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《如何看待青少年过度使用智能手机的问题》阅读练习及答案

《如何看待青少年过度使用智能手机的问题》阅读练习及答案
《如何看待青少年过度使用智能手机的问题》阅读练习及答案

阅读下面的文字,完成下列小题。

材料一:

2013年-2014年用户使用手机和应用程度的年增长水平

(摘自《中文互联网数据资讯中心》《手机上瘾者报告》)材料二:

智能手机确实在偷走对青少年来说非常重要的一样东西:睡眠。总体而言,青少年比以往睡得更少了。对20个国家690747名青少年的数据(1905~2008年)分析发现,青少年的睡眠时间比100年前少了1个小时。

英国华威大学的心理学助理教授萨卡里·莱莫拉( Sakari Lemola)最近发现,有智能手机的青少年在晚上睡得更晚。莱莫拉说,“我们还发现,睡觉前使用电子设备与睡觉时长减少、失眠症状增加有关。而较短的睡眠和较差的睡眠质量又与抑郁症状有关。”

莱莫拉解释了几种可能的关联。今天的电子屏幕发出了大量蓝光,

会抑制褪黑素的产生。褪黑素是一种在晚上或黑暗环境中由松果腺分泌的激素,可以调节人体的生物钟。社交媒体上,来自朋友的消息或评论让孩子很难睡着。另外,在无尽的娱乐信息的吸引下,让青少年把手机关闭格外困难。

莱莫拉指出,近期另一项研究显示,在刚成年的年轻人当中,较差的睡眠质量是严重的精神健康问题(如精神错乱症状)的起因之一。“一方面,我相信大多数青少年能够很好地适应社交媒体提供的新机会”,莱莫拉说,“另一方面,跟之前几代的青少年相比,有一小部分脆弱的青少年面临着更高的风险。电子设备使用时长的增加,睡眠质量下降以及睡眠时长的缩短,这些因素很有可能对青少年的心理健康有着重要影响。其他因素,从城镇化到在校压力,也多少会对青少年有所影响。”

(《智能手机损害青少年大脑?》)材料三:

“在以前,如果有人问我什么对青少年好,是小提琴还是电子游戏“刺客信条”,我会觉得这是一个可笑的问题”,美国儿童与青少年疾病中心负责人杰伊·吉德说,“但是现在,我意识到玩“刺客信条”需要策略、记忆力、对模式的识别以及反应能力。另外,观看优质的视频可能是比阅读更好的学习方式。对我来说,说这些话很困难,但是考虑到大脑吸收信息的方式,可能真的是这样。”

提到青少年面临的威胁,引人注目的新科技总是比那些熟悉和难以改变的问题更容易成为人们关注的焦点,这种偏差可能会使我们的

感知发生偏离。除了使用手机导致糟糕的睡眠质量,家庭冲突也是造成青少年心理健康问题的一个重要原因,艾伦说:“不仅冲突和压力会影响大脑,缺乏温暖和社会支持同样会影响大脑。有这么多证据都表明,其他因素会对青少年产生影响,为什么我们还在担心手机?”美籍指挥家斯坦伯格表示认同,他认为我们应该关注的问题是创伤、贫穷、暴力和毒品,因为它们对青少年的发展有巨大的影响。

(节选自《南方周末》20)18年3月1日16版)材料四:

实际上,苹果公司已经提供了一些家长控制举措,例如“要求购买”功能,要求家长批准购买商品和服务;限制访问某些应用程序、内容和数据使用情况;使用了内置的功能,比如位置共享等。但这些还远不足以解决日益严重的青少年智能手机上瘾问题。

美国圣地亚哥州立大学的心理学教授让·特温吉教授发明了“iGen”一词来指代新一代的智能手机成瘾儿童。让·特温吉曾表示,把iGen描述为几十年来最严重的精神健康危机的边缘并不夸张,这种恶化很大程度上可以追溯到他们的手机。近日,北美放射学会研究了那些沉迷于智能手机或患网瘾的青少年的大脑,发现智能手机成瘾的青少年大脑奖赏回路的化学成分存在差异。而根据“常识媒体”在2016年进行的一份调查显示,约半数美国青少年感觉自己存在手机成瘾问题,并感到有压力需要立刻回复手机信息。

据美国广播公司报道,科技公司虽然没有公开承认他们的电子产品可能会让人上瘾,但一些硅谷内部人士已经开始向媒体透露,电子

产品、移动应用程序和社交媒体网站是如何被设计成让人上瘾的,并尽可能长时间地吸引用户的注意力。不可否认的是,智能手机的一些应用,比如脸书、Snapchat和Instagram,在很大程度上依赖于年轻用户。但一些科技公司已经采取措施,愿意改变他们的产品以回应家长的担忧。

(摘编自《人民日报》2018年1月9日22版《苹果需正视青少年手

机成瘾问题》)4.下列对材料相关内容的理解,不正确的一项是

A.材料一中,2013年-2014年,手机使用增幅从大到小分别是常规用户、超级用户、上瘾用户。

B.有科学家认为,青少年的身心健康面临诸多威胁,但相比而言,智能手机并非最大问题根源。

C.莱莫拉认为:青少年因使用手机导致的睡眠时短和质量差与电子屏幕抑制褪黑素产生有关。

D.虽然手机引起了诸多问题,但莱莫拉对多数青少年适应社交媒体提供的新机会持乐观态度。

5.下列对材料相关内容的概括和分析,不正确的一项是

A.相比城镇化和学业压力,电子设备使用时长的增加,才是引发精神健康问题的罪魁祸首。

B.杰伊·吉德过去认为,小提琴比电子游戏“刺客信条”对青少年更有益,但现在所持观点有所改变。

C.某些游戏能锻炼人的多种技能,提供的优质视频可能改善学习方

式,这些都是智能手机有价值的东西。

D.苹果公司推的“要求购买”“位置共享”等措施,并未从根本上解决青少年手机上瘾的问题。

6.如何看待青少年过度使用智能手机的问题?请结合材料分条说明,并概述科技公司解决此类问题所采取的措施。

【答案】

4.A

5.A

6.(1)①过度使用智能手机会减少睡眠时长和降低睡眠质量,甚至会导致精神健康问题。②过度使用智能手机会对青少年身心健康产生威胁,但相比家庭冲突和其他社会问题并非主要因素。

(2)科技公司对于某些软件程序或者其它电子产品,设计成能让家长监控的模式,对某些容易上瘾的程序做好设置。

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雅思阅读模拟试题及答案解析(2)

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