2019年高二英语人教版选修六讲义：Unit 4 Section Ⅴ Writing—环境问题

Unit 4 Global warming全球变暖引起北极冰雪融化，这一变化给北极熊赖以生存的家园带来了极大的威胁。

北极熊通常在冰原上养育幼崽,而随着冰的融化，它们待在陆地上的时间被迫加长，吃不到冰面上可以捕捉到的海豹，从而只能以当地猎人捕捉的鲸的残余物为食……这严重影响了它们的生存及繁殖。

晨读晚诵■ n柱预知介作探处上单词注释难句剖析导读诱思Due to climate changes,Arctic ice is breaking up earlier in the spring,and its area is decreasing.This is creating problems for polar bears that make their homes off northern Alaska and in Hudson Bay.Polar bears off Alaska normally hunt and raise their young on ice sheets that float on the ocean.But as the ice has melted,the polar bears have been forced to spend more time on land.There.they have begun to firequent ① beaches,feeding on the remains ② of whales caught by native hunters.For polar bears,this food is less nutritious® than seals that they nonnally catch on ice sheets.The shrinking ice has also forced more polar bears into the ocean.In the past,they only had to swim short distances between ice sheets.But as the ice has shrunk,polar bears have been forced to swim longer and longer distances in the open ocean.This poses ④ asevere danger during rough weather ?and an increasing number ofdrowned polar bears have been observed.In Hudson Bay,the ice breaks up three weeks earlier in the spring now than it did 20 years ago.Polar bears in Hudson Bay fast 5during the summer,waiting for ice to fonn in the fall to hunt.Every year,the summer gets longer,and the bears get skinnier®.This loss affects their ability toreproduce,and already the number of births has dropped by 15percent.Unless the bears can learn to survive these climate changes,these giants of the ice may one day disappear.①frequent /fr'ikwent/ vt常去，常到（某处）②remains /rlmelnz/ 〃•剩余物③nutritious /njutrlfas/ Q0•有营养的®pose /paoz/讥•造成;形成⑤fast /f□: st/ w.绝食©skinny /sklnl/加/・极瘦的;皮包骨的（skinnier为skinny的比较级）This poses a severe danger during rough weather,and an increasing number of drowned polar bears have been observed・译文这在天气恶劣的时候造成严重的危险，而且被发现的溺水的北极熊越来越多。

选修6第4单元Ⅰ. 要点导读1. The problem begins when we add huge quantities of extra carbon dioxide to the atmosphere by burning fossil fuels. (P26) quantity n.意为“数量”，与quality相对。

quantities of = a (large) quantity of意为“大量的；许多的”修饰可数名词和不可数名词。

也可用于in quantity，意为“大量地”，作表语。

eg: I prefer quality to quantity when food is concerned.Every year large quantities of steel products are turned out in our factory.It is often less expensive to buy goods in quantity.表示“大量的”的短语，分三种情况：(1) 既可修饰可数名词也可修饰不可数名词的短语有：a lot of = lots of; a mass of = masses of; a quantity of = quantities of,plenty of(2) 只能修饰可数名词的短语有：many a, a good / great many, a large number of(3) 只能修饰不可数名词的短语有：a large amount of, a great deal of2. In fact, he states, “More carbon dioxide is actually a positive thing …” (P27)state vt. (1) 意为“陈述；说明；宣布；申明”，后可直接跟名词或从句。

eg: Please state your name, age and occupation in the form.The businessmen have stated that the strike will continue until general agreement is reached about pay and working.(2) n.意为“状况，状态；政府；州；邦”eg: The whole country was in a state of disorder during the Civil War.statement n. 意为“讲述的话；说明；生命；填报情况”eg: The president is to make a statement tomorrow.3. The temperature increased and decreased over this period … (P28)decrease (1) vi.&vt.意为“减少；减小；降低”，常与介词by连用，其反义词是increase。

Section ⅡWelcome to the unit & Reading—Language Pointslack v t.& n．缺乏；缺少；不足(教材P49)When there is a lack of food, there is hunger.当缺少食物时就会有饥饿产生。

(1)(a) lack of... ……的缺少for lack of sth. 因缺少……(2)lacking adj. 缺少的；缺乏的be lacking in 缺少……；……不足Health problems are closely connected with bad eating habits and a lack of exercise.健康问题与不良饮食习惯和缺乏运动有密切关系。

