(完整版)商务英语复习资料(DOC)

字幕信用证5, The advising bank is requested to notify the beneficiary without adding their confirmation.我们(开证行)请求通知行通知受益人没有加具它们的保兑。

6, We shall credit your Beijing Head office account with us at maturity.我行将在到期时贷记你北京总行的账户。

7, Partial shipments not allowed 不允许分批,Transshipment not allowed 不允许转运8, Weight memo/Packing list in 4 copies. 重量单/装箱单四份9, Certificate of quality/weight in 2 copies. 数量/重量证明两份10,信用证中单据份数的表示方法In Duplicate 或2-Fold 一式二份In Triplicate 或3-Fold 一式三份In Quadruplicate 或4-Fold 一式四份e.g. Packing list in three fold.Signed commercial invoice in quadruplicate.图片说明1, 人间仙境The fairyland2, 夕阳The sunset3, 广袤的田野Vast fields4, 人寿保险务实研讨会 The life insurance practice seminar5, 森林小溪 Streams in the forest6, 小桥人家Houses by the bridge7, 山村雪夜 A snowy night in a mountain village8, 大锅饭 The “big pot” distribution system under which everyone gets the same “portion” irrespective of his work四字格6, 港人治港Hong Kong people administering Hong Kong7, 高度自治a high degree of autonomy8, 安居乐业live and work in contentment9, 公平竞争fair competition10,设计新颖,式样美观novel design and attractive fashion11,款式多样,做工精细great variety and fine workmanship12,选料考究,质地优良choice material and superior quality13,品种齐全in a complete range of articles14,经久耐用with a long performance life15,香港的教育制度必须立足香港、贡献祖国、面向世界;……Our education system must cater for Hong Kong' s needs, contribute to the country, and adopt an international outlook.16,特区政府将以“老有所养、老有所属、老有所为”为目标,制定全面的安老服务政策……The Special Administrative Region Government will develop a comprehensive policy to take care of the various needs of our senior citizens and provide them with a sense of security, a sense of belonging and a sense of worthiness.数字1, 2003年,中国国家财政收入总额首次突破万亿大关,达到11377亿元。

2. delivery n 交货,/shipmenteffect delivery交货/make delivery交货take delivery提货e.g. We must insist on delivery within the time dated, and reserve the right to reject the goods, should they be delivered later.我们坚持在原定日期内交货，若迟交则保留拒收的权利e.g. Will you be able to deliver within 5 weeks of receipt of order?你方能否在收到订单后五周内交货？3. C.I.F.C3% 价格术语：成本保险加运费含佣金百分之三4. commission n 佣金明佣open commission/暗佣sleeping commission含我方佣金百分之三Our 3% commission / a commission of 3%inclusive of our 3% commissionincluding our commission of 3%两笔（或几笔）佣金— two items of commission / several items of commissione.g.In view of our long-standing business relationship, we would like to allow you another 2% commission for further promotion of our products.考虑到我们之间长期的.贸易关系，我们愿再给你方百分之二的佣金，以促进我方产品进一步扩大销售。

e.g. A commission of 5% will certainly help you in pushing your sales.百分之五的佣金肯定会有助于你们的销售。

专业术语：人际交往能力interpersonal skills 弹性工作制 flexible working hours 股票经纪人 stock broker债券经纪人 bond broker收购和兼并 acquisition and merger 定金down-payment成交信号buying signal卖点 selling point强行推销hard-sell负债liabilities资产assets售后服务after-sales service自我激励self-motivated工作绩效job performance破产go bankrupt债务人debtor债权人creditor决策者decision maker强行推销hard-sell附加值added value工作寻找者job seeker预期寿命life expectancy接收接管take over 受众receptive audience不动产房地产real estate应付账款accounts payable应收账款account receivable一般管理费overheads行政成本administrative costs 执行董事executive director新手 recruit老手veteran开发商developer企业挂牌上市go public婚姻状况marital status毛（重 ）rough weight净（重）net weight生增长Organic growth非生增长Non-organic growth固定成本fixed cost可变成本variable cost达成交易 close the sale总部headquarters海外子公司overseas subsidiary 固定工作permanent job汉译英1.只要资产价值的增长超过债务的增长，就不会有问题。

As long as asset values rise faster than debt, there is no problem.2.我了解我的竞争对手以及他们产品的优缺点。

