近十年关于海外华文教育文化传承的研究综述

一、引言改革开放以来，中国经济的不断发展，全球化趋势的不断加强以及海外华人族群的日益壮大，使得海外华文教育日益受到国内外的重视，不断发展。

海外华文教育，不仅教授广大华人华侨及其子孙汉语，在一定程度上也传播了中国的传统文化。

由于所在地域问题，海外华文教育在一定程度上受到所在国教育政策、法律法规的限制，尤其是海外华文教育中的中华传统文化教育更是受到了严峻的考验，一些国家由于担心本国文化被中华文化所同化，并不十分赞同海外华文教育以及中华文化的传播，所以，海外华文教育要不要弘扬中华民族的优秀文化传统，一直是学者们关注的问题之一。

其次，中华民族的传统文化源远流长，博大精深，在全球化的影响下，逐步呈现出多样化的特点，在海外华文教育重应该传承怎样的中华传统文化，怎样取其精华，并如何与当地本土文化更好地融合，对此，学者们也展开了相关的讨论。

此外，在当今世界全球化的影响下，如何进行有效地文化传承，以及中华传统文化在海外华文教育中的地位和影响，也是现如今学者们考虑的问题。

笔者就以上问题，翻阅大量文献资料，将近十年来的研究成果汇总，以供参考。

二、关于是否需要弘扬中华民族传统文化的研究成果由于海外华文教育的地域性特点，受当地教育政策和法律法规的影响，海外华文学校的教学一般都经历了受排挤到相衔接的过程，考虑到与当地文化融合度的问题，以及是否会同化当地文化，有部分学者认为华文教育只需进行语言文字教学，不宜进行传统文化的传播。

大部分学者对此提出了反驳意见，薛纪达指出中华文化具有强大的生命力和凝聚力，是世界文化的组成部分，必须和海外华文教育相辅相成，通过海外华文教育传播到全世界，同时又给予华文教育支援和扶植。

黄薇认为华文教育中的文化教学与对外汉语中的文化教学相比，更具有其独特的教学任务，我们不能忽视中华民族传统文化的传承作用。

陈晓桦认为，在目前正在形成的多元文化世界里，我们有必要重新审视、清点自己的文化，认识中国传统文化的价值，主动将优秀的中华文化传播出去，传承下去，使之成为新形势下世界文化不可缺少的组成部分，并与其他各种文化相互交流，和谐共处。

吴端阳、吴绮云认为中华文化有很强的民族性和包容性，海外华族文化包容吸收了本地文化，但与中华文化同源，中华文化还有很强的世界性，为世界文化做出了巨大的贡献，海外华文学校是传承中华民族传统文化的关键。

综上所述，几乎所有的学者都支持海外华文教育中的文化传承，都认识到了作为华文教育的一部分，中华民族传统文化传承的重要性。

三、关于如何弘扬中华民族传统文化的研究成果既然我们应当在海外华文教育中弘扬传播中华民族优秀的传统文化，如何进行有效地传播，其策略问题必然是学者们关注的焦点。

翦伯象、白少玉谈到了华文教学中的文化传播的策略问题，他们认为可以用如下方法：1.在汉语阅读教学中传播中华文化；2.在华文写作教学中传播中华文化；3.通过与华人社团交流传播中华文化李其荣谈论了华侨华胞在传播中华文化中的重要地位，华侨华人既是中华文化的“守望者”，又是“传播者”他们通过华文教育、华文传媒和华人社团这“三宝”传播中国传统文化。

黄薇认为以下几点在华文教学中的文化教学中要予以重视：第一、横纵结合，对比教学；第二、寓教于乐的原则；第三、温故而知新，避免“炒冷饭”现象；第四、因地制宜，因材施教，不宣扬带有政治色彩的超文化内容。

陈晓桦对海外华文教育文化传承的方式也进行了探讨，认为在信息时代，远程的网络教学为学习者提供了更广阔的学习空间，此外，在社会环境中认知、体验中华文化的独特魅力，是进行文化传承的另一个有效途径。

耿虎认为文化传播借助文化传播载体而展开，在众多的文化传播载体中，基于人的活动所形成的载体又至关重要。

就中华文化的海外传播而言，依托不同层次的华族移民活动所形成的文化传播载体主要有个体活动、家庭生活、华族社团、华文传媒和华文教育等五个方面。

综上所述，对于如何有效地传播与弘扬中华民族优秀的传统文化，学者们都有自己的看法，但总体而言都认为应该依靠华文教育、华人社团及华文传媒这三大支柱来展开文化传承。

四、关于弘扬中华民族优秀的传统文化的影响的研究成果中华民族的传统文化博大精深，海外华文教育为弘扬和传承中华民族的传统文化提供了广阔的平台，反过来，中华民族传统文化的弘扬与传承对海外华文教育、海外华人族群，甚至是本土文化有什么样的影响和作用，学者们对此也进行了相关的探讨。

