中西方家庭教育(中英双译)

中西家庭教育的比较(中文翻译版)【摘要】近几年来，随着素质教育的深入人心，家庭教育已经成为当今社会关注的一个热点，是千万家庭的切身利益和迫切需求。

因为，良好的家庭教育直接关系到了孩子的素质和品行，更关系到祖国的未来。

它是科教兴国和可持续发展战略的重要组成部分，就中国目前来看，家庭教育的发展态势良好，一大批家长、学校创造了成功的经验，更有许多学生家长主动学习家庭教育知识，教育观念发生了深刻变化.但是尽管如此，家庭教育仍是一个薄弱环节，尤其是随着西方教育思想的传入，中国家长面对传统与现代家教思想，表现出无所适从的无奈。

因此，对于开展家庭教育，既是机遇，又是挑战。

而且，中西家庭教育各有千秋，在不同方面，教育方法也不同，所以我们就需要深刻了解中西家庭教育的差异，取长补短，并且不失时机地推进家庭教育现代化，这样中国的未来才具有不可估量的发展前景。

【关键词】家庭教育，中西，传统，差异从古至今，家庭教育在整个国家教育事业中起着重要的作用。

邓小平曾说过；“国家现代化的基础在人才，人才的基础在教育，教育的基础在家庭。

中国是一个重视家庭教育的国家。

中国深厚的教育文化传统中包含了优秀的家庭教育成分。

”家庭教育、学校教育、社会教育是教育的三大支柱，三者缺一不可。

如今，家庭教育业已成为当今社会关注的一个热点，是千万家庭的切身利益和迫切需求。

就目前来看，我国家庭教育发展态势良好。

千百年来，在家庭教育领域中不少有识之士辛勤耕耘，积累了相当丰硕的成果。

并且中国是一个历史文化悠久的国家，它包括了许多传统的家庭教育成分。

贯穿中国古代家庭教育领域历史的是中国古代的教育思想，如：德教为先，尊老爱幼，修身为本，以身作则，立志自强，博学慎思等等。

这些优秀的思想源远流长。

尽管如此，家庭教育还是存在很多问题，它依然是个薄弱环节。

有关教育专家长期跟踪研究认为：三分之二的家庭教育不当。

他们所有的分析得出这样一些结论：第一，许多恶性事件，暴力事件不断发生，这不仅表明家教问题的严重性，而且表明开展科学家教的重要性和必要性。

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A Comparative Study on Family Educationin America and ChinaAbstract:In a lifetime , family is the first school , in which parents are the first teachers for the children . Children are the hopes of a nation , and family education is the elementary education for children . There are many types of family education in the world and each of them shows distinctive features and is closely responsive to its culture . And American family education is the most famous one among them1. There are great differences in the concepts of education , aim of education , methods of education and contents of education between American family education and Chinese family education . This thesis will complete the comparative study from the differences , the reasons and the results of family education between America and China . The author hopes to find a satisfied family education method through comparing the differences between American family education and Chinese family education . At the same time , the author hopes this thesis can provide some helpful suggestions for family education in order to make children grow more healthily and roundly .Keywords: family education childeren differences education for all-around development Main Body:Ⅰ.The differences of family education between America and China:1.The concepts of family education are different .The different education concepts between America and China lead children to receive differert education . In China , many parents only care about whether the children have a promising future , a good job , a good life or not . Based on these expectations , the majority of parents feel that their responsibility for their children is to create as good conditions as possible they can so that the children will not worry about anything in the future2. Chinese parents would like to provide everything what they can for their children in the process of children’s growth . In short , they would like to sacrifice anything if their children can live better with their help . Therefore, in the process of children’s growth, the most important thing the parents concerning is to develop theirchildren’s intellect, except for caring children’s daily life . In order to make their children have a good performance in study , become outstanding , or even become a famous person in the future , they would not let children do anything except studying . Contrastively , American parents generally believe that the growth of childeren must rely on their own strength and experiences. Based on this concept , most American parents emphasize more to train their children’s ability of independence once they are born because they think that children should form a self-supporting will and the capacity to live independently since their childhood . And the capacity comes from the training in the early age3.In the film 《Gua Sha Treatment》4, there is a scene that Datong orderded his son to apologize to his boss’s son when his saw his son was fighting with his boss’s son . What’s more , he slapped his son in the face when his son refused to apologize , which gave his boss aquite a shock . His boss became confused why the father would show the regret by striking his son . This scene and the boss’s confusion reflect the different concepts between the two countries . Traditonal Chinese family education emphasize kindheartedness and bedience5, so we can say that Chinese parents like Datong in the film always want to model their children . On the contrary , America children have more rights of autonomy because their parents emphasis on justice and freedom in the process of family education .2.The aim of family education are different6.The aim of family education is to foster the childeren to grow in some direction by