武汉大学宏观经济学期末试题

《宏观经济学》期末考试复习题附答案(参考)一、单项选择第十二章国民收入核算1．下列关于GDP说法正确的是（③）①一年内一个国家范围内的所有交易的市场价值②一年内一个国家范围内交换的所有最终商品和劳务的市场价值③一年内一个国家范围内生产的所有最终商品和劳务的市场价值④一年内一个国家范围内交换的所有商品和劳务的市场价值2．某人收入为1000元，个人所得税200元，政府补助150元，则个人可支配收入为（②）① 1350元② 950元③ 650元④ 1050元3．下列将计入当年GDP的一项是（③）①某人花10万元购买一辆二手汽车②面包厂购买的面粉③某企业当年生产没有卖掉的20万元产品④家庭妇女在家从事家务劳动4．如果一个社会体系的消费支出为9亿元，投资支出为1.2亿元，间接税为1亿元，政府用于商品和劳务的支出为2.5亿元，出口额为3亿元，进口额为1.8亿元，则下列正确的是（①）① GDP为13.9亿元② GDP为12.9亿元③ NDP为13.9亿元④ NDP为12.9亿元5.一国的GNP小于GDP，说明该国公民从国外取得的产值（ B ）外国公民从该国取得的产值。

A、大于B、小于C、等于D、可能大于也可能小于6.今年名义GDP大于去年的名义GDP，说明（D）A、今年的物价水平一定比去年高了B、今年生产的物品和劳务总量一定比去年增加了C、今年的物价水平和实物产量水平一定都比去年提高了D、以上三种说法都不一定正确。

7．在一般情况下，国民收入核算体系中，数值最小的是（ C ）A、国民生产净值； B、个人收入； C、个人可支配收入；D、国民收入8、一国国内在一定时期内生产的所有最终产品和劳务的市场价值根据价格变化调整后的数值被称为（ B ）A、国民生产净值；B、实际国内生产总值；C、名义国内生产总值；D、潜在国内生产总值9、在统计中，社会保险税增加对( D )项有影响。