苏泽清认为华文教育应当确保中华文化的主导地位，以保证华文教育的健康发展，首先，中华文化是华文教育的深层次内容，其次，中华文化在华文教育中具有永久的魅力，再次，中华文化是华文教育培养优秀人才的基石。

李其荣对华侨华人传播中华文化的功能做出了如下阐述：1.华侨华人在海外传播中华文化，增强了中国与其他国家的相互理解，加深了中外人民之间的友谊；2.弘扬中华优秀文化有利于增强海外侨胞的民族认同感和凝聚力，促进民族伟大复兴；3.弘扬中华优秀文化，展示了侨胞良好形象，有利于华侨华人更好地融入住在国主流社会，从而进一步展示当代中国新形象。

薛秀军、何青霞认为，在全球化、信息时代和市场经济的共同影响下，中华文化面临着多重挑战，而借助世界范围内兴起的华文教育热潮，在重新审视华文教育的内涵、发掘华文教育现实展开的多种路径的基础上不断增强中华文化的现实生命与活力，无疑已成为提升中华文化竞争力的可供选择的最现实的路径。

综上所述，弘扬中华民族的优秀传统文化，不仅是海外华文教育的重心，可以增强海外华人华侨的民族认同感和凝聚力，而且对中外文化交流有重要作用，是中华文化对世界文化的多元化做出贡献的重要表现。

五、结语近年来，海外华文教育随着“汉语热”、“华语热”的不断升温有了进一步的发展，中华民族的优秀传统文化也得到了进一步的弘扬与传播，它为中华文化在海外华人族群中留根，增强了华人族群的民族凝聚力，促进了中华民族的伟大复兴。

近十年来的研究成果表明，海外华文教育与中华文化的传承相辅相成，海外华文教育以中华文化基石，为中华文化的传播提供平台，中华文化又给予海外华文教育以扶植，我们应当重视海外华文教育过程中的文化传播，为中华文化的传承贡献一份力量。

