网络营销策略外文文献翻译

网络营销外文文献及翻译网络营销外文文献及翻译⒈引言在当今数字化的时代，互联网的普及使得网络营销成为企业获取客户和提升品牌知名度的重要手段。

本文将介绍网络营销的相关概念、方法和策略，以及最新的外文文献翻译，帮助读者了解和应用于实际工作中。

⒉网络营销的定义和概念⑴网络营销的定义网络营销是利用互联网和数字技术手段，通过在线渠道推广产品或服务，实现销售和市场推广的一种营销方式。

⑵网络营销的概念网络营销包括搜索引擎营销、社交媒体营销、电子邮件营销、内容营销等多种手段与策略的综合运用，旨在吸引潜在客户、增加品牌关注度、提高销售量。

⒊网络营销的方法和策略⑴搜索引擎营销(SEM)搜索引擎营销是一种通过在搜索引擎上购买广告或优化网站排名的方式，提高企业在搜索结果页面的曝光率和访问量。

⑵社交媒体营销(SMM)社交媒体营销是利用社交平台如Facebook、Twitter等，通过发布有趣、有价值的内容来吸引和与潜在客户进行互动，建立品牌形象。

⑶电子邮件营销(EMM)电子邮件营销是指通过发送电子邮件来推广产品或服务，与潜在客户建立联系，提高客户转化率和忠诚度。

⑷内容营销内容营销是通过创造和分享有价值的内容来吸引和保留潜在客户，提高品牌知名度和客户忠诚度。

⑸针对移动设备的营销随着智能方式和平板电脑的普及，移动设备成为了重要的营销渠道，企业可以通过开发响应式网站、移动应用和短信营销等方式在移动设备上吸引客户。

⒋外文文献翻译⑴文献标题（标题）⑵文献摘要（摘要内容）⑶文献翻译（翻译内容）⒌附件本文档涉及的附件请参见附件部分。

⒍法律名词及注释⑴法律名词1（解释）⑵法律名词2（解释）⑶法律名词3（解释）。

网络营销中英文对照外文翻译文献E-MarketingE-Marketing is the use of digital ___。

It is a subset of e-business and includes activities such as online advertising。

search engine n。

email marketing。

social media marketing。

and mobile marketing.The first step in ___ target audience。

This can be done through market research。

analyzing website traffic。

and studying social media trends。

Once the target audience is identified。

the next step is to create a marketing plan that includes goals。

objectives。

tactics。

and metrics.One of the advantages of e-marketing is ___。

it is ___ of content。

language。

and currency are all ___.Search engine n (SEO) is a critical component of e-marketing。

By optimizing website content and structure。

businesses canimprove their search engine rankings and drive more traffic to their site。

Social media ___ e-marketing。

网络营销外文文献及翻译网络营销外文文献及翻译1：引言1.1 研究背景及意义1.2 研究目的1.3 研究方法2：网络营销概述2.1 网络营销定义2.2 网络营销发展历程2.3 网络营销的优势和挑战3：网络营销策略3.1 定位与目标市场3.2 品牌建设3.3 销售渠道选择3.4 市场细分与定价策略3.5 推广与广告策略4：社交媒体营销4.1 社交媒体平台概述4.2 社交媒体营销策略4.3 社交媒体广告4.4 社交媒体营销案例分析5：搜索引擎优化(SEO)5.1 搜索引擎优化概述5.2 关键词优化5.3 网站架构优化5.4 内容优化5.5 外部优化6：内容营销6.1 内容营销概述6.2 内容策略与创作6.3 内容发布与推广6.4 内容营销案例分析7：电子邮件营销7.1 电子邮件营销概述7.2 邮件列表建立与管理7.3 邮件设计与撰写7.4 邮件营销分析与优化8：移动营销8.1 移动营销发展概述8.2 短信营销8.3 应用程序营销8.4 移动广告与跟踪分析9：数据分析与营销决策9.1 数据分析的重要性9.2 数据收集与整理9.3 数据分析工具与方法9.4 数据驱动的营销决策附件：1：《网络营销案例分析报告》 2：《社交媒体营销指南》3：《搜索引擎优化实战手册》4：《内容营销成功经验分享》5：《电子邮件营销最佳实践指南》6：《移动营销趋势报告》7：《营销数据分析工具比较》法律名词及注释：1：商标法：指保护商标权益的法律法规。

2：著作权法：指保护创作作品的法律法规。

3：消费者权益法：指保护消费者权益的法律法规。

网络营销中英文对照外文翻译文献
网络营销已经成为现代市场营销的重要方式之一，不仅受到广大企业的关注，也成为了许多学者研究的热点。

本文翻译了一篇网络营销的英文文献，并提供了中英文对照。

英文原文：
Title: How to Use Content Marketing to Boost Your Leads by Withholding Information
Author: Konstantinos Loupelis
内容：本文主要介绍了如何利用内容营销来扩大潜在客户群，网站会员和现实销售。

内容营销是什么？内容营销是指利用高质量内容对观众进行品牌营销，将观众吸引到公司网站，从而增加客户数量。

而作者提供的方法是不要把所有信息都公布，而是在某一时刻进行揭秘，从而吸引更多观众。

中文翻译：
标题：如何利用内容营销来引导潜在客户
作者：Konstantinos Loupelis
内容：内容营销是广告营销的变体，但是它利用高质量的内容
吸引观众，从而增加客户数量。

