下载文档原格式
第三节概要写作该题型要求根据所提供的材料写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
其中所提供的短文词数在350以内，所选材料的体裁没有限制，以说明文、议论文和记叙文为主。
评分标准本题总分为25分，按5个档次给分(词数少于40和多于80的，从总分中减去2分)常见错误1．不能准确抓住要点。
概要写作的重点是能概括出要点，如果不能抓住要点，句子写得再好，也不能得分。
因此，抓住要点是关键。
抓准要点，除了要读懂文章的主旨、了解文章的结构，还要特别注意一些标志词，如小标题、高频词等。
2．随意打乱文章的结构。
概要写作一般会提供结构比较清晰的文章。
而写概要的时候，一般都是按照文章的结构去概括要点。
不要轻易打乱文章的结构。
3．各个要点的独立性不够。
考试说明对要点的独立性有明确的要求。
因此，我们对要点的陈述也要相对独立，一般不要把几个要点放到一个句子中。
4．照抄原文中的句子。
概要写作的独立性除了各个要点的独立之外，其实还要求用自己的语言去概括文章，不能直接照抄原文的句子。
因此，切记要用自己的语言来概括要点。
一、在写作时，主要考虑以下内容：1．概括的准确性概要应包括原文中的主要事实，略去不必要的细节。
安排好篇幅的比例，概要应同原文保持协调，即用较多的文字写重要内容，用较少的文字写次要内容。
开篇用主题句清楚明白地告诉读者文章的写作目的，主题句的质量决定概括的成败。
2．语言的规范性尽量使用短句，慎用长难句。
多使用概括性词语，少用具体描述性词语。
不排斥用原文的某些词句，但不要照搬原文的句子，如果不能完全用自己的语言来表达，至少要对原文句子作一些同义词替换，如果结构上也能有一些转换会更好。
3．篇章的连贯性理解准确，涵盖全部要点，完全使用自己的语言，准确使用相应的语法结构和词汇，得分档次相应比较高；相反，如果概要写作部分出现两句以上整句抄自原文现象，得分档次将会大大降低；所写内容与所提供内容无关则不得分。
所写的文章要有一个明确的主题贯穿全文，在组织材料时要有明晰的思路。
决战2020年高考冲刺卷（一）（京津鲁浙琼专版）英语试卷（考试时间：100分钟试卷满分：120分）第一部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5 分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
AThis famous site features one of the largest and most representative collections of Buddhist architecture and art in China. It was rated as a 5A-class tourist attraction in 2010.The Lingshan Grand Buddha is an 88-meter-high open-air bronze statue of Sakyamuni. It is 17 meters higher than the Grand Buddha at Leshan Mountain. It is part of the pattern of Five Buddhas in five directions together with the Big Buddha at Lantau Island in Hong Kong to the south, the Grand Buddha at Leshan Mountain to the west, the Grand Buddha in Yungang Caves to the north and the Grand Buddha at the Longmen Caves in the central area. At the feet of the Grand Buddha, you can feel the loftiness （雄伟）and dignity of Buddhism.Tips：Location: Lingshan Road, Mashan town, Binhu district, WuxiTickets: Through ticket：210 yuan （$ 31. 85）, and free tickets for the performance of Ode to Auspiciousness for individual visitorsOpening hours for Lingshan Mountain: 7：00 17：00Opening hours for Brahma Palace: 9：00 18：00Recommendations:The Nine-Dragon FountainThe Nine-Dragon Fountain in front of the giant Buddha will start to play music and the song, The Birth of Buddha , at 10 am every day. A huge lotus（莲花）slowly blooms with six petals, and a 7-meter golden statue of Prince Buddha rises from the lotus, with one hand pointing to the sky and one hand at the earth, symbolizing Buddha's light shining on all things.The Brahma PalaceThe whole palace shows the mixture of traditional cultural elements with Western architectural features. Many cultural heritage items and art works can be found there. Its splendid design surprises every visitor.21．What is the Lingshan Grand Buddha famous for?A．Its typical collections of architecture and art.B．Its special material.C．Its geographical location.D．Its long history.22．What do we know about the performance of Ode to Auspiciousness?A．It lasts 10 hours for visitors.B．It costs 210 yuan at least.C．It's available only for group visitors.D．It's free if you get a through ticket.23．Why does the writer recommend the Brahma Palace to us?A．It’s in front of the giant Buddha.B．Its design and collections are amazing.C．Visitors can enjoy a huge lotus there.D．Many traditional cultural items are on sale.【解析】本文是一篇说明文。
