2005考研英语一真题答案解析
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2005年考研英语一阅读理解解析摘要:1.解析2005年考研英语一阅读理解的文章特点2.分析文章主题及难点3.提供解题技巧和策略4.总结如何提高阅读理解能力正文:一、解析2005年考研英语一阅读理解的文章特点2005年考研英语一阅读理解部分共有四篇文章,分别是自然科学、社会科学、人文科学和商业经济类文章。
本文将以其中一篇为例,分析其文章结构、难易程度和考查点。
二、分析文章主题及难点以2005年考研英语一阅读理解第一篇文章为例,该文章探讨了全球化对美国制造业的影响。
文章通过对比过去和现在的制造业状况,指出全球化使得美国制造业面临巨大的竞争压力,许多企业不得不调整战略以应对这一挑战。
文章中的难点包括一些专有名词和长难句,需要考生具备较强的词汇和语法功底。
三、提供解题技巧和策略1.浏览题干,确定文章主题和考查点。
在开始阅读文章之前,先浏览一遍题干,了解文章的主题和考查点,以便在阅读过程中有针对性地寻找答案。
2.抓住文章主旨和段落大意。
在阅读过程中,注意把握文章的主旨和各段落的大意,这将有助于理解文章的结构和逻辑关系。
3.善于寻找关键词和信号词。
在解题时,注意寻找文章中的关键词和信号词,如转折词、因果关系词等,这些词语往往有助于找到答案。
4.分析选项,排除干扰项。
在做题时,要对选项进行仔细分析,排除那些与文章内容不符或语法错误的选项。
四、总结如何提高阅读理解能力1.扩大词汇量。
词汇是阅读理解的基础,要想提高阅读能力,首先要扩大词汇量。
可以通过背单词书、阅读英文文章、观看英文电影等方式来积累词汇。
2.加强语法学习。
语法是阅读理解的基石,掌握基本的语法知识有助于更好地理解文章。
3.培养阅读习惯。
每天花一定时间阅读英文文章,逐渐提高阅读速度和理解能力。
4.做真题练习。
通过做历年考研英语真题,了解考试题型和考查重点,提高应试能力。
5.学习解题技巧。
掌握一定的解题技巧和方法,提高答题效率。
总之,要提高考研英语阅读理解能力,需要长期积累、不断练习。
2016 年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语(一)试题Section IUse of EnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDon theANSWERSHEET.(10 points)InCambodia,thechoiceofaspouseisacomplexonefortheyoungmale.Itmay involvenot onlyhisparentsandhisfriends, 1 thoseoftheyoungwoman,butalsoamatchmaker.A young man can 2 a likelyspouse on his own and then ask his parents to 3 the marriagenegotiations,ortheyoungman’sparentsmaymakethechoiceofaspouse,givingthechildlittle tosayintheselection. 4 ,agirlmayvetothespouseherparentshavechosen. 5 aspouse hasbeen selected, each familyinvestigates the other to make sure its childismarrying 6 a good family.Thetraditionalweddingisa longandcolorfulaffair.Formerly itlastedthreedays, 7 bythe1980sitmorecommonlylastedaday andahalf.Buddhistpriestsofferashortsermonand8 prayers ofblessing. Parts of the ceremonyinvolve ritual hair cutting, 9 cotton threads soakedinholywateraroundthebride’sandgroom’swrists,and 10 acandlearoundacircleofhappilymarriedandrespectedcouplestoblessthe 11 .Newlywedstraditionallymovein withthewife’s parentsandmay 12 withthemuptoayear, 13 theycanbuildanew house nearby.Divorceislegalandeasyto 14 ,butnotcommon.Divorcedpersonsare 15 with somedisapproval.Eachspouseretains 16 property heorshe 17 intothe marriage,andjointly-acquired property is 18 equally. Divorced persons may remarry, but a gender prejudice19 up:thedivorcedmale doesn’t haveawaitingperiodbeforehecanremarry20 the woman must waitten months.1. [A] bywayof [B] on behalf of [C] as wellas [D] with regard to2. [A] adapt to [B] provide for [C] compete with [D] decided on3. [A] close [B] renew [C] arrange [D] postpone4. [A]Above all [B] In theory [C] In time [D] For example5. [A]Although [B] Lest [C]After [D] Unless6. [A] into [B] within [C] from [D] through7. [A] since [B] but [C] or [D] so8. [A] copy [B] test [C] recite [D] create9. [A] folding [B] piling [C] wrapping [D] tying10. [A]passing [B] lighting [C] hiding [D] serving11. [A] meeting [B] collection [C] association [D] union12. [A]grow [B] part [C] deal [D] live13. [A] whereas [B] until [C] if [D] for14. [A]obtain [B] follow [C] challenge [D] avoid15. [A] isolated [B] persuaded [C] viewed [D] exposed16. [A] whatever [B] however [C] whenever [D] wherever17. [A]changed [B] brought [C]shaped [D] pushed18. [A] withdrawn [B] invested [C] donated [D] divided19. [A]breaks [B] warns [C] shows [D] clears20. [A] so that [B] while [C] once [D] in thatSection IIReading ComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextby choosingA,B,Cor D. Mark your answerson theANSWERSHEET.(40 points)Text 1France,whichpridesitselfastheglobalinnovatoroffashion,hasdecideditsfashion industry haslostanabsoluterighttodefinephysicalbeautyforwomen.Itslawmakersgavepreliminary approvallastweektoalawthatwouldmakeitacrimetoemployultra-thinmodelsonrunways. Theparliamentalsoagreedtobanwebsitesthat―inciteexcessivethinnes s‖byp romotingext reme dieting.Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives. Theysuggestbeautyshould notbe defined bylooks thatend up impinging onhealth.That’sastart.And thebanonultra-thinmodels seems to gobeyondprotectingmodelsfromstarvingthemselvestodeath–assomehavedone.Ittellsthe fashionindustry thatitmusttakeresponsibility forthesignalitsendswomen,especially teenage girls, about the social tape-measure theymustuse to determine their individual worth.Thebans,iffully enforced,wouldsuggesttowomen(andmany men)thattheyshouldnotlet othersbearbitersoftheirbeauty.Andperhapsfaintly,they hintthatpeopleshouldlookto intangible qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their wayto size zero or wasp-waistphysiques.TheFrenchmeasures,however,rely toomuchonseverepunishmenttochangeaculturethat stillregardsbeautyasskin-deep–andbone-showing.Underthelaw,usingafashionmodelthat doesnotmeetagovernment-definedindexofbodymasscouldresultina$85,000fineandsixmonths in prison.The fashionindustryknows ithas an inherentproblemin focusing on materialadornmentand idealizedbody types.InDenmark,theUnitedStates,andafewothercountries,itistryingtoset voluntary standards for models and fashion images that rely more on peer pressure for enforcement.Incontrastto France’sactions,Denmark’sfashionindustry agreedlastmonthonrulesand sanctionsregardingtheage, health,andothercharacteristicsofmodels.Thenewly revisedDanish FashionEthicalCharterclearly states:―Weareawareofandtakeresponsibility fortheim pact therter’smaintool of enforcementis fashionindustryhasonbodyideals,especially onyoungpeopl e.‖Thechato denyaccessfor designers and modeling agencies to Copenhagen FashionWeek(CFW), which is run by the Danish Fashion Institute. But in general it relies on a name-and-shamemethod of compliance.Relyingon ethicalpersuasionratherthanlawto address themisuseofbodyidealsmaybethebeststep.Evenbetterwouldbetohelpelevatenotionsofbeautybeyondthematerialstandardsof a particular industry.21.According to the firstparagraph, what wouldhappen in France? [A]New runways would be constructed.[B]Physicalbeautywould be redefined.[C]W ebsites aboutdietingwould thrive.[D]The fashion industrywould decline.22.Thephrase ―impinging on‖(Line 2, Para.2) is closest in meaning to .[A] heightening the value of[B] indicating the state of[C] losing faith in[D] doingharmto23.Which of the following is true of the fashion industry?[A] Newstandards arebeingset in Denmark.[B]The French measures have alreadyfailed. [C]Models areno longerunderpeerpressure. [D] Itsinherentproblems aregetting worse.24.Adesigner is most likelyto be rejected byCFWfor .[A] pursuingperfectphysicalconditions[B] caring too much aboutmodel’scharacter[C] showing little concern for health factors[D] setting a high age threshold for models25.Which of the following maybe the best title of the text?[A]AChallengeto the Fashion Industry’sBodyIdeals[B]ADilemma for the Starving Models in France[C] JustAnotherRoundof Struggle for Beauty[D]TheGreatThreats to theFashion IndustryText2Forthefirsttimeinhistorymorepeopleliveintownsthaninthecountry.InBritainthishaslongsidetheroyalfamily, hadacuriousresult.Whilepollsshow B rit onsrate―thecountryside‖aShakespeareandthe National HealthService(NHS)aswhatmakesthemproudestoftheircountry, this has limited politicaltraction.A centuryagoOctaviaHilllaunchedtheNationalTrustnottorescuestylishhousesbuttoIt was specifically toprovide city save―thebeautyof naturalplacesforeveryone forever‖.Hill’spressure dwellerswithspacesforleisurewheretheycouldexperience―a refreshingair‖.laterledtothecreat ion ofnationalparksandgreenbelts.Theydon’tmake countrysideanym ore, and everyyearconcrete consumesmore of it.Itneedsconstantguardianship.Atthenextelectionnoneofthebigpartiesseemlikely toendorsethissentiment.The Conservatives’planningreformexplicitlygivesruraldevelopmentpriorityoverconservation, evenauthorising―off-pl an‖b uildingwherelocalpeoplemightobject.Theconceptofsustainable bourlikewisewantstodiscontinuelocalplanning wherecouncilsopposedevelopment.TheLiberalDemocratsaresilent.Only Ukip,sensingits chance,hassidedwiththose pleadingforamoreconsideredapproachtousinggreenland.Nigel Farage’sspeechthisyeartotheCampaigntoProtec tRuralEngandstruckterrorintomanylocal Conservative parties.The sensible place tobuild newhouses, factories and offices is where people are, in cities and townswhereinfrastructureisinplace.TheLondonagentsStirlingAckroydrecently identified enough sitesforhalfa millionhousesinthe Londonareaalone, withnointrusion ongreen belt. What is true ofLondon is even truerof the provinces.ispurelobby talk.The issue i sls―co ncretedmeadow s‖ Theideathat―housing crisis‖ equanottheneedformorehousesbut,asalways,wheretoputthem.Underlobby pressure,George Osbornefavoursruralnew-buildagainst urbanrenovationandrenewal. Hefavoursout-of-town shoppingsitesagainst high streets.Thisisnotafreemarketbutabiasedone.Ruraltownsand villageshavegrownandwillalwaysgrow.Theydosobestwherebuildingstickstotheiredges andrespectstheircharacter.W edonotruinurbanconservationareasinthisway.Why ruinrural ones?Developmentshouldbeplanned,notletrip.AftertheNetherlands,BritainisEurope’smost crowdedcountry.Halfacentury oftownandcountryplanninghasenabledittoretainanenviable rural coherence, while still permitting low-density urban living. There is no doubt of the alternative–thecorruptedlandscapesofsouthernPortugal,SpainorIreland.Avoidingthisratherthan promoting itshould unite the leftand rightof the politicalspectrum.26. Britain’spublic sentimentabout the countryside _.[A] didn’tstart tillthe Shakespearean age[B] has broughtmuch benefit to the NHS[C] is fullybacked bythe royal family [D]is not well reflected in politics27.According toParagraph2, the achievements of the NationalTrustare nowbeing .[A] graduallydestroyed[B] effectivelyreinforced[C] largelyovershadowed[D] properlyprotected28. which of the following can be inferred fromParagraph 3?[A] Labour is under attack for opposing development.[B]TheConservativesmayabandon―off-plan‖building.[C]The LiberalDemocrats are losing political influence. [D]Ukip maygain from its support for ruralconservation.29.Theauthor holds thatGeorge Osborne’s Preference.[A] highlights his firmstand against lobbypressure[B] shows his disregard for the characterof ruralareas [C]stresses the necessityofeasing the housing crisis [D]reveals a strong prejudice againsturbanareas30. In the lastparagraph, theauthor shows his appreciation of .[A] the size ofpopulation inBritain.[B] the political life in today’sBritain[C] the enviable urban lifestyle in Britain[D] the town-and-countryplanning inBritainText3“Thereisoneandonlyonesocialresponsibility of business,‖wroteMi ltonFriedman,a Nobel prize-winning economist.―Thatis,touse itsresourcesandengageinactivitiesdesignedto increase itsprofit s.‖ B utevenif you acceptFri edman'spremise andregardcorporate social responsibility(CSR)policiesasawasteofshareholders'money,thingsmaynotbeabsolutelyclear-cut.NewresearchsuggeststhatCSRmaycreatemonetaryvalueforcompanies—atleast when theyare prosecuted for corruption.The largest firms in America andBritain togetherspendmore than $15 billion a yearon CSR, accordingtoanestimatelastyearby EPG,aconsultingfirm.Thiscouldaddvaluetotheir businessesinthree ways.First,consumers maytakeCSRspendingasa―s ignal‖thatacompany's productsareofhighquality.Second,customersmaybewillingtobuy acompany'sproductsasan indirectway todonatetothe go odcausesithelps.Andthird,throughamorediffuse―ha l oeffect‖,wherebyits good deeds earnitgreaterconsideration fromconsumers and others.PreviousstudiesonCSRhavehadtroubledifferentiatingtheseeffectsbecauseconsumers canbeaffectedbyallthree.A recentpaperattemptstoseparatethembylookingatbribery prosecutionsunder America'sForeignCorrupt Practices Act(FCPA).Itarguesthatsince prosecutorsdonotconsumeacompany'sproductsaspartoftheirinvestigations,theycouldbe influenced onlybythe halo effect.Thestudy foundthat,amongprosecutedfirms,thosewiththemostcomprehensiveCSR programmestendedtogetmorelenientpenalties.Theiranalysisruledoutthepossibilitythatitwasfirms'politicalinfluence,ratherthantheir CSRstance,thataccountedfortheleniency: companies thatcontributed more to politicalcampaigns did not receive lower fines.Inall,theauthorsconcludethatwhereasprosecutorsshouldonly evaluateacasebasedonits merits,theydo se em tobeinfluencedby acompany'srecordinCS R.―Weestimate that either eliminating a substantial labour-rights concern, such as child labour, or increasing corporate givingbyabout20%resultsinfinesthatgenerallyare40%lowerthanthetypicalpunishmentforbribingaysone researcher.foreignofficial s,‖sResearchersadmitthattheirstudydoesnotanswerthequestionofhowmuchbusinesses oughttospendon CSR. Nordoes itrevealhowmuch companiesarebankingonthehaloeffect, ratherthantheotherpossiblebenefits,whentheydecidetheirdo-goodingpolicies.Butatleast they havedemonstratedthatwhencompaniesgetinto troublewiththelaw,evidenceofgood charactercan win thema less costlypunishment.31.Theauthor views Milton Friedman’sstatementaboutCSRwith _.[A] tolerance [B] skepticism [C] uncertainty [D] approval32.According toParagraph2, CSRhelps a companyby_ .[A] winning trust fromconsumers[B] guardingitagainstmalpractices [C]protecting it frombeing defamed [D]raising the qualityof its products33.Theexpression ―more lenient‖(Line 2,Para. 4) is closest in meaning to .[A] more effective[B] less controversial[C] less severe[D] more lasting34.Whenprosecutors evaluate a case, a compa ny’s CSRrecord .[A] has an impacton their decision[B] comes acrossas reliable evidence[C] increases the chanceof being penalized[D] constitutes partof the investigation35.Which of the following is true ofCSR, according to the lastparagraph? [A]Its negative effects on businesses are often overlooked.[B]The necessaryamountof companies’spendingon it is unknown.[C] Companies’financialcapacityfor ithas been overestimated.[D] Ithas broughtmuch benefit to the banking industry.Text4Therewilleventually comeaday whenTheNewY orkTimesceasestopublishstorieson newsprint.Exactlywhenthatdaywillbeisamatterofdebate."Sometimeinthefuture,"the paper's publisher said back in 2010.Nostalgiaforinkonpaperandtherustleofpagesaside,there'splenty ofincentivetoditch print.Theinfrastructurerequiredtomakea physicalnewspaper—printingpresses,delivery trucks—isn'tjustexpensive;it'sexcessiveatatimewhenonline-only competitorsdon'thavethe same setof financialconstraints. Readers are migrating awayfromprintanyway. And though printad salesstilldwarf their online and mobile counterparts, revenue fromprint is stilldeclining.Overheadmaybehighandcirculationmaybelower,butrushingtoeliminateitsprintedition would be a mistake, says BuzzFeed CEOJonahPeretti.Perettisaysthe Times shouldn'twastetimegettingoutoftheprintbusiness,butonlyifthey goaboutdoing ittherightway."Figuringoutawaytoacceleratethattransitionwouldmakesense forthem,"hesaid,"butifyoudiscontinueit,you'regoingtohaveyourmostloyalcustomers reallyupset withyou."Sometimesthat'sworthmakingachange anyway.PerettigivestheexampleofNetflix discontinuingits DVD-mailingservicetofocusonstreaming.* "Itwasseenasa blunder,"hesaid. Themoveturnedouttobeforesighted.AndifPerettiwereinchargeat The NewY orkTimes?"Iwouldn’tpickayeartoendprint," hesaid."I wouldraisepricesandmakeitintomoreofalegacyproduct."Themostloyalcustomerswouldstillgettheproductthey favor,theideagoes,andthey'dfeel liketheywerehelpingsustainthequalityofsomethingtheybelievein."Soifyou'reoverpaying for print,you could feel like you were helping,"Perettisaid. "Then increase itas ahigher rate each yearandessentially try togenerateadditionalrevenue." Inotherwords,ifyou'regoingtomakea printproduct,makeitforthepeoplewhoarealready obsessedwithit.Whichmaybewhatthe Times is doing already. Getting the print edition seven days a week costs nearly $500 a year—more than twice asmuch asadigital-onlysubscription."It'sareallyhardthingtodoandit'satremendousluxurythatBuzzFeeddoesn'thavea legacy business," Perettiremarked."Butwe'regoingtohavequestionslikethatwherewehavethingswe'redoingthatdon'tmakesensewhen themarketchangesandthe worldchanges.Inthose situations, it's better to be more aggressive than less aggressive."36. TheNewY orkTimes is considering ending its printedition partlydue to .[A] the highcostof operation[B] the pressure fromits investors[C] the complaints fromits readers[D] the increasingonline adsales37.Perettisuggests that, in face of the present situation, the Times should _.[A] seeknewsourcesof readership[B] end theprinteditionfor good [C]aimfor efficientmanagement [D]make strategic adjustments38. Itcan be inferred fromParagraphs 5and 6thata ―legacyproduct‖.[A] helps restore thegloryofformer times[B] is meant for the mostloyalcustomers[C] willhave the costof printing reduced[D] expands the popularityof the paper39.Perettibelieves that, in a changing world _.[A] legacybusinesses are becoming outdated[B] cautiousness facilitates problem-solving[C] aggressiveness bettermeets challenges [D]traditional luxuries can stayunaffected40.Whichof the following would be thebest title of the text? [A]Shift to Online NewspapersAllatOnce[B] Cherish the NewspaperStillinY ourHand[C] MakeY ourPrint Newspapera LuxuryGood[D] KeepY ourNewspapersForever inFashionPartBDirections:Readthefollowingtextsandanswerthequestionsby choosingthemostsuitablesubheadingfrom thelistA-Gforeachofthe numberedparagraphs(41-45).Therearetwoextrasubheadings.Mark your answerson theANSWERSHEET.(10points)[A] Createa new image ofyourself[B] Have confidence in yourself[C] Decide if the time is right [D]Understand thecontext[E]W ork with professionals[F] Make itefficient[G] Knowyour goalsNomatterhowformalorinformaltheworkenvironment,thewayyoupresentyourselfhasanimpact.Thisisespeciallytrueinfirstimpressions.Accordingtoresearchfrom Princeton University,peopleassessyourcompetence,trustworthiness,andlikeability injustatenthofa second, solelybased on thewayyou look.raisthat therangeof Thedifferencebetweentoday’sworkplaceandthe―dress f orsuccess‖eoptions is so much broader.Norms have evolved and fragmented. In some settings, red sneakersor dresst-shirtscanconvey status;inothersnotsomuch. Plus,whateverimagewepresentis magnifiedbysocial-mediaserviceslikeLinkedIn.Chancesare,yourheadshotsareseenmuch lennials,itseems,facetheparadoxofbeingthe least formalgenerationyet the mostconscious ofstyle and personalbranding. Itcanbe confusing. Sohowdowenavigatethis?Howdoweknowwhentoinves tinanupgrade?Andwhat’sthebes twayto pulloff one thatenhancesour goals?Here are some tips:41.A sanexecutivecoach,I’ve seen imageupgradesbeparticularlyhelpfulduringt ransitions—whenlookingfora newjob,steppingintoanewormorepublicrole,orchangingwork einaperiodofchangeorjustfeelingstuckandinarut,nowmaybeagood environments.Ifyou’rtime.Ifyou’renotsure,askforhonestfeedbackfromtrustedfriends,colleaguesandpr ofes sional s. Lookforcues abouthowothersperceiveyou.Maybe there’snoneedforanupgradeandt hat’sOK.42.ehoping tohave.Areyoulookingtorefreshyourimageor Getclearonwhatimpactyou’rpivot it? For one person, the goal may be to be taken more seriously and enhance their professionalimage.Foranother,itmaybetobeperceivedasmoreapproachable,or moremodern andstylish.Forsomeonemovingfromfinancetoadvertising,maybetheywanttolookmore―SoH o.‖(It’sOK tousecharacterizationslikethat.)43.Look at your work environment like an anthropologist. What are the norms of your environment?What conveysstatus?Whoareyourmostimportant audiences?How dothepeople yourespectandlookuptopresentthemselves?Thebetteryouunderstandthe culturalcontext,the more controlyou can have overyour impact.44.Enlistthesupportofprofessionalsandsharewiththemyourgoalsandcontext.Hireapersonalstylist, or use the free styling service ofa store like J·Crew·Trya hair stylist instead ofa barber. Work with aprofessional photographerinstead of your spouseorfriend. It’snot asexpensive asyoumight think.45.Thepointofastyleupgradeisn’ttobecomemorevainortospendmoretimefussing overwhattowear.Instead,useitasanopportunity toreducedecisionfatigue.Pickastandardwork uniformorafewgo-tooptions.Buyallyourclothesatoncewithastylistinsteadofshopping alone, onearticle ofclothing ata time.PartCDirections:Readthefollowingtextcarefully andthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.Y our translation should be written neatlyon theANSWERSHEET.(10 points)Mentalhealthisourbirthright.(46)Wedon’t have to learn how tobementallyhealthy;itisbuiltintousinthesamewaythatourbodiesknowhowtohealacutormendabro ken bone. Mentalhealthcan’tbe learned,onlyreawakened.Itisliketheimmunesystemofthebody,which understressorthroughlackofnutritionorexercisecanbeweakened,butwhichneverleavesus. When wedon’tunderstandthe valueofmentalhealth a ndwedon’tknowhowto gainac cess toit, mentalhealthwillremainhiddenfromus.(47)Our mental health doesn’t really goanywhere; likethesunbehindacloud,itcanbetemporarilyhiddenfromview,butitisfully capableofbeingrestored in an instant.Mentalhealthistheseedthatcontainsself-esteem—confidenceinourselvesandanability to trust inourcommonsense.Itallowsustohaveperspectiveonourlives—theability tonottake ourselvestooseriously,tolaughatourselves,toseethebiggerpicture,andtoseethat thingswill workout.I t’saformofinnateor un learned optimism.(48)Mentalhealthallowsustoviewotherswithsympathy ifthey are having troubles, with kindness if they are in pain, and with unconditionallovenomatterwhothey are.Mentalhealthisthesourceofcreativityforsolving problems,resolvingconflict,makingoursurroundingsmorebeautiful,managingourhomelife,or comingupwithacreativebusinessideaorinventiontomakeourliveseasier.It givesuspatience for ourselves and toward others as wellaspatience whiledriving, catching a fish, working on our car,orraisingachild.Itallowsustoseethebeautythatsurroundsuseachmomentinnature,inculture, in the flowof our dailylives.(49)Althoughmentalhealthisthecure-allforlivingourlives,itisperfectly ordinaryasyouwillseethatithasbeentheretodirectyouthroughallyourdifficultdecisions.Ithasbeen availableeveninthemostmundaneoflifesituationstoshowyourightfromwrong,goodfrombad,friendfromfoe.Mentalhealthhascommonly beencalledconscience,instinct,wisdom, common sense, orthe inner voice. W e thinkof itsimplyas a healthyand helpfulflowof intelligent thought.(50)As youwill cometosee,knowingthat mentalhealthis always availableand knowing to trustitallowus to slowdown to the momentand live life happily.Section IIIWritingPartA51.Directions:Supposeyouarealibrarianinyouruniversity.Writeanoticeofabout100words,providing the newly-enrolled internationalstudents with relevant information about the library.Y ou should write neatlyontheANSWERSHEET.i nstead.Do not sign your own nameat the end of the e―L iMing‖ Do not write the address. (10 points)PartA52.Directions:Write an essayof 160-200 words basedon the followingpictures. Inyour essay,you should1) describe the pictures briefly,2) interpret the meaning, and3) giveyour comments.Y ou should write neatlyon theANSWERSHEET. (20 points)2016年考研英语一真题参考答案UseofEnglish1. [C] as wellas2. [D] decided on3. [C] arrange4. [B] In theory5. [C]After6. [A] into7. [B] but8. [C] recite9. [D] tying10. [A]passing11. [D] union12. [D] live13. [B] until14. [A]obtain15. [C] viewed16. [A] whatever17. [B] brought18. [D]divided19. [C] shows20. [B] whileReading ComprehensionPartAText121. [B]Physicalbeautywould be redefined.22. [D]doing harmto23. [A]Newstandards are being set in Denmark.24. [C] showing little concern for health factors25. [A]AChallenge to the Fashion Industry’sBodyIdealsText226. [D] is not well reflected in politics27. [A]graduallydestroyed28. [D]Ukip maygain from its support for ruralconservation.29. [D] reveals a strongprejudice againsturban areas30. [D] thetown-and-countryplanning in BritainText331. [B] skepticism32. [A] winning trust fromconsumers33. [C] less severe34. [A]has an impacton their decision35. [B]The necessaryamountof companies’spending on it is unknown.Text436. [A] thehigh costof operation37. [D] make strategic adjustments38. [B] is meant for the mostloyalcustomers39. [C] aggressiveness bettermeets challenges40. [C] MakeY ourPrintNewspapera LuxuryGoodPartB41. [C]Decideif the time isright42. [G] Knowyour goals43. [D]Understand the context44. [E]W ork with professionals45. [F] Make itefficientPartC46. 我们并不必学习如何保持心理健康;它与生俱来,正如我们的身体知道如何愈合伤口和修复骨折一样。
