要接宾语才能使其意思表达完整，如reach, ask, return, love, need, teach等。

及物动词常用于下面三种句型中：(1)主语+谓语动词+宾语如：He reached Canada the day before yesterday. 他前天到达加拿大。

(2)主语+谓语动词+宾语+宾语补足语如：They asked me to go fishing with them. 他们让我和他们一起去钓鱼。

(3)主语+谓语动词+间接宾语+直接宾语如：I will return him the storybook. 我准备把故事书还给他。

2.不及物动词本身意思完整，无须接宾语，构成“主语+谓语”结构，如swim, come, go, run, travel等。

如后面接宾语，必须与介词连用。

如：Lucy is swimming. 露西正在游泳。

I am waiting for you at the school gate. 我正在校门口等你。

中考英语语法专项复习动词的分类及动词短语【中考解读】【考点分布】1.实义动词2.连系动词3.助动词4.情态动词【考点内容】掌握实义动词中及物动词和不及物动词的语法作用和延续性动词的用法，牢记连系动词和助动词基本用法及情态动词的辨析与运用。

【命题趋势】1.考察在特殊语境中动词、连系动词、助动词及情态动词的运用2.实义动词的词义辨析【动词定义】：表示动作和状态的词【动词分类】：动词按照其词义和在句中的作用可分为：实义动词、连系动词、助动词和情态动词一、系动词系动词有一定的词义，不但不完整，不能单独作谓语，必须和表语一起构成谓语，说明主语的状态、性质、特征或身份。

具体分类见下表She is a friendly girl and always gets on well with others.她很友好，总是能和别人友好相处。

She becomes more beautiful than three years ago.她比三年前漂亮多了。

The window remained open all the night.这扇窗子整夜开着。

The food in that restaurant looks delicious, but it tastes bad.那家餐馆的食物看起来不错，但尝起来难吃。

【注意】：（1）一般情况下，系动词没有被动语态形式。

（2）表示状态的系动词一般不用于进行时（feel除外）；变化系动词表示“渐渐……”，可用于进行时。

It’s getting warmer and warmer.天气渐渐变得暖和。

[同步练习]①—The oranges ____________sweet.—Of course. They are from Yongxing, Chenzhou.taste B. eat C. drink②—Why do you ______ so upset?—Because I didn’t get the first place in the English competition.look B.sound C.smell D. feelKey:A,A二、助动词助动词：本身没有词义，不能单独作谓语，只能和实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语，以表示时态、语态、语气、人称和数，构成否定、疑问、强调、省略等。

中考英语语法知识一、常考动词固定搭配1.agree①agree with“同意”，后接表示人的名词或代词，也可以接表示“意见，看法”的名词[例]We all agree with him.我们都同意他的意见。

[例2]Do you agree with my ideas? 你同意我的观点吗?②agree to“同意”，后面接表示“计划，建议，安排”等的名词，接动词原形时构成动词不定式结构[例1]He agreed to our plan at last.最后他同意了我们的计划。

[例2]They agreed to come on Monday.他们同意星期一来。

③agree on“(两人以上)就…取得一致意见，在…方面意见一致”→其主语多为复数形式，宾语是表示事、计划等的名词，而不是表示人的名词或代词→可以与agree in doing sth替换。

表示经过协商，讨论或谈判而就某事双方取得了一致意见用on.[例]They agreed on the plan.=They agreed in doing the plan.他们对这个计划意见一致。

④ agree about sth.涉及讨论的题目[例]They never agree about politics.他们在政治问题上从不达成一致。

2.break① break away（from）逃走、逃脱[例]The robbery suspect broke away from the lockup.抢劫嫌疑犯从拘留所逃脱了。

② break down vi（机器）损坏、抛锚；vt/vi 破坏、拆散、毁坏，把(整体)分解，打破[例1]The truck broke down halfway to the destination.汽车在到达目的地的中途抛锚。

[例2]Her health broke down under the pressure of work.她的健康在工作压力下垮了。

中考英语语法精品总复习五动词动词1）表示动作中状态的词叫做动词。

2）根据其在句中的功能，动词可分为四类，分别是：实义动词、系动词、助动词、情态动词。

说明：有些情况下，有些动词是兼类词。

例如：We are having a meeting. 我们正在开会。

（have是实义动词。

）He has gone to New York. 他已去纽约。

（have是助动词。

）3）动词根据其后是否带有宾语，可分为两类，分别是：及物动词、不及物动词，英语缩写形式分别为vt. 和vi.。

说明：同一动词有时可用作及物动词，有时可用作不及物动词。

例如：She can dance and sing. 她能唱歌又能跳舞。

（sing在此用作不及物动词。

）She can sing many English songs. 她能唱好多首英文歌曲。

（sing用作及物动词。

）4）动词根据是否受主语的人称和数的限制，可分两类，分别是：限定动词、非限定动词例如：She sings very well. 她唱得很好。

（sing受主语she的限制，故用第三人称单数形式sings。

）She wants to learn English well. 她想学好英语。

（to learn不受主语she的限制，没有词形变化，是非限定动词。

）说明：英语中共有三种非限定动词，分别是：动词不定式、动名词、分词。

5）根据动词的组成形式，可分为三类，分别是：单字词、短语动词、动词短语例如： The English language contains many phrasal verbs and verbal phrases. 英语里有许多短语动词和动词短语。

