初中常用英语词根词缀
- 格式:doc
- 大小:31.50 KB
- 文档页数:5
一、常见的词根, abil=able能够ability,able,disable,enable=do 做Actor, actress, activity, action, active, actual, actually, exact, react,=do,做Agent, agency=art艺术Art, article, artist,, aster=star星星Astronomy, astronaut, disaster,, bol=fight打架Ballroom, balloon, symbol=base基础Baseball,, bel=war, fight战争Rebel,, cid=fall落下Casual, casually, occasion, accident,10. cept, ceive, cip, cup=hold抓住accept, except, receive, receipt, principal, =head头Captain, capital,, circle=circle圈Bicycle, recycle, circus,=write写Diction, prediction,=double双Double, doubt, duc=say说Educate, education, reduce, conduct,, fail, fault=err错误=catch捉住Offer, infer, different, difference, prefer, suffer,=flow流动Fluent, fluency, influence,, fort=strongForce, forceful, effort, comfortable, discomfortable=shape形状Formal, inform, information, reform, transform, uniform, perform, performance,, friger=cold冷Refrigerator,=pour倒Confuse, confusion, refuse,, gister=carry, bring搬运Suggest, suggestion,=step, grade阶段Grade, graduate, gradual, centigrade,, gram=write,写Photograph, telegraph, program, diagram26. grat, gree=pleasing,满意Gratitude, grateful, grace, agreement, disagree,=go, walk走Progress,28. Habit=do well做Habit,29. Hap=chance机会Perhaps, happen, happy, happiness,, lig=choose, gather,收集Collect, collection, elect, neglect, select, 31. Long=leng长度Belong, length,, manu=hand手Manage, manager, maintain,=sigh, 标记1111Marked, remark, landmark, bookmark,=memory记忆Memory, memorize, remember,=mind介意,想法mention, comment, remind, mit=send, cast投送Dismiss, promise,=mode, manner举止Modest, model, modern=deny否定Neglect, negative,, port=part, divide,分割Apartment, depart, department, partner,=pass through通过Passage, passenger, passport,, pens=hang悬挂Depend, independent, spend,=try尝试Experiment, experience,=flat平坦Plate, platform,=fold折叠Apply, reply, supply,, punct=point, make sharp, 尖,尖端pointed, pointer, appoint, appointment, disappoint,=state, city城市,地区,国家Police, policy, politics,, publ=people人们Population, popular, public, publish,=carry运送export, support, transport,=press按压Pressure, compress, express, expression, impressive, =first, chief,第一,主要Primary, primer,, =take拿取Surprise,, quir, quis, quer=seek, search,搜索Quest, inquest, question, request, conquer, , qui=still 安静Quiet, quietly, quickly=free自由Quit,=salt盐Salt, salty, salad, salary,=know知道Science, scientist, scientific,, sent=feel感觉Sense, sensible, nonsense,=serve, keep保持Service, servant, deserve, observe,=sit,坐President, consider,=mark,标记Signal, assign, assignment, design,站立Assist, assistant, consist, exist,,summ=add up添加Sum, summit, summary, summarize,=far远的Telegraph, telephone, television,二. 常见的前缀1.表示否定意义的前缀1)纯否定前缀dis- ,dishonest, dislikeim-, ir-,impossible, irregularne-, n-, none, neither, nevernon-, nonsense2222neg-, neglectun- unable, unemployment2)表示错误的意义mis-, mistake, mislead,3)表示反动作的意思de-, defend,un-, unload, uncover2. 表示空间位置,方向关系的前缀a-在…之上,向…”aboard, aside, above,en-, 表示“在内,进入”encage, enjoy, enrich, ex-, 表示“外部,外”exit, expand, export, except,fore- “在前面”forehead, foreground,in-, il-, im-(用于b,m,p之前), ir-, 表示“向内,在内,背于”inside, importinter-,表示“在……间,相互”international, interaction, internetintro-, 表示“向内,在内,内侧”introduce, introductionmid-, 表示“中,中间”midnight,out-, 表示“在上面,在外部,在外”outline, outside, outwardover-, 表示“在上面,在外部,向上”overlook, overhead, overboardpre-, 表示"在前”在前面”prefix, preface, preparepro-, 表示“在前,向前”progress, proceed, sub-, 表示“在下面,下”subway,super-, sur-, 表示“在…..之上” surface, supermarket, superman,trans-, 表示“移上,转上,在那一边”translate, transform,under-, 表示“在…..下面,下的”underline, underground, underwaterup-, 表示“向上,向上面,在上”upward, uphill(上坡)upstairs,3. 表示时间,序列关系的前缀fore-, 表示“在前面,先前,前面” forecast, foretellmid-,表示“中,中间”midnight, midsu mmer post-"表示“在后,后”postwar,pre-, 表示“在前,事先,预先” prewar, prehistoryre-, 表示“再一次,重新”retell, rewrite,repeat,4. 表示比较程度差别关系的前缀over-,表示“超过,过度,太”overeat, oversleep 5. 表示共同,相等意思的前缀co- 表示“共同,一起”。