(1)lack作名词时，后常接介词of；作及物动词时，直接加宾语；作不及物动词时，后常接介词for；(2)lacking为形容词，一般不放在名词前。

[基础练习]——单句语法填空/单句改错(1) Though lacking(lack) money, his parents managed to send him to university.(2) More and more high－rise buildings have been built in big cities for lack of space.(3)—Jack still can’t help being anxious about his job interview.—Lack in self－confidence is his Achilles’ heel，I am afraid.in→of[能力提升]——一句多译缺乏勇气使他失去了获胜的机会。

(4)Lacking__courage made him lose the chance of winning.(lack v．)(5)Lack__of__courage made him lose the chance of winning. (lack n．)refer to查阅；参考；谈到；提到；适用于；涉及(教材P50)I am pleased to have this chance today to talk to you about the United Nations, or the UN, as it is more often referred to.我很高兴今天有机会跟大家谈谈联合国，联合国也叫UN——这个名称更常用。

你知道世界上还有很多人在挨饿，还有很多孩子流落街头、无家可归吗？作为普通人应该怎样帮助他们呢？点击以下网站试试吧！Our world and our future will finally be the same when we join together to assist each other.Please visit these sites to see how you can benefit by helping people in our families and throughout the world.One person really does make a difference!National Center for Missing & Exploited ChildrenHelp locate or report a missing child.Click here to find information about a missing child from a specific state or region.Fighting Poverty with Literacy and Physical FitnessThe dividing line between rich and poor in America today is education, and when one in six children in the United States lives in poverty, literacy becomes a critical link in a chain that can either shackle(束缚) children to a life of poverty or be used to pull them out of it.Learn more about Save the Children’s unique approach.The Internet Toy DriveEach year, we are proud to be a partner with the official U．S.Marines Toys for Tots program in The Internet Toy Drive.It’s a sad fact that millions of children in the United States will NOT have a single gift to open on Christmas Day! We aim to change that and make sure EVERY child has a t least one present “from Santa” under their tree.Help a child now!The Hunger ProjectThe Hunger Project is more than an organization.It’s a worldwide movement of women and men committed to a future free from hunger.Achieving the sustainable(合理利用的)end of hunger means nothing less than creating a new future for all humanity.You can play a vital role in this global effort.Click to learn more.The Literacy SiteYour click on the red “Give Free Books” button at The Literacy Site generates books for children in need, funded by site sponsors and provided through our award winning charity partner, First Book.In the last three years, First Book has distributed over 20 million books to children in hundreds of communities.Visit the Literacy Site.Section ⅠWelcome to the unit & Reading—Warming Up[基础词汇]1. victim n．受害者2. acquire v t. 购得；获得，得到3. expand v i.&v t. 扩展，发展(业务); 扩大，增强4. worthwhile adj. 重要的；令人愉快的；值得花时间(或花钱、努力等)5. fetch v t. 售得，卖得(某价); 取来，去拿来6. export n. 出口产品，输出品；出口，输出v t.&v i. 出口，输出[拓展词汇]7．lack n．&v t.缺乏→lacking adj.缺少的；没有的8．description n．描写(文字), 形容，说明→describe v t.描述；说成；形容9．political adj.政治的；政府的→politics n．政治；政治学→politician n．政治家；政客10．addition n．增加；添加→additional adj.附加的；额外的→add v．加；增加；补充11．equal adj.平等的；同等的n．同等的人；相等物v t.与……相同或相等→equality n．同等；平等→equally ad v.相等地；平等地12．voluntary adj.志愿的；自愿的，主动的→volunteer n．志愿者v.(自愿)做13．contribute v t.&v i.捐献，捐赠，捐助；贡献；促成，导致→contribution n．贡献；捐款(赠)；投稿14．urgent adj.紧急的，紧迫的→urge v t.鼓励；催促15．starvation n．饥饿；挨饿；饿死→starve v i.挨饿v t.使挨饿；使饿死1. refer__to 谈及，提到；与……相关，涉及；查阅，参考2. in__addition 除……以外(还), 此外3. draw__someone’s__attention__to使(某人)察觉到4. contribute__to 捐赠；作贡献；是……的原因；投稿5. under__the__umbrella__of 在……的保护下，在……的管理下6. be__made__up__of 由……组成7. be__available__to 可获得的；可利用的8. for__lack__of 因缺乏……；因没有……9. take__on 承担；呈现10. provide__for 供养，抚养；防备1．动词不定式作原因状语I feel very honoured to__have__been__able__to__take__on__this__role．能够担任这个角色，我感到很荣幸。