通过提供有助于观众的有价值的信息，该方法不仅可以增加网站流量和现实销售，还可以增加网站会
员数量。

这种方法的核心是不公开所有信息，而是设法以有创意的
方式逐渐透露信息，吸引观众关注品牌，从而促进营销目标的实现。

Putting Taobao's Size and Growth inPerspectiveEric Jackson,Forbes,2011(06)I’ve written recently about Taobao’s significant size and growth and how that potentially is going under-appreciate d by Yahoo!’s (YHOO) investors.I wanted to provide some more points of comparison between Taobao and the two Chinese Internet behemoths: Tencent and Baidu (BIDU).As I said before, I estimate that Taobao did RMB 5 billion in revenues in 2010. The majority of this revenues (80%) came from advertising vs. transaction revenue (although this will likely change greatly in the years to come).Tencent by comparison did RMB 19.6 billion last year. However, of this, only RMB 1.4 billion came from advertising. The rest of their revenues came from value-added services (e.g., games) they sold to their users.So, Taobao’s ad revenues are already 4x the size of Tencent — and keep in mind that Tencent had a CAGR of 51% for its ad revenues in the last 4 years.Starting in 2009, Taobao actually surpassed Sina (SINA) in terms of market share of Chinese online advertising. This lead has only increased. According to iResearch, Taobao had a 9.4% share of the Chinese online ad market as of Q3 in 2010. Sina’s share was 5.6%.Let’s compare Taobao to th e other king of the Chine se Internet: Baidu. Baidu did $1.22 billion in revenues in 2010 (or almost RMB 8 billion). So, Taobao is 62.5% the size of Baidu today. Applying this of percentage to Baidu’s market capitalization implies that Taobao on its own is worth $31.25 billion.Online ads matter. The total size of the Chinese Internet ad market in 2010 was RMB 36 billion. I estimate it will keep growing at 50% annualized rates and be an RMB 80 billion market by 2012. It’s not unreasonable to expect to see Taobao keep growing its share of this market to 14% by then. With that and RMB appreciation, Taobao could do nearly RMB 11 billion in ad revenue by 2012 (or $1.9 billion).But transactions will be the most exciting part of the Taobao growth in the years ahead. Most of their money from transactions with come from business-to-consumer (B2C) sales, rather than from consumers-to-consumers (C2C). I mentioned in my earlier article thatTaobao had launched their to much fanfare in November of last year. The take rates on Tmall are currently just under 4% for Taobao. They hope to grow this over time, along with GMV.In order to grow GMV, Taobao needs more merchants. There’s recent data to suggest that this is happening.At the beginning of March, Tmall listed 32,000 merchants selling their wares on Tmall.As of yesterday, the number of merchants listed on Taobao was over 36,000. This is 75% annualized growth in the number of merchants sellingstuff on Tmall. We don’t know exact details on average selling price or GMV as the company is still private, but the raw number in merchants is indicative of how quickly GMV appears to be growing at the company.Any way you calculate it, Taobao has massive ad revenue and transaction revenue possibilities ahead of them in the next 5 years. Their size and growth — when compared to Tencent and Baidu — are even more impressive. This size relative to these giants suggests a huge unappreciated value for Taobao.Ever since David Einhorn announced he was a believer in this hidden value story earlier this week in his letter to partners, the rest of the market is starting to come around to Taobao’s and Yahoo!’s hidden value.淘宝的规模和未来展望Eric Jackson,《福布斯》,2011(06)我最近写了关于淘宝的显著规模和增长以及可能会被低估了的雅虎( YHOO )的投资者。

网络营销外文文献及翻译目录：1.引言2．研究背景3.相关概念与定义4.研究目的与重要性5.文献综述5．１文献15.2 文献26.研究方法6.1 数据收集６.２数据分析７．研究结果与讨论7.1 结果１7.2 结果28.实施网络营销的建议8.1 建议18．2 建议29.结论１0.参考文献11．附件1．引言在当今信息时代,网络营销作为一种重要的营销工具，对企业的发展起着关键性的作用。