姓名，年级：时间：考前冲刺卷（一）选择题部分第一部分听力(略)第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分35分）第一节（共10小题；每小题2.5分，满分25分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。
AFor some years，my mother worked for a charity as President and Secretary。
Selling raffle tickets(兑奖券) was her main means of bringing in the charity’s muchneeded funds.We girls would accompany her,selling tickets with great success.My father made and donated beautiful wooden toys，jewellery boxes and other lovely items as prizes。
Now my sister was always coming up with “good ideas”,most of which didn’t work out to plan.But that didn’t deter her.She had many just waiting to be tested.When she was eight and I was just five，we had a wonderful idea for a business adventure。
We decided we would sell raffle tickets for charity，and that charity was us!So one afternoon，we told our mother we were going to play in the park with our cousins as we did most days after school。
四、建议信建议信是生活中常见的一种文体，是写信人向收信人对某事提出的建议和忠告。
建议信可能是写给个人，也可能是写给某个组织或机构，信的内容要包括写信的原因，建议的内容，提出建议的理由。
建议信要写得简明扼要、目的明确、具有合理性和说服力。
具体写作步骤一般是“三段式”，通常以firstly，secondly，thirdly或to begin/start with，then，later，last but not least等依次陈述建议，具体为：第一段：表明写作意图。
陈述事由，简单介绍自己，注意语气。
第二段：应该首先肯定对方的优点，然后再写需要改进的地方或针对具体情况提出具体的建议或忠告。
注意千万不要让别人以为你是在投诉，而不是提建议。
第三段：对提出的建议进行总结。
要注意有礼貌，使读者容易接受。
注意事项：1．注意时态和人称的正确使用。
2．注意论点和论据之间的衔接过渡。
3．注意英文标点符号的正确使用和流利的书写。
(一)一定要背下来的词汇1．mention v．提到2．situation n．情况；形势3．furthermore ad v.此外4．meanwhile ad v.同时5．discussion n．讨论6．proposal n．建议7．advise v．建议8．suggest v．建议9．wise adj.明智的10．in my opinion在我看来(二)一定要背下来的套用句型1．You have asked me for my advice with regard to...and I will try to make some useful suggestions.你来信询问我关于……的意见，我会尽量提出一些有用的建议。
2．I’ve been thinking about the question you wrote in the letter.In my opinion，you should...我一直在思考你来信中提到的问题。
2.读后续写一A阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
When my parents were in trouble at Christmas，our neighbors taught me the true value of kindness.I grew up on a 50-acre farm in the small country community in Missouri，as the sixth of seven children.My parents were hard-working farmers and paid regular visits to the farm growing such crops as potatoes，oats and corn.During meals，they often talked about how everything on the table except the sugar and flour came from the land.Although we were not rich，they were eager to help others and would make donations to the needy every year.Besides running the farm，Dad was also a carpenter.However，unfortunately，in the fall of 1970，as he was working on a house，the ladder broke.He fell off the ladder and his back was fractured(使断裂) in two places.He suffered from great pain.Misery and worry took over our family as well.He stayed in hospital for three weeks with his head and feet down，permitting his back to be straight again.On Thanksgiving Day，Dad was still in hospital.We always butchered pigs the day after the holiday，and that year my uncle showed up with a couple of cousins to help my three elder brothers prepare our year’s supply