科技英语翻译篇章

科技英文作文70字带提纲"英文，"As a tech enthusiast, I believe that technology has greatly impacted our lives in both positive and negative ways. On the one hand, it has made communication more convenient and efficient. For example, social media platforms like Facebook and Instagram allow me to easily stay connected with friends and family, no matter wherethey are in the world. On the other hand, technology hasalso led to issues such as cyberbullying and privacy concerns. For instance, I have personally experienced cyberbullying on a social media platform, which made me realize the dark side of technology."中文，"作为一个科技爱好者，我相信科技在积极和消极方面对我们的生活产生了巨大的影响。

一方面，它使沟通更加便利和高效。

例如，像Facebook和Instagram这样的社交媒体平台让我能够轻松地与朋友和家人保持联系，无论他们身在世界的哪个角落。

另一方面，科技也带来了诸如网络欺凌和隐私问题等挑战。

例如，我曾在社交媒体平台上亲身经历过网络欺凌，这让我意识到了科技的阴暗面。

功能对等理论框架下的科技英语翻译研究作者：赵佳佳来源：《黑龙江教育学院学报》2017年第01期摘要：科技英语作为世界科技经济交流的应用文体，越来越受到人们的关注。

基于奈达“功能对等论”框架下的科技英语翻译，更加注重源语文本的信息传达，更加符合译入语的文化内涵，实现了“功能对等”。

基于功能对等论下的科技英语翻译，对于指导翻译工作有着极为重要的现实意义。

关键词：功能对等；科技英语；翻译中图分类号：H315.9文献标志码：A文章编号：10017836（2017）01012103科技英语（English for Science and Technology，简称EST）从20世纪70年代开始逐渐演进发展为一种科技文体，被从事科学技术活动的人们所广泛使用，根据有关研究者的统计，在国外部分知名杂志报刊上刊登的多数科技文章，就包含有不少的专业英语词汇。

在科技英语的翻译上，奈达的“功能对等论”以实现目的语文本与源语文本相同或相似的功能的翻译原则对于科技英语翻译工作具有许多指导意义。

一、科技英语广义上来讲，科技英语是一种与科学技术有关的英语，它出现于20世纪50年代，二战后逐渐发展为一种国际语言，被广泛应用于科研理论和科技文献研究领域。

科技英语具有很强的专业性和实用性，其内容覆盖计算机、电子通信技术、产品加工、心理学、生物学、航空技术、材料学、农业、机械等多个领域。

根据德国学者赖斯的理论研究，科技英语属于一种信息型的科技文本，在应用中强调的是语言之外的现实性和使用性。

二、科技英语语言特征1科技英语词汇特征科技英语的词汇具有其独特的特征。

Newmark认为：“科技英语与其他英语翻译最大的不同在于其科技文本中含有大量的专业术语。

”[1]科技英语词汇主要分为技术词汇（Technical words）、半技术词汇（Semitechnical words）及非技术词汇（Nontechnical words）三种类型[2]。

科技英语翻译与功能对等理论论文摘要：风格层面的功能对等主要体现在科技英语的语篇是否突出了层次的清晰、构思的严谨、措辞的简洁以及重点表达的思想等四个方面的特点，这四个特点也是科技英语翻译在翻译过程中应该遵循的基本原则和重要规范。

一、功能等理论概述功能对等理论是美国语言学家和翻译家尤金·奈达在1964年出版的《翻译科学初探》中提出来的，他提出了“形式对等”和“动态对等”两个翻译概念，其中“形式对等”是指翻译的过程中将原文的含义和特征原封不动地进行直译的翻译，或者接复制至目的文本中；而“动态对等”是翻译中用最贴切的对等语再现原来的信息，达到从语义到语体的过程。

奈达认为“形式对等”与“动态对等”的最大区别在于翻译的接受语所达到的效果，他对“动态对等”做了强调，并在此基础上提出了具有影响力的功能对等，并根据对等的程度对功能对等做了不同层次的划分，属于最高层次的功能对等是读者通过阅读译文所体会到的感想与原文的读者读到原文时所感受到的体会是一致的，这是最理想的翻译的境界。

最低层次的功能对等是实现译文读者的对原文的想象，即译文读者通过阅读译文能够想象到原文读者对原文欣赏时的心理体验，这是阅读译文最基本的要求。

功能对等理论的核心是译文读者对译文的反映，直译与意译一直是存在于翻译中具有争论的两个方面，其争论的焦点在于译文与原文之间的关系，直译要求要尊重原文，准确地翻译原文；而意译要求将原文理解后以便于读者接受的语言翻译出来。