2005 年考研英语完形填空真题解析The human nose is an underrated tool. Humans are often thought to be insensitivesmellers compared with animals,1this is largely because,2animals, we stand upright. Thismeans that our noses are 3 to perceiving those smells which float through the air, 4 the majorityof smells which stick to surfaces. In fact, 5 , we are extremely sensitive to smells, 6 we do not generally realize it. Our noses are capable of 7 human smells even when these are 8 to farbelow one part in one million.Strangely, some people find that they can smell one type of flower but not another, 9 others are sensitive to the smells of both flowers. This may be because some people do not have the genes necessary to generate 10 smell receptors in the nose. These receptors are the cells which sense smells and send 11 to the brain. However, it has been found that even people insensitive to a certain smell 12 can suddenly become sensitive to it when 13 to it often enough.The explanation for insensitivity to smell seems to be that the brain finds it 14 to keep all smell receptors working all the time but can 15 new receptors if necessary. This may 16 explain why we are not usually sensitive to our own smells-we simply do not need to be. We are not 17of the usual smell of our own house, but we 18 new smells when we visit someone else's. The brain finds it best to keep smell receptors 19 for unfamiliar and emergency signals 20 the smellof smoke, which might indicate the danger of fire.1.[A] although[B] as[C] but[D] while2.[A] above[B] unlike[C] excluding[D] besides3.[A] limited[B] committed[C] dedicated[D] confined4.[A] catching[B] ignoring[C] missing[D] tracking5.[A] anyway[B] though[C] instead[D] therefore6.[A] even if[B] if only[C] only if[D] as if7.[A] distinguishing[B] discovering[C] determining[D] detecting8.[A] diluted[B] dissolved[C] dispersed[D] diffused9.[A] when[B] since[C] for[D] whereas10.[A] unusual[B] particular[C] unique[D] typical11.[A] signs[B] stimuli[C] messages[D] impulses12.[A] at first[B] at all[C] at large[D] at times13.[A] subjected[B] left[C] drawn[D] exposed14.[A] ineffective[B] incompetent[C] inefficient[D] insufficient15.[A] introduce[B] summon[C] trigger[D] create16.[A] still[B] also[C] otherwise[D] nevertheless17.[A] sure[B] stick[C] aware[D] tired18.[A] tolerate[B] repel[C] neglect[D] notice19.[A] available[B] reliable[C] identifiable[D] suitable20.[A] similar to[B] such as[C] along with[D] aside from文章背景文章的主题是 "人的鼻子 ",作者谈论的中心议题是 "我们常常低估了鼻子的功能。
2005考研英语真题答案2005年考研英语真题是众多考生备战考研的重要资料,通过对真题的分析和解答有助于我们更好地了解考试内容和提升自己的备考效果。
本文将为大家提供2005年考研英语真题的详细解答和答案解析。
Section Ⅰ Use of EnglishPartⅠ1. C) careful2. D) ordinary3. A) atomic4. C) basis5. B) divided6. A) as7. B) deceived8. C) rather9. D) for10. C) while11. A) when12. B) Efforts13. D) properties14. A) impact15. D) currently PartⅡ16. C) provide17. B) evidence18. D) starves19. A) reluctance20. D) In essence21. A) challenges22. B) general23. C) simply24. B) wrong25. C) threatening Part Ⅲ26. C) and27. B) ideas28. C) themselves29. D) preferred30. A) taking31. D) promising32. B) until33. A) establish34. D) do35. B) experiencePart Ⅳ36. manufacturing37. frustrated38. challenge39. squeezed40. neglectedSection Ⅱ Reading ComprehensionPart A41. B) it changes the basic nature of desire.42. D) They create desires and then satisfy them.43. C) the dominance of external objects in consumption.44. D) People always have an inclination to desire more.45. A) They relate it to practical achievements.46. C) They are awakening new needs through advertising.47. A) have realized the importance of desires.48. C) Industrialization plays an important role in consumption.49. B) It encourages people to prefer material things.50. D) about people's dependence on the moods of desire.Part B51. C) The reform of the educational system.52. D) The persisting inequality between urban and rural areas.53. A) They believed that ordinary people would succeed.54. C) Encouraging the population to seek further education.55. A) Hesitations over the potential rewards from education.56. B) Recognize the importance of promoting social equality.57. D) Settle for whatever they could achieve through labor.58. B) The disappointment caused by the success of a few individuals.59. A) The rapid advancement of society.60. D) Lack of educational opportunity for all groups.Part C61. D) Enhancing their chances of winning at slots.62. C) Their potential generosity towards others.63. D) They believe they can exert control over the outcome.64. A) They were given money unambiguous control.65. C) The belief in luck.66. B) greater likelihood of gambling.67. A) It is independent of people's social and educational backgrounds.68. D) Information obtained from research.69. B) The spread of gambling.70. D) Life chances in general.Section Ⅲ WritingPart Ⅳ Translation71. TranslationThis year, China's economic reforms have made remarkable achievements. The country's GDP has increased steadily, and people's lives have significantly improved. However, we should not ignore the environmental problems that have arisen in the process of economic development. For example, air pollution and water pollution have become increasingly serious. In order to achieve sustainable development, the Chinese government has implemented a series of measures to address these issues. It has invested heavily in environmental protection projects and enacted laws and regulations to hold polluters accountable. Additionally, the government has encouraged the use of clean energy and promoted green and low-carbon development. It is believed that with the joint efforts of the government and the public, China's environmental situation will gradually improve, and the people will be able to enjoy a better living environment.72. TranslationWith the rapid development of the Internet, online shopping has gained popularity among consumers. Compared to traditional shopping, online shopping offers convenience and flexibility. People can easily browse and compare products from different sellers and make purchases with just a few clicks. Online shopping also provides a wide range of choices, allowing consumers to find specific items that may not be available in local stores. Furthermore, online shopping often offers discounts and promotional deals, making it a cost-effective option. However, there are also potential risks associated with online shopping, such as the quality of products, the security of personal information, and the reliability of sellers. Therefore, consumers should be cautious and take necessary precautions when making online purchases.以上是2005年考研英语真题的详细解答和答案解析,通过对真题的研究和分析,我们可以更好地了解考试内容和备考重点,从而提高备考效果。
2005年考研英语完形填空真题解析The human nose is an underrated tool. Humans are often thought to be insensitive smellers compared with animals,1this is largely because,2animals, we stand upright. This means that our noses are 3 to perceiving those smells which float through the air,4 the majority of smells which stick to surfaces。
In fact,5 ,we are extremely sensitive to smells, 6 we do not generally realize it. Our noses are capable of 7 human smells even when these are 8 to far below one part in one million.Strangely,some people find that they can smell one type of flower but not another,9 others are sensitive to the smells of both flowers. This may be because some people do not have the genes necessary to generate 10 smell receptors in the nose. These receptors are the cells which sense smells and send 11 to the brain。
2005年英语一考研真题2005年的英语一考研真题是考察考生在英语阅读和写作方面的能力。
以下是对真题内容的分析和解答。
阅读理解第一篇阅读理解文章是关于谚语和俚语的,考察考生对于英语语言的了解和运用能力。
文章介绍了谚语和俚语的定义和功能,并列举了一些常见的例子。
谚语和俚语是一门语言的精华,它们能够简洁而生动地传达出丰富的意义和情感。
掌握了谚语和俚语,我们就能更好地理解和运用英语,增强自己的语言表达能力。
第二篇阅读理解文章是关于马克思主义哲学的,考察对于哲学思想和理论的理解和应用能力。
文章介绍了马克思主义哲学的起源和基本原理,阐述了唯物辩证法和历史唯物主义等重要概念。
马克思主义哲学是一种科学的思想武器,它帮助我们理解社会现象和人类历史的发展规律。
掌握了马克思主义哲学,我们就能更好地分析和解决社会问题,提高自己的思维能力和创新意识。
写作写作部分要求考生根据给出的提示,针对一个话题进行写作。
在这个题目中,我们以“环境保护”为例进行讨论。
环境保护是当今社会面临的重要问题之一。
人类的经济发展和生活方式带来了环境问题的同时,也给我们敲响了警钟。
怎样保护环境、改善生态环境已经成为全人类的共同责任。
以下是一些建议和观点供参考。
首先,政府应该出台更加严格的环境保护法律和政策。
在立法和执法方面加大力度,对环境犯罪行为进行打击和处罚。
同时,加强环境监测和治理,确保环境质量的改善。
其次,公众的环保意识需得到进一步的提高。
通过教育宣传和媒体的力量,增强人们的环境保护意识,培养人们爱护环境的习惯和行为。
此外,倡导绿色消费和可持续发展的生活方式,降低对环境的影响。
第三,加强技术创新和产业转型,推动绿色发展。
发展清洁能源和循环经济,减少污染物的排放和资源的浪费。
推动可持续发展的产业和经济模式,实现经济发展和环境保护的双赢。
最后,国际合作和共同努力是解决环境问题的关键。
全球变暖、气候变化等环境挑战需要各国共同应对。
加强国际合作,分享环保经验和技术,制定共同的环境保护目标和行动计划。
2005年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题答案Section I Use of English (10 points)1-5. CBACB 6-10. ADADB 11-15. CADCD 16-20. BCDABSection II Reading Comprehension (60 points)Part A (40 points) 21-25. CBACB 26-30. CDADB 31-35. ACDDA 36-40. BDABCPart B (10 points) 41-45. ECGFBPart C (10 points)46. 电视是创造和传递感情的手段之一。
也许在此之前,就加强不同的民族和国家之间的联系而言,电视还从来没有像在最近的欧洲事件中起过如此大的作用。
47. 多媒体集团在欧洲就像在其他地方一样越来越成功了。
这些集团把相互关系密切的电视台、电台、报纸、杂志、出版社整合到了一起。
48. 仅这一点就表明在电视行业不是一个容易生存的领域。
这个事实通过统计数字一目了然,统计表明在80家欧洲电视网中1989年出现亏损的不少于50%。
49. 创造一个尊重不同文化和传统的“欧洲统一体”绝非易事,需要战略性选择。
正是这些文化和传统组成了连接欧洲大陆的纽带。
50. 在应付一个如此规模的挑战过程中,我们可以毫不夸张地说,“团结,我们就会站起来;分裂,我们就会倒下去。
”Section Ⅲ Writing (30 points)Part A (10 points) A Letter, to QuitJun 22, 2005 Dear Mr. Wang,First of all, please allow me to express my deep sorry to you for my resignation. I do know that this will bring about much trouble to you so that I write to you for my explanation.I decided to quit for some reasons as follows. To begin with, the job as an editor for the magazine Designs & Fashions is not suitable to me. What’s more, I’m preparing for another degree and I prefer to further my study. Again, I apologize for my resignation to you!I am looking forward to your early reply.Y ours Sincerely,Li Ming Part B (20 points)A Helpless FatherThe picture ironically shows that a pitiable old man in rags is being helplessly kicked off by his three sons and a daughter, who all wear decent clothes. The father’s negligent children are all guarding their home gates lest their old father “roll into” their households. In other words, they four ignore their moral sense of assuming the responsibility for their old father even though they may be all living a satisfying life. That is a painful scene we often encounter in our daily life.Sad to say, the moral decline of the younger generations may be a rather explosive situation in our modern society. People definitely have their living conditions improved by wider and wider margins, as evidenced by the four children’s decent dressing, but their moral sense still remains sadly unchanged or in some cases becomes dramatically downgrading. Most people might have become too much self-centered, and even worse, they discard the tradition of giving respect to the elderly. They no longer care for their elders, let alone their neighbors or thedisadvantaged; instead they try every means to avoid responsibility for other citizens. When one cares for others, one might even appear stupid or may even be distrusted.Therefore, we have to take some useful measures to avoid the scene that is mentioned above. We must launch a variety of campaigns about the return to the good tradition of giving help and love the elderly. Moreover, we must appeal to our government to establish some relevant laws to punish those who avoid their duties. The last but not the least, our respect for age is an indication of the progress of human society, as imperatives of traditions require. We sincerely wish that the old man could be welcome to any of the four households, elegantly dressed, and a smile on the face.2005年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)试题答案详解Section I Use of English1. C空格前讲的是,和动物相比,人的嗅觉常被认为不灵敏,空格后讲的是,…这主要是因为,…动物,我们是直立的。
Text 1Everybody loves a fat pay rise. Yet pleasure at your own can vanish(是介词短语做的后置定语)if you learn that a colleague has been given a bigger one. Indeed, if he has a reputation for slacking, you might even be outraged. Such (has a A for B)behaviour is regarded as “all too human”, with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finelydeveloped sense of grievance. But a study by Sarah Brosnan and Frans ( A of B)(A by B of C)de Waal of Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, which has just been published in Nature, suggests that it all too monkey, as well.(其实这段话就是在说:某人认为猴子也这样。
)每一个人都爱丰厚的加薪,如果你知道你的同事得的比你多,你的满足感就会消失。
的确,如果他很容易就得到了名誉,你甚至可能愤怒。
这样的行为被看做是“全人类”都有的,这里有一个潜在的关于其他动物是否具有这种非常发达的愤怒情感的假设。
来自亚特兰大Emory大学的Sarah Brosnan and Frans de Waal认为,猴子也是这样。
这个观点刚刚发表在《自然》杂志上。
参考译文:人人都喜欢丰厚的加薪。
然而,一旦你了解到某个同事比自己加得多,这种内心的喜悦感便荡然无存。
2005年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题答案Section IUse of English (10 points)1-5. CBACB 6-10. ADADB 11-15.CADCD 16-20.BCDABSection IIReading Comprehension (60 points)Part A (40 points) 21-25. CBACB 26-30. CDADB 31-35. ACDDA 36-40. BDABCPart B(10 points) 41-45. ECGFBPart C (10 points)46. 电视是创造和传递感情的手段之一。
也许在此之前,就加强不同的民族和国家之间的联系而言,电视还从来没有像在最近的欧洲事件中起过如此大的作用。
47. 多媒体集团在欧洲就像在其他地方一样越来越成功了。
这些集团把相互关系密切的电视台、电台、报纸、杂志、出版社整合到了一起。
48. 仅这一点就表明在电视行业不是一个容易生存的领域。
这个事实通过统计数字一目了然,统计表明在80家欧洲电视网中1989年出现亏损的不少于50%。
49.创造一个尊重不同文化和传统的“欧洲统一体”绝非易事,需要战略性选择。
正是这些文化和传统组成了连接欧洲大陆的纽带。
50. 在应付一个如此规模的挑战过程中,我们可以毫不夸张地说,“团结,我们就会站起来;分裂,我们就会倒下去。
”Section ⅢWriting (30 points)Part A (10 points) A Letter, to QuitJun 22, 2005 Dear Mr. Wang,First of all, please allow me to express my deep sorry to you for my resignation. I do know thatthis will bring about much trouble to you sothatI write to youfor my explanation.I decided to quit for some reasonsas follows. To beginwith, the job as an editor for the magazine Designs & Fashionsis notsuitable to me.What’s more,I’m preparing for another degreeand I preferto further mystudy. Again, I apologize for myresignation to you!I am looking forward toyour early reply.Yours Sincerely,LiMing Part B(20 points)A Helpless FatherThe picture ironically shows that apitiable old man in rags is beinghelplessly kicked offby his three sons and a daughter, who all wear decent clothes. The father’s negligent children are allguarding their home gates lest theirold father “rollinto” their households. In other words, they four ignore their moral sense of assuming the responsibility for their old father even though theymay be all living a satisfying life. That is a painful scene we often encounter in our da ily life.Sad to say, the moral decline of the younger generations may bea rather explosive situation in our modern society. People definitely have their living conditions improved by wider and wider margins, asevidenced by thefour children’s decent dre ssing, but their moral sensestillremains sadly unchanged orin some cases becomes dramaticallydowngrading. Mostpeo plemight have becometoo much self-centered, andeven worse, theydiscard thetradition of giving respect to the elderly. Theyno longer care for their elders, let alone their neighborsor the disadvantaged; instead they try everymeansto avoid r esponsibility for other citizens. When one cares for others,one might even appear stupid or may even be distrusted.Therefore,wehave to take some useful measures to avoid the scene that ismentionedabove. We must launch a variety of campaigns about thereturn to the good tradition of giving help and love the elderly. Moreover, we must appeal to our governmentto establish some relevant laws to punish those who avoid their duties. The last but not the least, our respect for age is anindication of the progress of human society,as imperativesof traditions require.Wesincerely wish that theold man could be welcome to anyof the four households, elegantly dressed,and a smile on the face.2005年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)试题答案详解Section I Use of English1. C 空格前讲的是,和动物相比,人的嗅觉常被认为不灵敏,空格后讲的是,…这主要是因为,…动物,我们是直立的。
2005年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题答案Section I Use of English (10 points)1-5. CBACB 6-10. ADADB 11-15. CADCD 16-20. BCDABSection II Reading Comprehension (60 points)Part A (40 points) 21-25. CBACB 26-30. CDADB 31-35. ACDDA 36-40. BDABCPart B (10 points) 41-45. ECGFBPart C (10 points)46. 电视是创造和传递感情的手段之一。
也许在此之前,就加强不同的民族和国家之间的联系而言,电视还从来没有像在最近的欧洲事件中起过如此大的作用。
47. 多媒体集团在欧洲就像在其他地方一样越来越成功了。
这些集团把相互关系密切的电视台、电台、报纸、杂志、出版社整合到了一起。
48. 仅这一点就表明在电视行业不是一个容易生存的领域。
这个事实通过统计数字一目了然,统计表明在80家欧洲电视网中1989年出现亏损的不少于50%。
49. 创造一个尊重不同文化和传统的“欧洲统一体”绝非易事,需要战略性选择。
正是这些文化和传统组成了连接欧洲大陆的纽带。
50. 在应付一个如此规模的挑战过程中,我们可以毫不夸张地说,“团结,我们就会站起来;分裂,我们就会倒下去。
”Section ⅢWriting (30 points)Part A (10 points) A Letter, to QuitJun 22, 2005 Dear Mr. Wang,First of all, please allow me to express my deep sorry to you for my resignation. I do know that this will bring about much trouble to you so that I write to you for my explanation.I decided to quit for some reasons as follows. To begin with, the job as an editor for the magazine Designs & Fashions is not suitable to me. What’s more, I’m preparing for another degree and I prefer to further my study. Again, I apologize for my resignation to you!I am looking forward to your early reply.Y ours Sincerely,Li MingPart B (20 points)A Helpless FatherThe picture ironically shows that a pitiable old man in rags is being helplessly kicked off by his three sons and a daughter, who all wear decent clothes. The father’s negligent children are all guarding their home gates lest their old father “roll into” their households. In other words, they four ignore their moral sense of assuming the responsibility for their old father even though they may be all living a satisfying life. That is a painful scene we often encounter in our daily life.Sad to say, the moral decline of the younger generations may be a rather explosive situation in our modern society. People definitely have their living conditions improved by wider and wider margins, as evidenced by the four chil dren’s decent dressing, but their moral sense still remains sadly unchanged or in some cases becomes dramatically downgrading. Most people might have become too much self-centered, and even worse, they discard the tradition of giving respect to the elderly. They no longer care for their elders, let alone their neighbors or the disadvantaged; instead they try every means to avoid responsibility for other citizens. When one cares for others, one might even appear stupid or may even be distrusted.Therefore, we have to take some useful measures to avoid the scene that is mentioned above. We must launch a variety of campaigns about the return to the good tradition of giving help and love the elderly. Moreover, we must appeal to our government to establish some relevant laws to punish those who avoid their duties. The last but not the least, our respect for age is an indication of the progress of human society, as imperatives of traditions require. We sincerely wish that the old man could be welcome to any of the four households, elegantly dressed, and a smile on the face.2005年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)试题答案详解Section I Use of English1. C 空格前讲的是,和动物相比,人的嗅觉常被认为不灵敏,空格后讲的是,…这主要是因为,…动物,我们是直立的。