of pork.After Dad returned home，he was not in a good situation and unable to work.I was too young to realize our family had no money coming in and could hardly make ends meet as Christmas approached.One night we heard a car coming up the long driveway.Growing up in the faraway farm，we kids were curious about who was visiting.As it turned out，Peggy，one of our neighbors，was at the door，holding an envelope filled with money.She told my dad she had collected money in the community and was there to deliver it.注意：1．所续写短文的词数应为150左右；2．至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语；3．续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；4．续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
基础知识默写1．expand v i.扩大；膨胀→expansion n．膨胀；扩展2．stage n．阶段；时期；舞台v．上演3．conclusion n．结论→conclude v t.总结；推断4．aim n．目标；目的→aimless adj.漫无目的的→aimlessly ad v.漫无目的地；无目标地5．equipment n．设备；装备→equip v t.装备；配备6．react v i.(化学)反应→reaction n．(化学)反应7．boil v t.煮；煮沸→boiled adj.煮沸的；煮熟的→boiling adj.沸腾的8．ordinary adj.普通的；平常的9．form v i.形成n．形式；表格10．balance n．天平；平衡v．保持平衡→balanced adj.平衡的11．lecture n．演讲v．演讲；训话→lecturer n．演讲者12．department n．(大学的)科、系13．astonished adj.吃惊的；惊愕的→astonishing adj.令人吃惊的；令人惊愕的→astonish v t.使吃惊；使惊愕→astonishment n．惊异；惊愕14．liquid n．液体15．substance n．物质16．contract v i.收缩n．合同17．mixture n．混合物→mix v t.混合v i.交往，相处→mixed adj.混合的；混杂的18．electricity n．电→electrical adj.与电有关的；用电的→electronic adj.电子的19．partial adj.部分的；局部的→part n．部分；局部→partly ad v.部分地；一定程度上地20．oxygen n．氧气21．rust v i.生锈22．steam n．蒸汽；水汽23．float v i.漂浮24．dissolve v i.溶解；分解；分离25．flame n．火焰26．facility n．(常用复数)设备；工具27．tube n．管子；地铁28．put...in order使……有条理；使……整齐29．react with与……反应30．find out弄清楚；弄明白31．at the top/bottom在顶/底部32．add...to...往……加入……33．keep out of使……不进入，防止进入34．used to过去(常常)……35．in the area of 在……领域36．be proud of为……感到骄傲/自豪37．be supposed to应当；理应38．The earth is forty-nine times larger than the moon.地球是月球的49倍。
姓名，年级：时间：考前冲刺卷(二)选择题部分第一部分听力(略）第二部分阅读理解(共两节,满分35分）第一节（共10小题；每小题2.5分,满分25分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
AElizabeth Garrett Anderson was born on 9 June，1836，in Whitechapel，East London.She was expected to marry well and live the life of a lady.However，meetings with the feminist（女权主义者) Emily Davies and Elizabeth Blackwell，the first American woman physician，convinced Elizabeth Garrett that she should become a doctor。
This was unheard of at that time and her attempts to study at a number of medical schools were refused。
She enrolled(入学) as a nursing student at Middlesex Hospital and attended classes for male doctors,but was driven out after complaints from other students。
As the Society of Apothecaries did not specifically forbid women from taking its examinations，in 1865 she passed their exams and gained a certificate which enabled her to become a doctor.The Society then changed its rules to prevent other women entering the profession this way.In 1866，she set up a clinic for women in London，thanks to her father's backing；in 1870 she was made a visiting physician to the East London Hospital。