A、国内生产总值(GＤＰ)；B、国内生产净值(ＮＤＰ)；C、国民收入(NＩ)；D、个人收入(PＩ)。

一、选择题 (每小题 1 分，共 30 分)1．The government reports that "GDP increased by 1.6 percent in the last quarter." This statement means that GDP increaseda. by 6.4 percent for the year.b. at an annual rate of 6.4 percent during the last quarter.c. at an annual rate of 1.6 percent during the last quarter.d. at an annual rate of .4 percent during the last quarter.2．A Brazilian company produces soccer balls in the United States and exports all of them. If the price of the soccer balls increases, the GDP deflatora. and the CPI both increase.b. is unchanged and the CPI increases.c. increases and the CPI is unchanged.d. and the CPI are unchanged.3．The price of CD players increases dramatically, causing a 1 percent increase in the CPI. The price increase will most likely cause the GDP deflator to increase bya. more than 1 percent.b. less than 1 percent.c. 1 percent.d. It is impossible to make an informed guess without more information.4．A nation's standard of living is measured by itsa. real GDP.b. real GDP per person.c. nominal GDP.d. nominal GDP per person.5．In 2002 President Bush imposed restrictions on imports of steel to protect the U.S.steel industry.a. This is an inward-oriented policy which most economists believe have adverseeffects on growth.b. This is an inward-oriented policy which most economists believe have beneficial effects ongrowth.c. This is an outward-oriented policy which most economists believe have adverse effects on growth.d. This is an outward-oriented policy which most economists believe have beneficial effects ongrowth.6．Generally when economists and the text talk of the "interest rate," they are talking about thea. real interest rate.b. current nominal interest rate.c. real interest rate minus the inflation rate.d. equilibrium nominal interest rate.7．An increase in the budget deficita. makes investment spending fall.b. makes investment spending rise.c. does not affect investment spending.d. may increase, decrease, or not affect investment spending.8．Norne Corporation is considering building a new plant. It will cost them $1 million today to build it and it will generate revenues of $1,121 million three years from today. Of the interest rates below, which is the highest interest rate at which Norne would still be willing to build the plant?a. 3 percentb. 3.5 percentc. 4 percentd. 4.5 percent9．Recent entrants into the labor force account for abouta. 1/2 of those who are unemployed. Spells of unemployment end about 1/5 of the time with peopleleaving the labor force.b. 1/3 of those who are unemployed. Spells of unemployment end about 1/2 of the time with peopleleaving the labor force.c. 1/4 of those who are unemployed. Spells of unemployment end about 1/2 of the time with peopleleaving the labor force.d. 1/4 of those who are unemployed. Spells of unemployment end about 1/5 of the time with peopleleaving the labor force10．Which of the following best illustrates the unit of account function of money?a. You list prices for candy sold on your Web site, , in dollars.b. You pay for your WNBA tickets with dollars.c. You keep $10 in your backpack for emergencies.d. None of the above is correct.11．Current U.S. currency isa. fiat money with intrinsic value.b. fiat money with no intrinsic value.c. commodity money with intrinsic value.d. commodity money with no intrinsic value.12．Velocity in the country of Shem is always stable. In 2002, the money supply was $200 billion and the GDP price deflator was four times as high as it was in the base year. In 2003, the money supply increased to $240 billion, the price level increased by 15 percent, and nominal GDP equaled $1,200 billion. By how much did real GDP increase between 2002 and 2003?a. 20 percentb. 4.35 percentc. 2.17 percentd. There is not enough information to answer the question.13．Shoeleather costs refer toa. the cost of more frequent price changes induced by higher inflation.b. the distortion in resource allocation created by distortions in relative prices dueto inflation.c. resources used to maintain lower money holdings when inflation is high.d. the distortion in incentives created by inflation by taxes that do not adjust forinflation.14．International tradea. raises the standard of living in all trading countries.b. lowers the standard of living in all trading countries.c. leaves the standard of living unchanged.d. raises the standard of living for importing countries and lowers it for exporting countries.15．Which of the following would be U.S. foreign portfolio investment?a. Disney builds a new amusement park near Rome, Italy.b. Your economics professor buys stock in companies located in Eastern European countries.c. A Dutch hotel chain opens a new hotel in the United States.d. A citizen of Singapore buys a bond issued by a U.S. corporation.16．A Venezuelan firm purchases earth-moving equipment from a U.S. company and pays for it with domestic currency. This transactiona. increases U.S. net exports, and increases Venezuelan net capital outflow.b. increases U.S. net exports, and decreases Venezuelan net capital outflow.c. decreases U.S. net exports, and increases Venezuelan net capital outflow.d. decreases U.S. net exports, and decreases Venezuelan net capital outflow.17．At the equilibrium interest rate in the open economy macroeconomic model, the amount that people want to save equals the desired quantity ofa. net capital outflow.b. domestic investment.c. net capital outflow plus domestic investment.d. foreign currency supplied.18．In an open economy,a. net capital outflow = imports.b. net capital outflow = net exports.c. net capital outflow = exports.d. None of the above is correct.19．In the open-economy macroeconomic model, the real exchange rate is determined in the market where dollars are exchanged for foreign currency by the equality of the supply of dollars, which comes froma. U.S. national saving and the demand for dollars for U.S. net exports.b. U.S. net capital outflow and the demand for dollars for U.S. net exports.c. domestic investment and the demand for U.S. net exports.d. foreign demand for U.S. goods and U.S. demand for foreign goods.20．If a government increases its budget deficit, then interest ratesa. rise and the trade balance moves toward surplus.b. rise and the trade balance moves toward deficit.c. fall and the trade balance moves toward surplus.d. fall and the trade balance moves toward deficit.21．Investment spending decreases when the price levela. rises causing interest rates to rise.b. rises causing interest rates to fall.c. falls causing interest rates to rise.d. falls causing interest rates to fall.22．An increase in the price level and a decrease in real GDP in the short run could be created bya. an increase in the money supply.b. an increase in government expenditures.c. a fall in stock prices.d. bad weather in farm states.23．Which part of real GDP fluctuates most over the course of the business cycle?a. consumptionb. government expendituresc. investmentd. net exports24．According to liquidity preference theory, the price level and interest rate area. positively related as are the interest rate and aggregate demand.b. inversely related as are the interest rate and aggregate demand.c. positively related while the interest rate and aggregate demand are inverselyrelated.d. inversely related while the interest rate and aggregate demand are positivelyrelated.25．Which of the following shifts aggregate demand to the right?a. an increase in the price levelb. an increase in the money supplyc. a decrease in the price leveld. a decrease in the money supply26．If the Fed conducts open-market sales, the money supplya. increases and aggregate demand shifts right.b. increases and aggregate demand shifts left.c. decreases and aggregate demand shifts right.d. decreases and aggregate demand shifts left.27．Some economists argue thata. monetary policy should actively be used to stabilize the economy.b. fiscal policy should actively be used to stabilize the economy.c. fiscal policy can be used to shift the AD curve.d. All of the above are correct.28．The lag problem associated with monetary policy is due mostly toa. the fact that business firms make investment plans far in advance.b. the political system of checks and balances that slows down the process of determining monetarypolicy.c. the time it takes for changes in government spending to affect the interest rate.d. All of the above are correct.29．A. W. Phillips' findings were based on dataa. from 1861-1957 for the United Kingdom.b. from 1861-1957 for the United States.c. mostly from the post-World War II period in the United Kingdom.d. mostly from the post-World War II period in the United States.30．Which of the following is true concerning the long-run Phillips curve?a. Its position is determined primarily by monetary factors.b. If it shifts right, long-run aggregate supply shifts right.c. It cannot be changed by any government policy.d. its position depends on the natural rate of unemployment.二、判断题(每小题 1 分，共 20 分)31．The government component of GDP includes salaries paid to Army generals but not Social Security benefits to the elderly.32．An increase in the saving rate does not permanently increases the growth rate of real GDP per person.33．In ten years when you are the owner of a major U.S. corporation, if your corporation opens and operates a branch in a foreign country you will be engaging in foreign direct investment.34．Corporations receive no proceeds from the resale of their stock.35．According to the rule of 70, if you earn an interest rate of 3.5 percent, your savings will double about every 20 years.36．The value of a stock depends on the ability of the company to generate dividends and the expected price of the stock when the stockholder sells her shares.37．A minimum wage above equilibrium creates a labor surplus.38．According to the theory of efficiency wages, firms operate more efficiently if they can pay wages that are below the equilibrium level.39．The use of money allows trade to be roundabout.40．The quantity theory of money can explain hyperinflations but not moderate inflation.41．In every economy, national saving equals domestic investment plus net capital outflow.42．In the open-economy macroeconomic model, net exports represent the quantity of dollars demanded in the foreign-currency exchange market.43．Although trade policies do not affect a country's overall trade balance, they do affect specific firms and industries.44．If speculators bid up the value of the dollar in the market for foreign-currency exchange, aggregate demand would shift to the left.45．In response to a decrease in output the economy would revert to its original level of prices and output whether the decrease in output was caused by a decrease in aggregate demand or a decrease in aggregate supply.46．John Maynard Keynes advocated policies that would increase aggregate demand as a way to decrease unemployment caused by recessions.47．An increase in the money supply shifts the aggregate supply curve right.48．Unemployment insurance and welfare programs work as automatic stabilizers.49．In the long run, the inflation rate depends primarily on money supply growth.50．Although monetary policy cannot reduce the natural rate of unemployment, other types of policies can.三、名词解释(每小题 2分，共 10 分)51．catch-up effect:52．depreciation:53．capital flight:54．recession:55．automatic stabilizers:四、简答题( 8题中任选6题；每小题 5分，共 30 分)56．Compare and contrast the population theories of Malthus and Kremer.57．Using a graph representing the market for loanable funds, show and explain what happens to interest rates and investment if a government goes from a deficit to a surplus.58．Which two of the Ten Principles of Economics imply that the Fed can profoundly affect the economy?59．The U.S. Treasury Department issues inflation-indexed bonds. What areinflation-indexed bonds and why are they important?60．Make a list of things that would shift the long-run aggregate supply curve to the right.61．Illustrate the classical analysis of growth and inflation with aggregate demand and long-run aggregate supply curves.62．How does a reduction in the money supply by the Fed make owning stocks less attractive?63．Why and in what way are fiscal policy lags different from monetary policy lags?五、讨论题(2题中任选1题；每小题 10 分，共 10分)64. Suppose government spends $3 billion to buy police cars. Explain why aggregate demand might increase by more than $3 billion. Explain why aggregate demand might increase by less than $3 billion.65. In 1939, with the U.S. economy not yet fully recovered from the Great Depression, President Roosevelt proclaimed that Thanksgiving would fall a week earlier than usual so that the shopping period before Christmas would be longer. Explain this decision, using the model of aggregate demand and aggregate supply.《宏观经济学》答题纸一、选择题 (每小题 1 分，共 30 分)1. 2. 3. 4. 5.6. 7. 8. 9. 10.11. 12. 13. 14. 15.16. 17. 18. 19. 20.21. 22. 23. 24. 25.26. 27. 28. 29. 30.二、判断题(正确用“T”；错误用“F”；每小题 1分，共 20 分)31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50.三、名词解释(每小题 2分，共 10 分) 51．catch-up effect: 52．depreciation:53．capital flight:54．recession:55．automatic stabilizers:四、简答题( 8题中任选6题；每小题 5分，共 30 分；答题时请标明题号)五、讨论题(2题中任选1题；每小题 10 分，共 10 分；答题时请标明题号)《宏观经济学》试卷A参考答案1.c2.c3.d4.b5.a6.a7.a8.b9.b 10.a 11.b 12.b 13.c 14.a 15.b 16.b 17.c 18.b 19.b 20.b 21.a 22.d 23.c 24.c 25.b 26.d 27.d 28.a 29.a 30.d31.T 32.T 33.T 34.T 35.T 36.T 37.T 38.F 39.T 40.F 41.T 42.T 43.T 44.T 45.F 46.T 47.F 48.T 49.T 50.T51.the property whereby contries that start off poor tend to grow more rapidly than countries that start off rich.52.a decrease in the value of a currency as measured by the amount of foreign currency it can buy.53.a large and sudden reduction in the demand for assets located in a country.54.a period of declining real incomes and rising unemployment.55.changes in fiscal policy that stimulate aggregate demand when the economy goes into a recessionwithout policymakers having to take any deliberate action.56.The difference is that Malthus predicted that population growth would be greater than growth in the ability to increase output. He believed that people would continue to populate the earth until output reached a subsistence level. On the other hand Kremer argues that population growth increased productivity allowing people to improve their standard of living despite growing population. Kremer argues that with more population comes more innovations. The improvements in technology more than offset any adverse impact of the increase in population on the standard of living.57. As shown in the graph below, the economy starts in equilibrium at point E0 with interest rate r0 and equilibrium quantity of saving and investment at q0. If the government succeeds in obtaining a surplus, there will be more public saving in the economy at each interest rate, and the supply of loanable funds curve will shift from S0 to S1. The new equilibrium will be at E1, with a lower interest rate, r1 and a higher quantity of saving and investment, q1. Hence, if the federal government succeeds in having a surplus, interest rates will fall and investment will increase.Market for Loanable Funds58. 1. Prices rise when the government prints too much money.2. There is a short-run tradeoff between inflation and unemployment.59. Inflation-indexed bonds are bonds whose interest and principal payments are adjusted upward for inflation, guaranteeing their real purchasing power in the future. They are important because they provide a safe, inflation-proof asset for savers and they may allow the Treasury to borrow more easily at a lower current cost.60. Examples in the text (or variations) include increased immigration, a decrease in the minimum wage, more generous unemployment insurance, an increase in the capital stock, an increase in the average level of education, a discovery of new mineral deposits, technology, and removal of barriers to international trade.61.See graph.Over time technological advances cause the long-run aggregate supply curve to shift right. Increases in the money supply cause the aggregate demand curve to shift right. Output growth puts downward pressure on the price level, but money supply growth contributes to rising prices.62. The reduction in the money supply raises the interest rate. So the return on bonds increases relative to the return on stocks. The increase in the interest rate also causes spending to fall so that revenues and profits fall making shares of ownership in corporations less valuable.63.The fiscal policy lags are mostly a matter of waiting to implement the policy. By the time the president and Congress can agree to and pass legislation changing expenditures or taxes, the recession may have ended. The Federal Reserve can act to change the money supply quickly, but it may take some time before the effects of an increase in the money supply work their way through the economy.64. 当政府支出30亿美元购买警车时，直接投资增加警车生产企业的利润，这种增加又使该企业雇佣更多工人，并增加生的。