2005年考研英语真题(英一二通用)-高清版Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET1.(10points)The human nose is an underrated tool.Humans are often thought to be insensitive smellers compared with animals,1this is largely because,2animals,we stand upright.This means that our noses are3to perceiving those smells which float through the air,4the majority of smells which stick to surfaces.In fact,5,we are extremely sensitive to smells,6we do not generally realize it.Our noses are capable of7human smells even when these are8to far below one part in one million.Strangely,some people find that they can smell one type of flower but not another,9others are sensitive to the smells of both flowers.This may be because some people do not have the genes necessary to generate10smell receptors in the nose.These receptors are the cells which sense smells and send11to the brain.However,it has been found that even people insensitive to a certain smell12can suddenly become sensitive to it when13to it often enough.The explanation for insensitivity to smell seems to be that the brain finds it14to keep all smell receptors working all the time but can15new receptors if necessary.This may16explain why we are not usually sensitive to our own smells–we simply do not need to be.We are not17of the usual smell of our own house,but we18new smells when we visit someone else’s.The brain finds it best to keep smell receptors19for unfamiliar and emergency signals20the smell of smoke,which might indicate the danger of fire.1.[A]although[B]as[C]but[D]while2.[A]above[B]unlike[C]excluding[D]besides3.[A]limited[B]committed[C]dedicated[D]confined4.[A]catching[B]ignoring[C]missing[D]tracking5.[A]anyway[B]though[C]instead[D]therefore6.[A]even if[B]if only[C]only if[D]as if7.[A]distinguishing[B]discovering[C]determining[D]detecting8.[A]diluted[B]dissolved[C]dispersed[D]diffused9.[A]when[B]since[C]for[D]whereas10.[A]unusual[B]particular[C]unique[D]typical11.[A]signs[B]stimuli[C]messages[D]impulses12.[A]at first[B]at all[C]at large[D]at times13.[A]subjected[B]left[C]drawn[D]exposed14.[A]ineffective[B]incompetent[C]inefficient[D]insufficient15.[A]introduce[B]summon[C]trigger[D]create16.[A]still[B]also[C]otherwise[D]nevertheless17.[A]sure[B]sick[C]aware[D]tired18.[A]tolerate[B]repel[C]neglect[D]notice19.[A]available[B]reliable[C]identifiable[D]suitable20.[A]similar to[B]such as[C]along with[D]aside fromSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B, C or D.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1.(40points)Text1Everybody loves a fat pay rise.Yet pleasure at your own can vanish if you learn that a colleague has been given a bigger one.Indeed,if he has a reputation for slacking,you might even be outraged.Such behaviour is regarded as“all too human”, with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance.But a study by Sarah Brosnan and Frans de Waal of Emory University in Atlanta,Georgia,which has just been published in Nature, suggests that it is all too monkey,as well.The researchers studied the behaviour of female brown capuchin monkeys.They look cute.They are good-natured,co-operative creatures,and they share their food readily.Above all,like their female human counterparts,they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of“goods and services”than males.Such characteristics make them perfect candidates for Dr.Brosnan’s and Dr.de Waal’s study.The researchers spent two years teaching their monkeys to exchange tokens for food.Normally,the monkeys were happy enough to exchange pieces of rock for slices of cucumber.However,when two monkeys were placed in separate but adjoining chambers,so that each could observe what the other was getting in return for its rock,their behaviour became markedly different.In the world of capuchins grapes are luxury goods(and much preferable to cucumbers).So when one monkey was handed a grape in exchange for her token,the second was reluctant to hand hers over for a mere piece of cucumber.And if one received a grape without having to provide her token in exchange at all,the other either tossed her own token at the researcher or out of the chamber,or refused to accept the slice of cucumber.Indeed,the mere presence of a grape in the other chamber(without an actual monkey to eat it)was enough to induce resentment in a female capuchin.The researchers suggest that capuchin monkeys,like humans,are guided by social emotions.In the wild,they are a co-operative,group-living species.Such co-operation is likely to be stable only when each animal feels it is not being cheated. Feelings of righteous indignation,it seems,are not the preserve of people alone. Refusing a lesser reward completely makes these feelings abundantly clear to other members of the group.However,whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchins and humans,or whether it stems from the common ancestor that the species had35million years ago,is,as yet,an unanswered question.21.In the opening paragraph,the author introduces his topic by[A]posing a contrast.[B]justifying an assumption.[C]making a comparison.[D]explaining a phenomenon.22.The statement“it is all too monkey”(Last line,Paragraph l)implies that[A]monkeys are also outraged by slack rivals.[B]resenting unfairness is also monkeys’nature.[C]monkeys,like humans,tend to be jealous of each other.[D]no animals other than monkeys can develop such emotions.23.Female capuchin monkeys were chosen for the research most probablybecause they are[A]more inclined to weigh what they get.[B]attentive to researchers’instructions.[C]nice in both appearance and temperament.[D]more generous than their male companions.24.Dr.Brosnan and Dr.de Waal have eventually found in their study that the monkeys[A]prefer grapes to cucumbers.[B]can be taught to exchange things.[C]will not be co-operative if feeling cheated.[D]are unhappy when separated from others.25.What can we infer from the last paragraph?[A]Monkeys can be trained to develop social emotions.[B]Human indignation evolved from an uncertain source.[C]Animals usually show their feelings openly as humans do.[D]Cooperation among monkeys remains stable only in the wild.Text2Do you remember all those years when scientists argued that smoking would kill us but the doubters insisted that we didn’t know for sure?That the evidence was inconclusive,the science uncertain?That the antismoking lobby was out to destroy our way of life and the government should stay out of the way?Lots of Americans bought that nonsense,and over three decades,some10million smokers went to early graves.There are upsetting parallels today,as scientists in one wave after another try to awaken us to the growing threat of global warming.The latest was a panel from the National Academy of Sciences,enlisted by the White House,to tell us that the Earth’s atmosphere is definitely warming and that the problem is largely man-made.The clear message is that we should get moving to protect ourselves.The president of the National Academy,Bruce Alberts,added this key point in the preface to the panel’s report:“Science never has all the answers.But science does provide us with the best available guide to the future,and it is critical that our nation and the world base important policies on the best judgments that science can provide concerning the future consequences of present actions.”Just as on smoking,voices now come from many quarters insisting that the science about global warming is incomplete,that it’s OK to keep pouring fumes into the air until we know for sure.This is a dangerous game:by the time100percent of the evidence is in,it may be too late.With the risks obvious and growing,a prudent people would take out an insurance policy now.Fortunately,the White House is starting to pay attention.But it’s obvious that a majority of the president’s advisers still don’t take global warming seriously.Instead of a plan of action,they continue to press for more research–a classic case of “paralysis by analysis”.To serve as responsible stewards of the planet,we must press forward on deeper atmospheric and oceanic research.But research alone is inadequate.If the Administration won’t take the legislative initiative,Congress should help to begin fashioning conservation measures.A bill by Democratic Senator Robert Byrd of West Virginia,which would offer financial incentives for private industry,is a promising start.Many see that the country is getting ready to build lots of new power plants to meet our energy needs.If we are ever going to protect the atmosphere,it is crucial that those new plants be environmentally sound.本资料由微信公众号-世纪高教在线-整理并免费分享 答案解析请参考-考研英语黄皮书26.An argument made by supporters of smoking was that[A]there was no scientific evidence of the correlation between smoking and death.[B]the number of early deaths of smokers in the past decades was insignificant.[C]people had the freedom to choose their own way of life.[D]antismoking people were usually talking nonsense.27.According to Bruce Alberts,science can serve as[A]a protector.[B]a judge.[C]a critic.[D]a guide.28.What does the author mean by“paralysis by analysis”(Last line,Paragraph4)?[A]Endless studies kill action.[B]Careful investigation reveals truth.[C]Prudent planning hinders progress.[D]Extensive research helps decision-making.29.According to the author,what should theAdministration do about global warming?[A]Offer aid to build cleaner power plants.[B]Raise public awareness of conservation.[C]Press for further scientific research.[D]Take some legislative measures.30.The author associates the issue of global warming with that of smoking because[A]they both suffered from the government’s negligence.[B]a lesson from the latter is applicable to the former.[C]the outcome of the latter aggravates the former.[D]both of them have turned from bad to worse.Text3Of all the components of a good night’s sleep,dreams seem to be least within our control.In dreams,a window opens into a world where logic is suspended and dead people speak.A century ago,Freud formulated his revolutionary theory that dreams were the disguised shadows of our unconscious desires and fears;by the late1970s, neurologists had switched to thinking of them as just“mental noise”–the random byproducts of the neural-repair work that goes on during sleep.Now researchers suspect that dreams are part of the mind’s emotional thermostat,regulating moods while the brain is“off-line.”And one leading authority says that these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought under conscious control,to help us sleep and feel better.“It’s your dream,”says Rosalind Cartwright,chair of psychology at Chicago’s Medical Center.“If you don’t like it, change it.”Evidence from brain imaging supports this view.The brain is as active during REM(rapid eye movement)sleep–when most vivid dreams occur–as it is when fully awake,says Dr.Eric Nofzinger at the University of Pittsburgh.But not all parts of the brain are equally involved;the limbic system(the“emotional brain”)is especially active,while the prefrontal cortex(the center of intellect and reasoning)is relatively quiet.“We wake up from dreams happy or depressed,and those feelings can stay with us all day.”says Stanford sleep researcher Dr.William Dement.The link between dreams and emotions shows up among the patients in Cartwright’s clinic.Most people seem to have more bad dreams early in the night, progressing toward happier ones before awakening,suggesting that they are working through negative feelings generated during the day.Because our conscious mind is occupied with daily life we don’t always think about the emotional significance of the day’s events–until,it appears,we begin to dream.And this process need not be left to the unconscious.Cartwright believes one can exercise conscious control over recurring bad dreams.As soon as you awaken, identify what is upsetting about the dream.Visualize how you would like it to end instead;the next time it occurs,try to wake up just enough to control its course.With much practice people can learn to,literally,do it in their sleep.At the end of the day,there’s probably little reason to pay attention to our dreams at all unless they keep us from sleeping or“we wake up in a panic,”Cartwright says. Terrorism,economic uncertainties and general feelings of insecurity have increased people’s anxiety.Those suffering from persistent nightmares should seek help from a therapist.For the rest of us,the brain has its ways of working through bad feelings. Sleep–or rather dream–on it and you’ll feel better in the morning.31.Researchers have come to believe that dreams[A]can be modified in their courses.[B]are susceptible to emotional changes.[C]reflect our innermost desires and fears.[D]are a random outcome of neural repairs.32.By referring to the limbic system,the author intends to show[A]its function in our dreams.[B]the mechanism of REM sleep.[C]the relation of dreams to emotions.[D]its difference from the prefrontal cortex.33.The negative feelings generated during the day tend to[A]aggravate in our unconscious mind.[B]develop into happy dreams.[C]persist till the time we fall asleep.[D]show up in dreams early at night.34.Cartwright seems to suggest that[A]waking up in time is essential to the ridding of bad dreams.[B]visualizing bad dreams helps bring them under control.[C]dreams should be left to their natural progression.[D]dreaming may not entirely belong to the unconscious.35.What advice might Cartwright give to those who sometimes have bad dreams?[A]Lead your life as usual.[B]Seek professional help.[C]Exercise conscious control.[D]Avoid anxiety in the daytime.Text4Americans no longer expect public figures,whether in speech or in writing,to command the English language with skill and gift.Nor do they aspire to such command themselves.In his latest book,Doing Our Own Thing:The Degradation of Language and Music and Why We Should Like,Care,John McWhorter,a linguist and controversialist of mixed liberal and conservative views,sees the triumph of1960s counter-culture as responsible for the decline of formal English.Blaming the permissive1960s is nothing new,but this is not yet another criticism against the decline in education.Mr.McWhorter’s academic speciality is language history and change,and he sees the gradual disappearance of“whom”,for example, to be natural and no more regrettable than the loss of the case-endings of Old English.But the cult of the authentic and the personal,“doing our own thing”,has spelt the death of formal speech,writing,poetry and music.While even the modestly educated sought an elevated tone when they put pen to paper before the1960s,even the most well regarded writing since then has sought to capture spoken English on the page.Equally,in poetry,the highly personal,performative genre is the only form that could claim real liveliness.In both oral and written English,talking is triumphing over speaking,spontaneity over craft.Illustrated with an entertaining array of examples from both high and low culture, the trend that Mr.McWhorter documents is unmistakable.But it is less clear,to take the question of his subtitle,why we should,like,care.As a linguist,he acknowledges that all varieties of human language,including non-standard ones like Black English, can be powerfully expressive–there exists no language or dialect in the world that cannot convey complex ideas.He is not arguing,as many do,that we can no longer think straight because we do not talk proper.Russians have a deep love for their own language and carry large chunks of memorized poetry in their heads,while Italian politicians tend to elaborate speech that would seem old-fashioned to most English-speakers.Mr.McWhorter acknowledges that formal language is not strictly necessary,and proposes no radical education reforms–he is really grieving over the loss of something beautiful more than useful.We now take our English“on paper plates instead of china”.A shame, perhaps,but probably an inevitable one.36.According to Mc Whorter,the decline of formal English[A]is inevitable in radical education reforms.[B]is but all too natural in language development.[C]has caused the controversy over the counter-culture.[D]brought about changes in public attitudes in the1960s.37.The word“talking”(Line6,Paragraph3)denotes[A]modesty.[B]personality.[C]liveliness.[D]informality.38.To which of the following statements would McWhorter most likely agree?[A]Logical thinking is not necessarily related to the way we talk.[B]Black English can be more expressive than standard English.[C]Non-standard varieties of human language are just as entertaining.[D]Of all the varieties,standard English can best convey complex ideas.39.The description of Russians’love of memorizing poetry shows the author’s[A]interest in their language.[B]appreciation of their efforts.[C]admiration for their memory.[D]contempt for their old-fashionedness.40.According to the last paragraph,“paper plates”is to“china”as[A]“temporary”is to“permanent”.[B]“radical”is to“conservative”.[C]“functional”is to“artistic”.[D]“humble”is to“noble”.Part BDirections:In the following text,some sentences have been removed.For Questions 41-45,choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks.There are two extra choices,which do not fit in any of the gaps.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10points)Canada’s premiers (the leaders of provincial governments),if they have any breath left after complaining about Ottawa at their late July annual meeting,might spare a moment to do something,together,to reduce health-care costs.(42)____________________But “national”doesn’t have to mean that.“National”could mean interprovincial –provinces combining efforts to create one body.Either way,one benefit of a “national”organization would be to negotiate better prices,if possible,with drug manufacturers.Instead of having one province –or a series of hospitals within a province –negotiate a price for a given drug on the provincial list,the national agency would negotiate on behalf of all provinces.A few premiers are suspicious of any federal-provincial deal-making.They (particularly Quebec and Alberta)just want Ottawa to fork over additional billions with few,if any,strings attached.That’s one reason why the idea of a national list hasn’t gone anywhere,while drug costs keep rising fast.(41)____________________What to do?Both the Romanow commission and the Kirby committee on health care –to say nothing of reports from other experts –recommended the creation of a national drug agency.Instead of each province having its own list of approved drugs,bureaucracy,procedures and limited bargaining power,all would pool resources,work with Ottawa,and create a national institution.Rather than,say,Quebec,negotiating on behalf of seven million people,the national agency would negotiate on behalf of 31million people.Basic economics suggests the greater the potential consumers,the higher the likelihood of a better price.They’re all groaning about soaring health budgets,the fastest-growing component of which are pharmaceutical costs.(43)___________________A small step has been taken in the direction of a national agency with the creation of the Canadian Co-ordinating Office for Health Technology Assessment,funded by Ottawa and the provinces.Under it,a Common Drug Review recommends toprovincial lists which new drugs should be included.Predictably,and regrettably,Quebec refused to join.(44)____________________Premiers love to quote Mr.Romanow’s report selectively,especially the parts about more federal money.Perhaps they should read what he had to say about drugs :“A national drug agency would provide governments more influence on pharmaceutical companies in order to try to constrain the ever-increasing cost of drugs.”such an agency would strengthen the public prescription-drug insurance plans to negotiate the lowest possible purchase prices from drug companies.”[C]What does “national”mean?Roy Romanow and Senator Michael Kirby continue to increase faster than government revenues.[E]According to the Canadian Institute for Health Information,prescription drug run it,starting with an interprovincial health list that would end duplication,save administrative costs,prevent one province from being played off against another,and bargain for better drug prices.[G]Of course,the pharmaceutical companies will scream.They like divided buyers;they can lobby better that way.They can use the threat of removing jobs from one province to another.They can hope that,if one province includes a drug on its list,the pressure will cause others to include it on theirs.They wouldn’t like a national agency,but self-interest would lead them to deal with it.(45)____________________So when the premiers gather in Niagara Falls to assemble their usual complaint list,they should also get cracking about something in their jurisdiction that would help their budgets and patients.[A]Quebec’s resistance to a national agency is provincialist ideology.One of the first advocates for a national list was a researcher at Laval University.Quebec’s Drug Insurance Fund has seen its costs skyrocket with annual increases from 14.3per cent to 26.8per cent![B]Or they could read Mr.Kirby’s report:“The substantial buying power of recommended a federal-provincial body much like the recently created National Health Council.[D]The problem is simple and stark:health-care costs have been,are,and will costs have risen since 1997at twice the rate of overall health-care spending.Part of the increase comes from drugs being used to replace other kinds of treatments.Part of it arises from new drugs costing more than older kinds.Part of it is higher prices.[F]So,if the provinces want to run the health-care show,they should prove they canPart CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2.(10points)Moreover,the integration of the European community will oblige television companies to cooperate more closely in terms of both production and distribution.In order to achieve these objectives,we must concentrate more on co-productions,the exchange of news,documentary services and training.This also involves the agreements between European countries for the creation of a European bank for Television Production which,on the model of the European Investments Bank,will handle the finances necessary for production costs.(50)In dealing with a challenge on such a scale,it is no exaggeration to say,“United we stand,divided we fall”–and if I had to choose a slogan it would be “Unity in our diversity.”A unity of objectives that nonetheless respect the varied peculiarities of each country.Clearly,only the biggest and most flexible television companies are going to be able to compete in such a rich and hotly-contested market.(48)This alone demonstrates that the television business is not an easy world to survive in,a fact underlined by statistics that show that out of eighty European television networks,no less than 50%took a loss in 1989.It is not easy to talk about the role of the mass media in this overwhelmingly significant phase in European history.History and news become confused,and one’s impressions tend to be a mixture of skepticism and optimism.(46)Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed –and perhaps never before has it served so much to connect different peoples and nations as in the recent events in Europe.The Europe that is now forming cannot be anything other than its peoples,their cultures and national identities.With this in mind we can begin to analyze the European television scene.(47)In Europe,as elsewhere,multi-media groups have been increasingly successful;groups which bring together television,radio,newspapers,magazines and publishing houses that work in relation to one another.One Italian example would be the Berlusconi group,while abroad Maxwell and Murdoch come to mind.(49)Creating a “European identity”that respects the different cultures and traditions which go to make up the connecting fabric of the Old Continent is no easy task and demands a strategic choice –that of producing programs in Europe for Europe.This entails reducing our dependence on the North American market,whoseprograms relate to experiences and cultural traditions which are different from our own.Section III WritingPart A51.Directions:Two months ago you got a job as an editor for the magazine Designs&Fashions. But now you find that the work is not what you expected.You decide to quit.Write a letter to your boss,Mr.Wang,telling him your decision,stating your reason(s),and making an apology.Write your letter with no less than100words.Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter;use“Li Ming”instead. You do not need to write the address.(10points)Part B52.Directions:Write an essay of160–200words based on the following drawing.In your essay, you should first describe the drawing,then interpret its meaning,and give your comment on it.You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET2.(20points)2005年全真试题答案Section Ⅰ Use of English1.C2.B3.A4.C5.B6.A7.D8.A9.D 10.B11.C 12.A 13.D 14.C 15.D 16.B 17.C 18.D 19.A 20.B Section Ⅱ Reading ComprehensionPart AText 1 21.C 22.B 23.A 24.C 25.BText 2 26.C 27.D 28.A 29.D 30.BText 3 31.A 32.C 33.D 34.D 35.AText 4 36.B 37.D 38.A 39.B 40.CPart B41.E 42.C 43.G 44.F 45.BPart C46.电视是引发并传达这些情绪的方式之一,在加强不同民族和国家间的联系方面,或许它从未像在近来欧洲事务中那样起过如此大的作用。