（contains是单字动词。

）Students should learn to look up new words in dictionaries. 学生们学会查字典。

（look up是短语动词。

）The young ought to take care of the old. 年轻人应照料老人。

2024年冲刺中考---动词及动词短语辨析知识导图1.动词的分类实义动词：及物动词，不及物动词系动词：be 动词，感官动词，get/become/tum助动词：do,does,did, will, would, have, has, had情态动词：can,may, must 等2.动词/动词词义辨析：关键是根据上下文读懂语境，理解词义。

3.动词短语辨析：关键是通过语境辨析动词短语的不同搭配，分三种类型记忆（1）同一介词/副词型（2）同一动词型（2）混合型up 短语cheer up 使振奋clean up 清理catch up 赶上cut up 切碎dress up 打扮end up 结束get up 起床give up 放弃go up 上升grow up 长大hurry up 赶快look up 查阅；抬头看make up 编造；组成pick up 捡起put up 张贴set up 建立；开办show up 出现；露面take up 占据stay up 熬夜turn up 出现；发生wake up 醒来out 短语blow out 吹灭break out 爆发bring out 使显现cut out 切断；删除come out 出现；出版die out 灭绝；消失find out 查明；发现hang out 闲逛leave out 遗漏，省去look out 当心point out 指出put out 熄灭run out 用光，用尽sell out卖完，售光work out 算出；解决about 短語argue about 争论care about 关心；在意hear about 听说learn about 了解think about 思考：思索bring about 帯来；造成dream about 梦想；梦到know about 了解talk about 谈论worry about 担心at 短语shout at 沖……大声叫嚷knock at 敲……laugh at 嘲笑，取笑smile at 对……微笑call at 拜访，访问；停靠（车站）arrive at 到达（小地方）point at 指向off 短語break off 突然中止，中断clean off 扫除，擦去fall off 跌落；下降；减少：离开give off 发出；放出pay off 偿清（欠款等）show off 炫耀ring off 挂断电话，停止讲话sel off 出发，动身前往cut off 切除keep off 避开，不接近put off 推退nun off 跑掉，迅速离开look 短语look after 照顾；照看look around（四处）转转；参观look for 寻找；寻求look into 调查；观察look like 看起来像look out 小心；注意look over 检查look through 快速查看；浏览look up（在词典、参考书中或通过电脑）查阅；抬头看look down upon 瞧不起；看低look forward to 盼望；期待⋯look up to 钦佩；仰慕turn 短语tum down 调低；关小turn in 上交turn into 变成tum off 关掉turn on 接通（电流、煤气、水等）：打开（2014A.3gturn out 结果是tum to 转向；求助于turn up 开大；调高come 短语come across（偶然）遇见come back 回来；回想起come along 出现come down 降落；落下come from 来自come in 进来come out 出現：出版come on 赶快；加油come over 来访come up to 共计：到come up with 想出；提出（生意、计划等）get 短语gel away 逃离get back 回来get in 进人；到达；收获get on 上车gel off 下年get out 离开，出去get over 克服get to 到达get up 起床；站起get into 人；参与get out of 离开：从⋯⋯出来get used to 习惯于get in the way 挡⋯⋯的路：妨碍get on/along with 和睦相处；关系良好give短语give away 捐赠give in 屈服，让步give out 散布，分发give back 归还；交还give back还给，归还give off发出（光、热等）give up 放弃put 短语put away 收起来put back 放回原处put down写下，记下put into... 将⋯放入⋯⋯put on 穿上；上演；（体重）增加put out 熄灭；扑灭put off 推迟put up 搭建；张贴；举起take 短语take after（外貌或行为）像take away 带走，拿走take down 拆除；住下拽；记录take in 吸人；吞入（体内）take off 起飞；脱掉take on 承担take up 占据；开始做take out 带出take over 接收；接管专项训练1. The drivers must________the traffic rules if they want to be safe on the road.A. followB. breakC. make2. You are full of energy and thirsty for knowledge, so it is no wonder that you can________.A. succeedB. finishC. suggest3. Sometimes life isn't as perfect as we.________We may face many difficulties in our life.A. catchB. mindC. imagine4. Through these stories, we would deeply ________China's culture, history and tradition.A. understandB. searchC. compare5. Don't________the chance when you can catch it, or you will regret one day.A. chooseB. missC. give6. —Hi Linda, sorry to________you. Could I borrow your camera?—OK, here you are. But you have to return it this Friday.A. refuseB. warn7. It was hard to________my joy with words when 1 was admitted to an American university.A. chooseB. describeC. improve8. My little brother________painting very much. So my parents send him to the art school.A. likesB. hatesC. begins9. Please smile when you feel down! Smile can help you________your sadness.A. acceptB. rememberC. forget10. I had trouble________English, and my English teacher advised me to go to the English corner to talk with others.A. sayingB. tellingC. speaking11. —Do you enjoy Chinese folk songs?—Yes, the folk songs ________nice.A. soundB. smellC. look12. The air in the morning is so fresh in the countryside that________early to exercise.A. get upB. turn upC. dress up13. When the best singer________in our class, everyone shouted in excitement.A. picked upB. took upC. showed up14. My grandpa always________at six in the morning. He plays Tai Chi in the yard to keep fit.A. wakes upB. cheers upC. looks up15. We always________our classroom every afternoon,which makes us study in a comfortable environment.A. set upB. clean upC. put up16. In a soccer game, it's important for players to play together and________ the best in each other.A. run outB. leave out17. By reading stories of successful people, we can learn a lot from