完整版宏观经济学期末复习题库及答案《宏观经济学》课程的考核要求⼩时（120分钟）本课程采取闭卷考试的⽅式；时间为2 总评成绩的计算依据：％，％；其中期中考试成绩占总评成绩的20（1）平时成绩：占总评成绩的30 5%。

课堂⼩测验（⾄少两次）占5%，作业等占％，以期终考试成绩为依据。

（2）期终成绩：占总评成绩的70 如下表所⽰：平时成绩（30%）期终成绩（70%）总评成绩（100%））期中考试（20%）课堂⼩测验（5%100%70%期终考试（））5%作业等（期终考试命题设计：304030识记部分约占％；理解部分约占％；运⽤部分约占％。

考试题型包括判断、选择、作图、计算、简答、分析论述等。

2第⼗⼆章国民收⼊核算⼀、主要概念国民⽣产总值(GNP)、国内⽣产总值(GDP)、名义国内⽣产总值和实际国内⽣产总值、最终产品和中间产品、总投资和净投资、重置投资、存货投资、政府购买和政府转移⽀付、净出⼝、间接税、国民⽣产净值、国民收⼊、个⼈收⼊、个⼈可⽀配收⼊、储蓄⼀投资恒等式。

⼆、单项选择题1、下列哪—项不列⼊国内⽣产总值的核算中( )A、出⼝到国外的⼀批货物B、政府发放给贫困家庭的救济⾦C、经纪⼈从旧房买卖中收取的佣⾦D、保险公司收到的家庭财产保险费2、“⾯粉是中间产品”这⼀命题( )0A、⼀定是对的B、⼀定是不对的C、可能对，也可能不对D、以上三种说法全对3、下列哪⼀项计⼊GDP 中? ( )A、购买⼀辆⽤过的旧⾃⾏车B、购买普通股票C、汽车制造⼚买进10吨钢板D、银⾏向某企业收取⼀笔贷款利息4、某国的资本品存量在年初为10000亿美元，本年度⽣产了2500亿美元的资本品，资本消耗折旧为2000亿美元，则该国在本年度的总投资和净投资分别是( )A、2500亿美元和500亿美元B、12500亿美元和10500亿美元C、2500亿美元和2000亿美元D、7500亿美元和8000亿美元5、以下正确的统计恒等式为( )A、投资= 储蓄B、投资= 消费C、储蓄= 消费D、总⽀出- 投资= 总收⼊- 储蓄6、下列项⽬中，( ) 不是要素收⼊A、总统薪⽔B、股息C、公司对灾区的捐献D、银⾏存款者取得的利息7、以下( ) 不能计⼊国内⽣产总值A、企业的库存B、家庭主妇的家务劳务折合成的收⼊C、拍卖毕加索作品的收⼊D、为他⼈提供服务所得收⼊8、安徽民⼯在南京打⼯所得收⼊应该计⼊到当年( ) 中A、安徽的国内⽣产总值(GDP)B、安徽的国民收⼊(NI)C、南京的国民⽣产总值(GNP)D、南京的国内⽣产总值(GDP)9、通货膨胀时，GNP价格矫正指数( )A、⼤于1B、⼩于IC、⼤于0D、⼩于010、⼀国的国内⽣产总值⼩于国民⽣产总值，说明该国公民从外国取得的收⼊( ) 外国公民从该国取得的收⼊A、⼤于B、⼩于C、等于D、可能⼤于也可能⼩于11、如果：消费额= 6亿元，投资额= 1亿元，间接税= 1亿元，政府⽤于商品和劳务的⽀出额= 1．5亿元，出⼝额= 2亿元，进⼝额= 1．8亿元，则( )A、NNP = 8．7亿元B、GDP = 7．7亿元3C、GDP = 8．7亿元D、NNP = 5亿元12、⽤收⼊法计算的GDP等于( )A、消费+投资+政府⽀出+净出B、⼯资+利息+租⾦+利润+间接税C、⼯资+利息+中间产品成本+间接税+利润D、⼯资+利息+租⾦+利润+间接税+折旧13、如果当期价格⽔平低于基期价格⽔平，那么( )A、实际GDP等于名义GDPB、实际GDP⼩于名义GDPC、实际GDP与名义GDP 相同D、实际GDP⼤于名义GDP14、如果钢铁、油漆、绝缘材料以及所有⽤来制造⼀个电烤炉的原料价值在计算GDP时都包括进去了，那么这种衡量⽅法( )A、因各种原料都进⼊市场交易，所以衡量是正确的。