family education . It is the restrictive factor for the direction of family education , deciding the general effect of it . So the aim of family education is the core of family education and the fundamental reason for the differences between the two countries on family education .There is an essential difference between two countrys’aim of family education , with to expect the child to become an outstanding personage and to hope the child to be an comprehensive and independent person giving expressions to the difference . To most Chinese parents , the aim is expecting their child to be a “dragon ”, which is “wang zi cheng long ”in Chinese . But American parents take hoping the child to be a man of ability which is “ wang zi cheng ren ” in Chinese as their aim . For Chinese parents, their aim is to do anyting to support their children to get high marks . What forms apparent contrast to it is , America parents give their children more training about improving abilities . They try to train their children to have the ability of adapting toenvironmental variety and the ability of living independently .3.The methods are different between America and China .The differences of concepts and aim cause the childen to be taught by different ways and methods . In Chinese family , affected by Chinese traditional culture , parents educate children by “ control ” and “ seal ” type . There are three tips for it 7:(1)Chinese parents prepare all things for their children in daily life . In Chinese family ,children don’t have to do any housework .(2)Chinese parents protect the children to excess in social activities . Many children areprevented from exposure to the outer world because their parents worry about children’s being affected by bad things 8.(3)Chinese parents have a rather strict attitude toward children’s study . Parents regard thegrades as the only standard for future success . “ Tasks Sea ” strategy is often used in study .Chinese children are tired of doing many extra exercises .So Chinese children spend more time in studying than doing other things . What about America children ? Let’s talk about the famous film 《The Pacifier》9. In the film , it may be unconcious , but Shane Wolfe had let the kids master many skills by training them during the time when he cared them . So American parents bring up their children by the method of “ letting go ”but “ not indulging ” to exercise children’s abilities of independent living .4. The different contents of family education between America and China .The differences of family education between the two countries are also reflected in the contents of family education . Although the contents of Chinese family education can also devided into moral education , intellectual education , physical education and artistic education , but intellectual education has been the most important one since they go to school . However , the contents of American family education is abundant , which pay more attention to the harmonious development of language , emotion , knowledge and so on . It is so-called “education for all-around development 10” .Ⅱ.The reasons for the differences mentioned above:1. Different historical background11China with a long histroy has a sort of cohesive and conservative sense of worth , which islack of spirit of adventure and innovative consciousness . There is a shortage of environment in which people can accept new ideas . By contraries , America is a nation of immigrants with a short history , there remains so little traditional culture . With the influence of multi culture and sense of worth , it is easy to accept new thoughts and culture . So America children are better at taking risks and innovating .2. Different economic formChina has a long histroy with a large population .Therefore , there are so few opportunities to find a job even a good job which can decide one’s life happiness . And getting high marks has become a necessary condition to have a good job and future . The condition of econemy in America is better than that in China , so there are more employment opportunities in America . American parents think profession is not distinguished whether it is noble or nidering as long as they can survive in society .3.Different social conditionsSo far , social security system and old-age care have not been perfect in China . Many Chinese parents take their children as their private possession in order to receive the children’s return , which is reflected in the methods of education . For this reason , their children’s high scores have become their origin of pride . But in America , there is a prosper development of econemy and sane social security system , so American parents don’t count