本篇文献旨在研究网络营销的相关理论与实践，并通过文献综述、研究方法、实施建议等章节来阐述对网络营销的认识和应用。

2.研究背景介绍网络营销的定义、范围和发展历程,概述相关理论的研究现状和实践应用情况。

了解网络营销的发展背景有助于更好地理解研究的重要性和必要性。

3.相关概念与定义详细解释与网络营销相关的概念,包括但不限于社交媒体营销、搜索引擎优化、电子邮件营销等。

为了确保读者对这些概念的准确理解,提供权威的定义和解释。

4.研究目的与重要性简要说明本文的研究目的和研究问题，并阐述网络营销在企业发展中的重要性。

说明研究的意义,为后续章节的展开提供背景和理论基础。

5.文献综述收集和综述相关领域的文献，包括公认的权威研究和实践案例。

通过对这些文献的综合分析，探讨网络营销的最新趋势、关键成功因素和挑战等方面的研究成果。

６.研究方法介绍本次研究所采用的研究方法,包括数据收集方法和数据分析方法。

清晰地描述研究的步骤和过程,确保研究的可靠性和可复制性。

7.研究结果与讨论展示研究得出的具体结果,并对这些结果进行详细的解读和分析。

通过与文献综述进行对比,发现研究结论与现有理论的相关性和差异性。

8．实施网络营销的建议根据研究结果提出实施网络营销的具体建议，包括策略、渠道选择、推广方式等方面的建议。

为企业在实际操作中提供指导和参考。

9.结论总结本次研究的主要发现和贡献，并对未来的研究方向提出建议。

强调网络营销对企业的重要性和影响,并总结研究对理论和实践的启示。

外文翻译原文Title: e-MARKETING STRATEGYMaterial Source:Irish Journal of Management Author:Lawton, T.C., MichaelsThis paper is aim to provide advice for Otto's management for emarketing strategy. First we make merits and limitations analysis based on the theory of emarketing, then we depict the different buyer behaviour on the internet, which could be the background and basis for our emarketing strategy. The company buyers are more professional and prudent than individual customers. Otto should center on its own website, which will provide the customers with the latest product and promotion. Then at the same time, Otto can put ads through search engines and many other websites, both traditional and modern medias. According to the B2B theory and Otto's present situation, we recommend two kinds of auction plan on Otto's own website to increase Otto's close cooperation to the company buyers with existing ones and new buyers by the band name promotion. Through the internet tendering, Otto can reduce its cost and gain price advantage.IntroductionAs a traditional company which pays more attention to the personal and direct selling, Otto is in the 21th century which the emarketing is vital and necessary to every company wants to survive and development. Otto's management has realized the importance of emarketing, this report is to bring some ideas on the emarketing strategy for the old and prosperous Otto to embracing the new Internet age.I Theory of Emarketing1.1 Background and OriginIt was reported that customers spend £1 billion a month online, online sales are 6% of all UK retail sales,which make it easy to understand why the emarketing is so important. Withe emarketing companies can use digital technologies to help sell goods or services. Today you can get ad from email, sometimes it is a virus; read RSS news, order your toothpaste and bed from Ebay,and the latest movie on your cellphone. The ad is everywhere, right now Internet is becoming one of the most multi-faceted communication tools that marketers have at theirdisposal. The Internet is immediate to get, dynamic to change, and globally accessible. In its current U.S.-based forecast, Jupiter Research made a report that email marketing spending will grow to $1.1 billion by 2010. There is no doubt that the Internet is a critical component of marketing and sales strategies for organizations large and small.1.2 Merits and Limitations1.2.1 MeritsEmarketing will bring many advantages to the company. By providing up-to-date and segmented and specific information to your customers such change of your company contact information, promotion of newest product in art form preferences, where your main distribution center etc. Customers can log website to get the information they usually can get through the phone or going to the site, now they have an more reliable source to rely on.Emarketing can increase your brand name, company membership or attendances on your website.It can also reduce your costs in terms of spending on site staff. More importantly it can raise the profile and brand name of your organization locally, nationally and internationally, enabling your company to reach more potential customers previously beyond your usual reach,with the help emarketing, your company will become an transnational company.1.2.2 LimitationsThere are some limitations when using emarketing. First, the usual email may get your customers irritated and send a confused rge e-mails will block up your customer's mailboxes and make them angry about you.if your 1emails are content of events or services which don’t interest them could lead them to sign off your service or ignore your e-mails and even take you into you blacklist. If your email deliver a confused and ineffective message to your potential customers, they may just ignore you. And you're wasting your time and resources if you can't know whether your email is succeeding sending or what the customer's reactions to your mail.Secondly emarketing has a high requirement for your customers. Internet marketing requires customers to use newer technologies such as computer and latest mobile phone, rather than traditional media. If companies build large or complicated websites, individuals connected to the Internet with mobile devices or with low speed will experience significant delays in content delivery, which may lead the customer to abandon your website next time.Thirdly, we see it from the buyer's perspective. If you're the customer, you can not touch, smell, see, taste or try on tangible goods before making an online purchase, this will very unsatisfied for some customers even for someone who has done the online buying sometimes, they still have some doubt for some goods they encounter for the first time in the Internet. However, but if the company can make its own guarantee or the there is an industry standard fore-commerce buyers to reassure customers by having liberal return policies as well as providing in-store pick-up services if necessary and within legal boundary.II B2BB2B(Business-to-business) is using websites and all other web services to make commerce transactions between different businesses, for example the B2B can be between a manufacturer and a wholesaler. Many professional institutions and the trade publications focus much more on B2C than B2B, although most sales and marketing personnel is in the B2B sector. As the B2C model, the B2B will allow all business companies to make comparison between products and services and shop online, B2B is help the user to find the most appropriate product with the reasonable price. The part of B2B e-commerce expected to grow the fastest is electronic marketplaces, that is the e-marketplaces, is growing the fastest. The e-marketplace use large quantity of information from sellers and buyers, then bring multiple partners together online.2.1 B2B Buyer BehaviourDifferent with individual customers who pay more attention to the brand and fame, the company buyers are professionals who take many aspects into consideration, first they need more time to make the buying decision, since the quantity and cost are relatively large and essential influential to the company's production and selling revenue. Second, the buyer will do research and analysis before the final decision, they may turn to the technical source to try to better understand the company's advantage and disadvantage. Third, facing a forever changing environment, the buyers will make research based on the data of past production, then change the company's buying option, such as the supplier. Fourth, if the there are other companies are selling the same or similar products in the market, the buyers will consistently notice the act of its rivals, and make quick response and counter measures to make sure its own market share.3.1 Centered on Otto's Own websiteGetting a domain names, which will cost not very much a year, and make sure this name is persistent, and never change, because if you change, your customer may lose faith on you. We recommend , And make sure you register the similar name at the same time to avoid the future property dispute. Then Otto can promoting the website offline. Right now Otto can ad your website in as many ways as you can, you can print it on your cookies package, on staff suit, on the newspaper,pamphlet, and TV.As for Otto's has more than 60 kinds of cookies, it's not necessary to put all the cookies on the Internet at first.it we want the potential customers to be attracted at first sight, picture presentation is vital, and the website must be easy to use, if the customer wants to put in one kind of cookie in or out of the cargo, it should be easy; and we may do some test by company's own employee, or some customers and staff family. In order to stimulate their interest, we mayprovide