题型组合练(五)Ⅰ.阅读理解AWhilemost4yearoldsaremakingmudpiesorsellinglemonade，AustinPerineofBirmingham，Alabamadecidedtogoonestepfurther.Withhisredcape(披肩) coveringhisshoulders，AustinPerinefeedsthehungryandhomelesspopulationthroughoutthecityinaneffortto“sh owlove”tothosewhoneed“foodandsmiles”．“Showlove”，accordingtoAustin，hasbecomehissuperheromotto.Hissuperheroname？PresidentAustin，ofcourse.Austin’sfather，TJPerine，toldCNNthatAustinhasalwaysbeencompassionate(有同情心的)，asheactslikea“littledad”forhisbrother，Taylor.However，itwasn’tuntilAustinlearnedthatpeopleareexperiencinghomelessnessthathedecidedtos harewhathehaswiththerestofhiscommunity.TJnotedthatAustin’sfirstknowle dgeaboutho melessnesscameafterwatchinganaturedocumentaryaboutababypandaontelevision.“AustinandIwerewatchingananimalshowandtherewasamotherpandathatwasleavingher baby，”TJsaid.“Austinbegantogetconcerned，andItoldhimthatthebabypandawouldbehomeless.”Tobetterteachhissonabouthomelessness，TJtooktheyoungboytothecityshelter，atwhichpointAustinasked，“Canwefeedthem？”Inresponse，TJtookAustintoBurgerKingwhereheenthusiasticallyvolunteeredtopayforthechickensand wichesusinghisweeklypocketmoney，therebygivingupnewtoysthatweek.Austinandhisfatherhaveplanstoexpandtheircommunityoutreacheffortssotheycanals ofighthomelessnessatitsroots.TheyhavealsostartedaGoFundMeaspartoftheirShowLoveFo undation.“We’vegottenalotofsupportfromthecountry，andwhatwewanttodoisexpandanddofrommorethanjustgivingoutsandwiches，”TJtoldCNN，sayingthat，finally，heandAustinhopetobuildaservicecenterthatdealswiththemanycausesandsymptomsofhomel essness.“Mentalillness，drugabuse，addiction，andthingslikethat，”hesaid.“AustinandIwanttobuildaservicecenterandgetsomespeci alistsinther ethatcanactuallyhelpthesepeoplegetbackintotheworkforce.”1．WhatcanweknowaboutAustinfromthefirstparagraph? A．Hehassympathyforthehomeless.B．Helikeswatchingsuperheromovies.C．Heusedtoenjoymakingmudpiesbest.D．Hefrequentlymakeslemonadeforthepoor.答案 A解析细节理解题。
第二讲读后续写考点考查项目2019.6 2018.11 2018.6 2017.11 2017.6读后续写语篇类型轮空轮空故事类记叙文主题语境人与社会主题内容和爸爸去朋友家农场游玩迷路的故事和父母一起去旅行的故事和朋友一起骑行，在野外遇到狼的故事标示词名词7 7 7动词 2 0 3形容词/副词1 3 0其他0 0 0 考查方式提供一段350词以内的语言材料，要求考生依据该材料内容、所给段落开头语和所标示关键词语进行续写(150词左右)，使之构成一篇与给定材料有逻辑衔接、情节和结构完整的短文一、命题特点读后续写是一种将阅读与写作紧密结合的考查形式，旨在考查考生的综合语言运用能力。
读后续写——给出前文，写后文。
理论上来说，前文用于阅读输入信息，信息经过大脑思维转换后，形成对前文的理解，理解一定是建立在确定主旨大意，明确前文作者态度和关键信息的前提下，在大脑思维中建立一个对前文的理解框架和概括，在此基础上，继续建立顺序思维，确定接下来在理解前文的基础上如何安排下面继续可能或者应该出现的内容，续写部分内容不仅要求词汇和语言框架的准确使用、语言的润色等，更重要的是，你要明白你应该如何整理续写内容，以使得其和前文形成统一连贯的、能够表述完整信息的表达内容。
续写是读和写的统一，之间穿插了对阅读能力、概括能力、思维转化能力、语言领悟能力、语言组织能力、创造性思维能力，以及对上下文逻辑关系的掌握等的考查。
续写对于前文文本的选择应该是脉络清晰，能够为不同层次考生根据不同能力确认主旨信息的文本。
前文的选择一定既要信息完整，可以提炼观点，又要为下面的续写留有余地，考验命题者的选文判断能力。
高质量地完成读后续写最重要的是要通过大量阅读信息的输入，形成一定的阅读思维能力。
沉淀思维，归纳信息，梳理脉络，转换思维，那么阅读的思维能力注定会迅速提升，对续写的前文的理解是这一题型的最关键部分，否则后面的续写就不会有任何形成思维的信息输入，也就谈不上输出了！多读，多思维，多沉淀，多拓展，这是应对读后续写的重要环节！二、题型特点读后续写的阅读材料一般以350词以内的记叙文和夹叙夹议文为主，偶有少量议论文。
第二讲句式要高级，句子要鲜活句式单一，缺乏生气的文章，哪怕无任何错误也不可能得高分。
精彩句式的合理使用会使文章极具可读性。
考生在写作时应多运用一些高级句式和复合句，并注意句式的灵活多变，让文章读起来抑扬顿挫，让考生深厚的语言功底得以体现，让作文跨上五档线！[策略1]特殊句式，风景独好写作中，如果考生能够使用强调句、倒装句、省略句、感叹句等特殊句式，不仅能彰显考生的英语水平，还能提升写作档次。