国际商务英语〔5844〕名词解释The theory of absolute advantage 绝对利益学说Free trade area 自由贸易区Creditor country 债权Quotation 报价单A counter-offer 还盘Consignment 寄售Bill of lading 提单invoice 发票Beneficiary 受益人Foreign exchange reserves 外汇储藏foreign exchange control 外汇管制Agency agreement 代理合约/协议Business correspondence 商业信函Customs duties 关税Absolute quota 绝对配额承兑Gain progit 获利Futures trade 世界贸易化Knowledge industry 知识产业People’s Bank of China 中国人民银行Hague Rules 海牙规则Business reputation 商业信誉intellectual property 知识产权Packed of deal 一揽子交易CFR cost and freightCIF cost,insurance and freightexpertise 专家意见expert knowledge or skill,esp.in a particular field; know-howGDP 国内生产总值Gross Domestic ProductAssess 评定估定to judge an amount or valueTap 轻打开发分接to take what is needed from,to exploitTrade liberalization 贸易自由化of trade, the act of government in lifting controls over imports and exportsTariff 关税tax levied by the customsRevenue 收入the total annual income of a stateInput 投入something that is put in businss operationSpecialization 专业化to restrict one’s economic activities to certain particular fieldsMFN 最惠国means most-favoured-nation which is a tariff treament.It is bilaterally given and provides for the lowest tariff in the tariffcode.Bisible trade it involves the import and export of goods.Immigrant remittance 移民汇款it refers to the money sent back to home countries by people working in a foreign land.Tariff 关税duties imposed on goods imported and exportedMaritme 近似的xonnected with the sea or navigationClassification 分类the arrangement of things by groupsContract 合约is an agreement which sets forth binding obligations of the relevant parties. Oral business negotiations 口头商业谈判oral and written. The former refers to direct discussions conducted at trade fairs or by sending trade groups abroad or by inviting foreign customers.Force majeure 不可抗力social or natural calamities that take place beyond the control of a contracting partyFirm offer 实盘an offer whose terms and conditions are binding on the offerer.Inflation 通货膨胀rise in prices bruoght about by the excess demand, expansion of monye supply, credit etc.Fluctuation 波动irregular movement of (prices,exchange rates etc.)Drawee 付款人the person to whom a draft is drawn.Confirming bank 保兑银行the bank that adds its own commitment to an L/C.Bill of exchange 汇票written order drawn by the beneficiary on the bank for the purpose of payment.The invoice 商业发票it is the general description of the quality and quantity of the goods and the unit and total price.Transportation 运输is defined as the movement of freght and passengers from one location to another.Distribution 分配，发行combination of related parts or elements accepted or rejected as a single unit.Insurance 保险is a social device in which a group of individuals transfei risk and provides for payment of losses from funds contributed by all members who transferred risk.F.P.A.(free from particular average) 平安险is a very limited cover confining the insurer’s liability,stectly speaking, to only total loss of the insured cargo,and partial loss of or damage to the cargo is answerable only where the carrying vessel is grounded,sunk or burnt. Regional economic integration is the loosest form of regard economic intergration in which members remove barrier to the flow of goods and services among themselves while each member still adopts its own policy as regardsto trade with outsiders.翻译：1) International business involves more factors and thus is more complicated than domestic business. 国际贸易一般指不同国家的当事人进行的交易，它涉及到许多因素，因而比国内贸易要复杂得多。

国际商务英语复习资料国际商务英语复习资料在当今全球化的时代，国际商务英语的重要性日益凸显。

无论是从事国际贸易、跨国公司工作，还是希望扩大自己的职业发展空间，掌握国际商务英语都是必不可少的。

为了帮助大家更好地复习和掌握国际商务英语知识，本文将提供一些复习资料和方法。

一、商务词汇商务词汇是国际商务英语的基础，掌握一定的商务词汇是进行商务交流的前提。

在复习过程中，可以通过背单词、阅读商务文章等方式来积累商务词汇。

此外，还可以使用商务英语词汇书籍、在线词汇工具等辅助工具来巩固记忆。

二、商务写作商务写作是国际商务英语的重要组成部分。

在商务写作中，要注意使用正式、准确的语言表达自己的观点和意见。

在复习过程中，可以通过模仿商务邮件、商务报告等文档来提升自己的商务写作能力。

同时，也可以阅读商务英语写作指南，学习商务写作的常用句型和表达方式。

三、商务口语商务口语是进行商务交流的重要方式。

在商务口语中，要注意语速、语调、表达清晰等方面。

在复习过程中，可以通过与他人进行商务对话、模拟商务谈判等方式来提升自己的商务口语能力。

同时，也可以参考商务英语口语教材，学习商务口语的常用表达和场景对话。

四、跨文化交际国际商务英语不仅仅是语言的学习，还包括了跨文化交际的能力。

在国际商务交流中，不同的文化背景和价值观会对商务活动产生影响。

在复习过程中，可以通过学习不同国家的商务礼仪、文化差异等来提升自己的跨文化交际能力。

同时，也可以参加国际商务交流活动，与外国商务人士进行交流，亲身感受跨文化交际的挑战和机遇。

五、实践应用复习国际商务英语不仅仅是理论的学习，更重要的是能够将所学知识应用到实践中。

在复习过程中，可以通过参加商务英语角、进行商务模拟演练等方式来锻炼自己的实践应用能力。

同时，也可以参与国际商务项目、实习等机会，将所学知识运用到实际工作中，提升自己的实际操作能力。

总结起来，国际商务英语的复习资料包括商务词汇、商务写作、商务口语、跨文化交际等方面。

商务英语复习资料商务英语在当今全球化的商业环境中扮演着至关重要的角色。

无论是与国际客户进行沟通、参与商务谈判，还是撰写商务报告和邮件，良好的商务英语能力都能为您带来显著的优势。

以下是为您精心整理的商务英语复习资料，希望能对您的学习和提升有所帮助。

一、商务英语词汇1、商务常用词汇掌握诸如“accounting（会计）”、“marketing（市场营销）”、“finance（金融）”、“logistics（物流）”等核心词汇是理解商务领域的基础。