some popular products and reward for their participation. Online credibility must be paid attention to. Otto should position staff for the Internet managing, to update the newest one, and check regularly and answer customer's request in time.The global web presence is also very important. If Otto wants to sell the cookies into other parts of the world. For many years, Otto choose the English people as its main customers, its products are fit for local people. In future, Otto is definitely wants to export its products so it must research its target market and customers before selling. So right now, at the very beginning,we still target English people as before.As Otto wants to be closely connected with its main suppliers and company customers, it is vital for customers can get links to all Otto's partners, and make sure that customers can link to Otto when they surf on website of Otto's partners. This will help both Otto and its partners to get their brand name known, and at the same time, this will increase the further consolidation of all the related companies.3.2 Promoting on Search Engines and Put AdsWith the uncountable in the information sea which is never stop to grow, the search engine is very necessary for the buyers to get what they need. Otto can make ads on search engines on Google and Yahoo and so on. If Otto wants to attract the potential company buyers, it need online lead generation, which is creating potential customer's inquiry into the company's products. Company buyers may be interested on the latest booklet on delicious cookies in the world and you can get a free try, then the customer get linked to Otto's website. The visitor are requested to register as our member and leave their email address and company location, so Otto can send electrical brochures through mail and direct free cookies to their site.There are many other websites and media Otto can take consideration to carry ads: the community websites which many local people will share their experience on buying and selling, the official blogs, virtual world sites since many people are playing computer games in their spare time, and other traditional media like TV, radio, magazines and newspapers. With all these options, Otto has to consider the emarketing budget to choose at least one traditional and one Internet method to put ads.3.3 Online AuctionsThe online auction is a business model is all participants will offer price for products and services on the Internet. Unlike the traditional auction which is held on a location, the online auction can make deal of buying and selling through auction software system which will measure all the prices at a relatively short time. The English auction and Dutch auction are two different ways for different kinds of products. English auction sets the initial price low and waiting for the highest price by the bidders. While with a Dutch auction, the product starts at itshighest price, the holder will give a lower price until some bidder accept, which is used when flower and fresh sea food are to be sold. And at present almost all online auctions are applying the English auction method, the most famous online auction is eBay, it has endless amounts the customers want. As the premier online reselling platform, eBay is often used as a price-basis for specialized items. Buyers and sellers often look at prices on the website before going to flea markets; the price shown on eBay often becomes the item's selling price. It is increasingly common for flea market vendors to place a targeted advertisement on the Internet for each item they are selling online, all while running their business out of their homes.This paper prepares two plans for Otto, first, promote company buyers by auction to the individual customers. First we hold online auctions on our website with assistance of auction software, every customer can bid on 100 pieces of cookies for one year, the cost will be at most 50% of the normal price on the market. You can choose any cookie at any price at any time. Otto may offer 1000 chances. And all the winners can get the cookies in markets which we will give a list at our website. At the same time, we will advertise this promotion through all medias, then the company buyers want to be in our list and get our cookies if they want the winners and all other potential customers to be known.The second plan is particularly for company buyers, we will introduce a new product which are made of special materials and crafts, through all the promotion we make sure that all customers are very curious about the product. Then we start an auction to the company buyers on our website, the highest bidder will get the chance to have the newest cookie in their store for one week. In order to attract the customers and company buyers we will provide the first 100 customers free cookies every day with a limited quantity.3.4 Reducing Cost by TenderingOtto is the supplier for the super markets, retailer stores and other buyers, but Otto can be a buyer when it is considering about the butter, eggs and machines which will be used in the production. Otto tries to undercut its cost, so the company can use internet to reduce it. Otto wants to make strategy arrangement for the suppliers structure, with considering the long time cooperation. If Otto got more than twenty bidders, under the condition that all the company are with the same quality which we require in the tender, Then, Otto normally and usually will select the lowest bidder. If we find out the lowest bidder is incompetent to provide the product we required, we will go to the bidder which had the next best price. Then we can make a three to five year contract with this best company and make sure that our product is of good quality and reasonable price, then we may have more advantage when competing with rivals.3.5 Notice on EmarketingFirst in my opinion having an website set is not meaning you have complete yourjob.Emarketing is not just having a Web site and wait for your customers to "find out" in the website ocean. And Web marketing is not conducted in a vacuum. We can put it In other words, put that website and tie the Web effort to your other marketing efforts. Your uniforms, products, company cars and so on. For example if you're going to have bike relay this Sunday on the main street or in the central park, make sure all your player have uniform with your URL printed on it and on all the colorful flags.Second understand your goal of the website. The purpose of your website is to help market your workshop, your services and products,your band fame, so i think there are two things on the top list. Targeting the relevant audience directly and talk to customers to find out what their opinion, communicate with them in person, through mail or phone.Last but not least, make necessary budget for marketing and getting your support from the senior management. Emarketing is something that requires time and hard work every day. And remember budget for marketing is not just money, but time. Not just work on the Web, but all forms of marketing under the line.As for American president Obama, his campaign’s strategic use of the Internet played an important role in winning the election, and particularly online tools such as Facebook to connect with his supporters, we can see the power of online tools, which is consisted of using as many as social networks and muti-media can make your company really different in the future business.IV ConclusionsIf a traditional company like Otto wants to develop in the future, it must adjust itself with the time. With the budget approved by the senior management, Otto should move right now with our suggestions in this paper. Make all necessary preparations and with money and resources to run the website, and make promotions both on line and offline, take integrated B2B strategies combing the traditional and modern medias, especially its own website. As for Otto, it is successful with its traditional selling with the personal selling and distribution centers, but with the emarketing strategy through the internet, Otto can attract new company buyers and maintain good relationship with existing ones, while reduce cost with its cost through the online auction and tendering. Otto will be more competitive in national and international cookies industry.译文标题：现代市场营销分析资料来源: 供应链管理评论作者：克莱曼本研究主要目的就是为目前的新型网络营销战略提供更多的战略帮助，首先奥多分析了网络营销的优点和局限，然后奥多描述在互联网的不同买家的行为模式，这些模式分析可以为奥多的战略提供翔实的背景和依据。