1．运用强调句①(2019·太原模拟书面表达)With your generous help, I firmly believe that I will adapt to the college life as soon as possible.→It is with your generous help that I firmly believe that I will adapt to the college life as soon as possible.②(2019·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)I believe hard work will pay off!→I do believe hard work will pay off!2．运用倒装句(2019·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)The game is so significant that it is required that everyone should be present punctually.→So significant is the game that it is required that everyone should be present punctually.3．运用虚拟语气If you should accept my application, I would spare no effort to commit myself to your satisfaction.→Should you accept my application, I would spare no effort to commit myself to your satisfaction.4．运用省略句(2019·昆明高三摸底调研书面表达)While we travel along the way, we can enjoy the beautiful scenery as well as the new looks of the villages and towns.→While travelling along the way, we can enjoy the beautiful scenery as well as the new looks of the villages and towns.5．it 句型①(2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)First of all, bear it in mind that you had better arrive punctually or some time earlier than the appointed time, which is of great significance to show your politeness.(it作形式宾语)②(2018·江苏卷书面表达)It is necessary to hold an objective attitude towardsratings.(it作形式主语)[策略2]三大句式，编排巧妙1．增加亮点的定语从句定语从句的应用可以非常有效地提升表达档次，在写作中如果我们可以把两个简单句合并为一个含有定语从句的复合句，或者把并列句改为含有定语从句的复合句，这些都能为文章增加亮点。
1.应用文一A(2019·丽水模拟)你校高三年级最近举办了一次趣味运动会，给同学们减压。
假定你是学校英语报记者，请写一篇短文，报道此次活动。
内容包括：1．时间与地点：12月25日，学校操场；2．活动大致介绍。
注意：1．词数80左右；2．请适当加入细节，使行文连贯。
参考范文A fun game for all Senior Three students was held on the school playground on December25.Various sports games，fun and exciting，attracted lots of participants，among which Riding Pigs，Mud Wrestling and Cheese Rolling were the most welcomed.The playground was filled with the students’ laughter and cheers.Aiming to relieve the Senior Three students from pressure and get them a break from heavy school work，the activity was a great success.Hopefully，the laughter from the fun game will stay with them in their later study.B(2019·温州高考适应性考试)假定你是李华，是校学生会主席。
加拿大某高中部分学生将于下周来你校交流学习，请你代表学校给他们的领队Alan发邮件明确接机事宜，内容包括：1．核实到达时间；2．明确接机位置；3．告知辨认方式。
注意：1．词数80左右；2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考范文Dear Alan，I’m Li Hua，president of the school Students’Union.On behalf of our school，I’m honored to meet your team at the airport.Are you arriving at 5：15 pm next Monday？If so，I’ll be waiting for you at the exit of the International Arrival Hall.To make myself easily picked out，I’m going to hold a signboard with your name on it.And I’m sure you won’t miss it.Wish you a pleasant journey!Yours，Li HuaC(2019·绍兴诸暨高考适应性试卷)假如你是李华，你最近在某网站购得一部电子书阅读器(Kindle)，却发现商品存在一些质量问题。
请你给商品负责人写一封电子邮件进行投诉，要点如下：1．购买时间；2．质量问题；3．你的要求。
注意：1．词数80左右；2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考范文Dear Sir/Madam，I’m writing to complain about a Kindle that I purchased from your website on May 1st.After one week of its purchase，I find it doesn’t work as expected.The battery doesn’t last long after being recharged，perhaps merely half a day.Worse than that，the words on the screen are not distinct enough，which I think is damaging my eyesight.I have been a devoted customer of your company and I hope you will look into the matter seriously and replace the faulty Kindle with a new one as guaranteed.Thank you!Yours sincerely，Li Hua 二A(2019·浙江五校联考)假定你是学生会主席李华，学生会举办了英语戏剧节(English Drama Festival)，得到了外教Miss Brown的大力帮助。