宏观经济学期末试卷一、单项选择题（每题1分，共30分）1.在一般情况下，国民收入核算体系中数值最小的是：（）A.国内生产净值B.个人收入C.个人可支配收入D.国民收入E.国内生产总值2.下列哪一项应计入GDP中：（）A.面包厂购买的面粉B.购买40股股票C.家庭主妇购买的面粉D.购买政府债券E.以上各项都不应计入3.计入GDP的有：（）A.家庭主妇的家务劳动折算合成的收入B.拍卖毕加索作品的收入C.出神股票的收入D.晚上为邻居照看儿童的收入E.从政府那里获得的困难补助收入4.在下列各项中，属于经济中的注入因素是（）A.投资B.储蓄C.净税收D.进口5.政府支出乘数（）A.等于投资乘数B.比投资乘数小1C.等于投资乘数的相反数D.等于转移支付乘数E.以是说法都不正确6.在以下情况中，投资乘数最大的是（）A.边际消费倾向为0.7B.边际储蓄倾向为0.2C.边际储蓄倾向为0.4D.边际储蓄倾向为0.3 7.国民消费函数为C=80+0.8Y，如果消费增加100亿元，国民收入（）A.增加100亿元B.减少100亿元C.增加500亿元D.减少500亿元8.如果政府支出增加（）A.对IS曲线无响应B.IS曲线向右移动C.IS曲线向左移动D.以上说法都不正确9.政府税收的增加将（）A.对IS曲线无响应B.IS曲线向右移动C.IS曲线向左移动D.以上说法都不正确10、位于IS曲线左下方的收入与利率的组合，都是（）A.投资大于储蓄B.投资小于储蓄C.投资等于储蓄D.无法确定11、当经济中未达到充分就业时，如果LM曲线不变，政府支出增加会导致（）A.收入增加、利率上升B.收入增加、利率下降C.收入减少、利率上升D.收入减少、利率下降12.一般地，在IS曲线不变时，货币供给减少会导致（）A.收入增加、利率上升B.收入增加、利率下降C.收入减少、利率上升D.收入减少、利率下降13.如果现行产出水平为10万亿元，总需求为8万亿，可以断定，若经济不是充分就业，那么：（）A.就业水平将下降B.收入水平将上升C.收入和就业水平将均衡D.就业量将上升E.就业水平将上升，收入将下降14.在流动陷阱（凯恩斯陷阱）中（）A.货币政策和财政政策都十分有效B.货币政策和财政政策都无效C.货币政策无效，财政政策有效D.货币政策有效，财政政策无效E.以上说法都不正确15.如果实施扩张性的货币政策，中央银行可采取的措施是（）A.卖出国债B.提高法定准备金比率C.降低再贴现率D.提高再贴现率16.如果名义利率为6%，通货膨胀率为12%，那么实际利率是（）A.6%B.18%C.12%D.-6%17.自发投资增加10亿元，会使IS曲线（）A.右移10亿元B.左移10亿元C.右移10亿元乘以支出乘数D.左移10亿元乘以乘数18.由于经济萧条而出现的失业属于（）A.摩擦性失业B.结构性失业C.周期性失业D.自愿性失业19.如果某人刚进入劳动力队伍尚未找到工作，这是属于（）A.摩擦性失业 B.结构性失业C.周期性失业D.自愿性失业20.根据哈罗德的分析，如果有保证的增长率大于实际增长率，经济将：（）A.累积性扩张B.累积性萧条C.均衡增长D.无法确定21.在现代经济中，收入和就业主要取决于：（）A.总供给B.总需求C.政府行为D.进出口数量22.在古典区域内（）A.货币政策无效，财政政策有效B.财政政策无效，货币政策有效C.财政政策和货币政策都十分有效D.财政政策和货币政策都无效23.如果政府支出的增加与政府转移支付的减少数额相同时，收入水平会（）A.增加B.不变C.减少D.无关24.其他条件不变，总需求曲线（）A.政府支出增加会右移B.政府税收增加会右移C.价格水平上升会右移D.政府支出增加会左移25.自然失业率（）A.等于0B.是随价格水平的变化而变化的C.是经济处于潜在产出水平时的失业率D.是没有摩擦性失业时的失业率26.如果投资对利率是完全无弹性的，由于货币供给的增加，LM曲线的移动将：（）A.不增加收入，但降低利率B.提高收入水平并降低利率C.提高收入水平和利率D.增加投资，因而增加收入27.在LM曲线不变的情况下，IS曲线越平坦，则（）A.财政政策效果好；B.货币政策效果好C.财政政策与货币政策效果一样好D.无法确定28.在LM曲线左上方和IS曲线右上方的区域中（）A.储蓄小于投资，货币供给大于货币需求B.储蓄大于投资，货币供给大于货币需求C.储蓄大于投资，货币供给小于货币需求D.储蓄小于投资，货币供给小于货币需求29.在LM曲线右下方和IS曲线右上方的区域中（）A.储蓄小于投资，货币供给大于货币需求B.储蓄大于投资，货币供给大于货币需求C.储蓄大于投资，货币供给小于货币需求D.储蓄小于投资，货币供给小于货币需求30.菲利浦斯曲线描述_______增加的关系（）A.失业与通货膨胀 B.失业与产量C.总需求与总供给D.通货膨胀与产量二、判断题（本题型共15题。