One, the introductionSince China's reform and opening up, China's economic development, the strengthening of globalization trend as well as the overseas Chinese population growing, make the overseasChinese education, increasingly brought to the attention of the domestic and foreign, continuous development. Overseas Chinese education, the broad masses of overseas Chinese and their descendants, a professor at Chinese, not only to a certain extent and spread the traditional Chinese culture. Due to territorial issues, overseas Chinese education to a certain extent, is limited by education policies, laws and regulations of host countries, especially in the overseas Chinese education of Chinese traditional culture education, the serious test, some countries because of concerns that their culture is assimilated by Chinese culture, don't quite agree with the overseas Chinese education and the spread of Chinese culture, so the overseas Chinese education do you want to carry forward the fine cultural tradition of the Chinese nation, has been one of the scholars concern. Secondly, the traditional culture of the Chinese nation has a long history, profound, under the influence of globalization, presents the characteristics of diversification, step by step in the overseas Chinese education should be what kind of Chinese traditional culture, how to select the essence, and how to better integration with the local native culture, the scholars have also launched a related discussion. In addition, under the influence of globalization in today's world, how to effectively cultural heritage, and the Chinese traditional culture in overseas Chinese education the status and influence, is also now scholars consider problem. The above problem, through a large number of literature, nearly a decade of research results summary, for your reference.2, about whether to need to carry forward the Chinese nation traditional culture research Due to the regional characteristics of overseas Chinese education, influenced by the local education policies and laws and regulations, overseas Chinese school teaching generally experienced by squeezing out links up, the process of alignment with the local culture into consideration, and whether it will be assimilated into the local culture, some scholars believe that Chinese language education in language teaching, is unfavorable to the spread of traditional culture. Most scholars put forward the rebuttals, Xue Ji pointed out that Chinese culture has a strong vitality and cohesion, is a part of world culture, must supplement each other and the overseas Chinese education, through the overseas Chinese education to spread to all over the world, and also to help Chinese education and fostering. Monchi think culture teaching in Chinese language education is compared with the culture of teaching Chinese as a foreign language, has its own unique teaching tasks, we can not ignore the traditional culture of the Chinese nation heritage. Chen Xiaohua thinks, in the multicultural world is formed, it is necessary for us to re-examine, count your culture, know the value of Chinese traditional culture, initiative to spread excellent Chinese culture, tradition, make it become the indispensable part of world culture under the new situation, and with other cultures communicate with each other, harmonious coexistence. Wu duanyang, Wu Qiyun think Chinese culture has a strong national character, and inclusiveness, overseas Chinese culture containing absorbing the local culture, but a homologous with Chinese culture, Chinese culture has strong world, made great contributions to the world culture, overseas Chinese school is the key to the heritage of the Chinese nation traditional culture.Above all, almost all scholars support of overseas Chinese education culture heritage, are recognized as part of the Chinese language education, the importance of the Chinese nation traditional culture inheritance.Third, research on how to carry forward the traditional culture of the Chinese nationNow that we should be spread in the overseas Chinese education to carry forward theChinese nation excellent traditional culture, how to effectively spread, its strategy must be the focus of scholars. JianBoXiang, less white jade spoke about the spread of the cultural strategy in the Chinese language teaching problems, they think they can use the following methods: 1. The spread of Chinese culture in Chinese reading teaching; 2. The spread of Chinese culture in Chinese writing teaching; 3. Through the communication with Chinese community spread gabriel lee talked about the Chinese culture overseas and China cell in the important position of spreading Chinese culture, Chinese is the Chinese culture "catcher", and "communicator" by Chinese education, Chinese media and Chinese community that "sanbao" to spread traditional Chinese Monchi think the following points in the teaching of Chinese language culture teaching should attach importance to it: first, the transverse and longitudinal combination, contrast teaching; Second, the principle of fun; Third, consider, avoid flogging "phenomenon; Fourth, adjust measures to local conditions, according to their aptitude, not preach content of political culture. Chen Xiaohua on overseas Chinese education also probes into the cultural inheritance way, believe in the information age, the remote network teaching provides learners with more wide learning space, in addition, in the social environment cognition, experience the unique charm of the Chinese culture, is another effective way of cultural heritage. GengHu that cultural transmission, by means of cultural transmission carrier in numerous cultural transmission carrier, based on the activities of the carrier and crucial. In terms of the spread of Chinese culture overseas, based on different levels of Chinese cultural transmission carrier which is formed by the migration mainly include individual activities, family life and Chinese community, Chinese media and Chinese language education in five aspects.Above all, how to effectively spread and carry forward the excellent traditional culture of the Chinese nation, the scholars have their own views, but generally agree that should rely on Chinese education, Chinese community and Chinese media, the three pillars of cultural inheritance.Fourth, the effects of carry forward the excellent traditional culture of the Chinese nation The extensive and profound traditional culture of the Chinese nation, overseas Chinese education to promote and develop the traditional culture of the Chinese nation has provided a broad platform, on the other hand, the traditional culture of the Chinese nation to carry forward and develop education for overseas Chinese, overseas Chinese ethnic groups, and even local culture what kind of influence and role, scholars have carried on the related discussion. Su Zeqing that Chinese education should ensure the dominant position of the Chinese culture, so as to ensure the healthy development of Chinese education, first of all, Chinese culture is the deep content of Chinese education, secondly, the charm of Chinese culture in the Chinese language education has a permanent, once again, the Chinese culture is the foundation of Chinese language education to cultivate talents. Gabriel lee of overseas Chinese and spreading Chinese culture's function to make the following: 1. The spread of overseas Chinese and overseas Chinese culture, to enhance the mutual understanding between China and other countries, deepened the friendship between the Chinese and foreign people; 2. Promote Chinese excellent culture is beneficial to strengthen the national identity of overseas Chinese nationals and cohesion, promote the great rejuvenation; 3. Promote Chinese excellent culture and shows a good image of overseas Chinese,For overseas Chinese better in live in the mainstream society, thus further show a newimage in contemporary China. Xiu-jun xue, He Qingxia believes that in the era of globalization, information and under the influence of market economy, Chinese culture is facing multiple challenges, and rise around the world as a Chinese education boom, the re-examine the connotation of the Chinese language education, the path of the excavation of the Chinese language education reality variety of growing Chinese culture on the basis of the reality of life and vitality, has undoubtedly become enhance competitiveness of the Chinese culture to choose the most realistic path.To sum up, to carry forward the fine traditional culture of the Chinese nation, is not only the focus of the overseas Chinese education, can strengthen the national identity of overseas Chinese and cohesion, but also for the Chinese and foreign cultural exchanges play an important role, is to contribute to the diversity of Chinese culture to the world culture of the important performance.Five, the conclusionIn recent years, overseas Chinese education as the "Chinese fever", "Chinese fever" growing with further development, the excellent traditional culture of the Chinese nation has been further carry forward and spread, leave it for the Chinese culture in overseas Chinese communities in root, enhance the national cohesion of the Chinese population, promote the great Renaissance of the Chinese nation. In nearly a decade of research results show that the overseas Chinese education and the heritage of the Chinese culture supplement each other, the overseas Chinese education in the Chinese culture foundation, provides the platform for the spread of Chinese culture, Chinese culture and gives support to the overseas Chinese education, we should pay attention to overseas Chinese education in the process of cultural transmission, contributing to the heritage of the Chinese culture.。