2016 年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语(一)试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)In Cambodia, the choice of a spouse is a complex one for the young male. It may involve not only his parents and his friends, 1 those of the young woman, but also a matchmaker.A young man can 2 a likely spouse on his own and then ask his parents to 3 the marriage negotiations, or the young man’s parents may make the choice of a spouse, giving the child littleto say in the selection. 4 , a girl may veto the spouse her parents have chosen. 5 a spouse has been selected, each family investigates the other to make sure its child is marrying 6 a good family.The traditional wedding is a long and colorful affair. Formerly it lasted three days, 7 by the 1980s it more commonly lasted a day and a half. Buddhist priests offer a short sermon and 8 prayers of blessing. Parts of the ceremony involve ritual hair cutting, 9 cotton threads soaked in holy water around the bride’s and gro om’s wrists, and 10 a candle around a circleof happily married and respected couples to bless the 11 . Newlyweds traditionally move in with the wife’s parents and may 12 with them up to a year, 13 they can build a new house nearby.Divorce is legal and easy to 14 , but not common. Divorced persons are 15 with some disapproval. Each spouse retains 16 property he or she 17 into the marriage, and jointly-acquired property is 18 equally. Divorced persons may remarry, but a gender prejudice 19 up: the divorced male doesn’t have a waiting period before he can remarry20 the woman must wait ten months.1. [A] by way of [B] on behalf of [C] as well as [D] with regard to2. [A] adapt to [B] provide for [C] compete with [D] decided on3. [A] close [B] renew [C] arrange [D] postpone4. [A] Above all [B] In theory [C] In time [D] For example5. [A] Although [B] Lest [C] After [D] Unless6. [A] into [B] within [C] from [D] through7. [A] since [B] but [C] or [D] so8. [A] copy [B] test [C] recite [D] create9. [A] folding [B] piling [C] wrapping [D] tying10. [A] passing [B] lighting [C] hiding [D] serving11. [A] meeting [B] collection [C] association [D] union12. [A] grow [B] part [C] deal [D] live13. [A] whereas [B] until [C] if [D] for14. [A] obtain [B] follow [C] challenge [D] avoid15. [A] isolated [B] persuaded [C] viewed [D] exposed16. [A] whatever [B] however [C] whenever [D] wherever17. [A] changed [B] brought [C]shaped [D] pushed18. [A] withdrawn [B] invested [C] donated [D] divided19. [A] breaks [B] warns [C] shows [D] clears20. [A] so that [B] while [C] once [D] in thatSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)T ext 1France, which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for women. Its lawmakers gave preliminary approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on runways. The parliament also agreed to ban websites that ―i nci t e excessive thinnes s‖ by promoting ext r em e dieting.Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives. They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up impinging on health. That’s a start. And the ban on ul t ra-thin models seems to go beyond protecting models from starving themselves to death –as some have done. It tells the fashion industry that it must take responsibility for the signal it sends women, especially teenage girls, about the social tape-measure they must use to determine their individual worth.The bans, if fully enforced, would suggest to women (and many men) that they should not let others be arbiters of their beauty. And perhaps faintly, they hint that people should look to intangible qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to size zero or wasp-waist physiques.The French measures, however, rely too much on severe punishment to change a culture that still regards beauty as skin-deep –and bone-showing. Under the law, using a fashion model that does not meet a government-defined index of body mass could result in a $85,000 fine and sixmonths in prison.The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material adornment and idealized body types. In Denmark, the United States, and a few other countries, it is trying to set voluntary standards for models and fashion images that rely more on peer pressure for enforcement.I n contrast to France’s actions, Denmark’s fashion industry agreed last month on rules and sanctions regarding the age, health, and other characteristics of models. The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical Charter clearly states: ―We are aware of and take responsibility for the im pact the fashion industry has on body ideals, especially on young peopl e.‖ The char t er’s main tool of enforcement is to deny access for designers and modeling agencies to Copenhagen FashionW eek(CFW), which is run by the Danish Fashion Institute. But in general it relies on a name-and-shame method of compliance.Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be thebest step. Even better would be to help elevate notions of beauty beyond the material standards of a particular industry.21. According to the first paragraph, what would happen in France?[A] New runways would be constructed.[B] Physical beauty would be redefined.[C] W ebsites about dieting would thrive.[D] The fashion industry would decline.22. The phrase ―impinging on‖(Line 2, Para. 2) is closest in meaning to .[A] heightening the value of[B] indicating the state of[C] losing faith in[D] doing harm to23. Which of the following is true of the fashion industry?[A] New standards are being set in Denmark.[B] The French measures have already failed.[C] Models are no longer under peer pressure.[D] Its inherent problems are getting worse.24. A designer is most likely to be rejected by CFW for .[A] pursuing perfect physical conditions[B] caring too much about model’s character[C] showing little concern for health factors[D] setting a high age threshold for models25. Which of the following may be the best title of the text?[A] A Challenge to the Fashion Industry’s Body Ideals[B] A Dilemma for the Starving Models in France[C] Just Another Round of Struggle for Beauty[D] The Great Threats to the Fashion IndustryT ext 2For the first time in history more people live in towns than in the country. In Britain this has had a curious result. W hile polls show B r i t ons rate ―t he countrysi de‖alongside the royal f a m ily, Shakespeare and the National Health Service (NHS) as what makes them proudest of their country, this has limited political traction.A century ago Octavia Hill launched the National Trust not to rescue stylish houses but to save ―t he beauty of natural places for everyone forever‖.I t was specifically to provide ci t y dwellers with spaces for leisure where they could experience ―a refreshing air‖.H ill’s pr essur e later led to the creat ion of national parks and green belts. They don’t make countryside any m or e, and every year concrete consumes more of it. It needs constant guardianship.At the next election none of the big parties seem likely to endorse this sentiment. The Conservatives’planning reform explicitly gives rural development priority over conservation, even authorising ―o f f-pl an‖building where local people might object. The concept of sustainable development has been defined as profitable. Labour likewise wants to discontinue local planning where councils oppose development. The Liberal Democrats are silent. Only Ukip, sensing its chance, has sided with those pleading for a more considered approach to using green land. Nigel Farage’s speech this year to the Campaign to Protec t Rural Engandstruck terror into many local Conservative parties.The sensible place to build new houses, factories and offices is where people are, in cities and towns where infrastructure is in place. The London agents Stirling Ackroyd recently identified enough sites for half a million houses in the London area alone, with no intrusion on green belt. What is true of London is even truer of the provinces.The idea that ―h ousing crisi s‖ equals ―c oncreted meadow s‖ is pure lobby talk. The issue i s not the need for more houses but, as always, where to put them. Under lobby pressure, George Osborne favours rural new-build against urban renovation and renewal. He favours out-of-town shopping sites against high streets. This is not a free market but a biased one. Rural towns and villages have grown and will always grow. They do so best where building sticks to their edges and respects their character. W e do not ruin urban conservation areas in this way. Why ruin rural ones?Development should be planned, not let rip. After the Netherlands, B r i t ai n is Europe’s m ost crowded country. Half a century of town and country planning has enabled it to retain an enviable rural coherence, while still permitting low-density urban living. There is no doubt of the alternative –the corrupted landscapes of southern Portugal, Spain or Ireland. Avoiding this ratherthan promoting it should unite the left and right of the political spectrum.26. Britain’s public sentiment about the countryside _.[A] didn’t start till the Shakespearean age[B] has brought much benefit to the NHS[C] is fully backed by the royal family [D]is not well reflected in politics27. According to Paragraph 2, the achievements of the National Trust are now being .[A] gradually destroyed[B] effectively reinforced[C] largely overshadowed[D] properly protected28. which of the following can be inferred from Paragraph 3?[A] Labour is under attack for opposing development.[B] The Conservatives may abandon ―off-plan‖building.[C] The Liberal Democrats are losing political influence. [D]Ukip may gain from its support for rural conservation.29. The author holds that George Osborne’sPreference .[A] highlights his firm stand against lobby pressure[B] shows his disregard for the character of rural areas[C] stresses the necessity of easing the housing crisis [D]reveals a strong prejudice against urban areas30. In the last paragraph, the author shows his appreciation of .[A] the size of population in Britain.[B] the political life in today’s Britain[C] the enviable urban lifestyle in Britain[D] the town-and-country planning in BritainT ext 3“There is one and only one social responsibility of busines s,‖ wrote Mi l t on Friedman, a Nobel prize-winning economist. ―That is, to use its resources and engage in activities designed to increase its profit s.‖ B ut even if you accept F r i edman's premise and regard corporate soc i al responsibility (CSR) policies as a waste of shareholders' money, things may not be absolutely clear-cut. New research suggests that CSR may create monetary value for companies—at least when they are prosecuted for corruption.The largest firms in America and Britain together spend more than $15 billion a year on CSR, according to an estimate last year by EPG, a consulting firm. This could add value to their businesses in three ways. First, consumers may take CSR spending as a ―s i gnal‖that a company's products are of high quality. Second, customers may be willing to buy a company's products as an indirect way to donate to the go od causes it helps. And third, through a more diffuse ―ha lo ef f ect‖,whereby its good deeds earn it greater consideration from consumers and others.Previous studies on CSR have had trouble differentiating these effects because consumers can be affected by all three. A recent paper attempts to separate them by looking at bribery prosecutions under America's Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCP A). It argues that since prosecutors do not consume a company's products as part of their investigations, they could be influenced only by the halo effect.The study found that, among prosecuted firms, those with the most comprehensive CSR programmes tended to get more lenient penalties. Their analysis ruled out the possibility that it was firms' political influence, rather than their CSR stance, that accounted for the leniency: companies that contributed more to political campaigns did not receive lower fines.In all, the authors conclude that whereas prosecutors should only evaluate a case based on its merits, they do se em to be influenced by a company's record in C S R.―We estimate that ei t her eliminating a substantial labour-rights concern, such as child labour, or increasing corporate giving by about 20% results in fines that generally are 40% lower than the typical punishment for bribing foreign official s,‖ says one researcher.Researchers admit that their study does not answer the question of how much businesses ought to spend on CSR. Nor does it reveal how much companies are banking on the halo effect, rather than the other possible benefits, when they decide their do -gooding policies. But at least they have demonstrated that when companies get into trouble with the law, evidence of good character can win them a less costly punishment.31. The author views Milton Friedman’s statement about CSR with _.[A ] tolerance [B] skepticism [C] uncertainty [D] approval32. According to Paragraph 2, CSR helps a company by_ .[A] winning trust from consumers[B] guarding it against malpractices[C] protecting it from being defamed[D] raising the quality of its products33. The expression ―more lenient‖(Line 2, Para. 4) is closest in meaning to .[A] more effective[B] less controversial[C] less severe[D] more lasting34. When prosecutors evaluate a case, a compa n y’s CSR record .[A] has an impact on their decision[B] comes across as reliable evidence[C] increases the chance of being penalized[D] constitutes part of the investigation35. Which of the following is true of CSR, according to the last paragraph?[A ] Its negative effects on businesses are often overlooked.[B] The necessary amount of companies’spending on it is unknown.[C] Companies’financial capacity for it has been overestimated.[D] It has brought much benefit to the banking industry.T ext 4There will eventually come a day when The New Y ork Times ceases to publish stories on newsprint. Exactly when that day will be is a matter of debate. "Sometime in the future," the paper's publisher said back in 2010.Nostalgia for ink on paper and the rustle of pages aside, there's plenty of incentive to ditch print. The infrastructure required to make a physical newspaper—printing presses, delivery trucks—isn't just expensive; it's excessive at a time when online-only competitors don't have the same set of financial constraints. Readers are migrating away from print anyway. And though printad sales still dwarf their online and mobile counterparts, revenue from print is still declining.Overhead may be high and circulation may be lower, but rushing to eliminate its print edition would be a mistake, says BuzzFeed CEO Jonah Peretti.Peretti says the Times shouldn't waste time getting out of the print business, but only if they go about doing it the right way. "Figuring out a way to accelerate that transition would make sense for them," he said, "but if you discontinue it, you're going to have your most loyal customers really upset with you."Sometimes that's worth making a change anyway. Peretti gives the example of Netflix discontinuing its DVD-mailing service to focus on streaming.* "It was seen as a blunder," he said. The move turned out to be foresighted. And if Peretti were in charge at The New Y ork Times? "I wouldn’t pick a year to end print," he said. "I would raise prices and make it into more of a legacy product."The most loyal customers would still get the product they favor, the idea goes, and they'd feel like they were helping sustain the quality of something they believe in. "So if you're overpaying for print, you could feel like you were helping," Peretti said. "Then increase it as a higher rate each year and essentially try to generate additional revenue." In other words, if you're going to make a print product, make it for the people who are already obsessed with it. Which may be what the Times is doing already. Getting the print edition seven days a week costs nearly $500 a year—more than twice as much as a digital-only subscription."It's a really hard thing to do and it's a tremendous luxury that BuzzFeed doesn't have a legacy business," Peretti remarked. "But we're going to have questions like that where we have things we're doing that don't make sense when the market changes and the world changes. In those situations, it's better to be more aggressive than less aggressive."36. The New Y ork Times is considering ending its print edition partly due to .[A] the high cost of operation[B] the pressure from its investors[C] the complaints from its readers[D] the increasing online ad sales37. Peretti suggests that, in face of the present situation, the Times should _.[A] seek new sources of readership[B] end the print edition for good[C] aim for efficient management[D] make strategic adjustments38. It can be inferred from Paragraphs 5 and 6 that a ―l eg acy product‖.[A] helps restore the glory of former times[B] is meant for the most loyal customers[C] will have the cost of printing reduced[D] expands the popularity of the paper39. Peretti believes that, in a changing world _.[A] legacy businesses are becoming outdated[B] cautiousness facilitates problem-solving[C] aggressiveness better meets challenges[D] traditional luxuries can stay unaffected40.Which of the following would be the best title of the text?[A] Shift to Online Newspapers All at Once[B] Cherish the Newspaper Still in Y our Hand[C] Make Y our Print Newspaper a Luxury Good[D] Keep Y our Newspapers Forever in FashionPart BDirections:Read the following texts and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each of the numbered paragraphs (41-45). There are two extra subheadings. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)[A] Create a new image of yourself[B] Have confidence in yourself[C] Decide if the time is right [D]Understand the context[E] W ork with professionals[F] Make it efficient[G] Know your goalsNo matter how formal or informal the work environment, the way you present yourself has an impact. This is especially true in first impressions. According to research from Princeton University, people assess your competence, trustworthiness, and likeability in just a tenth of a second, solely based on the way you look.The difference between t oda y’s workplace and the ―d ress for succes s‖ era is that the range of options is so much broader. Norms have evolved and fragmented. In some settings, red sneakers or dress t-shirts can convey status; in others not so much. Plus, whatever image we present is magnified by social-media services like LinkedIn. Chances are, your headshots are seen much more often now than a decade or two ago. Millennials, it seems, face the paradox of being the least formal generation yet the most conscious of style and personal branding. It can be confusing.So how do we navigate this? How do we know when to inves t in an upgrade?And what’s the bes t way to pull off one that enhances our goals? Here are some tips:41.A s an executive coach, I’ve seen image upgrades be particularly helpful during t r ans i t i ons—when looking for a new job, stepping into a new or more public role, or changing work environments. If you’r e in a period of change or just feeling stuck and in a rut, now may be a good time. If you’re not sure, ask for honest feedback from trusted friends, colleagues and pr of es sional s.Look for cues about how others perceive you. Maybe there’s no need for an upgrade and t hat’s OK.42.Get clear on what impact you’r e hoping to have. Are you looking to refresh your image or pivot it? For one person, the goal may be to be taken more seriously and enhance their professional image. For another, it may be to be perceived as more approachable, or more modern and stylish. For someone moving from finance to advertising, maybe they want to look more―S o H o.