their experiences and________their secrets tosuccess.A. pick outB. try outC. find out18. Students' life shouldn't just be about grades. Free time activities like sports and________with friends are important, too.A. hanging outB. setting outC. coming out19. Many people still don't have enough clean drinking water, so we should________how to save water.A. bring aboutB. dream aboutC. think about20. We have never visited the museum, but we have ________it for several times.A. asked aboutB. heard aboutC. written about21. Tell me when you will________the airport. I'd like my brother to pick you up then.A.point atB.shout atC.arrive at22. Listen! Is there someone_______the door? You'd better go and have a look.A. calling atB. knocking atC. smiling at23. Although the two good friends moved to different countries, they haven't________their relationship.A. cut offB.broken offC. shown off24. Pleasethe dangerous animals when you are________taking a close-up photo with them.A. keep offB. fall offC. pay off25. These children live far away from school. They ________very early every day.A. run offB. clean offC. set off26. I lost my wallet.I________it everywhere but I still couldn't find it.A. looked afterA.looked throughC. looked for27. You can________new words in your e-dictionary. It is very convenient.A.look upB.look intoC.look over28. —Peter,_______! There's a car coming on your way.—OK! Thank you for reminding me.A. look likeB. look downC. look out29. To avoid making mistakes, you should________your test paper carefully before handing it in.A. look aroundB. look overC. look after30. Don't forget to________the lights when they are not in use!A. turn overB. turn offC. turn up31. —Would you like to attend the party next week, Mr.Smith?—Sure, I'd love to. I have no reason to________your invitation.A. turn intoB. turn toC. turn down32. —Do you remember our middle school classmate Jane?—Of course. She has been in America for 4 years. But she________last month.A. came backB. came onC. came out33. If you have nothing to do this evening, you can________ and have dinner with us.A. come acrossB. come overC. come along34. Please________the bus quickly. The door is going to close.A. get overB. get onC. get to35. No matter how far away or how busy we are, we should try to________to spend more time with our family.A. get backB. get awayC. get in36. In order to keep us from________traffic accidents, we mustn't play with our cellphones when crossfily the road.A. getting intoB. getting offC. getting out37. For the old man's health, the doctor advises him to________smoking.A. give offB. give upC. give away38. In the face of difficulty, never________succeed sooner or later.A. give inB. give backC. give out39. Don't________today's work till tomorrow. Today's work must be done today.A. put onB. put downC. put off40. A primary school in England has________signs at its three entrances, saying: Greet your child with a smile, not a mobile.A. put awayB. put upC. put back41. I am going to________a new hobby like swimming or dancing this summer holiday.A. take overB. take upC. take after42. —Jack, can you help me to________the rubbish when you leave the room?—Of course, Mum.A. take offB. take downC. take out43. We shouldn't________disabled people. Instead, we should care about and be friendly to them.A. worry aboutB. talk toC. laugh at44. —Hi, Lucy! How do you study for a test?—Well, most of the time by________ the notes and reading the textbook.A.starting withB.going overC. handing in45. Life is a journey with troubles, but with care and wisdom you can________any problem you face.A. agree withB. work outC.search for46. Fighting for your dreams is like climbing a mountain. Whatever difficulties you meet, don't give up. Just________.A. move onB. break outC. take in47. Mike________his computer and checked his e-mail as soon as he came back.A. turned onB. shut offC. looked through48. I think you'd better________before giving your answer. This problem is not so easyfly you think.A. go acrossB. think overC. cut down答案：1. A 2. А 3. С4. A5. В6. С7. В8. АС9.C 10. С11. А12. А13. С14. А15. В16. C 17. C 18.A 19. С20. В21. С22. B 23. B 24. A 25. C.26. C 27. A 28. C 29.B 30. B 31. C 32. A 33. B 34. B 35. A 36. A 37.В38. А39. С40. В41. В42. С43. С44. В45. В46. А47. А48. В。