2、商务术语熟悉“breakeven point（盈亏平衡点）”、“market share（市场份额）”、“return on investment（投资回报率）”等术语，能够在商务交流中准确表达和理解专业概念。

3、行业特定词汇不同行业有其特定的词汇，例如在国际贸易中，“customs duty（关税）”、“freight forwarder（货运代理）”等；在金融领域，“credit rating （信用评级）”、“bond（债券）”等。

二、商务英语语法1、正式文体商务英语通常采用较为正式的语法结构，避免使用口语化或过于随意的表达方式。

例如，使用“it is necessary to”而不是“it’s gotta be”。

2、时态运用在描述过去的业务情况时，使用过去时态；在预测未来或提出建议时，常用将来时态。

3、被动语态商务场合中，为了突出客观性，被动语态的使用较为频繁，如“The contract was signed last week（合同上周签订了。

）”三、商务英语写作1、商务邮件邮件格式要规范，包括称呼、正文、结束语等。

语言简洁明了，表达清晰，注意礼貌和尊重。

例如：Dear Mr Smith,I am writing to inquire about the availability of the product you mentioned in our last meetingThank you for your attention and I look forward to your prompt replyBest regards,Your Name2、商务报告报告结构通常包括引言、正文、结论和建议。

高级商务英语1复习资料.docUnit l:The Empire Strikes back1. "When you want to create a climate and culture of hyper-growth, you really need to live and breathe emerging markets.”When you want to create a climate or culture of a super fast growing organization, you really need to come to emerging markets and feel in person what it is like living and working there.2. which brings together all of Big Blue's operations outside North America and westernEurope, which brings all of IBM's operations (units) outside North America and western Europe underits leadership.3. Latin America now reports to Shanghai.now under the leadership of Shanghai.4. based on the right cost, the right skills and the right business environmentif the cost is relatively low, the skills are up to standard, and the business environment is favorable 5. horizontally and globally It can pool all human resources of IBM and allocate them in an optimal way among business units across the world?6. Why IBM relatively painless sell PC department?When Lenovo, a Chinese PC company, acquired the business division of IBM, a global giant of the USA, there was no loss of face or national disgrace involved in this because it was considered nothing but an exchange of commodities?7. hot labour markets in emerging markets are causing extremely high turnover rates.the booming labour markets in emerging markets are causing fast flow of talents from one firm to another.8.IBM reckons that its global reach gives it an edge in recruitment and retention over local rivals.its global expansion helps it maintain a competitive advantage over local competitors in terms of the talents it hires and the longer time it keeps the talents9?thanks to an infrastructure boom that promises to span everythingdue to fast growth in the infrastructure construction business, which is estimated to cover every possible project from..?lO.There is still a striking lack of executives from emerging markets at the top of developed-country multinationals There are still very few local executives who can climb to the top management of developed-co un try multi nationals.11 ?the breadth and depth of management talentbreath=varied and divers讦ied management talentsdepth=experieneed and seasoned management talentsHead of strategy:?略发展总监hyper-growth:super fast growth Emerging market:新市场growth markets：成长型市场；增长型市Big blue：nickname for IBM 国际商业机器公Perennial：Iong-lasting; recurring; enduringline business： An LOB (line-of-business) is a general term thatdescribes the products or services offered by a business or manufacturer. In some large enterprise cultures, the term line-of-business (LOB) is used as a synonym for corporate division.cutting-edge： leading-edge; sophisticated; hi-techCommoditised： con verted into a commodityOutsourci ng：夕卜包The contracti ng or subc on tracti ng of non core activities to free up cash, personnel, time, and facilities for activities in which a company holds competitive advantage.Compa nies havi ng stre ngths in other areas may con tract out data processi ng, legal, manufacturing, marketing, payroll accounting, or other aspects of their businesses to concentrate on what they do best and thus reduce average unit cost. Outsourcing is often an integral part of downsizing or reengineering. Also called contracting out?承包Upstarts：firms that have risen suddenly to a position of power or wealth 新贵Pools： group of people available for work when required nJ 招ZR卩来的——些人：a pool of doctors available for emergency work为应付紧急悄况而待命的一些医生Tur no ver rate： A huma n resources metric which expresses the number of employees lost through firing, attrition and other means compared to the total number of employees in the company.人员流动率chief procurement officer： A chief procurement officer (CPO) is an executive role focused on sourcing, procurement, and supply management for an enterprise?首席采购官sales pitch：推销游说Pitchi ng： trying directly to persuade governments to buy this business or to make a deal with governments for this businessBlueprint： a set of proposals/plans expatriate managers；expat managers：海夕卜派遣经理at short notice：with notification only a little in advance bottom-of-the-pyramid： An economic term referring to the largest but the poorest socio-economic group constituting more than 2.5 billion people that live on less than $2.50 a day?金字塔底层executive suites：The term ”executive suites'1 referred tothe suite of offices on or near the top floor of a skyscraper where the top executives of a company work, usually in eluding at least the president or chief executive officer, various vice presidents and their staff?行政套房Fbach：legally catch 猎取Unit 2:The Harry Potter Economy1 ?