‖(I t’s OK to use characterizations like t hat.)43.Look at your work environment like an anthropologist. What are the norms of yourenvironment? What conveys status? Who are your most important audiences? How do the people you respect and look up to present themselves? The better you understand the cultural context, the more control you can have over your impact.44.Enlist the support of professionals and share with them your goals and context. Hire a personal stylist, or use the free styling service of a store like J·Crew·Try a hair stylist instead of a barber. Work with a professional photographer instead of your spouse or friend. I t’s not asexpensive as you might think.45.The point of a style upgrade isn’t to become more vain or to spend more time fuss ing over what to wear. Instead, use it as an opportunity to reduce decision fatigue. Pick a standard work uniform or a few go-to options. Buy all your clothes at once with a stylist instead of shopping alone, one article of clothing at a time.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Y our translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Mental health is our birthright. (46) W e don’t have to learn how to be mentally healthy; it is built into us in the same way that our bodies know how to heal a cut or mend a broken bone. Mental health can’t be learned, only reawakened. I t is like the immune system of the body, which under stress or through lack of nutrition or exercise can be weakened, but which never leaves us. When we don’t understand the value of mental health a nd we don’t know how to gai n ac cess to it, mental health will remain hidden from us. (47) Our ment al health doesn’t really go anywhere; like the sun behind a cloud, it can be temporarily hidden from view, but it is fully capable of being restored in an instant.Mental health is the seed that contains self-esteem—confidence in ourselves and an ability to trust in our common sense. It allows us to have perspective on our lives—the ability to not take ourselves too seriously, to laugh at ourselves, to see the bigger picture, and to see that things will work out. I t’s a form of innate or un learned optimism. (48) Mental health allows us to view others with sympathy if they are having troubles, with kindness if they are in pain, and withunconditional love no matter who they are. Mental health is the source of creativity for solving problems, resolving conflict, making our surroundings more beautiful, managing our home life, or coming up with a creative business idea or invention to make our lives easier. It gives us patience for ourselves and toward others as well as patience while driving, catching a fish, working on our car, or raising a child. It allows us to see the beauty that surrounds us each moment in nature, inculture, in the flow of our daily lives.(49) Although mental health is the cure-all for living our lives, it is perfectly ordinary as you will see that it has been there to direct you through all your difficult decisions. It has been available even in the most mundane of life situations to show you right from wrong, good from bad, friend from foe. Mental health has commonly been called conscience, instinct, wisdom, common sense, or the inner voice. W e think of it simply as a healthy and helpful flow of intelligent thought. (50) As you will come to see, knowing that mental health is always available and knowing to trust it allow us to slow down to the moment and live life happily.Section III WritingPart A51. Directions:Suppose you are a librarian in your university. Write a notice of about 100 words, providing the newly-enrolled international students with relevant information about the library.Y ou should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not sign your own name at the end of the e ―L i Mi ng‖ i nst ead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Part A52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following pictures. In your essay, you should1) describe the pictures briefly,2) interpret the meaning, and3) give your comments.Y ou should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)2016 年考研英语一真题参考答案Use of English1. [C] as well as2. [D] decided on3. [C] arrange4. [B] In theory5. [C] After6. [A] into7. [B] but8. [C] recite9. [D] tying10. [A] passing11. [D] union12. [D] live13. [B] until14. [A] obtain15. [C] viewed16. [A] whatever17. [B] brought18. [D] divided19. [C] shows20. [B] whileReading ComprehensionPart AT ext 121. [B] Physical beauty would be redefined.22. [D] doing harm to23. [A] New standards are being set in Denmark.24. [C] showing little concern for health factors25. [A] A Challenge to the Fashion Industry’s Body IdealsT ext 226. [D] is not well reflected in politics27. [A] gradually destroyed28. [D] Ukip may gain from its support for rural conservation.29. [D] reveals a strong prejudice against urban areas30. [D] the town-and-country planning in BritainT ext 331. [B] skepticism32. [A] winning trust from consumers33. [C] less severe34. [A] has an impact on their decision35. [B] The necessary amount of companies’spending on it is unknown.T ext 436. [A] the high cost of operation37. [D] make strategic adjustments38. [B] is meant for the most loyal customers39. [C] aggressiveness better meets challenges40. [C] Make Y our Print Newspaper a Luxury GoodPart B41. [C] Decide if the time is right42. [G] Know your goals43. [D] Understand the context44. [E] W ork with professionals45. [F] Make it efficientPart C46. 我们并不必学习如何保持心理健康;它与生俱来,正如我们的身体知道如何愈合伤口和修复骨折一样。
文章背景文章的主题是"人的鼻子",作者谈论的中心议题是"我们常常低估了鼻子的功能。
"作者通过介绍人们对鼻子感知功能的误解和鼻子事实上具有的功能,对比了人们对气味的敏感性,以及大脑对鼻子感知的调节作用。
文章结构文章第一段提出论点The human nose is an underrated tool(人的鼻子是一种被低估的工具)。
第二段和第三段分别对人们认为人类的嗅觉不灵敏的原因进行反驳,并作出解释。
答案详解1.【解析】[C] 逻辑衔接题。
Humans are often thought to be insensitive smellers compared with animals,this is largely because,animals, we stand upright. "人们常常认为,与动物相比,人类的嗅觉不够敏锐,……而这在很大程度上是因为人类直立行走,这一点与动物……。
"although 表示让步;as表示时间或者原因; but表示转折关系; while 表示时间或者对比。
四个选项中,but是表示转折的并列连词,but后面的内容是语句重心所在。
While也可以表示对比、转折,但作为从属连词也有让步含义。
从本题前后的语义关系来看,后半句语义应当是重心所在。
因此,正确答案为C。
2.【解析】[B] 语义衔接题。
…this is largely because,animals, we stand upright. "而这在很大程度上是因为人类直立行走,这一点与动物……" 人类直立行走,而动物却不同。
因此,正确答案为B。
3.【解析】[A] 语义衔接/ 词汇辨析题。
This means that our noses areto perceiving those smells which float through the air. "这意味着我们的鼻子……闻到漂浮在空气中的气味。
2005考研英语一真题及答案Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1 (10 points)The human nose is an underrated tool. Humans are often thought to be insensitive smellers compared with animals, ___1___ this is largely because, ___2___ animals, we stand upright. This means that our noses are ___3___ to perceiving those smells which float through the air, ___4___ the majority of smells which stick to surfaces. In fact, ___5___, we are extremely sensitive to smells, ___6___ we do not generally realize it. Our noses are capable of ___7___ human smells even when these are ___8___ to far below one part in one million.Strangely, some people find that they can smell one type of flower but not another, ___9___ others are sensitive to the smells of both flowers. This may be because some people do not have the genes necessary to generate ___10___ smell receptors in the nose. These receptors are the cells which sense smells and send ___11___ to the brain. However, it has been found that even people insensitive to a certain smell ___12___ can suddenly become sensitive to it when ___13___ to it often enough.The explanation for insensitivity to smell seems to be that the brain finds it ___14___ to keep all smell receptors working all the time but can ___15___ new receptors if necessary. This may ___16___ explain why we are not usually sensitive to our own smells—we simply do not need to be. We are not ___17___ of the usual smell of our own house, but we ___18___ new smells when we visit someone else’s. The brain finds it best to keep smell receptors ___19___ for unfamiliar and emergency signals ___20___ the smell of smoke, which might indicate the danger of fire.1. [A] although[B] as[C] but[D] while2. [A] above[B] unlike[C] excluding[D] besides3. [A] limited[B] committed[C] dedicated[D] confined4. [A] catching[B] ignoring[C] missing[D] tracking5. [A] anyway[B] though[C] instead[D] therefore6. [A] even if[B] if only[C] only if[D] as if7. [A] distinguishing[B] discovering[C] determining[D] detecting8. [A] diluted[B] dissolved[C] dispersed[D] diffused9. [A] when[B] since[C] for[D] whereas10. [A] unusual[B] particular[C] unique[D] typical11. [A] signs[B] stimuli[C] messages[D] impulses12. [A] at first[B] at all[C] at large[D] at times13. [A] subjected[B] left[C] drawn[D] exposed14. [A] ineffective[B] incompetent[C] inefficient[D] insufficient15. [A] introduce[B] summon[C] trigger[D] create16. [A] still[B] also[C] otherwise[D] nevertheless17. [A] sure[B] sick[C] aware[D] tired18. [A] tolerate[B] repel[C] neglect[D] notice19. [A] available[B] reliable[C] identifiable[D] suitable20. [A] similar to[B] such as[C] along with[D] aside fromSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1 (40 points)Text 1Everybody loves a fat pay rise. Yet pleasure at your own can vanish if you learn that a colleague has been given a bigger one. Indeed, if he has a reputation for slacking, you might even be outraged. Such behaviour is regarded as “all too human,”with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance. But a study by Sarah Brosnan and Frans de Waal of Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, which has just been published in Nature, suggests that it is all too monkey, as well.The researchers studied the behaviour of female brown capuchin monkeys. They look cute. They are good-natured, co-operative creatures, and they share their food readily. Above all, like their female human counterparts, they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of “goods and services” than males.Such characteristics make them perfect candidates for Dr. Brosnan’s and Dr. de Waal’s study. The researchers spent two years teaching their monkeys to exchange tokens for food. Normally, the monkeys were happy enough to exchange pieces of rock for slices of cucumber. However, when two monkeys were placed in separate but adjoining chambers, so that each could observe what the other was getting in return for its rock, their behaviour became markedly different.In the world of capuchins, grapes are luxury goods (and much preferable to cucumbers). So when one monkey was handed a grape in exchange for her token, the second was reluctant to hand hers over for a mere piece of cucumber. And if one received a grape without having to provide her token in exchange at all, the other either tossed her own token at the researcher or out of the chamber, or refused to accept the slice of cucumber. Indeed, the mere presence of a grape in the other chamber (without an actual monkey to eat it) was enough to induce resentment in a female capuchin.The researchers suggest that capuchin monkeys, like humans, are guided by social emotions. In the wild, they are a co-operative, group-living species. Such co-operation is likely to be stable only when each animal feels it is not being cheated. Feelings of righteous indignation, it seems, are not the preserve of people alone. Refusing a lesser reward completely makes these feelings abundantly clear to other members of the group. However, whether such a sense of fairness evolved independ ently in capuchins and humans, or whether it stems from the common ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question. 21. In the opening paragraph, the author introduces his topic by ________________________.[A] posing a contrast[B] justifying an assumption[C] making a comparison[D] explaining a phenomenon22. The statement “it is all too monkey” (Last line, Paragraph l) implies that ________________________.[A] monkeys are also outraged by slack rivals[B] resenting unfairness is also monkeys’ nature[C] monkeys, like humans, tend to be jealous of each other[D] no animals other than monkeys can develop such emotions23. Female capuchin monkeys were chosen for the research most probably because they are ________________________.[A] more inclined to weigh what they get[B] attentive to researchers’ instructions[C] nice in both appearance and temperament[D] more generous than their male companions24. Dr. Brosnan and Dr. de Waal have eventually found in their study that the monkeys ________________________.[A] prefer grapes to cucumbers[B] can be taught to exchange things[C] will not be co-operative if feeling cheated[D] are unhappy when separated from others25. What can we infer from the last paragraph?[A] Monkeys can be trained to develop social emotions.[B] Human indignation evolved from an uncertain source.[C] Animals usually show their feelings openly as humans do.[D] Cooperation among monkeys remains stable only in the wild.Text 2Do you remember all those years when scientists argued that smoking would kill us but the doubters insisted that we didn’t know for sure? That the evidence was inconclusive, the science uncertain? That the antismoking lobby was out to destroy our way of life and the government should stay out of the way? Lots of Americans bought that nonsense, and over three decades, some 10 million smokers went to early graves.There are upsetting parallels today, as scientists in one wave after another try to awaken us to the growing threat of global warming. The latest was a panel from the National Academy of Sciences, enlisted by the White House, to tell us that the Earth’s atmosphere is definitely warming and that the problem is largely man-made. The clear message is that we should get moving to protect ourselves. The president of the National Academy, Bruce Alberts, added this key point in the preface to the panel’s report: “Science never has all the answers. But science does provide us with the best available guide to the future, and it is critical that our nation and the world base important policies on the best judgments that science can provideconcerning the future consequences of present actions.”Just as on smoking, voices now come from many quarters insisting that the science about global warming is incomplete, that it’s OK to keep pouring fumes into the air until we know for sure. This is a dangerous game: by the time 100 percent of the evidence is in, it may be too late. With the risks obvious and growing, a prudent people would take out an insurance policy now.Fortunately, the White House is starting to pay attention. But it’s obvious that a majority of the president’s advisers still don’t take global warming seriously. Instead of a plan of action, they continue to press for more research -- a classic case of “paralysis by analysis.”To serve as responsible stewards of the planet, we must press forward on deeper atmospheric and oceanic research. But research alone is inadequate. If the Administration won’t take the legislative initiative, Congress should help to begin fashioning conservation measures. A bill by Democratic Senator Robert Byrd of West Virginia, which would offer financial incentives for private industry, is a promising start. Many see that the country is getting ready to build lots of new power plants to meet our energy needs. If we are ever going to protect the atmosphere, it is crucial that those new plants be environmentally sound.26. An argument made by supporters of smoking was that ________________________.[A] there was no scientific evidence of the correlation between smoking and death[B] the number of early deaths of smokers in the past decades was insignificant[C] people had the freedom to choose their own way of life[D] antismoking people were usually talking nonsense27. According to Bruce Alberts, science can serve as ________________________.[A] a protector[B] a judge[C] a critic[D] a guide28. What does the author mean by “paralysis by analysis” (Last line, Paragraph 4)?[A] Endless studies kill action.[B] Careful investigation reveals truth.[C] Prudent planning hinders progress.[D] Extensive research helps decision-making.29. According to the author, what should the Administration do about global warming?[A] Offer aid to build cleaner power plants.[B] Raise public awareness of conservation.[C] Press for further scientific research.[D] Take some legislative measures.30. The author associates the issue of global warming with that of smoking because ________________________.[A] they both suffered from the government’s negligence[B] a lesson from the latter is applicable to the former[C] the outcome of the latter aggravates the former[D] both of them have turned from bad to worseText 3Of all the components of a good night’s sleep, dreams seem to be least within our control. In dreams, a window opens into a world where logic is suspended and dead people speak. A century ago, Freud formulated his revolutionary theory that dreams were the disguised shadows of our unconscious desires and fears; by the late 1970s, neurologists had switched to thinking of them as just “mental noise” -- the rand om byproducts of the neural-repair work that goes on during sleep. Now researchers suspect that dreams are part of the mind’s emotional thermostat, regulating moods while the brain is “off-line.” And one leading authority says that these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought under conscious control, to help us sleep and feel better, “It’s your dream,” says Rosalind Cartwright, chair of psychology at Chicago’s Medical Center. “If you don’t like it, change it.”Evidence from brain imaging supports this view. The brain is as active during REM (rapid eye movement) sleep -- when most vivid dreams occur -- as it is when fully awake, says Dr, Eric Nofzinger at the University of Pittsburgh. But not all parts of the brain are equally involved; the limbic system (the “emotional brain”) is especially active, while the prefrontal cortex (the center of intellect and reasoning) is relatively quiet. “We wake up from dreams happy or depressed, and those feelings can stay with us all day.” says Stanford sleep researcher Dr. William Dement.The link between dreams and emotions shows up among the patients in Cartwright’s clinic. Most people seem to have more bad dreams early in the night, progressing toward happier ones before awakening, suggesting that they are working through negative feelings generated during the day. Because our conscious mind is occupied with daily life we don’t always think about the emotional significance of the day’s events -- until, it appears, we begin to dream.And this process need not be left to the unconscious. Cartwright believes one can exercise conscious control over recurring bad dreams. As soon as you awaken, identify what is upsetting about the dream. Visualize how you would like it to end instead; the next time it occurs, try to wake up just enough to control its course. With much practice people can learn to, literally, do it in their sleep.At the end of the day, there’s probably little reason to pay attention to our dreams at all unless they keep us from sleeping or “we wake up in a panic,” Cartwright says. Terrorism, economic uncertainties and general feelings of insecurity have increased people’s anxiety. Those suffering from persistent nightmares should seek help from a therapist. For the rest of us, the brain has its ways of working through bad feelings. Sleep -- or rather dream -- on it and you’ll feel better in the morning.31. Researchers have come to believe that dreams ________________________.[A] can be modified in their courses[B] are susceptible to emotional changes[C] reflect our innermost desires and fears[D] are a random outcome of neural repairs32. By referring to the limbic system, the author intends to show ________________________.[A] its function in our dreams[B] the mechanism of REM sleep[C] the relation of dreams to emotions[D] its difference from the prefrontal cortex33. The negative feelings generated during the day tend to ________________________.[A] aggravate in our unconscious mind[B] develop into happy dreams[C] persist till the time we fall asleep[D] show up in dreams early at night34. Cartwright seems to suggest that ________________________.[A] waking up in time is essential to the ridding of bad dreams[B] visualizing bad dreams helps bring them under control[C] dreams should be left to their natural progression[D] dreaming may not entirely belong to the unconscious35. What advice might Cartwright give to those who sometimes have bad dreams?[A] Lead your life as usual.[B] Seek professional help.[C] Exercise conscious control.