某中型货车悬架总成设计
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四川理工学院毕业设计
某中型货车悬架总成设计
学 生：
学 号：
专 业：机械设计制造及其自动化
班 级：车辆2008.3
指导教师：
四川理工学院机械工程学院
二O一二年六月
I
摘要
悬架是保证车轮或车桥与汽车承载系统之间具有弹性联系并能传递载荷、缓和冲击、衰减振动以及调节汽车行驶中的车身位置等有关装置的总称。悬架最主要的功能是传递作用在车轮和车架之间的一切力和力矩，并缓和汽车行驶过不平路面时所产生的冲击，衰减由此引起的承载系统的振动，以保证汽车行驶的平顺性。
尽管一百多年以来汽车悬架从结构形式到作用原理一直在不断地演进，但从结构功能而言它都是由弹性元件、减振装置和导向机构三部分组成。在有些情况下，某一零件部件兼起两种或三种作用，比如钢板弹簧兼起弹性元件及导向机构的作用。
本文讨论了汽车悬架的发展现状，对悬架的结构形式进行简单介绍，对影响悬架运动的各种因素进行分析，主要对中型货车板簧悬架的主要参数进行设计计算，包括中型货车前桥钢板弹簧、后桥复合式钢板弹簧、汽车减振器参数的选择计算和横向稳定杆的设计计算。为进一步设计板簧悬架提供了较有价值的资料。
关键词：悬架；钢板弹簧；减振器
II Abstract
Suspension involves some related components, which exist to guarantee elastic
contact between wheels or axle and the carrying system. It also has a great
contribution in transferring the load, cushioning the impact, attenuating vibration, and
regulating the position of the body of the running car. Apart from the transformation
of force and moment between wheels and frame, it help cushion the impact when
uneven road surface is encountered, undermine the following vibration of carrying
system, and as a result, provide a great possibility of smoothly running.
Despite one hundred year of constant evolution from structure to function,
suspension is always made up by elastic component、vibration-absorbing appliance
and guide mechanism. There will always be some occasion when one component
plays two or more important roles at the same time. For example, plate spring can do
some job which should be the duty of elastic component or guide mechanism.
This paper discusses the current development of vehicle suspension, gives a brief
introduction of the structural form of suspension, analyze factors which have
influence on suspension movement. The major part of this paper are calculation and
design of leaf spring on front axle of medium truck、combined leaf spring on rear axle,
stabilizer bar, as well as choosing the parameters of shock absorber. All of these are
preconditions to further design of suspension with leaf spring.
Keywords: Suspension; leaf spring; shock absorber
III
目 录
摘要................................................................................................................................. I
Abstract ........................................................................................................................ II
第1章 绪论 ............................................................................................................... 1
第2章 总体设计 ....................................................................................................... 1
2.1 轴数、驱动形式、布置形式 .................................................................................................... 2
2.2 汽车主要参数设计 ................................................................................................................... 2
2.2.1主要尺寸 .......................................................................................................................... 2
2.2.2进行汽车轴荷分配 .......................................................................................................... 2
第3章 悬架系统的结构与分析 ............................................................................... 3
3.1 非独立悬架................................................................................................................................ 3
3.1.1非独立式悬架简介 .......................................................................................................... 3
3.1.2非独立式悬架特点 .......................................................................................................... 3
3.1.3 钢板弹簧式非独立悬架 ................................................................................................. 3
3.2 独立悬架.................................................................................................................................... 3
3.3 悬架主要参数的确定 ................................................................................................................ 4
3.3.1悬架的静挠度 .................................................................................................................. 4
3.3.2悬架的动挠度 .................................................................................................................. 5
3.3.3悬架主，副簧刚度的分配 .............................................................................................. 5
第4章 前悬架系统设计 ........................................................................................... 8
4.1钢板弹簧的设计计算 ................................................................................................................. 8
4.1.1 初选参数 ......................................................................................................................... 8