网络营销策略外文翻译文献(文档含英文原文和中文翻译)原文：The technical basis of network marketingNetwork marketing is based on the technology infrastructure of computer network technology, as represented by information technology. Computer networks of modern communications technology and computer technology to the product of combining it in different geographic regions and specialized computer equipment for external interconnection lines of communication into a large, powerful networks, thus enabling a large number of computers can easily transmit information to each other, share hardware, software, data and other resources. And network marketing is closely related to the computer network there are three types: the Internet, Extranet and Intranet.[Edit] the theoretical basis for the network marketingTheoretical foundation of network marketing is direct marketing network theory, network theory of relationship marketing, marketing theory and network software to integrate marketing theory.(A) Direct Response Network Marketing TheoryInternet marketing as an effective direct marketing strategy, network marketing that can be tested and measurable and can be evaluated and controlled. Therefore, the characteristics of the use of network marketing, you can greatly improve the efficiency of marketing and marketing decision-making effectiveness of the implementation.Direct marketing theory is the 20th century, one of the 80's the concept of eye-catching. Direct Marketing Association of the United States for its definition is: "a place to produce any measurable response and (or) use the Stock Exchange reached one or more advertising media marketing system interaction." Directly Marketing the key to the theory that network marketing is that it can be tested, measurable, can be evaluated, which a fundamental solution to evaluate the effect of the traditional difficulties in marketing and marketing for more scientific decision-making possible.(B) the network theory of relationship marketingRelationship Marketing is a great importance since 1990 by the marketing theory, which mainly includes two basic points: First of all, in the macro level will be recognized that the scope of marketing a wide range of areas, including customer market, the labor market, the supply market , the internal market, the market stakeholders, as well as the affected market (government, financial markets); at the micro level, recognizing that the relationship between business and customers are constantly changing, the core of marketing should be a simple one-time past transactions to a focus on maintaining relations up long-term relationships. Socio-economic system, enterprises are a major subsystem, corporate marketing objectives by many external factors to the impact of marketing activities of enterprises is a consumers, competitors, suppliers, distributors, government agencies and social organizations the process of interaction, the correct understanding of the relationship between the individual and the organization is the core of marketing is also key tobusiness success or failure.The core of relationship marketing is to keep customers, to provide customers with a high degree of satisfaction with the value of products and services, by strengthening the links with customers to provide effective customer service, to maintain long-term relationship with customers. And long-term customer relations based on the marketing activities to achieve the marketing objectives of companies. The implementation of relationship marketing is not to damage the cost of business interests, according to research, for marketing a new customer costs five times the cost of the old customers, so to strengthen relations with customers and build customer loyalty can bring long-term enterprise interests, it is to promote a win-win strategy for businesses and customers. The Internet as an effective two-way channels of communication between businesses and customers can achieve low-cost communication and exchange costs, which companies build long-term relationships with customers to provide effective protection. This is because, first of all, enterprises can use the Internet to receive customer orders directly, customers can make their own personalized needs. Enterprises in accordance with customer demand for personalized use of flexible production technology to meet the customer needs to maximize customers in the consumer products and services to create more value. Enterprise customers can also understand the market demand, market segments and target markets, minimize marketing costs and increase the reaction rate on the market. Secondly, the use of the Internet companies to provide customers with better services and keep in touch with customers. Internet time and space constraints are not the characteristics of the convenience of our customers to maximize communication with the enterprise, customers can make use of the Internet in the shortest possible time in an easy way to access business services. At the same time, trading via the Internet to the entire enterprise can be achieved from the product quality, quality of service, such as transaction services to the entire process of quality control.On the other hand, enterprises can also be via the Internet with business-related companies and organizations build relationships and achieve win-win development. Internet as a channel of communication between the cheapest, it can help lower costsin the supply of business-to-business yet, distributors such as the establishment of collaborative partnerships. Cases such as in front of the computer company Lenovo, through the establishment of e-business systems and management information systems with the distributors of information sharing, reduce inventory costs and transaction costs, and close cooperation between the two sides. Relating to the application of network theory will be the strategy behind the marketing services network in detail.(C) The network of soft marketing theoryMarketing theory is soft against the industrial economy to the era of mass production for the main features of the "strong sales" of the new theory, the theory suggests that when customers buy products not only meet the basic physiological needs, but also to meet the mental and psychological level demand. Therefore, the soft marketing is one of the main characteristics of the follow netiquette, etiquette on the network through the use of clever marketing to obtain desired results. It emphasizes the marketing activities of enterprises at the same time the need to respect the feelings of consumers and the body read, so that consumers will be able to comfortably take the initiative to receive the marketing activities of enterprises. Traditional marketing activities can best embody the characteristics of a strong marketing promotions are two: the traditional advertising and marketing staff. In traditional advertising, consumers are often forced to passive reception of advertising messages, "bombing", and its goal is to impart information through continuous means the hearts of consumers impressed, as to whether the consumer was not willing to accept the need for need not be taken into account; marketing personnel, the marketing staff does not consider the object is willing to sell and needs, but according to the marketing staff to determine their own marketing activities carried out forcibly.On the Internet, because information exchange is a free, equal, open and interactive, to stress that mutual respect and communication, on-line users pay more attention to the protection and privacy of personal experience. Therefore, using the traditional means of marketing a strong start in the Internet marketing activities are bound to backfire, such as the American company AOL has forced their users to sendE-mail advertising, the results lead to the unanimous opposition of users, many users agreed to AOL at the same time the company server E-mail to retaliate, with the result that AOL's E-mail mail server in a paralyzed state, and finally had to apologize to quell public indignation. Network marketing is just soft from the consumer's experience and needs and take pull-type strategy to attract consumers concerned about the marketing effectiveness of enterprises to achieve. Network on the Internet to carry out marketing activities, in particular promotional activities must follow certain rules of network formation of virtual communities, some also known as "netiquette (Netiquette)". Network marketing is soft netiquette rules to follow based on the clever use of marketing to achieve a subtle effect. Marketing theory on network application software in the network marketing sales strategy specific details.(D) Network Integrated MarketingIn the current post-industrial society, the tertiary industry in the development of the service sector is the major economic growth point, the traditional manufacturing-based to being service-oriented development, new service industries such as finance, communications, transportation and other industries the sun at high noon. Post-industrial society requires the development of enterprises must be based on service-oriented, it is necessary to customers as the center, to provide customers with timely and appropriate manner, as appropriate services, the maximum extent possible to meet customer demand. Internet time and space as a cross-transmission of "superconductive" media, can provide timely customer service is located at the same time interactivity of the Internet can understand customer needs and provide targeted response, so the Internet era can be said to be the most consumers an attractive marketing tool.Network of integrated marketing theory include the following key points:Network marketing requires, first of all the consumers into the entire marketing process to the needs of their entire marketing process from the beginning.Network marketing distribution system for the enterprise as well as stakeholders to be more closely together.Corporate interests and the interests of customers to integrate together.Internet on the role of marketing, you can through the 4Ps (product / service, pricing, distribution, promotion) play an important role in binding. The use of the Internet traditional 4Ps marketing mix can be better with the customer as the center of the 4Cs (customer, cost, convenience, communication) to combine.1. Products and services to customers as the centerAs the Internet has a very good interaction and guiding the user through the Internet under the guidance of the enterprise to choose the product or service or specific requirements of enterprise customers to choose based on the timely production and requirements and provide timely service, making Customer inter-temporal and spatial requirements are met by the products and services; On the other hand, enterprises can also keep abreast of customer needs and customer requirements in accordance with the timely production and marketing organizations to provide the production efficiency and marketing effectiveness. Such as the United States PC sales company Dell Inc., or a loss in 1995, but in 1996, their sales via the Internet to computers, the performance of 100 percent growth, due to customers via the Internet, you can design in the company's home page to choose and combination of computers, the company's production department immediately upon request, production, and sent through the postal service company, so companies can achieve zero inventory production, especially in the sharp decline in prices of computer components of the era, inventory will not only reduce the inventory costs can be avoided also because of losses brought about by high-priced stock.2. Customer acceptable cost pricingThe cost of traditional production-based pricing in the market-oriented marketing is to be discarded. The price of new customers should be based on acceptable cost pricing, and based on the cost to organize the production and marketing. Customer-centric enterprise pricing, customers must be the determination of market demand and the price accepted standards, otherwise the cost to the customer to accept the pricing is a castle in the air. Business on the Internet can be very easy to implement, the customer can be made via the Internet acceptable cost, the cost of business in accordance with customers to provide flexible product design andproduction program for the user to choose until after the customer agrees to confirm the production and marketing organizations, all All these are clients of the server program in the company under the guidance and does not require specialized services and, therefore, extremely low cost. At present, the United States, General Motors Corp. to allow customers on the Internet through the company's own guidance system of the design and assembly of motor vehicles to meet their needs, users first determine the criteria for acceptable price, and then according to the price limit system to meet the requirements of style show vehicle, the user can also be used for appropriate changes, the company producing the final product just to meet the customer requirements of price and performance.3. Products to facilitate the distribution of customer-orientedNetwork marketing is one-to-one distribution channels, cross-selling of space-time, customers can order anytime, anywhere using the Internet and purchase products. Iron and steel manufacturers in France still a Luolin Zinox for example, the company was founded in 8 years ago, because of the introduction of e-mail and the world order system, so that processing time from 15 days to 24 hours. At present, the company is using the Internet to provide better than the opponent and more efficient services. The company's internal network and vehicle manufacturers to establish contact so that they could demand the other party promptly after the production of steel to each other online.4. Repressively turn promotions to strengthen communication and contacts with customersIs the promotion of traditional enterprises, through certain media or tools of oppression customers to strengthen the company's customers and product acceptance and loyalty, customers are passive and accept the lack of communication with customers and contacts at the same time The high cost of the company's sales. Internet marketing is a one-on-one and interactive, and customers can participate in the company's marketing activities in the past, so the Internet can strengthen communication with customers and contacts and a better understanding of customer needs, attracted more customers agree . The U.S. company Yahoo's new star (Yahoo!)Company to develop a network in Internet information retrieval tools for classification, as the products are highly interactive, the user can think it is important for their classification information to Yahoo Yahoo The company immediately joined the classification of information products for the use of other users, so no need for advertising their products on well known, and in a short span of two years the company's stock market value of billions of dollars, an increase of as much as several hundred times.The main method of Internet MarketingCommonly used methods of network marketing system(1)Search Engine Marketing(2)Email marketing permission(3)Online Advertising(4)Web resource cooperation(5)Viral marketing(6)A membership-based network marketingCommon method for classification of network marketing:Web-based network marketing businessTo carry out Internet marketing does not necessarily have to have their own web site, in the absence of site conditions, enterprises in the network to carry out effective marketing. Free web site marketing mainly depends on the network marketing and e-mail marketing virtual community.Web-based network marketing is the subject of network marketing, it's main problem is the web site planning, construction, maintenance people, as well as with other marketing to promote the integration of methods. If the type of e-commerce website, web-based network marketing will be involved in product, price, and other traditional marketing channels and marketing a range of issues to consider.译文：网络营销的技术依据网络营销是基于技术基础设施的计算机网络营销。