“the tip of a publishing iceberg”constituting the smallest proportion of total sales generated by the publishing house2. there was no point bidding against the firm for a childrenf s titleIt was impossible to beat the firm in the com pet it io n for the market of children's books ?3. an article in the New York Times asked "Harry who?Two new adventure stories are now in the swim: the Greek myths, and the Arthurian legends. The Harry Fbtter model is out of fashion.4. The project appeared “too British for the studios but too big to be a British productio nThe movies appeared "too British for the American studios to man age well, but they are also too expensive to be produced solely in UK.”5. her “worst nightmare" was that her hero would end up on the side of fast-food contai nersthe image of her hero (Harry Fitter) would be printed on the side of fast-food containers, which Rowling thought would impact negatively the image of her hero.6. Given the rise of digital media and piracy, Harry Potter may be seen as a high-water mark in the industry?no film other than Harry Potter can make such remarkable achievements in the film industry, especially in box officeperforms nee.Division:Alternative term for business unit.部门market-testing:I1J场测试；销住实验；市场定位技术snowball effect:滚雪球效应；滚雪球似地迅速增人的效应；雪球效果Turnover:W业额，成交量Revenues: money that a business or organization receives over a period of time, especially from selling goods or services (income)Outfit:a business firm engaged in a particular form of commercial enterprisePlindits:a person who knows a lot about a particular subject and who often talks about it in public; an expertrevenue streams:收益源；盈利源A company's revenue stream is the amount of money that it receives from selling a particular product or service?(BUSINESS)The events business, she said, was crucial to the group in that it provides a constant revenue streamBlitz:an advertising or publicity blitz is a major effort to make the public aware of something. On December 8 the media blitz began in earnest.master toy licence:原版使用许可;主许可执照Unit 4:Silicon Valley visionary who put Apple on top1. ground?breaking productIn the hi-tech industry, people had bee n guessi ng about for mon ths what Apple's latest revolutionary product would be before it was debuted?2. there are no second acts in American lifeNo second act means you get one shot at the brass ring of success and even if you manage to grab it, life inevitably goesdownhill to a tragic anti-climax.It seems 99% of pers ons get this wrong, con sidering that it's always quoted in the context of someone or another f s re-emergence on the scene after going into an eclipse? Ftzgerald did NOT mean there are no second chances in American life-but that American lives tend not to have middle acts, when the fruits of our early labors can be appreciated, before going into the inevitable decline of old age?3. there are no second acts in American life does not come more decisively than this.There is nothing more definitely challenging E Scott Fitzgerald's much-quoted witticism that there are no second acts in American life than the act of Steve Jobs whose successful comeback had proved Fitzgerald wrong.4.0f all the fingers that Apple has poked into Microsoft' s eyes over the years, none can have rankled as much as the early success of the iPad.Of all the blows that Apple has dealt to Microsoft over the years, the early success of the iPad has inflicted the most pain to Microsoft.5.it points to a future beyond the computer mouseit points to a trend where the computer mouse is no longera must-have peripheral.6.and a world without Windows?and a computer world no Ion ger dominated by Windows because Apple's Macin tosh has come onto the stage. (I OS vs. Android)7.Sales of cheaper notebook computers are already suffering.The sales of cheaper notebook computers are already beginning to decline? The number of consumers buying Apple'siPad or upscale, higher-priced Mac computers is on the rise/increase.8. a company that has drawn on the openness of the web itself as the model for its own smartphone software.a company whose Android system for smartphones is based on the open Linux kernel and that advocates that the software for smartphones shall not be restricted on the open platform.9. The sophistication of his touch-screen devices is a long way from Mr. Job" s rudimentary start in the garage of his adoptive parents in suburban northern California ?It took Mr. Jobs a long long time to develop his highly sophisticated touch-screen devices, beginning with some simple devices in the garage of his adoptive parents in the suburban northern California?I 0.There was little i n Mr. Jobs* beg innings that gave a hin t of what was to come ?Nothing in Mr. Jobs1 humble beginnings suggested that he would be so successful in the years to come.II ?Mr. Jobs' spiritual aspirations left him with little use for either shoes or soap 6 for long periodSoBack from his spiritual pursuit in India, Mr. Jobs did not wear shoes or take a shower for a long time, which made his co-workers extremely worried?12. That means pushing relentlessly forward rather than milking old successes - even ones as significant as the iPod?That means he pushes forward an innovative project persistently and unyieldingly rather than dwelling/resting on old successes; he is even not satisfied with achievements as significant as the iPod? 13.Others now have Apple in their sights, forcing Mr. Jobs into the competitive moves that would oncehave seemed out of character.Others now see Apple as their target to pursue (enemy to conquer), which forced Mr. Jobs to take countermeasures so as to gain competitive advantages over his rivals, but this seemed quite unusual for Mr. Jobs for he was often too proud to care about competing with others. 