武汉大学2008-2009学年第二学期期末考试经济与管理学院 2008级 2009年6月30日宏观经济学（A卷）Principles of Macroeconomics (Paper A)Instructions: You have two hours to complete the test. Full marks are 100 points. Write your answers on the answer sheet. You can answer your questions either in English or Chinese. Read the questions carefully before answering them. Be precise and to the point.Good luck!Problem 1 (10 points)True or False? Explain your answer completely but briefly.a.James Bond is about to retire and is thinking of selling his car. He spends £1,000in repairing and tuning the engine, and finally agrees to sell it to Miss MoneyPenny for £10,000. As a result, GDP increases by £11,000.b.Robinson Crusoe will live better by catching fish, if he has more physical capital,human capital, natural resources and technological knowledge.c.It is one case of moral hazard that a patient is more likely to apply for healthinsurance than healthy men.d.According to the theory of efficiency wages, firms who pay wages at theequilibrium level will operate more efficiently.e.The introduction of ATM machines has made it easier to withdraw cash fromchecking accounts. As a result, the Central Bank now has to buy more bonds in the market every time it wants to increase the stock of money in the economy by a certain amount.Problem 2 (10 points)Suppose there is a small farming economy. It produces some corn and imports 7 bushels of corn. Of these, 80 bushels are consumed, 10 go for government purchases to feed the army, and 6 go into domestic investment as increases in inventories, 11 bushels are exported. In addition, taxes are 12 bushels.a.What is the GDP of the economy?b.Calculate private saving, public saving and net capital outflow. Then explain therelationship between saving and investment.c.Assuming in the economy, women have worked more hours in producing corn.How would this affect GDP? Explain the paradox, “When a person marries his or her gardener, GDP goes down.” Do you think GDP is a good measure of national accounts?Problem 3 (10 points)Below are some data about Pizza and Latte.Pizza Latte year Price Quantity Price Quantity200610.00400 2.001000200711.00500 2.501100200812.00600 3.001200pute the GDP deflator for each year, using 2006 as the base year.b.Suppose that the base year for the CPI is 2006. If the CPI basket consists of 400pieces of pizza and 1000 cups of latte during the three years, compute the CPI for each year. What is the CPI inflation rate from 2007 to 2008?c.According to your computation, what is the difference between GDP deflator andCPI?Problem 4 (15 points)The Federal Reserve conducts a $20 million open-market purchase of government bonds. The required reserve ratio is 10 percent.a.What is the money multiplier? How can this purchase affect money supply? Whatis the largest possible effect? What is the smallest possible effect? Explain.b.Show the effects of this purchase in a diagram of money supply and moneydemand. What happpen to value of money and price level)?c.Can you find roles of commercial banks and individual depositors in the creationof money in terms of multiplier formula?Problem 5 (10 points)Suppose Japanese decided they no longer wanted to buy U.S. assets as before. Using a three-panel diagram used in textbook for open economy, show the following effects of the change.a.What would happen in U.S. market for loanable funds? In particular, what wouldhappen to U.S. Interest rates, U.S. saving, and U.S. investment?b.What would happen in the market for foreign-currency exchange? In particular,what would happen to the value of the dollar and the U.S. trade balance?Problem 6 (15 points)Suppose that the economy is in a long-run equilibrium.e a diagram to illustrate the state of the economy. Be sure to show aggregatedemand, short-run aggregate supply, and long-run aggregate supply and explain why these curves look like this.b.Now suppose that a stock market crash causes aggregate demand to fall. Use yourdiagram to show what will happen to output and the price level in the short-run.What happen to the unemployment rate? And in the long run?c.Now suppose that a war in Middle East drives up the cost of producing oilproducts. What are the likely macroeconomic effects of such a change? Explain with the help of appropriate graphs.Problem 7 (15 points)a.Suppose the government increases its purchase expenditure by $20 billion, whichfinally raises the total demand for goods and services by $100 billion. If we ignore the possibility of crowding out, what would the marginal propensity to consume to be? If we allow for crowding out, would the marginal propensity to consume in this case be larger or smaller than their initial one?b.Suppose the government reduces taxes by $20 billion, there is no crowding out,and the MPC is 0.8. What is the initial effect of the tax reduction on aggregate demand? What is the total effect of this policy?c.How does the total effect of the $20 billion tax cut in part (b) compare to the totaleffect of a $20 billion increase in government purchase in part (a)? Why?Problem 8 (15 points)Suppose king's weather （好天气）drives down the cost of producing food products.a.Show the impact of such a change in both the aggregate-demand/aggregate-supplydiagram and in the Phillips-curve diagram. What happens to inflation andunemployment in the short-run?b.Do the effects of this event mean there is no short-run tradeoff between ininflation and unemployment? Why or why not?c.Suppose in the following year, bad weather brings stagflation, and the centralbank pursues contractionary monetary policy to reduce inflation. Use the Phillips curve to show the short-run and long-run effects of this policy. How might the short-run costs of the policy against inflation be reduced (6 points)?4. (15分)美联储进行公开市场业务，购买了2000万美元的政府债券。

武汉大学2009-2010学年第二学期宏观经济学期末考试《宏观经济学》试题参考答案（A卷）1. (10 points) a. △GDP= 400b.△NNP=△GDP−△depreciation=400-50=350c. △NI= △NNP - △sales taxes = 350−30 = 320d.△PI=△NI−△retainedearnings=320 - 100=220e. △PDI= △PI-△personal income tax = 220−70 =1502.(10points)Toamacroeconomist,savingoccurswhenaperson′sincomeexceedshisconsumption,whileinvestmentoccurswhenapersonorfirmpurchasesnewcapital, suchasahouseorbusinessequipment..a.Whenyourfamilytakesoutamortgageandbuysanewhouse ,thatisinvestment,becauseitisapurchaseofnewcapital.b.Whenyouuseyour200 paycheck to buy stock in AT&T, that is saving, because your income of 200isnotbeingspentonconsumptiongoods.c.Whenyourroommateearns100 and deposits it in her account at a bank, that is saving, because the money is not spent on consumption goods.d. When you borrow $1,000 from a bank to buy a car to use in your pizza-delivery business, that is investment, because the car is a capital good.3. (10 points) All factors, that affect AD at a given price level, can be categorized to four groups according to which component of spending is most directly affect: (1)C, such as a tax cut/hike, a stock market boom/decline; (2) I, such as optimism/pessimism about the future, a fall/rise in interest rates due to an increase/decrease in money supply; (3)G, such as greater/smaller spending on defense or highway construction, (4)NX, such as a boom/recession overseas, an exchange-rate depreciation/appreciation.According to the production factors, the long-run AS may change arising from the following four sources which affect the natural rate of output: (1)K (physical capital or human capital ), such as the increase of the number of machines or that of college degrees;(2)L, such as an increase in immigration from abroad, the change of the natural rate of unemployment due to increasing minimum wage or the unemployment insurance system; (3)N (natural resources), such as a discovery of a new mineral deposit, good weather, a change in the availability of imported resources; (4)A, such as the advance of internet technology, other events that act like changes in technology.All these variables——K, L, N, A, shift the short-run AS curve too. Another important new variable that affect the short-run AS is the change of expected price level. A decrease in the expected price raises the AS in the short-run.In the short-run, the continuing increase in money can raise GDP for that there is unexpected price level. However, in the long run, the AS curve is vertical, as people adjust their expectedprice levels to the actual price level. so the increase of money which raise AD and price level but can not have the economy to grow continuously only by use of expansionary monetary policy.4. (15 points)e.a. If Chinese government decided it no longer wanted to buy U.S. assets, U.S. net capital outflow would increase, increasing the demand for loanable funds, as shown in the following figure. The result is a rise in U.S. interest rates, an increase in the quantity of U.S. saving (because of the higher interest rate), and lower U.S. domestic investment.b. In the market for foreign exchange, the real exchange rate declines and the balance of trade increases5. (15 points)a. When the stock market declines sharply, wealth declines, so the aggregate-demand curve shifts to the left, as shown in Figure 5a below. In the short run, the economy moves from point A to point B, as output declines and the price level declines. In the long run, the short-run aggregate-supply curve shifts to the right to restore equilibrium at point C, with unchanged output and a lower price level compared to point A.Figure 5aFigure 5bb. When the federal government increases spending on national defense, the rise in government purchases shifts the aggregate-demand curve to the right, as shown in Figure 5b above. In the short run, the economy moves from point A to point B, as output and the price level rise. In the long run, the short-run aggregate-supply curve shifts to the left to restore equilibrium at point C, with unchanged output and a higher price level compared to point A.c. When a technological improvement raises productivity, the long-run and short-run aggregate-supply curves shift to the right, as shown Figure 5c below. The economy moves from point A to point B, as output rises and the price level declines.Figure 5cd. When a recession overseas causes foreigners to buy fewer U.S. goods, net exports decline, so the aggregate-demand curve shifts to the left, as shown in Figure 5a above. The effects are similar with that in part a.e. The continuing increase in reserve ratio causes the decrease of money supply. So, the aggregate-demand curve shifts to the left, as shown in Figure 5a above. The effects are similar with that in part a..。