connect, collect, sym-,表示“同,共,和,类” sympathy6. 表示整个完全意思的前缀al- 表示“完整,完全”alone, almost, overall over-表示“完全,全”overall, overflow(充满) 7. 表示分离,离开意思的前缀a-,表示“分离,离开” away, apart, abstain de- 表示“离去,处去”depart,8. 表示通过,遍及意思的前缀per-, pel-,通,总,遍perfect, perform, trans-,横过,贯通transparent, transport9. 表示加强意思的前缀a-, arouse, ashamedad-, adjoin,10. 表示变换词类作用的前缀be-, befriend,en-, enable, enrichad-, at-, adapt, attend, attract,11. 表示数量关系的前缀twi-,表示“二,两,双” twincenti-,表示"百,百分之一"centimeterkilo-,表示"千,千分之一kilometer3333micro-,表示"万,万分之一” microvolt13. 表示术语的前缀aud-, 表示“听,声”audience,bio-, 表示“生命,生物”biography(传记)ge-, 表示“地球,大地”geographyphon-, “声,音调”phone, phonographtele-, 表示“远离”television, telephone三. 常见的后缀1. 名词后缀(1) 具有某种职业或动作的人-an, -ian,…地方的人American,-ant,-ent, "…者” agent, servant, student,-ar, "……的人” scholar, liar,-ary, "从事……的人" secretary,-ant, "具有…责的人" graduate-ator, "做……的人" educator,-ee, "动作承受者" employee, examinee-eer, "从事于…人" engineer, volunteer-er, 表示"从事某种职业的人, 某地区人" banker, observer, Londoner, villager-ese, 表示"…国人,”Japanese, Chinese-ess, 阴性人称名词, actress, hostess,-ian, 表示"…地方人,信仰….教的人,从事…职业的人”Christian, musician-ist, 表示"从事…研究者,信仰…主义者" pianist, dentist, artist, chemist-or, 表示"…者" author, doctor, operator,-yer, 表示" 从事……职业者” lawyer(2). 构成,具有抽象名词的含义-age, 表示"状态,行为,身份及其结果,总称" courage, storage, marriage-ance, -ence表示"性质,状况,行为,过程,总量,程度” importance, diligence, difference, -ancy, -ency, 表示"性质,状态,行为,过程" frequency, urgency, -bility, 表示"动作,性质,状态" possibility, -craft, 表示"工艺,技巧” woodcraft, handicraft, statecraft(治国策)-dom, 表示"等级,领域,状态" freedom, kingdom, wisdom-faction, -facture, 表示"做成,……化,作用" satisfaction,-hood, 表示"资格,身份, 年纪,状态" childhood, manhood,-ice, 表示"行为,性质,状态" notice, justice, service-ine, "带有抽象概念" medicine,-ing, "动作过程结果" building, writing,-ion, -sion, -tion, -ation, -ition, "行为的过程,结果,状况" action, solution, conclusion, expression, correction-ment, 表示"行为,状态,过程,手段及其结果treatment, movement, judgment, punishment, argument-ness, 表示"性质,状态,程度" goodness, kindness, , friendliness-or, "动作,性质,状态" favor, error,-ship, 情况,性质,技巧,技能及身份,职业hardship, membership, friendship-th, 表示"动作,性质,过程,状态" depth, wealth, truth, length, growth-tude, "性质,状态,程度" altitude-ure, "行为,结果", pressure, failure,-y, 表示"行为的结果,状态,性质”, history, victory,(3) 带有场所,地方的含义-age, 表示"住所,地点" village,-ary, 表示"住所,场地" library,-ory, 表示"工作场所,住处" factory, dormitory, laboratory, observatory4444(4) 带有学术,科技含义-ology, "学论”biology, technology-nomy, "…学术" astronomy, economy,-ery, 表示"学科,技术" chemistry,-y, 表示"……学,术,法” photography, (5) 表示人和事物的总和,集合含义-hood, neighborhood, womanhood(6) 表示物品和物质名称的含义-ing, clothing, matting,-ment, instrument, equipment,(7) 表示“细小”的含义-ling, duckling,-y, baby, doggy2. 形容词后缀(1)带有“属性,倾向,相关”的含义-able, suitable, comfortable,-al, natural, additional, educational-ant, -ent, distant, important, excellent -ar, similar, popular, regular-ice, ical, politic, historic, physical, -ing, moving, touching,-ish, foolish, , selfish-ive, active, impressive,(2) 表示“相象,类似”的含义-ish, boyish, childish-like, manlike, childlike-some, troublesome, handsome(3) 表示“充分的”含义-ful, beautiful, wonderful, helpful,-ous, dangerous, generous, various(4)由某种物质形成,制成或生产的-en, wooden, golden, woolen-fic, scientific(5) 表示方向的含义-ern, eastern, western -ward, downward, forward(6) 表示“倍数”的含义-ble, double,(7) 表示“数量关系”的含义-teen, thirteen,fourteen-ty, fifty,sixty-th, fourth, fiftieth(8) 表示国籍,语种,宗教的含义-an, Roman, European-ese, Chinese,-ish, English, Spanish(9) 表示“比较程度”的含义-er, greater-ish, reddish, yellowish-est, highest-most, foremost, topmost(10)其他的含义-less, 表示否定,countless, wireless3. 动词后缀-ize, ise, 表示"做成,变成, organize-en, 表示"使成为,引起,使有” quicken, weaken, soften,-fy, 表示"使……化, 使成”beautify,-ish, 表示"使,令” finish,-ate, 表示“成为…,处理,作用” separate, operate,4. 副词后缀-ly, possibly, swiftly, simply-ward, -wards, downward, upward-ways, always, sideways,-wise, otherwise, clockwise5555。