14.a prouder Steve Jobs would not have let out the door.Steve Jobs was too proud to admit that he had imitated the product of others and thus limited the use of Ping to iTunes users only. I n other words, it had not been released for public trial.Visionary:If you refer to someone as a visionary，you mean that they have strong, original ideas about how things might be different in the future, especially about how things might be improved ?vision :愿景；视觉；远见In business，vision is foresight - the capacity to envisage future market trends and plan accordi nglyVision StatementAn aspirational description of what an organization would like to achieve or accomplish in the mid-term or Iong-term future. It is intended to serve as a clear guide for choosing current and future courses of action.Mission Statement?A written declaration of an organizatiorfs core purpose and focus that normally remains unchanged over time? Properly crafted mission statements (1) serve as filters to separate what is important from what is not, (2) clearly state which markets will be served and how, and (3) communicate a sense of inten ded directi on to the en tire organizati on.A mission is different from a vision in that the former is thecause and the latter is the effect; a mission is something to be accomplished whereas a vision is something to be pursued for thataccomplishment. Also called company mission, corporate mission, or corporate purpose.Sdelined: to prevent sb from playing in a team, especially because of an injury: The player has bee n sideli ned by a knee in jury.to prevent sb from having an important part in sth that other people are doing: The vice-presidentis increasingly being sidelined.washed up:No Ion ger successful or needed; finished; done.written off:If you write someone or something off, you decide that they are unimportant or useless and that they are not worth further serious attention.Seal:TD establish or determine irrevocably: Our fate was sealed?Rebo un d: (especially busi ness) a positive recovery/react io n that happe ns after sth n egative whipped up:to try to make people feel strongly about something; stirred upDisparagingly:slightingly; derogatorily; express a negative opinion ofreality distortion field:现实扭曲力场Reality distortion field (RDF) is a term coined by Bud Tribble at Apple Computer in 1981, to describe company co-founder Steve Jobs* charisma and its effects on the developers working on the Macintosh project? Tribble said that the term came from Star Trek. Later the term has also bee n used to refer to perceptio ns of his keynote speeches (or H St eve notes1') by observers and devoted users of Apple computers and products?The RDF was said by Andy Hertzfeld to be Steve Jobs1 ability to convince himself and others to believe almost anything with a mix of charm, charisma, bravado, hyperbole, marketing, appeasement and persistence? RDF was said to distort an audienee's sense of proportion and scales of difficulties and made them believe that the task at hand was possible?suspension of disbelief:Suspension of disbelief or willing suspension of disbelief is a term coined in 1817 by the poet and aesthetic philosopher Samuel Taylor Coleridge, who suggested that if a writer could in fuse a n human interest and a sembla nee of truth11 into a fan tastic tale, the reader would suspend judgment concerning the implausibility of the narrative? Suspension of disbelief often applies to fictional works of the action, comedy, fantasy, and horrorinitial public offering IPO:肖次公开券股肖次公开发行；肖次公开招股The first sale of stock by a company to the public? Companies offering an IPO are sometimes new, young companies, or sometimes companies which have been around for many years but are fin ally decidi ng to go public ? I POs are ofte n risky inv estme nts, but often have the potential for significant gains? IPOs are often used as a way for a young company to gain necessary market capital.Rankled:cause lasting bitterness or resentmentDigerati: People who are kno wledgeable about digital tech no logies such as computer programming and design conjured from nothing:lf you conjure something out of nothing, you make it appear as if by magic. premium prices : Premium pricing 溢价政策(also called image pricing or prestige pricing) is the practice of keeping the price of a product or serviceartificially high in order to encourage favorable perceptions among buyers, based solely on the price. The practice is intended to exploit the tendency for buyers to assume that expensive items enjoy an exceptional reputation or represent exceptional quality and distinctiori. A premium pricing strategy involves setting the price of a product higher than similar products? This strategy is sometimes also called skim pricing because it is an attempt to “skim the cream" off the top of the market. It is used to maximize profit in areas where customers are happy to pay more, where there are no substitutes for the product, where there are barriers to entering the market or when the seller cannot save on costs by producing at a high volume?Luxury has a psychological association with premium pricing. The implication for marketing is that consumers are willing to pay more for certain goods and not for others? T D the marketer, it means creating a brand equity or value for which the consumer is willing to pay extra? Marketers view luxury as the main factor differentiating a brand in a product category.venture capitalist:风险资本家；风险投资家；风险投资人A venture capitalist is a pers on who in vests in a busi ness ven ture, providing capital for start-up or expansion. Venture capitalists are looking for a higher rate of return than would be given by more traditional in vest me nts.Generally, venture capitalists are looking for returns of 25 percent and up.What's the difference betwee n a ven ture capitalist and an an gel investor?A venture capitalist is a professional investor. He or she manages a fund and is looking for suitable in vest me nts for that fund. An an gel in vest or is an individual who, while also looki ngfor a suitable investment, is also looking for a personal opportunity?In other words, the venture capitalist may have no business experienee applicable to the industry your company is involved in, and is focused on the potential rate of return your compa ny can provide. An an gel in vest or often has busi ness experie nee releva nt to your company and is interested in adding value to your company, as well as making a return on his or her in vestment ?Stint=tenure： A stint is a period of time which you spend doing a particular job or activity or working in a particular place?