活动圆满结束后，请给她写一封感谢信。
内容包括：1．表达感谢；2．外教的帮助；3．同学的收获。
注意：1．词数80左右；2．信的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
3．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Miss Brown，Yours，Li Hua 参考范文Dear Miss Brown，I’m writing to express my sincere gratitude for your kind help in the school English Drama Festival，which has turned out to be an amazing success.It’s so nice of you to have offered us a class of presentation skills and basic stage techniques.Under your professional guidance，the participants gave such an impressive performance.Some students overcame the fear of acting in front of audience and gained tremendous confidence.Others developed communication skills and knew how to cooperate in a team.Most importantly，this activity has fueled our passion for English drama.Many thanks for your time and support.Yours，Li HuaB假定你是李华，你校交流生Tom很喜欢中国象棋，并想向你学习下中国象棋。
请你根据下面的要点给他写一封电子邮件：1．简要介绍中国象棋；2．表示乐意传授，并告知具体的安排(时间、地点等)；3．你的要求及希望。
注意：1．词数80左右；2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考范文Dear Tom，Hardly had I known that you have a preference for Chinese chess when I determined to assist you with all my might.Now，I’d like to introduce Chinese chess to you.Chinese chess dates back to ancient times，through which we possess the opportunity to develop patience as well as wisdom.I plan to teach you this Sunday afternoon at our Student Center if it is convenient for you.Learning a few rules about the chess ahead of time is of great help.Looking forward to your further progress.Yours，Li HuaC假定你是李华，在网上看到加拿大某学校的一则招收寒假短期游学学生的广告，你对此很感兴趣，决定给该校项目负责人写一封邮件，咨询具体的安排。
内容包括：1．课程开设时间、内容、费用等；2．住宿情况。
注意：1．词数80左右；2．开头及结尾已给出，不计入总词数；3．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Sir/Madam，Yours，Li Hua 参考范文Dear Sir/Madam，I am Li Hua，a student from China.As I plan to attend a winter school in Canada during the vacation，I’m writing to ask more details about it.My first concern is when the course starts and how long it lasts.I also wonder what the course is actually about.Besides，I’d like to know how much I have to pay for the program and whether the accommodation is included.Would there be a host family or dormitory?I am looking forward to your early reply.Yours，Li Hua三A假定你是李华，是校读书俱乐部负责人。
俱乐部将在下周三下午三点在报告厅举行英语朗读比赛。
请你给外教Tom写一封电子邮件。
内容如下：1．邀请他担任比赛评委；2．问他届时是否有空出席；3．请他向学生推荐合适的文学作品。
注意：1．词数80左右；2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考范文Dear Mr Tom，I’m writing to invite you to be present at the recitation contest organized by the reading club at three o’clock next Wednesday afternoon in the lecture hall.If available then，could you do us a favor? And we would appreciate having you as a judge.By the way，it would be very nice if you could recommend some classic English literary works suitable for us students.Thanks for considering our request.I’m looking forward to your reply at your earliest convenience!Yours sincerely，Li HuaB(2018·绍兴柯桥区二模)为了激发同学们对中国传统文化的学习热情，南洋国际学校决定近期举办中国诗词大赛，许多在校英美留学生都想积极参加。