一、单选题（共15题，每题2分，共30分）1. （鼓励独立完成作业，严惩抄袭。

慎交作业，责任自负。

）哪一项计入GDP?（）（第 二章，视频教学课件第7-9讲）A. 购买一辆用过的IH 自行车；B. 政府向低保户发放一笔救济金；C. 汽车制造厂买进10吨钢材；D. 银行向某企业收取一笔贷款利息试题编号是否评分：未评分 评价描述：***2. 一国的国内生产总值小于国民生产总值，则该国公民从国外収得的收入（）外国国民 从该国取得的收入。

（第二章，视频教学课件第7-9讲） A. 大于 B. 小于 C. 等于D. 不能确定试题编号： 试题类型：单选题 标准答案：和* 试题难度：一般 试题解析：*** 考生答案：B 考生得分：*** 是否评分：未评分 评价描述：***3. 在一个有家庭、企业、政府和国外的部门构成的四部门经济中，GDP 是（）的总和。

（第二章，视频教学课件第7-9讲）政府购买和净出口： 政府购买和净出口； 政府购买和总出口； 政府转移支付和净出口 试题编号:试题类型 标准答案 试题难度 试题解析 考生答案考生得分 单选题 *** 一般D*** A. 消费、 B. 消费、 C. 消费、 D. 消费、 总投资、 净投资、 总投资、 总投资、试题类型 标准答案 试题难度 试题解析 考生答案 考生得分 是否评分 评价描述4. 在两部门收入•支出模型中，如果边际消费倾向为0.8,那么自主支出乘数为（）o （第 三章，视频教学课件第10-18讲）A. 1.6B. 2.5C. 5D. 4试题编号单选题***一般A*** 未评分试题类型 单选题 标准答案 试题难度 试题解析 考生答案 一般 ***C考生得分：***是否评分 未评分评价描述***5.固定税制度下的自发支出乘数（）变动税制下的自发支出乘数。

（第三章，视频教学课 件第10・18讲） A. 大于 B. 小于 C. 等于 D. 不能确定试题编号 试题类型 标准答案 试题难度 试题解析 考生答案 考生得分 单选题 *** 一般 ***C是否评分：未评分 评价描述：***6.当经济出现膨胀缺口时，以下可以使经济达到充分就业均衡水平的措施有（）o （第三章，视频教学课件第10-18讲）A.增加白发消费B.增加计划投资C.提高边际消费倾向D.增加进口试题编号：试题类型：单选题标准答案：***试题难度：一般试题解析：***考生答案：D考生得分：***是否评分：未评分评价描述：***7.下列哪项不是人们持有货币的动机（）0（第四章，视频教学课件第19・25讲）A.交易动机B.预防动机C.投机动机D.均衡财富试题编号：试题类型：单选题标准答案：***试题难度：一般试题解析：***考生答案：D考生得分：***是否评分：未评分评价描述：***& 利率和收入的组合点出现在IS曲线左下方，LM曲线右下方区域中，则表示（）。

宏观经济学_武汉大学中国大学mooc课后章节答案期末考试题库2023年1.如下经济可以定义为宏观经济，由宏观经济学来研究的是答案:台湾经济2.关于宏观经济学的研究对象，如下说法最准确的是答案:宏观经济学有两大研究主题：长期经济增长和短期经济波动3.各国核算的GDP存在着重复计算的部分，这是因为答案:折旧的处理使得GDP含有重复计算4.关于GDP的各个指标，如下哪个说法是对的答案:对名义GDP用价格指数进行调整，可以得到实际GDP（real GDP）5.从宏观经济的角度看，如下说法是不正确的答案:在封闭经济中，储蓄总是等于计划投资6.下面的行为不属于宏观经济学所说的（个人）储蓄行为答案:把钱打入微信“零钱”中7.储蓄存款和活期存款都属于货币，最主要是因为它们具有如下性质答案:都具有流动性（又译灵活性）8.设法定存款准备金比率为re*，银行的实际准备金比率为re，那么如下选项正确的是答案:可能存在re>re*9.关于总供给曲线，如下说法正确的是答案:长期总供给曲线是由短期总供给曲线的移动构成的10.如果在价格上升时，人们为预防价格继续上升而增加购买，这表明答案:此时总需求曲线向右移动11.关于人们的消费规律，如下说法是正确的答案:短期内即使没有收入，也有消费12.如果边际消费倾向为0.8，那么当政府转移支付增加100亿元时，总产量会增加答案:400亿元13.如果IS曲线向下移了，那么有可能是下面的原因引起的答案:疫情导致各项开支缩减14.假设IS和LM曲线分别由两个方程表示。

方程I：Y =αΑ+βr；方程II：M/P= kY +hr。

根据IS-LM模型，其中的系数取值范围是答案:Β<0, h <0，k>015.关于菲利普斯曲线，如下说法正确的是答案:他是从总供给曲线推导而来的，两者都从供给侧分析宏观经济16.我们常常用方程π =Eπ -ε(u-u*)+v来表示菲利普斯曲线。

如果出现v>0，，那么表明答案:总供给出乎意料地减少了，从而导致π>Eπ17.假设总生产函数为Y = AK^αL^β（^α和^β分别表示K和L的指数），假设α=0.3，β=0.7。