占有 (职位)Vision ary: If you refer to someone as a visionary, you mean that they have strong, original ideas about how things might be different in the future, especially about how things might be improved.W 远见的、有预见性的Milking：If you say that some one milks somethi ng, you mean that they get as much ben efit or profit as they can from it, without caring about the effects this has on other people.call the shots：定调子(ALSO call the tune; wear the trousers)to be in the position of being able to make the decisi ons which will influe nee a situati on exercise authority or be in chargeLieutenant：an assist a nt with power to act when his superior is absent; deputy 畐U FPragmatism means thinking of or dealing with problems in a practical way, rather than by using theory or abstract principles.实用?k义Mass Market:大众市场；人规模市场；大量市场Un-segmented market in which products with mass appealproducts (aspirin, orange juice, soft drinks, paperback romances, etc.) are offered to every customer through mass retailers or independent stores, and promoted through mass media?Niche Market：小众市场Expediency= convenienee means doing what is convenient rather than what is morally right. (FORMAL) eg：This was a matter less of morals than of expediency?利己、方便Concern： firm; company; businessme-too： a company's me-too product is one that is designed to be similar to a very popular product made by another companysand their fin gers down：sand down: to make a surface smooth by rubbing it with san dpaper Antitrust：反托拉斯的，反垄断的In the Un ited States, antitrust laws are in tended to stop large firms taki ng over their competitors, fixing prices with their competitors, or interfering with free competition in any way.Unit 5:The post-modern craving for creativity1. Pixar achieved its dominanee by making astonishing shifts in what was thought possible in animated filmmaking.Pixar became a market leader by making the impossible possible in animated filmmaking: theyhad made amazing groundbreaking achievements in the existing animation world?2. unproductive recreations offering no more value than a little R&R.The purpose of recreations is not to gen erate profits or in comes but to get nothi ng but a little rest and entertainment.3. placing this type of work on a par with the financial industry.making creative work rank equally with the financial work.4. And what role does creativity play in energy bra nds and how does it drive consumers to gravitate toward them?How does creativity contribute to vigorous and dynamic brands and how does it attract consumers gradually and irresistibly to them?5. maybe 農progress” isn't all that it'd been made out to b e?maybe it had been found out by people that modernism means much more than "progress11 only.6. deriving meaning out of life eludes many of us day by day.Many of us seems to forget what they live for.7. Like nine-year-olds wrestling with the question of Santa ClausLike children of nine years old who are always uncertain about whether Santa Claus really exists8. consumers are torn between wanting to believe modernist promises and being too savvy to suspend disbelief?consumers are very ambivale nt 矛盾的:on one hand, they want to believe what the modernist has promised; on the other hand, they do not want to believe in modernism blindly because they know very well that modernism cannot solve all their problems,e?g. understanding the meaning of life or human purpose.9.1 t's a conflict that few marketers can recognise.We know consumers do not want to be deceived 欺骗by marketing, but we also know no consumers will buy our products without marketing10. Yet we've found that creative bra nds transce nd their skepticism of marketing, allowing them to believe with no senseof hypocrisy, thus resolving the conflict?Yet we've found that creative brands clear the doubts in the head of consumers and make them believe in a real sense what is promoted in marketing. In this way, creative brands have solved the conflict satisfactorily.11 ?Creativity is embedded in the spirit of irresistible brands?What differentiates super brands from other less successful brands is creativity.12. there is n evertheless a sign ifica nt negative correlati on betwee n happ in ess and wealth?The more fortunes one possesses, the less happy one becomes?13. u So many lucky men, restless in the midst of abundance.MSo many people made a fortune overnight and they were unable to stay still or be happy where there were, when they were surrounded by material abundanee. depopulated : 人口减少reduce in population; desolate the Bureau of Labour Statistics :芳动统计局Creative services are a subsector of the creative industries, a part of the economy that creates wealth by offering creativity for hire to other businesses. Creative Services also means a department within a company that does creative work such as writing, designing, and producti on. It is ofte n a sub-department of the Marketi ng organizati on. Examples in elude: Design and production agenciesStudios Ideation consultancies Software development firms Temp agencyMarketing firmsPublic relati ons age ncies Advertisi ng age ncies Promotio nal age ncies Brandi ng age ncies Entertainment I ndustries币lent agency GuildsLike lawyers and accountants in the professional services sector, creative services firms sell a specialised technical service to satisfy the needs of companies that do not have this expertise themselves ?paradigm-shiftin：典范转移；典范移转；范式转换A