on their children’s support . They see educating child to be an independent , conscientious and kindhearted person as their duties .4.Different traditional culture12In China , people advocate collectivism which emphasize the collective interests more important than personal interests . Therefore , Chinese parents usually replace children’s interests by their own wills and thoughts . They design children’s future standing in the adult angle . What’s more , in Chinese family , parents can raise their children in the lifetime . However , stressing personality , upholding individual development and caring about personal benefit are all the cores of American culture . Rationalistic American parents insist that children after 18 years old should be independent and not rely on their parents .Ⅲ.The results of two different kinds of family education13: The results of family education in the two countries also display obvious differences becauseof the differences of education concepts , aim , methods and contents . These are mainly reflected in five aspects .1.Ability of adapting to the societyMost Ameican children can adapt to the society more smoothly than many Chinese children . They can face and overcome setbacks more easily .2.Ability of living independentlyCompared with independent American children , Chinese children have particularly much requirements and strong dependence ,and they always want to get others’ care .3.Interpersonal relationshipsAs a result of parents’overprotection , Chinese children have few ablities of personal interaction . American children are opposite at this point .4.Responsibility of supporting the oldGenerally speaking , Many American children lack the sense of responsibility to support their parents in comparison with Chinese children .5.The relationship among family membersAs a whole , the relationship among Chinese family members is more harmony than that among American family . The relationship of Chinese family is very close , but in America ,family members look like separate individuals .Ⅳ. Discussions and Suggestions14:In this thesis , it is only a generic comparative study on family education in America and China . Of course , there is also distinctiveness on it . In addition , compared with Chinese family education , American family education also has its obvious shortage . So the aim of this thesis is not totally to repudiate Chinese family education or wholly to accept American family education . In the end ,by the comparative study on family education in America and China , the writer wants to cause reform ideas of Chinese family education in order to improve Chinese education level .According to our country’s special circumstances, the number of one-child family is becoming larger , so family education must be improved in the project of educational reform and development and family education must be combined with school education and social education. Therefore, it is necessary to change traditional family education ideas .(1) Chinese parents should educate their children in social environment , in other words , theyshould not only teach their children the knowledge of survival , but also the responsibilities for the society .(2) Chinese parents must cultivate their children’s consciousness of independence,self-support , cooperation and the spirit of caring for others .(3) In China , education for all-around development should be vigorously advocated andimplemented effectively .(4) Much can be learned from each other on the ways of family education for America andChina .In a word , family education is very important . With the development of society , all aspects of family education needs to be improved .Epilogue:This is the first time for me to write thesis in English , and I haven’t had enough knowledge and experience , so there must be some shortcomings . I will appreciate it that my teacher can be kind enoug to point the mistakes and help me to correct them . In the meantime , I will study hard to know more about family education in America and China and make greater progress in the future .References :1.《浅谈中美家庭教育的差异》高维亮王丽艳（《科学时代》 2006.11）2.《学前儿童家庭教育(修订版)》李生兰华东师范大学出版社3.《美国家庭教育的启示》李盈（《教育实践与研究》2005.04）4. 《Gua Sha Treatment》郑晓龙导演5. 《不同文化传统下中美家庭教育中的评价比较》唐梅（《世界教育信息》2007.4）(加标注12)6.《论中美家庭教育的差异》曾芝兰（《太原师范学院学报》(社会科学版)2006.1）7. 校选修课《…………》授课教师：……8. 《中美家庭教育的对比与分析》（《联合早报网》）9.《The Pacifier》Adam Shankman10.《中美家庭教育比较分析及对策研究》李子银（《当代教育论坛》2007.06）（加标注13）11.Sina blog “tingting and her mother ”/jenniferyuting12．《American Family Education》ailin 中央编译出版社13.《East look , West see》zhaihua中图书店出版社14. 《中美家庭教育的六点比较》王乐（《家教指南》2008年第五期）15.《北大批判－中国高等教育有病》薛涌江苏文艺出版社16.《造就小主人：教导孩子在做家务中养成勤劳、负责的美德》帕特丽夏H·斯普林科知识产权出版社1234567891011121314。