由于原文的读者与译文的读者在接受信息方面存在一定的差异，因此，要达到原文与译文之间的真正对等是不可能的，奈达的对等功能强调的是相对意义的对等，在翻译的实践中要以语言的差异进行灵活地翻译，可以和原文有一定的出入，但是，翻译的本质还是对文本信息内涵的传递，通过相对的对等，可以避免翻译过程中一些过分关注原文而造成译文难以理解的缺陷。

二、科技英语特点及分类科技英语是指在自然科学以及工程技术方面所使用的英语，包括涉及的教科书、著作以及论文和报告等，从广义上来讲，科技英语就是所有与科学有关的英语。

1 Monograph专著1. The general definition of a monographScientific treatises of book length but otherwise variable format prepared by acknowledged experts onspecialized topics for the benefit of others who have specialized in. or who wish to obtain a specialist'sappreciation of, these topics.2. The value of monographs for scientific researchesThe value of monographs lies in the coherence and comprehensiveness of the information and knowledge theycontain, which is important to the specialized researchers to whom they are directed and, therefore, to theadvancement of science and engineering generally.3. The qualities of the authors of monographsThe authors of monographs should have exceptional breadth and depth of knowledge, and must be able tocollect, collate, analyze, integrate, and synthesize all relevant contributions to the archival literature of thescientific and engineering journals and to add original material as required.4. The differences between monographs and books of conference proceedingsMonographs generally are written by specialists for the benefit of other specialists. Textbooks are pedagogicalworks which, even if written on fairly narrow subjects, are designed to serve broader and more juniorreaderships than specialized research communities.5. The differences between monographs and books of conference proceedingsConference papers commonly take the form of premature announcements of new scientific discoveries.Conference proceedings generally have a short shelf life.6. The main components of a monographThe author, title and subtitle, date of publication, dust cover or blurb, content pages, bibliography and index,illustrations, preface and introduction.7. An indication of the book’s successThe number of editions is an indic ation of the book’s success.8. The function of the blurbIt gives the reader a rapid overview of the contents and approach. It might also say what the book contains andfor whom it is written.2 Academic Journal学术期刊1. The general definition of an academic journalAn academic journal is a peer-reviewed periodical in which scholarship relating to a particular academicdiscipline is published.2. The significance of peer-review processThe peer-review process is considered critical to establishing a reliable body of research and knowledge.3. The definition of review articlesReview articles, also called “reviews of progress”, are checks on the research published in journals.4. One difference between original research articles and review articlesUnlike original research articles, review articles tend to be solicited submissions, sometimes planned years inadvance.5. The places where science journals are authoritatively rankedNatural science journals are categorized and ranked in the Science Citation Index, and social science journalsin the Social Science Citation Index.6. The possible quantitative factors to reflect an academic journal’s prestigeThe number of later articles citing articles already published in the journal, the overall number of citations,how quickly articles are cited, and the average “half-life” of articles.7. The financial resources of humanities and social science academic journalsSubsidies by universities or professional organizations and advertising fees by advertisers.8. The role of internet in the production of, and access to, academic journalsThe Internet has revolutionized the production of, and access to, academic journals, with their contentsavailable online via services subscribed to by academic libraries or even in a way of open access. 33 Organization of a Scientific Paper科技论文的篇章结构1. In most scientific journals, scientific papers include the following sectionsSummary or Abstract, Introduction, Materials and Methods, Results, Discussion, Acknowledgments.2. The content of Summary or AbstractIt gives a brief background to the topic, describes concisely the major findings of the paper, and relates thesefindings to the field of study.3. The Introduction section deals with the following two pointsIt describes first the accepted state of knowledge in a specialized field; then it focuses more specifically on aparticular aspect, usually describing a finding or set of findings that led directly to the work described in thepaper.4. The purpose of Materials and MethodsIts purpose is to describe the materials used in the experiments and the methods by which the experimentswere carried out.5. The two ways of organizing ResultsIn some papers, the results are presented without extensive discussion, which is reserved for thefollowingsection. In other papers, results are given, and then they are interpreted, perhaps taken together with otherfindings not in the paper, so as to give the logical basis for later experiments.6. The purposes of the Discussion sectionThe data in the paper are interpreted; the findings of the paper are related to other findings in the field; thisserves to show how the findings contribute to knowledge, or correct the errors of previous work; some of thelogical arguments are often provided when it is necessary to clarify why later experiments were earned out.7. The reason for combining the Results and DiscussionBecause the data need extensive discussion to allow the reader to follow the train of logic developed in thecourse of the research.8. The difference between the abstracts in Science and those in NatureIn Science, the abstract is self-contained; in Nature, the abstract also serves as a brief introduction to the paper.4 Reading a Scientific Paper科技论文的阅读方法1. The order to understand the major points of the work, you should first readThe Abstract.2. Reading the Title and the Abstract serves three purposesFirst, it clarifies whether you in fact know enough background to appreciate the paper. Second, it refreshesyour memory about the topic. Third, it helps you integrate the new information into your previous knowledgeabout the topic.3. When reading in a familiar field, you can skim or even skipThe Introduction.4. The three typical codewordsData not shown, unpublished data, preliminary data.5. The poorly written papers are often related to three types of writersThose who are poor writers; those who do not enjoy writing, and do not take the time or effort to ensure thatthe prose is dear and logical; those who are so familiar with the material that it is difficult to step back and seeit from the point of view of a reader not familiar with the topic.6. The three characteristics of “bad writing”First, the logical connections are often left out. Second, papers are often cluttered with a great deal of jargon.Third, the authors often do not provide a clear roadmap through the paper.7. In better writing, the side issues are dealt with in the following waysThey are relegated to Figure legends or Materials and Methods or clearly identified as side issues, so as not todistract the reader.8. Another problem faced by the readers is that when they seek to understand just the experiment was,they may findThe authors refer back to previous papers; these refer in turn to previous papers m a long chain.。