radical change in thinking from an accepted point of view to a new one, necessitated when new scientific discoveries produce anomalies in the current paradigm.Modernism：American modernism, like modernism in general, isatrend of thought that affirms the power of human beings to create, improve, and reshape their environment, with the aid of scientific knowledge, technology and practical experimentation, and is thus in its essence both progressive and optimistic. American modernism is an artistic and cultural movement in the United States starting at the turn of the 20th century with its core period between World War I and World War II and continuing into the 21st century.negative correlation 负和关性A relationship between two variables in which one variable increases as the other decreases, and vice versa. In statistics, a perfect negative correlation is represented by the value while a 0.00 in dicates no correlation and a +1.00 in di cates a perfect positive correlation. A perfect n egative correlati on means that the relati on ship that appears to exist betwee n two variables is n egative 100% of the time .It is also possible that two variables may be n egatively correlated in some, but not all, cases.Here are a few examples of a negative correlation: The more time I spend at the mall, the less money I have in my checking account. The more hours I spend at the office, the less time Ispend with my family.cul-de-sac： blind alley —端不通的街道;死胡同.Bisociation：界类联想；界态混搭；界类混搭It is a study of the processes of discovery, invention, imagination and creativity in humour, science, and the arts. It lays out Koestler's attempt to develop an elaborate general theory of humancreativity.From describing and compari ng many differe nt examples of inventio n and discovery, Koest I er concludes that they all share a comm on patter n which he terms H bisociati orT - a blending of elements drawn from two previously unrelated matrices of thought into a new matrix of meaning by way of a process involving comparison, abstraction and categorisation, analogies and metaphors?He regards many different mental phenomena based on comparison (such as analogies, metaphors, parables, allegories, jokes, identification, role-playing, acting，personification, anthropomorphism etc.), as special cases of “bisociation”.The concept of bisociation has been adopted, generalised and formalised by cognitive linguists Giles F^ucorrnier and Mark Turner, who developed it into conceptual blending theory.frames of reference参照系；参考系；参考架构a structure of concepts, values, customs, views, etc., by means of which an individual or group perceives or evaluates data, communicates ideas, and regulates behavior.Overall context in which a problem or situation is placed, viewed, or interpreted. A too-narrow frame may leave out critical factors, whereas a too-broad frame may in elude many irreleva nt distractions.an in creme ntal and expone ntial idea1」n creme ntal inn ovati on is taking products, solutions and tech no logies which you curre ntly have today and doing some small advanceme nt on the same tech no logies or solutio ns The humble bicycle has evolved over time with new materials (particularly in the frames) new comp orients (no gears back in the old days), and accessories such as lights ?2. lech no logy is ever in creasing and ever advancing. We know this through Moore? s Law. And, technology has impacts that expand like the ripples on a pond. From the center (the developme nt and release of a new tech no logy) to the outermost ripple that seems un related ?An expone ntial idea is the one that helps in the fast across-the-board inno vat io n of the organization, involving business models, manufacturing processes, products and services, etc.Differentiation产品差界化；产品分化；产品差界性A marketing process that showcases the differences between products? Differentiation looks to make a product more attractive by contrasti ng its unique qualities with other com pet i ng products ? Successful product differentiation creates a competitive advantage for the seller, as customers view these products as unique or superior.Product differe ntiatio n can be achieved in many ways .It may be as simple as packagi ng the goods in a creative way, or as elaborate as incorporating new functional features? Sometimesdiffere ntiation does not involve ch a nging the product at all, but creati ng a new advert i si ng campaign or other sales promotions instead?Unit 7:BMW Drives Germany1. BMW has mastered the manufacturing fine arthighly developed techniques in manufacturing2. heavily unionized workforcethe workforce in which the percentage of employees that are union members is very high3?rival Audi is turning up the heatapply great or in creased pressure; turn up the pressure4. The recovery “has legs”To have en dura nee; to have prospects to exist or go on fora long time ?5. many German firms did their homeworkmade a careful preparation to fight back6」t， s all about mastering complexity.The recipe for success is to know perfectly well how to achieve synergy through merging complementary competencies?7. Putting BMW on a more efficient footing at home has enabled it to expand its product line in all directions?Maki ng BMW run more efficiently in the homeland of Germa ny8. But it makes up in price and prestige what it lacks in volume?the low sales of Rolls-Royce are offset by its high price and good reputation.9?“BMW' s main weakness is that life is get ting ever narrower in the premium segment, and it needs volume growth.the customer base in the upscale market is getting smaller, so BMW needs to grow fast in the volume of sales.Dealership 商品特许经销商:a business established or operated under an authorization to sell or distribute a company's goods or services in a particular area; franchise。