经典网络营销外文文献翻译汇编目录（一）原文Marketing Customer SatisfactionSince the 20th century, since the late eighties, the customer satisfaction strategy is increasingly becoming business has more customers share the overall business competitive advantage means.First, customer satisfaction strategy is to get a modern enterprise customers, "money votes" magic weaponWith the changing times, the great abundance of material wealth of society, customers in the main --- consumer demand across the material has a lack of time, the number of times the pursuit, the pursuit of quality time to the eighties of the 20th century entered the era of the end consumer sentiment. In China, with rapid economic development, we have rapidly beyond the physical absence of the times, the pursuit of the number of times and even the pursuit of quality and age of emotions today gradually into the consumer era. Spending time in the emotion, the company's similar products have already reached the same time, homogeneous, with the energy, the same price, consumers are no longer pursue the quality, functionality and price, but the comfort, convenience, safety, comfort, speed, jump action, environmental protection, clean, happy, fun, etc., consumers are increasingly concerned about the product whether for their own life energy, enrich, comfort, beauty and spiritual quality, and exceed consumer expectations in the pre-sale, sale, after-sales service and advice. In other words, people today are looking for is a "psychological satisfaction and a sense of fulfillment," the commodity, high value added goods and services, the pursuit of values and sense of diversity, individuality, and the intangible satisfaction of the time has come .And consumers adapt to changes in the value of the pursuit of competition between enterprises, but also from product competition, price competition, technological competition, advertising competition, brand image development of competition to the current competition, credit competition, cultural competition and service competition, competition that customer satisfaction . This competition is the enterprise wide angle, wide-field space-time within the context of high-level, reflect the overall strength of the competition. It includes organizational innovation, technological innovation, management innovation, industry foresight, R & D force, employee engagement, customer service ability, customer affinity, peer recognition ability, community contributions to force, public relations and dissemination of communication skills, corporate culture drive, environmental adaptation, and so forth. These integrated image of the force and the synthesis of integrated sustainable competitiveness, which is CS strategy to solve the problem. CS times, companies no longer "own the center," but to "customer-centric"; "customer", "customer satisfaction" is no longer a mere formality of the slogan, but real action to basis of a new business philosophy of. Enterprises no longer quality standards, their satisfaction with the management idea, but in customer satisfaction, gain customer loyalty for the business philosophy of high. The focus is no longer business strategy to gain or maintain market share, mainly, but as for customer satisfaction for the business philosophy. Therefore, the marketing strategy of competitors who focus not on but on clients, on the customers actual and potential needs. When the company provides products and services to the customer's prior expectations, customers will be basically satisfied; if far exceed customer expectations, and far higher than other colleagues, customers really satisfied; if companies can continuously or for a long time the customers satisfaction, customer loyalty will be. Loyal customers will not only regularly repeat purchase, but also other related businesses to purchase products or services; loyal customers will not only actively recommend to others to buy his products, and promotional activities of competitors on the enterprise has the immunity of a dissatisfied dissatisfied customers will tell 16-20 individuals, and each one was told who will then spread to 12-15 individuals. Thus, a dissatisfiedperson will affect two or three hundred people. Today in the popularity of the Internet, its impact is even greater. According to the U.S. auto industry survey, a satisfaction will unleash the potential of business 8 document, which will be at least a transaction. Another survey showed that every increase of 5% of enterprise customer loyalty, and profits will grow 25% -95%. 80% of a company 20% of the profits from loyal customers; while the cost of obtaining a new customer is to maintain a 6 times the cost of old customers. Therefore, the American scholar Tangpeiposi that: the decision whether or not the key to the success of an enterprise is not market share, but rather customer share.As a result, enterprises have been through an extensive and detailed market research, direct contact with consumers, customer feedback, etc. to understand the reality in all aspects of customer needs and potential needs. Rely on the loyalty business sales satisfaction, service personnel, regular, comprehensive quantitative determination of customer satisfaction in order to accurately grasp the business with "customer satisfaction" the gap between objectives and priority areas, to further improve the business activities . Rely on the corporate culture of high affinity, highly efficient management and full human to make joint efforts to provide customers with high value-added products, high levels of family-like service to win customers changing and upgrading satisfaction, win more share many customers.Such as Haier always put customer needs first, stand in the customer point of view of product development, design, personalized, humanized useful products, from the pull-screen TVs to the latest release of "Taiwan does not blink of an eye for color TV", small hand rub a small child prodigy washing machine washing machines, small refrigerators Prince to "wisdom eye" inverter air conditioner, the system 17 hours from a "Mike freezer" to after-sale-stop star service to meet customer needs and both are provided to the satisfaction The value of products and services. Another example is Microsoft's products are focused on each of the world's most talented developers to introduce even better than the products customers want, while the formation of global sales of economy of scale, the lowest price. This is Microsoft's secret of success in 20 years.In summary, emotional consumer era, decided what kind of products and production management services to provide what the powers are not part of a business, it is consumers, measuring the value of enterprise efficiency and the existence of the decision shifts to the hands of customers, the enterprise should cater to the customer, value to satisfy customers in order to get as much as possible from the customer "money votes." The CS strategy is the magic weapon for winning such a vote.Second, customer satisfaction, the main steps in marketing strategyFirst, to establish the level of corporate culture customer-centric, customer interests first, and customer satisfaction as the goal of philosophy.CS theory in the customer refers to internal staff and external customers (including distributors, wholesalers, agents, the final consumer and raw material suppliers, partners, etc.), customer satisfaction, including staff and external customer satisfaction, customer loyalty is also However. Mechanism for business success is customer satisfaction with loyalty, employee satisfaction and customer loyalty are key personnel. Employees of the company's satisfaction and loyalty are products and services for enterprise customers satisfaction and loyalty based on customer satisfaction and loyalty are the inevitable result of employee behavior. No employee satisfaction and loyalty, it is impossible to create satisfied customers to provide value products and services, the customer naturally dissatisfied and disloyal, away from the enterprise. When the employee satisfaction and loyalty with customers when the contact will be with great enthusiasm into their intellectual capital, creative customer service, and to timely detection of trends in customer demand, timely product and service value-added, firmly grasp live in the hearts of customers, to his satisfaction.FedEx found that when internal staff satisfaction rate to 85%, their customer satisfaction rate of 95%, and also very optimistic about corporate profits. Here determines the attitude of all employees.Therefore, companies must be customer satisfaction of business philosophy permeates the minds of staff, reflected in the management of employee loyalty to their R & D products, manufacture products, provide marketing services to satisfied