科技英语翻译科技英语（English for Science and Technology，简称EST）是从事科学技术活动时所使用的英语，是英语的一种变体（科技文体）。

科技英语自70年代以来引起了人们的广泛关注和研究，目前已发展成为一种重要的英语语体。

本节所讨论的科技英语主要指描述、探讨自然科学各专业的著作、论文、实验报告，科技实用手段（包括仪器、仪表、机械、工具等）的结构描述和操作说明等。

一、科技英语的文体特点科技英语由于其内容、使用域和语篇功能的特殊性，也由于科技工作者长期以来的语言使用习惯，形成了自身的一些特点，使其在许多方面有别于日常英语、文学英语等语体。

这些特点主要表现在词汇和句法两个层面上：（一）词汇层面（1）专业术语多。

专业术语指某一学科领域所特有或专用的语汇，其词义常不为专业外读者所明白，如cryogenics （低温学）、norepinephrine （新肾上腺素）等。

这些专业术语的特点是：a. 词形较长，大多含有源于拉丁语、希腊语和法语的词根、词缀。

这类词语的语义范围较为狭窄，意义较为明确固定，符合科技英语准确明晰的要求。

如：nucleonics （核子学），semisomnus （半昏迷），autoradiography （自动射线照相术），excoriation （表皮脱落）等。

b. 多复合词。

人们常常通过各种构词方法创造出一些复合词来表示科技发展中出现的新事物，如radiophotography （无线电传真），anti-armored fighting vehicle missile（反装甲车导弹）等。

c. 多缩略词。

为使用便利和节省时间，科技英语同经贸英语一样，也有许多缩略词，如cpd （compound化合物），FM （frequency modulation 调频），telesat（telecommunications satellite通讯卫星）等。

（2）准专业术语和词汇多。

《科技英语翻译》 课程名称课程名称
科技英语翻译 课程编号课程编号 2120238 英文名称英文名称
Scientific English Translation 课程类型课程类型 本专业推荐选修课 学时学时
36 其中其中：：理论学时理论学时 36 实验学时实验学时 实践学时实践学时 学分学分 2 预修课程预修课程 基础英语，笔译、口译等 适用对象适用对象 英语专业三年级
课程简介课程简介
本课程帮助学生了解科技英语的特点，通过英汉两种语言的对比和大量的译例在词的层面上介绍科技英语英汉互译的一系列常用的翻译方法和技巧；通过大量的译例在句子和篇章的层面上，介绍具有普遍性和典型性的翻译方法和技巧。

拓宽对各领域科技知识和对英语科技材料的阅读理解，掌握生命科学、应用生物学、生态学、环境科学、电子、计算机、能源、
生物技术与农业等学科的常识性科技知识和相关的科技英语词汇，培养学生翻译科技英语材料的基本素质，达到能够利用工具书翻译一般性的科技文章。

译文要求基本通顺、达意，符合科技语言的要求。