1．In the United States real GDP is reported each quarter.a. These numbers are adjusted to make them measure at annual and seasonally adjusted rates.b. These numbers are adjusted to make them annual rates, but no adjustment for seasonal variations are made.c. These numbers are quarterly rates that have been seasonally adjusted.d. These numbers are at quarterly rates and have not been seasonally adjusted.2．The price of CD players increases dramatically, causing a 1 percent increase in the CPI. The price increase will most likely cause the GDP deflator to increase by a. more than 1 percent. b. less than 1 percent. c. 1 percent.d. It is impossible to make an informed guess without more information.3．If increases in the prices of U.S. medical care cause the CPI to increase by 2 percent,the GDP deflator will likely increase by a. more than 2 percent. b. 2 percent. c. less than 2 percent.d. All of the above are correct.4．The traditional view of the production process is that capital is subject to a. constant returns. b. increasing returns. c. diminishing returns.d. diminishing returns for low levels of capital, and increasing returns for high levels of capital.5．Which of the following is correct?a. Political instability can reduce foreign investment, reducing growth.6．Use the following table to answer the following question. Assume that the closing price was also the average price at which each stock transaction took place. Whatwas the total dollar volume of Gillette stock traded that day?a. $912,840,000b. $91,284,000c. $9,128,400d. $912,8407．Suppose that in a closed economy GDP is equal to 10,000, taxes are equal to 2,500 Consumption equals 6,500 and Government expenditures equal 2,000. What are private saving, public saving, and nationalsaving? a. 1500, 1000, 500 b. 1000, 500, 1500 c. 500, 1500, 1000d. None of the above are correct.8．Risk-averse people will choose different asset portfolios than people who are not risk averse. Over a longperiod of time, we would expect that a. every risk-averse person will earn a higher rate of return than every non-risk averse person. b. every risk-averse person will earn a lower rate of return than every non-risk averse person.c. the average risk-averse person will earn a higher rate of return than the average non-risk averse person.d. the average risk-averse person will earn a lower rate of return than the average non-risk averse person.9．The natural rate of unemployment is the精品文档a. unemployment rate that would prevail with zero inflation.b. rate associated with the highest possible level of GDP.c. difference between the long-run and short-run unemployment rates.d. amount of unemployment that the economy normally experiences.10．Suppose that the reserve ratio is 5 percent and that a bank has $1,000 in deposits. Its required reserves area. $5.b. $50.c. $95.d. $950.11．Suppose a bank has $200,000 in deposits and $190,000 in loans. It has a reserve ratio ofa. 5 percentb. 9.5 percentc. 10 percentd. None of the above is correct.12．The inflation taxa. transfers wealth from the government to households.b. is the increase in income taxes due to lack of indexation.c. is a tax on everyone who holds money.d. All of the above are correct.13．In 1898, prospectors on the Klondike River discovered gold. This discovery caused an unexpected price levela. decrease that helped creditors at the expense of debtors.b. decrease that helped debtors at the expense of creditors.c. increase that helped creditors at the expense of debtors.d. increase that helped debtors at the expense of creditors.14．Ivan, a Russian citizen, sells several hundred cases of caviar to a restaurant chain in the United States. By itself, this salea. increases U.S. net exports and has no effect on Russian net exports.b. increases U.S. net exports and decreases Russian net exports.c. decreases U.S. net exports and has no effect on Russian net exports.d. decreases U.S. net exports and increases Russian net exports.15．Suppose that the real exchange rate between the United States and Kenya is defined in terms of baskets of goods. Which of the following will increase the real exchange rate (that is increase the number of baskets of Kenyan goods a basket of U.S. goods buys)?a. an increase in the number of Kenyan shillings that can be purchased with a dollarb. an increase in the price of U.S. baskets of goodsc. a decrease in the price in Kenyan shillings of Kenyan goodsd. All of the above are correct.16．Use the (hypothetical) information in the following table to answer the next question.In real terms, U.S. goods are more expensive than goods in which country(ies)?a. Brazil and Mexicob. Japan, Sweden, and Thailandc. Japan and Swedend. Thailand.17．Which of the following would tend to shift the supply of dollars in foreign-currency exchange market of the open-economy macroeconomic model to the left?a. The exchange rate rises.b. The exchange rate falls.c. The expected rate of return on U.S. assets rises.d. The expected rate of return on U.S. assets falls.18．The real exchange rate equals the relativea. price of domestic and foreign currency.b. price of domestic and foreign goods.c. rate of domestic and foreign interest.d. None of the above is correct.精品文档19．In the open-economy macroeconomic model, if the supply of loanable funds increases, the interest ratea. and the real exchange rate increase.b. and the real exchange rate decrease.c. increases and the real exchange rate decreases.d. decreases and the real exchange rate increases.20．For the following question, use the graph below.The initial effect of an increase in the budget deficit in the loanable funds market is illustrated as a move froma. a tob.b. a toc.c. c to b.d. c to d.21．When the government spends more, the initial effect is thata. aggregate demand shifts right.b. aggregate demand shifts left.c. aggregate supply shifts right.d. aggregate supply shifts left.22．Suppose the economy is in long-run equilibrium. In a short span of time, there is a sharp increase in the minimum wage, a major new discovery of oil, a large influx of immigrants, and new environmental regulations that reduce electricity production. In the short run, we would expecta. the price level to rise and real GDP to fall.b. the price level to fall and real GDP to rise.c. the price level and real GDP both to stay the same.d. All of the above are possible.23．Suppose the economy is in long-run equilibrium. In a short span of time, there is a large influx of skilled immigrants, a major new discovery of oil, and a major new technological advance in electricity production. In the short run, we would expecta. the price level to rise and real GDP to fall.b. the price level to fall and real GDP to rise.c. the price level and real GDP both to stay the same.d. All of the above are possible.24．According to liquidity preference theory, the money supply curve isa. upward sloping.b. downward sloping.c. vertical.d. horizontal.25．When the Fed buys government bonds, the reserves of the banking systema. increase, so the money supply increases.b. increase, so the money supply decreases.c. decrease, so the money supply increases.d. decrease, so the money supply decreases.26．According to the theory of liquidity preference, an increase in the price level causes thea. interest rate and investment to rise.b. interest rate and investment to fall.c. interest rate to rise and investment to fall.d. interest rate to fall and investment to rise.27．If the stock market crashes,a. aggregate demand increases, which the Fed could offset by increasing the money supply.b. aggregate demand increases, which the Fed could offset by decreasing the money supply.c. aggregate demand decreases, which the Fed could offset by increasing the money supply.d. aggregate demand decreases, which the Fed could offset by decreasing the money supply.精品文档28．If the MPC = 3/5, then the government purchases multiplier isa. 5/3.b. 5/2.c. 5.d. 15.29．If the government raises government expenditures, in the short run, pricesa. rise and unemployment falls.b. fall and unemployment rises.c. and unemployment rise.d. and unemployment fall.30．If the long-run Phillips curve shifts to the left, for any given rate of money growth and inflation the economy will havea. higher unemployment and lower output.b. higher unemployment and higher output.c. lower unemployment and lower output.d. lower unemployment and higher output.二、判断题(每小题 1 分，共 20 分)31．When an American doctor opens a practice in Bermuda, his production there is part of U.S. GDP.32．In countries where women are discriminated against, policies that increase their career and educational opportunities are likely to increase the birth rate.33．Michael Kramer found that world growth rates have increased as population has.34．Suppose a small closed economy has GDP of $5 billion, Consumption of $3 billion, and Government expenditures of $1 billion. Then domestic investment and national saving are both $1 billion.35．