第1篇一、引言家庭教育是孩子成长过程中至关重要的一环，它不仅影响着孩子的性格、习惯和价值观，也关系到家庭的和谐与社会的稳定。

本文将介绍几个中外优秀家庭教育案例，通过分析这些案例，以期为广大家长提供有益的借鉴和启示。

二、中外优秀家庭教育案例1. 中国优秀家庭教育案例：陶行知的教育理念陶行知是我国著名教育家，他提出的“生活教育”理念，强调家庭教育与学校教育、社会教育相结合，培养孩子的全面发展。

以下是一个典型的家庭教育案例：案例背景：陶行知之子陶宏志，自幼在家庭中接受父亲的教育。

陶行知注重培养孩子的品德、智慧和体力，要求孩子做到“身体强健、品德高尚、学问渊博”。

家庭教育方法：（1）注重品德教育：陶行知要求孩子诚实守信、尊重他人、关爱他人。

他以身作则，言传身教，使孩子从小就养成了良好的品德。

（2）注重智力开发：陶行知鼓励孩子多读书、多思考，培养孩子的创新精神和实践能力。

他经常与孩子一起探讨问题，激发孩子的求知欲。

（3）注重体力锻炼：陶行知认为，健康的身体是孩子成长的基础。

他要求孩子每天坚持锻炼，参加户外活动，增强体质。

案例启示：家庭教育应注重孩子的全面发展，培养孩子的品德、智力、体力。

2. 美国优秀家庭教育案例：托马斯·爱迪生的家庭教育托马斯·爱迪生是美国著名发明家，他的成功离不开家庭教育的熏陶。

以下是一个典型的家庭教育案例：案例背景：爱迪生的父母注重培养孩子的创新精神和实践能力。

他们鼓励孩子多尝试、多探索，让孩子在探索中成长。

家庭教育方法：（1）培养孩子的创新精神：爱迪生的父母尊重孩子的兴趣，鼓励孩子发挥想象力，勇于尝试新事物。

他们为孩子提供了丰富的实验材料，支持孩子进行科学实验。

（2）注重实践能力：爱迪生的父母鼓励孩子参与家庭事务，让孩子在实践中学会独立思考和解决问题。

（3）培养孩子的责任感：爱迪生的父母教育孩子要对自己的行为负责，对自己的承诺负责。

案例启示：家庭教育应注重培养孩子的创新精神和实践能力，让孩子在实践中成长。

中西方家庭教育对比研究一、西方各国家庭教育的特点（一）节约自强的美国家庭教育许多美国的父母在孩子十八岁以后将会不再负担其生活费，他们会注重如何让孩子成长为一个独立的个体，如何才能够尽快使孩子获得自食其力的本领。

这些美国家庭教育观点很大程度上是基于其市场经济的理念，让孩子们从小就明白什么是有偿工作，以便于将来更加顺利地融入社会氛围，那里的孩子们也随之崇尚自己挣自己花。

而美国社会相对宽厚的社会经济状况也令父母们对自己的晚年生活更有安全感，他们不需要过于向孩子施加奋斗的压力，而是让他们能随着自己的天性和兴趣爱好选择自己想走的道路。

长大成为独立的个人是美国家长家庭教育理念的中心思想，他们会鼓舞自己的孩子，给予他们足够的信心。

根据调查,美国54%的青少年学生是不拿零用钱的,而且年龄越大越不可能获得零用钱,大约68%的受访青少年学生以打零工赚取零用钱。

[3]更让人大跌眼镜的是美国首富洛克菲勒,这位世界上第一个拥有10亿美元财产的大富翁,其子女的零用钱却十分紧巴巴。

他家账本扉页上记录着孩子零用钱的规定：7-8岁每周30美分；11-12岁每周1美元；12岁以上每周3美元。

零用钱每周发放一次,要求子女们记清每一分花销的来龙去脉，待下次领钱时交父亲检查，如果账目清楚,用途正当者，下周增发5美分;反之则更少。

洛克菲勒解释说，“过多的财富会给自己的子孙带来灾难”。

这句蕴含着他人生经验的话,就像他的财富，引发人们的思考。

（二）磨练吃苦的英国家庭教育英国作为世界上第一个工业化国家，英语又是全世界使用频率极高的语言，总的来说，英国人性格恪守传统，他们的象征动物是约翰牛，即严谨而且爱独居，为了自己获得独立自由而愿意吃苦耐劳来换取理想生活。

英国的青少年,从小就体验送报、打工等劳动的辛苦,这本身就是磨炼吃苦精神的绝佳途径。

在寒冷的冬天,当中国的同龄孩子可能还在热被窝里撒娇，赖床时要父母三请四催说尽好话,英国的孩子早已起来挨家挨户去送报了。