customers. If nine birds, "the education of all employees receive customer-centric is the highest business principles. Customers are benefactor, a friend, a teacher, a customer gave us the opportunity to work, the value of work, fun and work significance of the work. We should sincerely thank from the heart to customers satisfaction is our aim, to create the most value for the customers of products and services is our highest goal. Under the guidance of this principle, would rather lose yourself can not lose customers has become a "nine bird" code of conduct for employees. so that customers are in the "9 First bird "consumption is a pleasure, is such a great pleasure. Customers to pay costs on an expected value their consumption, and consumers end up spending at its heart will have a standard evaluation to measure, if the value for money, he will come back later, such as value for money, he probably will come again; Otherwise, consumers will not come back. Therefore, "9 Bird" is to provide consumers value for money products and services. there is such a business philosophy of customer satisfaction under the guidance of marketing, "nine bird" fire in the capital is not difficult to understand.Second, customers participate in product design and development.Customer-centric company, through market segmentation, target a wide range of research to understand the public's needs and values, standing customer point of view of product development, design, personalized, personalized value-added products and services, is correct , but must allow users to join product design. Use of the Internet and CAD technology with customers to establish effective communication and information exchange, needs to grasp the customer information and customer value, to encourage a variety of information sources on the customer information database for timely updates. After analysis, the conclusion about the nature of customer needs, and to the enterprise customer demand information nature of various departments to share resources. This design products, provide customer satisfaction services. Now, many companies use a service called: "Product Configurator" system to help users with the participation of product design. That is stored in the computer where the latest information for all product modules, and replaced at any time, marketing personnel in the sales site on the Internet, according to user needs or user configuration with out it needs to meet their value products. Shanghai GM produces cars that operators and users are very satisfied, because users join the product design. Haier Whether it is for farmers in Sichuan production of washing machines to wash sweet potatoes, users in Shanghai production of "The Little Prince fridge", or change channels without dazzling color TV, Haier's "wisdom eye" inverter air conditioner, star-stop after-sales service, etc. are based on the needs of users, customers participate in product design incorporates the recommendations of the design and development of customer satisfaction in the rich humanity of the value of goods and services, naturally, won more hearts and minds of customers.Third, to provide a full service customer satisfaction and personalized service.Full service is for customers shopping and consumption carried out by every aspect of the services detailed and deep, the heart of the service. Full service is the consumer desire for consumption from the moment of production value of goods run out of play until the whole process, with care to consumers, so consumers are closely linked with their brands so that consumers enjoy the culture, enjoy the service experience concept was to benefit consumers willingly your products or services, consumers at every level are fully satisfied, and to win customer loyalty. Sales stage --- to ensure that customers receive timely and quality services to, participation in training pre-consultation,transfer knowledge and information, create shopping needs, so customers rational choice, practical help customers buy their own niche products; sale support the provision of convenient to maximize play product features, customers appreciate the warmth and value; feedback re-sale value-added services, allowing customers to feel the warmth and truth. If a woman bought a Haier air conditioning, home run pulled the driver on his way to be black heart, and Haier was informed immediately after the woman free to send a new Haier air conditioning, and decided after the delivery place. Inner Mongolia, the home of a user due to fire, will burn just bought the Haier refrigerators, Haier access services from the computer after power found in the user details of the network address, sent by the car arrived in 4 days to fix their refrigerator. This value must win the customer service satisfaction over expectations.In today's era of emotional consumption, the pursuit of "Heart of satisfaction and a sense of fulfillment" of goods, is highly personalized value-added value goods, the pursuit of values and awareness of diversity, individuality, and intangible satisfaction. Therefore, enterprises will no longer put attention to all the general needs of different consumers, we should pursue different personality for consumers, tailor, design and development of enterprise products and services to meet the individual and the diversity of today's consumer trends. Propensity to consume the face of increasingly complex, enterprises must manage customer demand for personalized marketing, the key lies in establishing a customer database and customer information feedback system for customer relationship management, continued to collect understanding of consumer needs and preferences change, and new expectations of the business to better provide customers with personalized service.Fourth, foster customer loyalty.In the restaurant industry, customer satisfaction in the brand switching, the proportion is as high as 60% to 80%. This indicates that satisfied customers become loyal customers do not necessarily. 80% of the profits of an enterprise from 20% of customer loyalty, marketing, customer Aracature Corp.'s President, Larry Light said in Advertising Age magazine, from the loyal customers who return a non-loyal customers are 9 times. Wal-Mart has been able to continue to grow as 500 Boss, simply because it is the management capacity to attract customer loyalty.Customer loyalty is perceived from the customer, delivered through the two-way communication between the value and the relationship is hard to provide value through business products or services obtained. For customer loyalty, companies must have top management commitment and unremitting financial support to enterprises to define customer loyalty, understand customer needs is what formed what are the reasons they leave, who bought the product, Why? awareness and create customer loyalty incentives. Cultivate customer loyalty marketing in two ways:First, we should properly solve customer complaints. As long as the proper handling of customer complaints, the 82% of the customers will buy products again. Proper handling of customer complaints, the requirement to establish a good business humanized "complained management" system. First, establish a "customer complained, is the best gift for business, enterprise management to improve good" concept; Second, enterprises must establish effective policies and institutions dealing with grievances and staff training, proper treatment of customers complained, standing customer approach to customer complained of the problem; third, dealing with customer departments to rotate so that each business unit is able to understand customer satisfaction, and obtain experience in handling customer complain; Fourth, the establishment of all customers complained that the database for timely treatment and prevent public relations crisis.Second, build up customer loyalty database. Tracked only through the analysis of the database in order to know exactly what enterprise customers have a share of increase in number, how long a certain share. Customer loyalty is the core of the database relational database, which consists of a series of records of marketing programs composed of different aspects of sub-libraries. Loyalcustomer database, you can offer premium services for staff in a timely manner the information required; to collect all the relevant details with customers to create the conditions; strengthen ties with customers quickly; for the development of new products and create the conditions for the provision of new services; and customers long-term interactive two-way communication to provide potential demand, and may have thought it meet their expectations of non-think of the value of the products or services.译文顾客满意策略与顾客满意营销自从20世纪八十年代末以来,顾客满意战略已经成为各企业占有更多的顾客份额,获得竞争优势的整体经营手段。