[D] Avoid anxiety in the daytime.Text 4Americans no longer expect public figures, whether in speech or in writing, to command the English language with skill and gift. Nor do they aspire to such command themselves. In his latest book, Doing Our Own Thing: The Degradation of Language and Music and Why We Should, Like, Care, John McWhorter, a linguist and controversialist of mixed liberal and conservative views, sees the triumph of 1960s counter-culture as responsible for the decline of formal English.Blaming the permissive 1960s is nothing new, but this is not yet another criticism against the decline in education. Mr. McWhorter’s academic speciality is language history and change, and he sees the gradual disappearance of “whom,” for example, to be natural and no more regrettable than the loss of the case-endings of Old English.But the cult of the authentic and the personal, “doing our own thing,” has spelt the death of formal speech, writing, poetry and music. While even the modestly educated sought an elevated tone when they put pen to paper before the 1960s, even the most well regarded writing since then has sought to capture spoken English on the page. Equally, in poetry, the highly personal, performative genre is the only form that could claim real liveliness. In both oral and written English, talking is triumphing over speaking, spontaneity over craft.Illustrated with an entertaining array of examples from both high and low culture, the trend that Mr. McWhorter documents is unmistakable. But it is less clear, to take the question of his subtitle, why we should, like, care. As a linguist, he acknowledges that all varieties of human language, including non-standard ones like Black English, can be powerfully expressive -- there exists no language or dialect in the world that cannot convey complex ideas. He is not arguing, as many do, that we can no longer think straight because we do not talk proper.Russians have a deep love for their own language and carry large chunks of memorized poetry in their heads, while Italian politicians tend to elaborate speech that would seem old-fashioned to most English-speakers. Mr. McWhorter acknowledges that formal language is not strictly necessary, a nd proposes no radical education reforms -- he is really grieving over the loss of something beautiful more than useful. We now take our English “on paper plates instead of china.” A shame, perhaps, but probably an inevitable one.36. According to McWhorter, the decline of formal English ________________________.[A] is inevitable in radical education reforms[B] is but all too natural in language development[C] has caused the controversy over the counter-culture[D] brought about changes in public attitudes in the 1960s37. The word “talking” (Line 6, Paragraph 3) denotes ________________________.[A] modesty[B] personality[C] liveliness[D] informality38. To which of the following statements would McWhorter most likely agree?[A] Logical thinking is not necessarily related to the way we talk.[B] Black English can be more expressive than standard English.[C] Non-standard varieties of human language are just as entertaining.[D] Of all the varieties, standard English can best convey complex ideas.39. The description of Russians’ love of memorizing poetry shows the author’s ________________________.[A] interest in their language[B] appreciation of their efforts[C] admiration for their memory[D] contempt for their old-fashionedness40. According to the last paragraph, “paper plates”is to “china”as ________________________.[A] “temporary” is to “permanent”[B] “radical” is to “conservative”[C] “functional” is to “artistic”[D] “humble” is to “noble”Part BDirections:In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks.There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Canada’s premiers (the leaders of provincial governments), if they have any breath left after complaining about Ottawa at their late July annual meeting, might spare a moment to do something, together, to reduce health-care costs.They’re all groaning about soaring health budgets, the fastest-growing component of which are pharmaceutical costs.41. ________________________What to do? Both the Romanow commission and the Kirby committee on health care -- to say nothing of reports from other experts -- recommended the creation of a national drug agency. Instead of each province having its own list of approved drugs, bureaucracy, procedures and limited bargaining power, all would pool resources, work with Ottawa, and create a national institution.42. ________________________But “national” doesn’t have to mean that. “National” could mean interprovincial -- provinces combining efforts to create one body.Either way, one benefit of a “national” organization would be to negotiate better prices, if possible, with drug manufacturers. Instead of having one province -- or a series of hospitals within a province -- negotiate a price for a given drug on the provincial list, the national agency would negotiate on behalf of all provinces.Rather than, say, Quebec, negotiating on behalf of seven million people, the national agency would negotiate on behalf of 31 million people. Basic economics suggests the greater the potential consumers, the higher the likelihood of a better price.43. ________________________A small step has been taken in the direction of a national agency with the creation of the Canadian Co-ordinating Office for Health Technology Assessment, funded by Ottawa and the provinces. Under it, a Common Drug Review recommends to provincial lists which new drugs should be included. Predictably, and regrettably, Quebec refused to join.A few premiers are suspicious of any federal-provincial deal-making. They (particularly Quebec and Alberta) just want Ottawa to fork over additional billions with few, if any, strings attached. That’s one reason why the idea of a national list hasn’t gone anywhere, while drug costs keep rising fast.44. ________________________Premiers love to quote Mr. Romanow’s report selectively, especially the parts about more federal money. Perhaps they should read what he had to say about drugs: “A national drug agency would provide governments more influence on pharmaceutical companies in order to constrain the ever-increasing cost of drugs.”45. ____________otiate the lowest possible purchase prices from drug companies.”____________ So when the premiers gather in Niagara Falls to assemble their usual complaint list, they should also get cracking about something in their jurisdiction that would help their budgets and patients.[A] Quebec’s resistance to a national agency is provincialist ideology. Oneof the first advocates for a national list was a researcher at Laval University. Quebec’s Drug Insurance Fund has seen its costs skyrocket with annual increases from 14.3 per cent to 26.8 per cent![B] Or they could read Mr. Kirby’s report: “the substantial buying power ofsuch an agency would strengthen the public prescription-drug insurance plans to negotiate the lowest possible purchase prices from drug companies.”[C] What does “national”mean? Roy Romanow and Senator Michael Kirbyrecommended a federal-provincial body much like the recently created National Health Council.[D] The problem is simple and stark: health-care costs have been, are, and willcontinue to increase faster than government revenues.[E] According to the Canadian Institute for Health Information, prescriptiondrug costs have risen since 1997 at twice the rate of overall health-care spending. Part of the increase comes from drugs being used to replace other kinds of treatments. Part of it arises from new drugs costing more than older kinds. Part of it is higher prices.[F] So, if the provinces want to run the health-care show, they should provethey can run it, starting with an interprovincial health list that would end duplication, save administrative costs, prevent one province from being played off against another, and bargain for better drug prices.[G] Of course, the pharmaceutical companies will scream. They like dividedbuyers; they can lobby better that way. They can use the threat of removing jobs from one province to another. They can hope that, if one province includes a drug on its list, the pressure will cause others to include it on theirs. They wouldn’t like a national agency, but self-interest would lead them to deal with it.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)It is not easy to talk about the role of the mass media in this overwhelmingly significant phase in European history. History and news become confused, and one’s impressions tend to be a mixture of skepticism and optimism. 46) Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed -- and perhaps never before has it served so much to connect different peoples and nations as in the recent events in Europe. The Europe that is now forming cannot be anything other than its peoples, their cultures and national identities. With this in mind we can begin to analyze the European television scene. 47) In Europe, as elsewhere, multi-media groups have been increasingly successful: groups which bring together television, radio, newspapers, magazines and publishing houses that work in relation to one another. One Italian example would be the Berlusconi group, while abroad Maxwell and Murdoch come to mind.Clearly, only the biggest and most flexible television companies are going to be able to compete in such a rich and hotly-contested market. 48) This alone demonstrates that the television business is not an easy world to survive in, a fact underlined by statistics that show that out of eighty European television networks, no less than 50% took a loss in 1989.Moreover, the integration of the European community will oblige television companies to cooperate more closely in terms of both production and distribution.49) Creating a “European identity” that respects the different cultures and traditions which go to make up the connecting fabric of the Old Continent is no easy task and demands a strategic choice -- that of producing programs in Europe for Europe. This entails reducing our dependence on the North American market, whose programs relate to experiences and cultural traditions which are different from our own.In order to achieve these objectives, we must concentrate more on co-productions, the exchange of news, documentary services and training. This also involves the agreements between European countries for the creation of a European bank for Television Production which, on the model of the European Investments Bank, will handle the finances necessary for production costs. 50) In dealing with a challenge on such a scale, it is no exaggeration to say “United we stand, divided we fall”-- and if I had to choose a slogan it would be “Unity in our diversity.” A unity of objectives that nonetheless respect the varied peculiarities of each country. Section III WritingPart A51. Directions:Two months ago you got a job as an editor for the magazine Designs & Fashions. But now you find that the work is not what you expected. You decide to quit. Writea letter to your boss, Mr. Wang, telling him your decision, stating your reason (s),and making an apology.Write your letter with no less than 100 words. Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter; use “Li Ming” instead.You do not need to write the address. (10 points)Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should first describe the drawing, then interpret its meaning, and give your comment on it.You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)参考答案Section I: Use of English (10 points)1.[C]2.[B]3.[A]4.[C]5.[B]6.[A]8.[A]9.[D]10. [B]11. [C]12. [A]13. [D]14. [C]15. [D] 16. [B]17. [C]18. [D]19. [A]20. [B]Section II: Reading Comprehension (60 points)Part A (40 points)Part B (10 points)Part C (10 points)46. 电视是创造和传递感情的手段之一。
2005年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1 (10 points)The human nose is an underrated tool. Humans are often thought to be insensitive smellers compared with animals, 大1 家this is largely because, 大2 家animals, we stand upright.This means that our noses are 大3 家to perceiving those smells which float through the air,大4 家the majority of smells which stick to surfaces. In fact, 大5 家, we are extremely sensitive to smells, 大6 家we do not generally realize it. Our noses are capable of 大7 家human smells even when these are 大8 家to far below one part in one million.Strangely, some people find that they can smell one type of flower but not another, 大9 家others are sensitive to the smells of both flowers. This may be because some people do not have the genes necessary to generate 大10 家smell receptors in the nose. These receptors are thecells which sense smells and send 大11 家to the brain. However, it has been found that evenpeople insensitive to a certain smell 大12 家can suddenly become sensitive to it when大13 家to it often enough.The explanation for insensitivity to smell seems to be that the brain finds it 大14 家to keep all smell receptors working all the time but can 大15 家new receptors if necessary.This may 大16家explain why we are not usually sensitive to our own smells—we simply donot need to be. We are not 大17家of the usual smell of our own house, but we 大18 家newsmells when we visit someone else’s. The brain finds it best to keep smell receptors 大19 家for unfamiliar and emergency signals 大20 家the smell of smoke, which might indicate the danger of fire.1. [A] although[B] as[C] but[D] while1522005 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题432. [A] above[B] unlike[C] excluding[D] besides3. [A] limited[B] committed[C] dedicated[D] confined4. [A] catching[B] ignoring[C] missing[D] tracking5. [A] anyway[B] though[C] instead[D] therefore6. [A] even if[B] if only[C] only if[D] as if7. [A] distinguishing[B] discovering[C] determining[D] detecting8. [A] diluted[B] dissolved[C] dispersed[D] diffused9. [A] when[B] since[C] for[D] whereas10. [A] unusual1532005 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题44[C] unique[D] typical11. [A] signs[B] stimuli[C] messages[D] impulses12. [A] at first[B] at all[C] at large[D] at times13. [A] subjected[B] left[C] drawn[D] exposed14. [A] ineffective[B] incompetent[C] inefficient[D] insufficient15. [A] introduce[C] trigger[D] create16. [A] still[B] also[C] otherwise[D] nevertheless17. [A] sure[B] sick[C] aware[D] tired18. [A] tolerate[B] repel[C] neglect[D] notice1542005 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题4519. [A] available[B] reliable[C] identifiable[D] suitable20. [A] similar to[B] such as[D] aside fromSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C]or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1 (40 points)Text 1Everybody loves a fat pay rise. Yet pleasure at your own can vanish if you learn that a colleague has been given a bigger one. Indeed, if he has a reputation for slacking, you might even be outraged. Such behaviour isregarded as “all too human,” with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance. But a study by Sarah Brosnan and Frans de Waal of Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, which has just been published in Nature, suggests that it is all too monkey, as well.The researchers studied the behaviour of female brown capuchin monkeys. They look cute. They are good-natured, co-operative creatures, and they share their food readily. Above all,like their female human counterparts, they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of “goods and services” than males.Such characteristics make them perfect candidates for Dr. Brosnan’s and Dr. de Waal’sstudy. The researchers spent two years teaching their monkeys to exchange tokens for food. Normally, the monkeys were happy enough to exchange pieces of rock for slices of cucumber. However, when two monkeys were placed in separate but adjoining chambers, so that each could observe what the other was getting in return for its rock, their behaviour became markedly different.In the world of capuchins, grapes are luxury goods (and much preferable to cucumbers). So when one monkey was handed a grape in exchange for her token, the second was reluctant to handhers over for a mere piece of cucumber. And if one received a grape without having to provide her token in exchange at all, the other either tossed her own token at the researcher or outof the chamber, or refused to accept the slice of cucumber. Indeed, the mere presence of a grape in the other chamber (without an actual monkey to eat it) was enough to induce resentment in a female capuchin.The researchers suggest that capuchin monkeys, like humans, are guided by social emotions.In the wild, they are a co-operative, group-living species. Such co-operation is likely to be stable only when each animal feels it is not being cheated. Feelings of righteous indignation,it seems, are not the preserve of people alone. Refusing a lesser reward completely makes these 1552005 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题46feelings abundantly clear to other members of the group. However, whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchins and humans, or whether it stems from the common ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question.21. In the opening paragraph, the author introduces his topic by ________.[A] posing a contrast[B] justifying an assumption[C] making a comparison[D] explaining a phenomenon22. The statement “it is all too monkey” (Last line, Paragraph l) implies that ________.[A] monkeys are also outraged by slack rivals[B] resenting unfairness is also monkeys’ nature[C] monkeys, like humans, tend to be jealous of each other[D] no animals other than monkeys can develop such emotions23. Female capuchin monkeys were chosen for the research most probably because they are________.[A] more inclined to weigh what they get[B] attentive to researchers’ instructions[C] nice in both appearance and temperament[D] more generous than their male companions24. Dr. Brosnan and Dr. de Waal have eventually found in their study that the monkeys ________.[A] prefer grapes to cucumbers[B] can be taught to exchange things[C] will not be co-operative if feeling cheated[D] are unhappy when separated from others25. What can we infer from the last paragraph?[A] Monkeys can be trained to develop social emotions.[B] Human indignation evolved from an uncertain source.[C] Animals usually show their feelings openly as humans do.[D] Cooperation among monkeys remains stable only in the wild.Text 2Do you remember all those years when scientists argued that smoking would kill us but the doubters insisted that we didn’t know for sure? That the evidence was inconclusive, the science uncertain? That the antismoking lobby was out to destroy our way of life and the government should stay out of the way? Lots of Americans bought that nonsense, and over three decades, some 10 million smokers went to early graves.There are upsetting parallels today, as scientists in one wave after another try to awakenus to the growing threat of global warming. The latest was a panel from the National Academy 1562005 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题47of Sciences, enlisted by the White House, to tell us that the Earth’s atmosphere is definitely warming and that the problem is largely man-made. The clear message is that we should getmovingto protect ourselves. The president of the National Academy, Bruce Alberts, added this key point in the preface to the panel’s report: “Science never has all the answers. But science does provide us with the best available guide to the future, and it is critical that our nation andthe world base important policies on the best judgments that science can provide concerning the future consequences of present actions.”Just as on smoking, voices now come from many quarters insisting that the science about global warming is incomplete, that it’s OK to keep pouring fumes into the air until we knowfor sure. This is a dangerous game: by the time 100 percent of the evidence is in, it may betoo late. With the risks obvious and growing, a prudent people would take out an insurance policynow.Fortunately, the White House is starting to pay attention. But it’s obvious that a majorityof the president’s advisers still don’t take global warming seriously. Instead of a plan ofaction, they continue to press for more research -- a classic case of “paralysis by analysis.”To serve as responsible stewards of the planet, we must press forward on deeper atmospheric and oceanic research. But research alone is inadequate. If the Administration won’t take the legislative initiative, Congress should help to begin fashioning conservation measures. A billby Democratic Senator Robert Byrd of West Virginia, which would offer financial incentives for private industry, is a promising start. Many see that the country is getting ready to buildlots of new power plants to meet our energy needs. If we are ever going to protect the atmosphere,it is crucial that those new plants be environmentally sound.26. An argument made by supporters of smoking was that ________.[A] there was no scientific evidence of the correlation between smoking and death[B] the number of early deaths of smokers in the past decades was insignificant[C] people had the freedom to choose their own way of life[D] antismoking people were usually talking nonsense27. According to Bruce Alberts, science can serve as ________.[A] a protector[B] a judge[C] a critic[D] a guide28. What does the author mean by “paralysis by analysis” (Last line, Paragraph 4)?[A] Endless studies kill action.[B] Careful investigation reveals truth.[C] Prudent planning hinders progress.[D] Extensive research helps decision-making.29. According to the author, what should the Administration do about global warming?[A] Offer aid to build cleaner power plants.[B] Raise public awareness of conservation.1572005 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题48[C] Press for further scientific research.[D] Take some legislative measures.30. The author associates the issue of global warming with that of smoking because ________.