2021中考英语专题复习——动词及动词短语一、行为动词行为动词分为及物动词(vt.)和不及物动词(vi.)两类,能独立作句子的谓语。

1. 及物动词后面必须跟宾语才能完整地表达意思。

(正)Yesterday I bought a book.(误)Yesterday I bought.2. 不及物动词后面不跟宾语,句子的意思也完整。

若不及物动词后要跟宾语,则动词与宾语之间需加介词或副词,构成动词短语。

She cried yesterday. 她昨天哭了。

Please listen to the teacher carefully.请认真听老师讲课。

3. 延续性动词和非延续性动词(1)延续性动词表示一种可持续的行为过程或状态,可以和表示一段时间的状语连用,如“for+一段时间”、“since+从句”、“since+表示时间点的名词”等。

I have lived in Beijing for 13 years.我在北京已经住了13年了。

I have been like this since Friday.从周五开始我就一直这样。

(2)非延续性动词表示动作或过程是短暂瞬间完成的,不可以和表示时间段的状语连用。

(误)I have bought the bike for three years.(正) I have had the bike for three years.这辆自行车我买了三年了。

(3)常见非延续性动词和延续性动词的转换。

二、系动词系动词是连接主语和表语的动词,构成“主系表”结构,主要用来说明主语的身份、性质、特征或状态。

系动词无被动语态,也不能用于进行时态。

1．表示“存在、状态”的系动词：be, remain, keep, stay2．感官系动词：look, feel, smell, sound, taste3．表示“变化”的系动词：become, go, get, grow, turn例：The yellow flower is very beautiful.这朵黄色的花非常漂亮。

动词及动词短语中考对动词的考查主要围绕实义动词、系动词、情态动词和动词短语等考查，学生在平时学习时应注意掌握常见易混动词（短语）、系动词和情态动词的用法。

动词是用来描述主语的动作行为或状态的一类词。

动词在句中作谓语，用来说明主语是什么、处于什么状态或做什么。

动词有不同的形式，这些形式体现了动作发生的时间、语态等信息。

中考对动词的考查方式灵活、题型多样。

考向一：实义动词考向二：连系动词—What will a science museum be like if you are asked to build one?—I hope it will_____________like a book.A.tasteB.soundC.lookD.smell 考向三：助动词考向四：动词短语真题再现1.You’ll have to______the books because there aren’t enough for everyone.【2019•江西省】A.packB.sellC.chooseD.share2.—Look,Linda.The flowers in our classroom came out in one night.—I can’t believe it.They are beautiful and colorful.They great.【2019•四川省乐山市】A.soundB.smellC.taste3.Roy works in London.It_________him about half an hour to get to work by bus every day.【2019•山东省临沂市】A.costsB.spendsC.takes4.—Whose cap is this?Is it Cindy’s?【2019•甘肃省敦煌市】—It_________be hers.Don’t you remember she even didn’t come to the party?A.can’tB.mightC.may notD.must5.My deskmate and I are going to_________a talk show at the party to celebrate the70th birthday of our motherland.【2019•福建省】A.hand inB.put onC.take out6.—Shall we go to the airport to_________your sister?【2019•安徽省】—I don’t think it’s necessary.She will come here by taxi.A.see offB.pick upC.look aftere across7.Spring has come.We can’t_____________the plan.The trees must be planted this week.A.put offB.make upe up withD.look up模拟预测8.The happiest thing for me is_________what I know with others.【云南省曲靖市第一中学2019届九年级上学期期中考试】A.shareB.to shareC.decideD.to decide9.—I can’t stand the smell of the stinking tofu.【湖南省长沙市麓山国际实验学校2018届九年级第一次模拟】—Would you like to have a try?It_________quite delicious!A.looksB.soundsC.tastesD.smells10.The film is wonderful,but it_________too much.It will_________me two weeks to make money to buy a ticket.【甘肃省天水市第一中学2018届九年级上学期期末模四考试】A.costs;spendB.takes;costC.costs;takeD.spends;take11.—_________she play chess?【甘肃省天水市第一中学2018届九年级上学期期末模四考试】—No,she_________.A.Can;can’tB.Does;canC.Can;canD.Can’t;can’t12.He_________lots of weight last year.【2019绵阳关帝中学人教新目标九上单元测试】A.put awayB.put onC.put offD.put out答案与解析1.【答案】D【解析】句意：你们不得不共用这些书，因为不够每个人一本。