外文翻译：韩都衣舍网络营销策略研究外文翻译：韩都衣舍网络营销策略研究Popular Misunderstandings and ImprovementStrategies for Network MarketingAbstract. with the development of information technology, network marketing is active in the business of enterprises. However some enterprises have failed to grasp the network marketing because of the network marketing misunderstandings. This paper listed five misunderstandings of network marketing and gave the brief description of the causes. At the same time, it also put forward five improvement strategies to help some SMES (Small and medium-sized enterprises) out of the failure of network marketing.Keywords: network marketing, SMES, misunderstandings, improvements.1 IntroductionBy the end of 2000, the volume of global e-commerce transaction reached nearly 200 billion dollars, especially in the Europe; E-commerce permeated each industry field. E-commerce has fundamentally changed the internal operations, external cooperation and exchange mechanism. According to an e-commerce investigation report, the "The Economist" magazine once pointed that the e-commerce of United States is developing rapidly, the volume of e-commerce has reached 20 billion dollars, by 2004, the figure could rise to 184billion dollars and by 2010, online tch departs from the traditional theoretical foundation and makes the network marketing becomethe meretricious "face project”, so in order totruly understand the network marketing, enterprises still need to B2B (Back to Basic) [3]. PhilipKotler once said that marketing is a social process, through which the individuals and organizations can get what they need by production, supply and exchanging goods and services with others [4]. And network marketing makes use of the Internet toolsand resources to promote the agreement of trade,and then obtains the materials they need. And with the improvement of the application of network marketing, its characteristic of low-cost, high-efficient and wide-cover is becoming more and more obviously, attracting numerous enterprises. However, due to the concept limitations, some of the people make mistakes in the awareness of network marketing and the actual operation, which is commonly knownas "network marketing popular misunderstandings."3.1 The First Misunderstanding: The Enterprise Taking Action Quickly Will Surpass the One Doing SlowlyBusinessmen always emphasize a word —"fast”,which refers to seize the market before others.This is just a good marketing policy, but some Internet companies have been inspired by this and then put forward a new idea that the survival ofthe fastest. Unfortunately, this view has not withstood the test in historical changes. In fact,in the virtual market, the first-mover, of course, have the advantages of competition, but the efforts of the latecomer also can not be ignored. [3] As the first Chinese Internet services provider, the company of Yinweihai was hailed as the leader of the Chinese ISP industry, however, the ambitions of the company had been broken years because of its narrow profit model, immature marketing idea and imperfect management system and then the company became the fragments in Chinese Internet history. At the same time, neither did people notice that in Shenzhen, a chat software marked by a small penguin (OICQ later renamed QQ) was quietly spreading until it ranked the first of the casual chat software, swept China. As a result [4], the pre-emptive of the traditional meaning is not an absolute criterion. In the final analysis, whether the quick ones will surpass the slow ones or the quick ones surpass the quick ones, depends on the specific problems.3.2 The Second Misunderstanding: Network Marketing Will Take into Effect ImmediatelyThe view that network marketing can get instant results comes from some SMES, they focus their attention on the sales and ignore the influence of brands, especially in the recession period. In the survival period, this view is understandable, but once enterprises enter into the development period, brand construction becomes particularly important, because network marketing is the cost-effective way of brand construction.[6] Brand, what we commonly known as "recognition" is a kind of intangibleassets, so the brand construction is the promotion and maintenance of intangible assets. Compared with the most of the tangible assets, the constructionof intangible assets can not help consuming more time and efforts. Only being based on integrity and regarding product quality and product features as the core, can enterprises foster consumers’credit awareness and enhance brand image. The higher the credibility is, the better reputation becomes, and the performance effects of network marketing will naturally appear, thus, network marketing is a protracted war, which transform the cumulativeeffect of brands into market sales. Those who consider network marketing as the "catalyst" will lose in the bubble of network marketing in the end.3.3 The Third Misunderstanding: Pricing War Will Be Arose by Network MarketingMany people believed that compared with traditional market, virtual market is a more complete market. Because of the decreasing search costs, the price competition among suppliers will lead to the increasingly narrowed profit margins. In fact, the price dispersion of virtual market is even greater than traditional market’s.However, the highest price might not be lesspopular while the lowest price might also notattract thousands of people and more popular because compared wit ……。