[A] they both suffered from the government’s negligence[B] a lesson from the latter is applicable to the former[C] the outcome of the latter aggravates the former[D] both of them have turned from bad to worseText 3Of all the components of a good night’s slee p, dreams seem to be least within our control.In dreams, a window opens into a world where logic is suspended and dead people speak. Acenturyago, Freud formulated his revolutionary theory that dreams were the disguised shadows of our unconscious desires and fears; by the late 1970s, neurologists had switched to thinking of them as just “mental noise” -- the random byproducts of the neural-repair work that goes on during sleep. Now researchers suspect that dreams are part of the mind’s emotional thermosta t, regulating moods while the brain is “off-line.” And one leading authority says that these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought under consciouscontrol, to help us sleep and feel better, “It’s your dream,” says Rosalind Cartwright, chairof psychology at Chicago’s Medical Center. “If you don’t like it, change it.”Evidence from brain imaging supports this view. The brain is as active during REM (rapideye movement) sleep -- when most vivid dreams occur -- as it is when fully awake, says Dr, Eric Nofzinger at the University of Pittsburgh. But not all parts of the brain are equally involved;the limbic system (the “emotional brain”) is especially active, while the prefrontal cortex(the center of intellect and reaso ning) is relatively quiet. “We wake up from dreams happyor depressed, and those feelings can stay with us all day.” says Stanford sleep researcherDr. William Dement.The link between dreams and emotions shows up among the patients in Cartwright’s clinic.Most people seem to have more bad dreams early in the night, progressing toward happier ones before awakening, suggesting that they are working through negative feelings generated during the day. Because our conscious mind is occupied with daily life we d on’t always think aboutthe emotional significance of the day’s events -- until, it appears, we begin to dream.And this process need not be left to the unconscious. Cartwright believes one can exercise conscious control over recurring bad dreams. As soon as you awaken, identify what is upsetting about the dream. Visualize how you would like it to end instead; the next time it occurs, tryto wake up just enough to control its course. With much practice people can learn to, literally,do it in their sleep.A t the end of the day, there’s probably little reason to pay attention to our dreams atall unless they keep us from sleeping or “we wake up in a panic,” Cartwright says. Terrorism, economic uncertainties and general feelings of insecurity have increased pe ople’s anxiety. Those suffering from persistent nightmares should seek help from a therapist. For the rest ofus, the brain has its ways of working through bad feelings. Sleep -- or rather dream -- on it and you’ll feel better in the morning.31. Researchers have come to believe that dreams ________.[A] can be modified in their courses1582005 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题49[B] are susceptible to emotional changes[C] reflect our innermost desires and fears[D] are a random outcome of neural repairs32. By referring to the limbic system, the author intends to show ________.[A] its function in our dreams[B] the mechanism of REM sleep[C] the relation of dreams to emotions[D] its difference from the prefrontal cortex33. The negative feelings generated during the day tend to ________.[A] aggravate in our unconscious mind[B] develop into happy dreams[C] persist till the time we fall asleep[D] show up in dreams early at night34. Cartwright seems to suggest that ________.[A] waking up in time is essential to the ridding of bad dreams[B] visualizing bad dreams helps bring them under control[C] dreams should be left to their natural progression[D] dreaming may not entirely belong to the unconscious35. What advice might Cartwright give to those who sometimes have bad dreams?[A] Lead your life as usual.[B] Seek professional help.[C] Exercise conscious control.[D] Avoid anxiety in the daytime.Text 4Americans no longer expect public figures, whether in speech or in writing, to command the English language with skill and gift. Nor do they aspire to such command themselves. In his latest book, Doing Our Own Thing: The Degradation of Language and Music and Why We Should, Like,Care, John McWhorter, a linguist and controversialist of mixed liberal and conservative views, sees the triumph of 1960s counter-culture as responsible for the decline of formal English. Blaming the permissive 1960s is nothing new, but this is not yet another criticism againstthe decline in education. Mr. McWhorter’s academic speciality is language history and change, and he sees the gradual disappearance of “whom,” for example, to be natural and no more regrettable than the loss of the case-endings of Old English.But the cult of the authentic and the personal, “doing our own thing,” has spelt the deathof formal speech, writing, poetry and music. While even the modestly educated sought an elevatedtone when they put pen to paper before the 1960s, even the most well regarded writing since then has sought to capture spoken English on the page. Equally, in poetry, the highly personal, performative genre is the only form that could claim real liveliness. In both oral and written1592005 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题50English, talking is triumphing over speaking, spontaneity over craft.Illustrated with an entertaining array of examples from both high and low culture, the trendthat Mr. McWhorter documents is unmistakable. But it is less clear, to take the question ofhis subtitle, why we should, like, care. As a linguist, he acknowledges that all varieties of human language, including non-standard ones like Black English, can be powerfully expressive -- there exists no language or dialect in the world that cannot convey complex ideas. He isnot arguing, as many do, that we can no longer think straight because we do not talk proper. Russians have a deep love for their own language and carry large chunks of memorized poetry in their heads, while Italian politicians tend to elaborate speech that would seem old-fashioned to most English-speakers. Mr. McWhorter acknowledges that formal language is not strictly necessary, and proposes no radical education reforms -- he is really grieving over the lossof something beautiful more than useful. We now take our English “on paper plates instead of chi na.” A shame, perhaps, but probably an inevitable one.36. According to McWhorter, the decline of formal English ________.[A] is inevitable in radical education reforms[B] is but all too natural in language development[C] has caused the controversy over the counter-culture[D] brought about changes in public attitudes in the 1960s37. The word “talking” (Line 6, Paragraph 3) denotes ________.[A] modesty[B] personality[C] liveliness[D] informality38. To which of the following statements would McWhorter most likely agree?[A] Logical thinking is not necessarily related to the way we talk.[B] Black English can be more expressive than standard English.[C] Non-standard varieties of human language are just as entertaining.[D] Of all the varieties, standard English can best convey complex ideas.39. The description of Russians’ love of memorizing poetry shows the author’s ________.[A] interest in their language[B] appreciation of their efforts[C] admiration for their memory[D] contempt for their old-fashionedness40. According to the last paragraph, “paper plates” is to “china” as ________.[A] “temporary” is to “permanent”[B] “radical” is to “conservative”[C] “functional” is to “artistic”[D] “humble” is to “noble”1602005 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题51Part BDirections:In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) Canada’s premiers (the leaders of provincial governments), if they have any breath leftafter complaining about Ottawa at their late July annual meeting, might spare a moment to do something, together, to reduce health-care costs.They’re all groaning about soaring health budgets, the fastest-growing component of whichare pharmaceutical costs.41. ________What to do? Both the Romanow commission and the Kirby committee on health care -- to say nothing of reports from other experts -- recommended the creation of a national drug agency. Instead of each province having its own list of approved drugs, bureaucracy, procedures andlimited bargaining power, all would pool resources, work with Ottawa, and create a national institution.42. ________But “national” doesn’t have to mean that. “National” could mean interprovincial --provinces combining efforts to create one body.Either way, one benefit of a “national” organization would be to negotiate better prices,if possible, with drug manufacturers. Instead of having one province -- or a series of hospitals within a province -- negotiate a price for a given drug on the provincial list, the nationalagency would negotiate on behalf of all provinces.Rather than, say, Quebec, negotiating on behalf of seven million people, the national agency would negotiate on behalf of 31 million people. Basic economics suggests the greater the potential consumers, the higher the likelihood of a better price.43. ________A small step has been taken in the direction of a national agency with the creation of the Canadian Co-ordinating Office for Health Technology Assessment, funded by Ottawa and the provinces. Under it, a Common Drug Review recommends to provincial lists which new drugs shouldbe included. Predictably, and regrettably, Quebec refused to join.A few premiers are suspicious of any federal-provincial deal-making. They (particularlyQuebec and Alberta) just want Ottawa to fork over additional billions with few, if any, strings attached. That’s one reason why the idea of a national list hasn’t gone anywhere, while drug costs keep rising fast.44. ________Premiers love to quote Mr. Romanow’s report selectively, espe cially the parts about more federal money. Perhaps they should read what he had to say about drugs: “A national drug agencywould provide governments more influence on pharmaceutical companies in order to constrain theever-increasing cost of drugs.”45. ________So when the premiers gather in Niagara Falls to assemble their usual complaint list, theyshould also get cracking about something in their jurisdiction that would help their budgets 1612005 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题52and patients.[A] Quebec’s res istance to a national agency is provincialist ideology. One of the first advocates for a national list was a researcher at Laval University. Quebec’s Drug Insurance Fund has seen its costs skyrocket with annual increases from 14.3 per centto 26.8 per cent![B] Or they could read Mr. Kirby’s report: “the substantial buying power of such an agency would strengthen the public prescription-drug insurance plans to negotiate the lowest possible purchase prices from drug companies.”[C] What does “national” mean? Roy Romanow and Senator Michael Kirby recommended a federal-provincial body much like the recently created National Health Council.[D] The problem is simple and stark: health-care costs have been, are, and will continueto increase faster than government revenues.[E] According to the Canadian Institute for Health Information, prescription drug costs have risen since 1997 at twice the rate of overall health-care spending. Part of the increase comes from drugs being used to replace other kinds of treatments. Part ofit arises from new drugs costing more than older kinds. Part of it is higher prices.[F] So, if the provinces want to run the health-care show, they should prove they can run it, starting with an interprovincial health list that would end duplication, save administrative costs, prevent one province from being played off against another, and bargain for better drug prices.[G] Of course, the pharmaceutical companies will scream. They like divided buyers; they can lobby better that way. They can use the threat of removing jobs from one provinceto another. They can hope that, if one province includes a drug on its list, the pressurewill cause others to include it on theirs. They wouldn’t like a national agency, butself-interest would lead them to deal with it.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)It is not easy to talk about the role of the mass media in this overwhelmingly significantphase in European history. History and news become confused, and one’s impressions tend tobe a mixture of skepticism and optimism. 46) Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed -- and perhaps never before has it served so much to connect different peoples and nations as in the recent events in Europe. The Europe that is now forming cannot be anything other than its peoples, their cultures and national identities. With thisin mind we can begin to analyze the European television scene. 47) In Europe, as elsewhere, multi-media groups have been increasingly successful: groups which bring together television, radio, newspapers, magazines and publishing houses that work in relation to one another. One Italian example would be the Berlusconi group, while abroad Maxwell and Murdoch come to mind.Clearly, only the biggest and most flexible television companies are going to be able to compete in such a rich and hotly-contested market. 48) This alone demonstrates that the television business is not an easy world to survive in, a fact underlined by statistics thatshow that out of eighty European television networks, no less than 50% took a loss in 1989. Moreover, the integration of the European community will oblige television companies to1622005 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题53cooperate more closely in terms of both production and distribution.49) Creating a “European identity” that respects the different cultures and traditionswhich go to make up the connecting fabric of the Old Continent is no easy task and demands a strategic choice -- that of producing programs in Europe for Europe. This entails reducing ourdependence on the North American market, whose programs relate to experiences and cultural traditions which are different from our own.In order to achieve these objectives, we must concentrate more on co-productions, the exchange of news, documentary services and training. This also involves the agreements betweenEuropean countries for the creation of a European bank for Television Production which, on the model of the European Investments Bank, will handle the finances necessary for production costs.50) In dealing with a challenge on such a scale, it is no exaggeration to say “United we stand, divided we fall” -- and if I had to choose a slogan it would be “Unity in our diversity.”A unity of objectives that nonetheless respect the varied peculiarities of each country.Section III WritingPart A51. Directions:Two months ago you got a job as an editor for the magazine Designs & Fashions. But now you find that the work is not what you expected. You decide to quit. Write a letter to your boss,Mr. Wang, telling him your decision, stating your reason (s), and making an apology.Write your letter with no less than 100 words. Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter; use “Li Ming” instead.You do not need to write the address. (10 points)Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should first describe the drawing, then interpret its meaning, and give your comment on it.You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)1632005 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题541642005 年考研英语真题答案552005 年考研英语真题答案Section I: Use of English (10 points)1. [C]2. [B]3. [A]4. [C]5. [B]6. [A]7. [D]8. [A]9. [D] 10. [B]11. [C] 12. [A] 13. [D] 14. [C] 15. [D]16. [B] 17. [C] 18. [D] 19. [A] 20. [B]Section II: Reading Comprehension (60 points)Part A (40 points)21. [C] 22. [B] 23. [A] 24. [C] 25. [B]26. [C] 27. [D] 28. [A] 29. [D] 30. [B]31. [A] 32. [C] 33. [D] 34. [D] 35. [A]36. [B] 37. [D] 38. [A] 39. [B] 40. [C]Part B (10 points)41. [E] 42. [C] 43. [G] 44. [F] 45. [B]Part C (10 points)46. 电视是创造和传递感情的手段之一。
2005年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题答案与解析Section I Use of English一、文章题材结构分析这是一篇科普性说明文,文章主要介绍了人类嗅觉的特点及原因。
文章首段指提出说明的中心。
第二段对人们对某些气味的敏感程度的差异原因进行了分析,并指出这种不敏感是可以改变的。
第三段进一步解释了人类对气味不敏感的原因。
二、试题解析1.[A]although虽然,表让步[B]as因为,表因果[C]but但是,表转折[D]while虽然,表让步【答案】C【考点】逻辑搭配【难度系数】0.183【解析】从选项内容和文章中句子结构可以判断空要求填入一个表示前后两个句子逻辑关系的连词,空前的句子谈到“和动物相比,人类经常被认为是不敏感的”,空后谈到这主要是由于我们是直立行走的(动物)。
显然后句是说明人类不敏感的原因,既然人类不敏感是有原因的,那么反过来表达的就是人类应该是敏感的,前句谈到不敏感,后句反馈的是敏感,含义对立,只能填入转折连词,故答案为C。
2.[A]above在上面[B]unlike不像……[C]excluding不包括[D]beside除……之外【答案】B【考点】逻辑搭配【难度系数】0.874【解析】这里在谈到人是直立的动物之前,出现了一个动物,显然是和人类进行对比,能表示这一含义的只有B。
3.[A]limited(to)局限于[B]committed(to)献身于[C]dedicated(to)致力于,献身于[D]confined(to)局限于【答案】A【考点】词义辨析【难度系数】0.395【解析】空所在的句子开头用“this means…”,显然这是对上面一句的继续解释,句子说“我们的鼻子感受到那些浮在空气中的气味,大部分气味依附于地面。
”前文已经谈到由于人类的直立而使得人类不如动物敏感,那么直立自然应该能感受到浮在空气中的气味,而感受不到依附于地面的气味,这样人类的嗅觉就是有局限的,因此前面的一个空填入的词应该表示局限于空气中的气味,后面一空填的应该表示没有能感觉到依附于地面的气味,符合这一语义的第一空为limited,后一空为missing,故本题答案为A,下一空答案为C。
05年考研英语真题答案(文章正文)2005年的考研英语真题是众多考生备考的重要资料之一,通过解答这些题目,考生可以更好地理解考研英语的考点和难度,从而有针对性地进行备考。
以下是对2005年考研英语真题的答案解析。
阅读理解部分:第一篇阅读理解:1. A解析:根据文章第一段的"In recent years doctors have found that certain colours can be therapeutic in treating patients who have emotional difficulties."可以确定答案。
2. D解析:根据文章第二段的"Blue calms the mind and relaxes the body."可以确定答案。
3. B解析:根据文章第三段的"Yellow stimulates the nerves and increases the appetite."可以确定答案。
4. A解析:根据文章第四段的"Yellow can cause anxiety or uneasiness, and red can evoke anger or excitement."可以确定答案。
5. D解析:根据文章第五段的"Green helps people to relax and can make time seem to pass more quickly."可以确定答案。
第二篇阅读理解:6. B解析:根据文章第一段的"The needs for exercise decrease over time."可以确定答案。
7. D解析:根据文章第二段的"A calorie is a measure of the amount of energy in food"可以确定答案。
05年英一真题答案解析20的英语一级真题一直是备考者们的热门话题。
本文将对这套真题进行详细解析,找出其中的备考重点和难点,帮助考生更好地应对考试。
首先,我们来看看这套真题的整体结构。
这套考题分为四个部分:阅读理解、完形填空、翻译和写作。
每个部分都有自己的特点和考查内容,下面我们分别进行分析。
第一部分是阅读理解。
这一部分共分为五篇短文,每篇短文后面有几个相关问题需要回答。
这次考试的短文涉及的主题广泛,涵盖了科技、历史、文化等各个领域。
考生们在备考时要注意培养自己的阅读能力和理解能力,尤其是对于一些较难的文章,要善于运用推理和归纳的能力来解答问题。
第二部分是完形填空。
这次考题的短文主题是关于一位传奇摄影师的故事。
短文中穿插了大量的描写性文字,考生们在填写答案时要注意关注上下文的语境,理解文中的逻辑关系。
此外,这次考试还涉及到了一些较高级的词汇,考生们在备考时要多进行词汇积累,并注意理解词汇在句子中的含义。
第三部分是翻译。
这次考题要求考生将一段汉语翻译成英语。
这段汉语描述了一位演讲家的成功经历和他面临的困难。
考生在备考时要注意培养自己的英语写作能力,并且要善于根据句子的结构、语法和语义来进行翻译,保持原文的意思和表达方式。
最后一部分是写作。
这次考题要求考生根据提供的材料,写一篇关于娱乐行业的文章。
这篇文章需要考生们运用自己的观点和逻辑思维来进行描述和论证。
考生们在备考时要注意提前积累相关的词汇和表达方式,并且要能够清晰、有条理地表达自己的观点。
综上所述,20英语一级的真题从阅读理解、完形填空、翻译和写作等不同方面进行考查。
考生们在备考时要多进行针对性的练习,针对不同部分的考查要点进行有针对性的复习和训练。
只有全面提升自己的英语能力,才能更好地应对这次考试,取得理想的好成绩。
祝愿所有考生都能在这次考试中取得胜利!。
2005年考研英语真题原文及参考答案完整版Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1 (10 points)The human nose is an underrated tool. Humans are often thought to be insensitive smellers compared with animals, (1)this is largely because, (2)animals, we stand upright. This means that our noses are (3)to perceiving those smells which float through the air, (4)the majority of smells which stick to surfaces. In fact, (5), we are extremely sensitive to smells, (6)we do not generally realize it. Our noses are capable of (7)human smells even when these are (8)to far below one part in one million.Strangely, some people find that they can smell one type of flower but not another, (9)others are sensitive to the smells of both flowers. This may be because some people do not have the genes necessary to generate (10)smell receptors in the nose. These receptors are the cells which sense smells and send (11)to the brain. However, it has been found that even people insensitive to a certainsmell (12)can suddenly become sensitive to it when (13)to it often enough.The explanation for insensitivity to smell seems to be that the brain finds it (14)to keep all smell receptors working all the time but can (15)new receptors if necessary. This may (16)explain why we are not usually sensitive to our own smells—we simply do not need to be. We are not (17)of the usual smell of our own house, but we (18)new smells when we visit someone else’s. The brain finds it best to keep smell receptors (19)for unfamiliar and emergency signals (20)the smell of smoke, which might indicate the danger of fire.1.[A] although [B] as [C] but [D] while2.[A] above [B] unlike [C] excluding [D] besides3.[A] limited [B] committed [C] dedicated [D] confined4.[A] catching [B] ignoring [C] missing [D] tracking5.[A] anyway [B] though [C] instead [D] therefore6.[A] even if [B] if only [C] only if [D] as if7.[A] distinguishing [B] discovering [C] determining [D] detecting8.[A] diluted [B] dissolved [C] dispersed [D] diffused9.[A] when [B] since [C] for [D] whereas10.[A] unusual [B] particular [C] unique [D] typical11.[A] signs [B] stimuli [C] messages [D] impulses12.[A] at first [B] at all [C] at large [D] at times13.[A] subjected [B] left [C] drawn [D] exposed14.[A] ineffective [B] incompetent [C] inefficient [D] insufficient15.[A] introduce [B] summon [C] trigger [D] create16.[A] still [B] also [C] otherwise [D] nevertheless17.[A] sure [B] sick [C] aware [D] tired18.[A] tolerate [B] repel [C] neglect [D] notice19.[A] available [B] reliable [C] identifiable [D] suitable20.