According to the efficient markets hypothesis, at any moment in time, the market price is the best guess of the company's value based on available information.36．According to the efficient markets hypothesis, stocks follow a random walk so that stocks that increase in price one year are more likely to increase than decrease in the next year.37．In the United States, blacks and whites have similar labor force participation rates, but blacks have a higher unemployment rate.38．According to the theory of efficiency wages, firms operate more efficiently if they can pay wages that are below the equilibrium level.39．In the months of November and December, people in the United States hold a larger part of their money in the form of currency because they intend to shop for the holidays. As a result, the money supply increases, cerise parousia.40．In the 1990s, U.S. prices rose at about the same rate as in the 1970s.41．According to the theory of purchasing-power parity, the real exchange rate defined as foreign goods per unit of U.S. goods will equal the domestic price level divided by the foreign price level.42．Net capital outflow represents the quantity of dollars supplied in the foreign-currency exchange market.43．If policymakers impose import restrictions on automobiles, the U.S. trade deficit would shrink.44．Most economists believe that classical theory explains the world in the short run, but not the long run.45．Because not all prices adjust instantly to changing conditions, an unexpected fall in the price level leaves some firms with higher-than-desired prices, and these higher-than-desired prices depress sales and induce firms to reduce the quantity of goods and services they produce.46．All explanations for the upward slope of the short-run aggregate supply curve suppose that output supplied increases when the price level increases more than expected.47．Both the multiplier and the investment accelerator tend to make the aggregate demand curve shift farther than the increase in government expenditures.48．During recessions, the government tends to run a budget deficit.49．If macroeconomic policy expands aggregate demand, unemployment will fall and inflation will rise in the short run.50．The analysis of Friedman and Phelps argues that any change in inflation that is expected has no impact on the unemployment rate.精品文档三、名词解释(每小题 2 分，共 10 分)51．diminishing returns:52．nominal exchange rate: 53．crowding-out effect: 54．stagflation:55．automatic stabilizers: 四、简答题( 8题中任选6题；每小题 5分，共 30 分)56．Why are property rights important for the growth of a nation's standard of living? 57．Suppose that you are a broker and people tell you the following about themselves. Whatsort of bond would you recommend to each? Defend your choices. a. "I am in a high federal income tax bracket and I don't want to take very much risk." b. "I want a high return and I am willing to take a lot of risk to get it."c. "I want a decent return and I have enough deductions that I don't value tax breakshighly."58．Draw a simple T-account for First National Bank of Me,which has $5,000 of deposits, a reserve ratio of 10 percent, and excess reserves of $300.59．What are the costs of inflation?60．Make a list of things that would shift the long-run aggregate supply curve to the right. 61．Illustrate the classical analysis of growth and inflation with aggregate demand andlong-run aggregate supply curves.62．Why do economists think that the wealth effect and exchange-rate effect are not very important factors inexplaining why aggregate demand slopes downward, at least in the United States?63．Describe the process in the money market by which the interest rate reaches its equilibrium value if it startsabove equilibrium.五、讨论题(2题中任选1题；每小题 10 分，共 10 分)64. Assume the economy is in a recession. Explain how each of the following policies would affectconsumption and investment. In each case, indicate any direct effects, any effects resulting from changes in total output, any effects resulting from changes in interest rate, and the overall effect. If there are conflicting effects making the answer ambiguous, say so. a). a reduction in taxes; b) an expansion of the money supply. 65. In 1939, with the U.S. economy not yet fully recovered from the Great Depression, President Roosevelt proclaimed that Thanksgiving would fall a week earlier than usual so that the shopping period before Christmas would be longer. Explain this decision, using the model of aggregate demand and aggregate supply.《宏观经济学》答题纸一、选择题 (每小题 1 分，共 30 分)1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.精品文档11. 12. 13. 14. 15.16. 17. 18. 19. 20.21. 22. 23. 24. 25.26. 27. 28. 29. 30.二、判断题(正确用“T”；错误用“F”；每小题 1分，共 20 分)31. 32. 33. 34. 35.36. 37. 38. 39. 40.41. 42. 43. 44. 45.46. 47. 48. 49.50.三、名词解释(每小题 2分，共 10 分)51．catch-up effect:52．depreciation: 53．capital flight:54．recession:55．automatic stabilizers:四、简答题( 8题中任选6题；每小题 5分，共 30 分；答题时请标明题号)精品文档五、讨论题(2题中任选1题；每小题 10 分，共 10 分；答题时请标明题号)精品文档《宏观经济学》试卷B参考答案1.a2.d3.c4.c5.a6.b7.b8.d9.d 10.b 11.a 12.c 13.d 14.d 15.d 16.d 17.c 18.b 19.b 20.c 21.a 22.d 23.b 24.c 25.a 26.c 27.c 28.b 29.a 30.d31.F 32.F 33.T 34.T 35.T 36.F 37.T 38.F 39.F 40.F 41.F 42.T 43.F 44.F 45.T 46.T 47.T 48.T 49.T 50.T51.the property whereby the benefit from an extra unit of an input declines as the quantity of the input increases.52.the rate at which a person can trade the currency of one country for the currency of another.53.the offset in aggregate demand that results when expansionary fiscal policy raises the interest rate and thereby reduces investment spending.54.a period of falling output and rising prices.55.changes in fiscal policy that stimulate aggregate demand when the economy goes into a recession without policymakers having to take any deliberate action.56.Property rights are an important prerequisite for the price system to work in a market economy. If an individual or company is not confident that claims over property or over the income from property can be protected, or that contracts can be enforced, there will be little incentive for individuals to save, invest, or start new businesses. Likewise, there will be little incentive for foreigners to invest in the real or financial assets of the country. The distortion of incentives will reduce efficiency in resource allocation and will精品文档reduce saving and investment which in turn will reduce the standard of living.57. a. A municipal bond, because generally they have low credit risk and are notsubject to federal income tax.b. A junk bond. Because of their high risk, they have a high return.c. A corporate bond that isn't a junk bond. Because they have more risk thangovernment bonds and have no special tax treatment, they pay moderate ratesof return.58.First National Bank of MeAssets LiabilitiesReserves $800 Deposits $5,000Loans $4,20059.The costs of inflation include "shoeleather costs," the cost of reducing your money holdings to reduce your inflation tax; "menu costs," the costs of price adjustments; the costs of resource misallocation that result from the relative-price variability induced by inflation; the costs of inflation-induced tax distortions; the costs of confusion and inconvenience; and the costs associated with the arbitrary redistribution of wealth that accompany unexpected inflation.60.Examples in the text (or variations) include increased immigration, a decrease in the minimum wage, more generous unemployment insurance, an increase in the capital stock, an increase in the average level of education, a discovery of new mineral deposits, technology, and removal of barriers to international trade.61.See graph. Over time technological advances cause the long-run aggregate supply curve to shift right. Increases in the money supply cause the aggregate demand curve to shift right. Output growth puts downward pressure on the price level, but money supply growth contributes to rising prices.62.The wealth effect is not very important because it operates through changes in the real value of money, and money is only a small fraction of household wealth. So it is unlikely that changes in the price level will lead to large changes in consumption spending through this channel. The exchange-rate effect is not very important in the United States because trade with other countries represents a relatively small fraction of U.S. GDP.63. If the interest rate is above equilibrium, there is an excess supply of money. People with more money than they want to hold given the current interest rate deposit the money in banks and buy bonds. The increase in funds to lend out causes the interest rate to fall. As the interest rate falls, the quantity of money demanded increases, which tends to diminish the excess supply of money.64. a) 税收减少增加了储蓄的收益、减少了投资的成本，但税收减少对储蓄和投资的影响要视情况而定。