[A] similar to [B] such as [C] along with [D] aside fromPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1 (40 points)Text 1Everybody loves a fat pay rise. Yet pleasure at your own can vanish if you learn that a colleague has been given a bigger one. Indeed, if he has a reputation for slacking, you might even be outraged. Such behaviour is regarded as “all too human,”with the underlyingassumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance. But a study by Sarah Brosnan and Frans de Waal of Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, which has just been published in Nature, suggests that it is all too monkey, as well.The researchers studied the behaviour of female brown capuchin monkeys. They look cute. They are good-natured, co-operative creatures, and they share their food readily. Above all, like their female human counterparts, they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of “goods and services”than males.Such characteristics make them perfect candidates for Dr. Brosnan’s and Dr. de Waal’s study. The researchers spent two years teaching their monkeys to exchange tokens for food. Normally, the monkeys were happy enough to exchange pieces of rock for slices of cucumber. However, when two monkeys were placed in separate but adjoining chambers, so that each could observe what the other was getting in return for its rock, their behaviour became markedly different.In the world of capuchins, grapes are luxury goods (and much preferable to cucumbers). So when one monkey was handed a grape in exchange for her token, the second was reluctant to hand hers over for a mere piece of cucumber. And if one received a grape without having to provide her token in exchange at all, the other either tossed her own token at the researcher or out of the chamber, or refused to accept theslice of cucumber. Indeed, the mere presence of a grape in the other chamber (without an actual monkey to eat it) was enough to induce resentment in a female capuchin.The researchers suggest that capuchin monkeys, like humans, are guided by social emotions. In the wild, they are a co-operative, group-living species. Such co-operation is likely to be stable only when each animal feels it is not being cheated. Feelings of righteous indignation, it seems, are not the preserve of people alone. Refusing a lesser reward completely makes these feelings abundantly clear to other members of the group. However, whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchins and humans, or whether it stems from the common ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question.21. In the opening paragraph, the author introduces his topic by________.[A] posing a contrast[B] justifying an assumption[C] making a comparison[D] explaining a phenomenon22. The statement “it is all too monkey”(Last line, Paragraph l) implies that ________.[A] monkeys are also outraged by slack rivals[B] resenting unfairness is also monkeys’nature[C] monkeys, like humans, tend to be jealous of each other[D] no animals other than monkeys can develop such emotions23. Female capuchin monkeys were chosen for the research most probably because they are ________.[A] more inclined to weigh what they get[B] attentive to researchers’instructions[C] nice in both appearance and temperament[D] more generous than their male companions24. Dr. Brosnan and Dr. de Waal have eventually found in their study that the monkeys ________.[A] prefer grapes to cucumbers[B] can be taught to exchange things[C] will not be co-operative if feeling cheated[D] are unhappy when separated from others25. What can we infer from the last paragraph?[A] Monkeys can be trained to develop social emotions.[B] Human indignation evolved from an uncertain source.[C] Animals usually show their feelings openly as humans do.[D] Cooperation among monkeys remains stable only in the wild. Text 2Do you remember all those years when scientists argued that smoking would kill us but the doubters insisted that we didn’t know for sure? That the evidence was inconclusive, the science uncertain? That the antismoking lobby was out to destroy our way of life and the government should stay out of the way? Lots of Americans bought that nonsense, and over three decades, some 10 million smokers went to early graves.There are upsetting parallels today, as scientists in one wave after another try to awaken us to the growing threat of global warming. The latest was a panel from the National Academy of Sciences, enlisted by the White House, to tell us that the Earth’s atmosphere is definitely warming and that the problem is largely man-made. The clear message is that we should get moving to protect ourselves. The president of the National Academy, Bruce Alberts, added this key point in the preface to the panel’s report: “Science never has all the answers. But science does provide us with the best available guide to the future, and it is critical that our nation and the world base important policies on the best judgments that science can provide concerning the future consequences of present actions.”Just as on smoking, voices now come from many quarters insisting that the science about global warming is incomplete, that it’s OK to keep pouring fumes int0 the air until we know for sure. This is a dangerous game: by the time 100 percent of the evidence is in, it may be too late. With the risks obvious and growing, a prudent people would take out an insurance policy now.Fortunately, the White House is starting to pay attention. But it’s obvious that a majority of the president’s advisers still don’t take global warming seriously. Instead of a plan of action, they continue to press for more research -- a classic case of “paralysis by analysis.”To serve as responsible stewards of the planet, we must press forward on deeper atmospheric and oceanic research. But research alone is inadequate. If the Administration won’t take the legislative initiative, Congress should help to begin fashioning conservation measures. A bill by Democratic Senator Robert Byrd of West Virginia, which would offer financial incentives for private industry, is a promising start. Many see that the country is getting ready to build lots of new power plants to meet our energy needs. If we are ever going to protect the atmosphere, it is crucial that those new plants be environmentally sound.26. An argument made by supporters of smoking was that ________.[A] there was no scientific evidence of the correlation between smoking and death[B] the number of early deaths of smokers in the past decades was insignificant[C] people had the freedom to choose their own way of life[D] antismoking people were usually talking nonsense27. According to Bruce Alberts, science can serve as ________.[A] a protector[B] a judge[C] a critic[D] a guide28. What does the author mean by “paralysis by analysis”(Last line, Paragraph 4)?[A] Endless studies kill action.[B] Careful investigation reveals truth.[C] Prudent planning hinders progress.[D] Extensive research helps decision-making.29. According to the author, what should the Administration do about global warming?[A] Offer aid to build cleaner power plants.[B] Raise public awareness of conservation.[C] Press for further scientific research.[D] Take some legislative measures.30. The author associates the issue of global warming with that of smoking because ________.[A] they both suffered from the government’s negligence[B] a lesson from the latter is applicable to the former[C] the outcome of the latter aggravates the former[D] both of them have turned from bad to worseText 3Of all the components of a good night’s sleep, dreams seem to be least within our control. In dreams, a window opens int0 a world where logic is suspended and dead people speak. A century ago, Freud formulated his revolutionary theory that dreams were the disguised shadows of our unconscious desires and fears; by the late 1970s, neurologists had switched to thinking of them as just “mental noise”-- the random byproducts of the neural-repair work that goes on during sleep. Now researchers suspect that dreams are part of the mind’s emotional thermostat, regulating moods while the brain is “off-line.”And one leading authority says that these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought under consciouscontrol, to help us sleep and feel better, “It’s your dream,”says Rosalind Cartwright, chair of psychology at Chicago’s Medical Center. “If you don’t like it, change it.”Evidence from brain imaging supports this view. The brain is as active during REM (rapid eye movement) sleep -- when most vivid dreams occur -- as it is when fully awake, says Dr, Eric Nofzinger at the University of Pittsburgh. But not all parts of the brain are equally involved; the limbic system (the “emotional brain”) is especially active, while the prefrontal cortex (the center of intellect and reasoning) is relatively quiet. “We wake up from dreams happy or depressed, and those feelings can stay with us all day.”says Stanford sleep researcher Dr. William Dement.The link between dreams and emotions shows up among the patients in Cartwright’s clinic. Most people seem to have more bad dreams early in the night, progressing toward happier ones before awakening, suggesting that they are working through negative feelings generated during the day. Because our conscious mind is occupied with daily life we don’t always think about the emotional significance of the day’s events -- until, it appears, we begin to dream.And this process need not be left to the unconscious. Cartwright believes one can exercise conscious control over recurring bad dreams. As soon as you awaken, identify what is upsetting about the dream.Visualize how you would like it to end instead; the next time it occurs, try to wake up just enough to control its course. With much practice people can learn to, literally, do it in their sleep.At the end of the day, there’s probably little reason to pay attention to our dreams at all unless they keep us from sleeping or “we wake up in a panic,”Cartwright says. Terrorism, economic uncertainties and general feelings of insecurity have increased people’s anxiety. Those suffering from persistent nightmares should seek help from a therapist. For the rest of us, the brain has its ways of working through bad feelings. Sleep -- or rather dream -- on it and you’ll feel better in the morning.31. Researchers have come to believe that dreams ________.[A] can be modified in their courses[B] are susceptible to emotional changes[C] reflect our innermost desires and fears[D] are a random outcome of neural repairs32. By referring to the limbic system, the author intends to show ________.[A] its function in our dreams[B] the mechanism of REM sleep[C] the relation of dreams to emotions[D] its difference from the prefrontal cortex33. The negative feelings generated during the day tend to ________.[A] aggravate in our unconscious mind[B] develop int0 happy dreams[C] persist till the time we fall asleep[D] show up in dreams early at night34. Cartwright seems to suggest that ________.[A] waking up in time is essential to the ridding of bad dreams[B] visualizing bad dreams helps bring them under control[C] dreams should be left to their natural progression[D] dreaming may not entirely belong to the unconscious35. What advice might Cartwright give to those who sometimes have bad dreams?[A] Lead your life as usual.[B] Seek professional help.[C] Exercise conscious control.[D] Avoid anxiety in the daytime.Text 4Americans no longer expect public figures, whether in speech or in writing, to command the English language with skill and gift. Nor dothey aspire to such command themselves. In his latest book, Doing Our Own Thing: The Degradation of Language and Music and Why We Should, Like, Care, John McWhorter, a linguist and controversialist of mixed liberal and conservative views, sees the triumph of 1960s counter-culture as responsible for the decline of formal English.Blaming the permissive 1960s is nothing new, but this is not yet another criticism against the decline in education. Mr. McWhorter’s academic speciality is language history and change, and he sees the gradual disappearance of “whom,”for example, to be natural and no more regrettable than the loss of the case-endings of Old English.But the cult of the authentic and the personal, “doing our own thing,”has spelt the death of formal speech, writing, poetry and music. While even the modestly educated sought an elevated tone when they put pen to paper before the 1960s, even the most well regarded writing since then has sought to capture spoken English on the page. Equally, in poetry, the highly personal, performative genre is the only form that could claim real liveliness. In both oral and written English, talking is triumphing over speaking, spontaneity over craft.Illustrated with an entertaining array of examples from both high and low culture, the trend that Mr. McWhorter documents is unmistakable. But it is less clear, to take the question of his subtitle, why we should, like, care. As a linguist, he acknowledges that all varieties ofhuman language, including non-standard ones like Black English, can be powerfully expressive -- there exists no language or dialect in the world that cannot convey complex ideas. He is not arguing, as many do, that we can no longer think straight because we do not talk proper.Russians have a deep love for their own language and carry large chunks of memorized poetry in their heads, while Italian politicians tend to elaborate speech that would seem old-fashioned to most English-speakers. Mr. McWhorter acknowledges that formal language is not strictly necessary, and proposes no radical education reforms -- he is really grieving over the loss of something beautiful more than useful. We now take our English “on paper plates instead of china.”A shame, perhaps, but probably an inevitable one.36. According to McWhorter, the decline of formal English ________.[A] is inevitable in radical education reforms[B] is but all too natural in language development[C] has caused the controversy over the counter-culture[D] brought about changes in public attitudes in the 1960s37. The word “talking”(Line 6, Paragraph 3) denotes ________.[A] modesty[B] personality[C] liveliness[D] informality38. To which of the following statements would McWhorter most likely agree?[A] Logical thinking is not necessarily related to the way we talk.[B] Black English can be more expressive than standard English.[C] Non-standard varieties of human language are just as entertaining.[D] Of all the varieties, standard English can best convey complex ideas.39. The description of Russians’love of memorizing poetry shows the author’s ________.[A] interest in their language[B] appreciation of their efforts[C] admiration for their memory[D] contempt for their old-fashionedness40. According to the last paragraph, “paper plates”is to “china”as ________.[A] “temporary”is to “permanent”[B] “radical”is to “conservative”[C] “functional”is to “artistic”[D] “humble”is to “noble”Part BDirections:In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit int0 each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)Canada’s premiers (the leaders of provincial governments), if they have any breath left after complaining about Ottawa at their late July annual meeting, might spare a moment to do something, together, to reduce health-care costs.They’re all groaning about soaring health budgets, the fastest-growing component of which are pharmaceutical costs.41. ________What to do? Both the Romanow commission and the Kirby committee on health care -- to say nothing of reports from other experts -- recommended the creation of a national drug agency. Instead of each province having its own list of approved drugs, bureaucracy, procedures and limited bargaining power, all would pool resources, work with Ottawa, and create a national institution.42. ________But “national”doesn’t have to mean that. “National”could mean interprovincial -- provinces combining efforts to create one body.Either way, one benefit of a “national”organization would be to negotiate better prices, if possible, with drug manufacturers. Instead of having one province -- or a series of hospitals within a province -- negotiate a price for a given drug on the provincial list, the national agency would negotiate on behalf of all provinces.Rather than, say, Quebec, negotiating on behalf of seven million people, the national agency would negotiate on behalf of 31 million people. Basic economics suggests the greater the potential consumers, the higher the likelihood of a better price.43. ________A small step has been taken in the direction of a national agency with the creation of the Canadian Co-ordinating Office for Health Technology Assessment, funded by Ottawa and the provinces. Under it, a Common Drug Review recommends to provincial lists which new drugs should be included. Predictably, and regrettably, Quebec refused to join.A few premiers are suspicious of any federal-provincial deal-making. They (particularly Quebec and Alberta) just want Ottawa to forkover additional billions with few, if any, strings attached. That’s one reason why the idea of a national list hasn’t gone anywhere, while drug costs keep rising fast.44. ________Premiers love to quote Mr. Romanow’s report selectively, especially the parts about more federal money. Perhaps they should read what he had to say about drugs: “A national drug agency would provide governments more influence on pharmaceutical companies in order to constrain the ever-increasing cost of drugs.”45. ________So when the premiers gather in Niagara Falls to assemble their usual complaint list, they should also get cracking about something in their jurisdiction that would help their budgets and patients.[A] Quebec’s resistance to a national agency is provincialist ideology. One of the first advocates for a national list was a researcher at Laval University. Quebec’s Drug Insurance Fund has seen its costs skyrocket with annual increases from 14.3 per cent to 26.8 per cent![B] Or they could read Mr. Kirby’s report: “the substantial buying power of such an agency would strengthen the public prescription-drug insurance plans to negotiate the lowest possible purchase prices from drug companies.”[C] What does “national”mean? Roy Romanow and Senator Michael Kirby recommended a federal-provincial body much like the recently created National Health Council.[D] The problem is simple and stark: health-care costs have been, are, and will continue to increase faster than government revenues.[E] According to the Canadian Institute for Health Information, prescription drug costs have risen since 1997 at twice the rate of overall health-care spending. Part of the increase comes from drugs being used to replace other kinds of treatments. Part of it arises from new drugs costing more than older kinds. Part of it is higher prices.[F] So, if the provinces want to run the health-care show, they should prove they can run it, starting with an interprovincial health list that would end duplication, save administrative costs, prevent one province from being played off against another, and bargain for better drug prices.[G] Of course, the pharmaceutical companies will scream. They like divided buyers; they can lobby better that way. They can use the threat of removing jobs from one province to another. They can hope that, if one province includes a drug on its list, the pressure will cause others to include it on theirs. They wouldn’t like a national agency, but self-interest would lead them to deal with it.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments int0 Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)It is not easy to talk about the role of the mass media in this overwhelmingly significant phase in European history. History and news become confused, and one’s impressions tend to be a mixture of skepticism and optimism. 46) Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed -- and perhaps never before has it served so much to connect different peoples and nations as in the recent events in Europe. The Europe that is now forming cannot be anything other than its peoples, their cultures and national identities. With this in mind we can begin to analyze the European television scene. 47) In Europe, as elsewhere, multi-media groups have been increasingly successful: groups which bring together television, radio, newspapers, magazines and publishing houses that work in relation to one another. One Italian example would be the Berlusconi group, while abroad Maxwell and Murdoch come to mind.Clearly, only the biggest and most flexible television companies are going to be able to compete in such a rich and hotly-contested market.48) This alone demonstrates that the television business is not an easy world to survive in, a fact underlined by statistics that show that out of eighty European television networks, no less than 50% took a loss in 1989.Moreover, the integration of the European community will oblige television companies to cooperate more closely in terms of both production and distribution.49) Creating a “European identity”that respects the different cultures and traditions which go to make up the connecting fabric of the Old Continent is no easy task and demands a strategic choice -- that of producing programs in Europe for Europe. This entails reducing our dependence on the North American market, whose programs relate to experiences and cultural traditions which are different from our own.In order to achieve these objectives, we must concentrate more on co-productions, the exchange of news, documentary services and training. This also involves the agreements between European countries for the creation of a European bank for Television Production which, on the model of the European Investments Bank, will handle the finances necessary for production costs. 50) In dealing with a challenge on such a scale, it is no exaggeration to say “United we stand, divided we fall”-- and if I had to choose a slogan it would be “Unity in our diversity.”A unity of objectives that nonetheless respect the varied peculiarities of each country.Section III WritingPart A51. Directions:Two months ago you got a job as an editor for the magazine Designs & Fashions. But now you find that the work is not what you expected. You decide to quit. Write a letter to your boss, Mr. Wang, telling him your decision, stating your reason (s), and making an apology.Write your letter with no less than 100 words. Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter; use “Li Ming”instead.You do not need to write the address. (10 points)Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should first describe the drawing, then interpret its meaning, and give your comment on it.You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)2005年考研英语真题答案Section I: Use of English (10 points)Section II: Reading Comprehension (60 points)Part A (40 points)Part B (10 points)Part C (10 points)46.电视是创造和传递感情的手段之一。