Lesson l International Business1.certificate of deposit 大额存单2. management contract 管理合同3.turnkey project “交钥匙”工程4.copyright 版权5．maturity 到期日 6.价值链value chain 7．承包生产contract manufacturing 8．特许经营者franchisee 9．国内生产总值gross domestic product 10.商标trademarkLesson 2 Income Level and the World Market1．GNP 国民生产总值2．Consumerism 消费主义 3 . factors of production 生产要素 4. purchasing power 购买力5．PPP 购买力平价 6.个市场的收人分布状况6. income distribution of a market 7．人均国内生产总值per capita GDP 8．经济合作与发展组织Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development 9．四方组合Quad 10.大路货staple goodsLesson 3 Regional Economic Integration1.political entity 政治实体2.OPEC 石油输出国组织3. settlement 结算4. council of ministers 部长理事会5．territory economies 区域性经济体 6.行政（执行）机构executive body 7．欧元euro 8．欧盟委员会European Commission 9．签字国，签字人signatory 10.关税税率tariff ratesLesson 4 Economic Globalization1.economic globalization 经济全球化2. technical improvements技术进步3．Inputs投入 4.headquarters总部5.parent company 母公司6．子公司affiliate 7．日常管理day-to-day running 8．国际经济环境international economic environment 9．跨国公司（企业）multinational corporation ( enterprise ) 10.职权jurisdiction Lesson 5 International Trade (I)1.international trade 国际贸易2. the theory of absolute advantage绝对利益理论3. nd and labor 资本、土地和劳动力4. with respect to关于5．appeal吸引力6．国际生产专门化international specialization 7．劳务services 9．比较利益comparative advantageLesson 6 International Trade (II)1.reasonable costs合理的成本2. inland water vessels内河船只3. cargo compartment货仓4.tariffs 关税5．customs union 关税同盟6．数量限制quantitative restrictions 7．外汇收入foreign exchange earnings 8.配额quota 9．关税减让tariff concessions 10.移民汇款immigrant remittanceLesson 7 Incoterms 20001．EDI 电子数据交换 2.Ex Work 工厂交货3．Free Carrier货交承运人4．CIF 成本、保险费加运费5．negotiable 可转让的，可流通的6．贸易术语trade terms 7．装运港船上交货FOB( Free on Board) 8．目的地，终点destination 9．无关税区customs-free zones 10.商业发票commercial invoicesLesson 8 The Business Contract1.offeree 收盘人2. sales confirmation．销售确认书3. binding obligations 约束性责任4. cotton piece goods棉布5．trunk call 长途电话6．报价quotation 7.仲裁arbitration 8．寄售合同consignment contract 9.购货合同9．purchase contract 10.书面谈判10. written negotiationLesson 9 Modes of Trade1.buyback 回购交易2. foreign exchange 外汇3. auction拍卖4．Creditor债权人 5. Volkswagen众汽车公司6.贸易方式modes of trade 7.反向购买，互购counter purchase 8.跨国界合同cross-border contract 9．代理agency 10.补偿贸易compensation tradeLesson 10 International Payment1. open account记账交易2. drawer出票人3. D/P at sight即期付款交单4.documentary draft跟单汇票5. consigment transaction寄售交易6．外汇管制foreign exchange control 7．远期付款交单D/P aft.er sight 8．受款人payee 9.汇率波动exchange rate fluctuations 10.光票clean draftLesson 11The Letter of Credit（ll）1．amendment修改2．negotiating bank 议付行 3. credit worthiness资信 4.carrying vessel运载船只5. legal action法律行动6．单价unit price 7．转船transshipment 8．信用证letter of credit 9．申请人applicant 10.保兑行confirming bankLesson 12 The Letter of Credit (lI)1.double assurance双重保障2. deferred payment推迟付款3.mechanism机制4. the maturity of the draft 汇票到期5．clean credit 光票信用证6．无汇票信用证non-draft credit 7．不可链讣信用证non-transferable credit 8．远期信用证usance credit 9．贴现discount 10.资金周转capital turnoverLesson 13 Major Documents Required in World Trade1.take delivery of提货2. port of shipment起运港，发货港3．notify party被通知人4．packing list 装箱单5．weight list重量单6．货运收据cargo receipt 7.收货人consignee 8．承运人carrier 9．单据documents 10.合法持有人legal holderLesson 14 International Transportation1.in a broad sense从广义上讲2. per-unit每一单位3. private carrier自有承运人4. logistics物流5. cost economies 节约成本（成本节约）6.契约承运人contract carrier 7．货物运输freight transportation 8．库存，存货inventory 9．生产率productivity 10.产品自然领域natural product provincesLesson 15 Insurance (l)1.Insured被保险人，保户，投保人2. handmaiden起服务（或辅助）作用的事物3. jeopardy危险，风险4. multi- modal transportation多种方式的运输5.known premium已知的保险费6．承保人insurer 7．保证margin 8．顾客client 9．共同款项pool 10.海上保险marine insuranceLesson 16 Insurance (ll)1.forwarding charges远期费用2. free from particular average平安险3. all risks一切险4．Pro rata按比例5．terms of sale 价格条件6．水渍险with particular average 7．导致损失的直接原因proximate cause of the loss 8．分摊contribution 9．可保权益insurable interest 10.最大诚信utmost good faithLesson 17 The International Monetary System and Exchange Rate1.the international monetary system国际货币体系2. direct quote直接标价3- flexible exchange rate浮动汇率 4. gold standard金本位制 5. special drawing right特别提款权6．买入价buying rate 7．利率interest rate 8.卖出价buying rate 9．通货膨胀inflation 10.国际收支平衡international balance of paymentLesson 18 International Financial Organizations1．hard loans硬贷款2．voting power 投票权3. development strategy发展策略 4. telecommunications电信5 . population-planning人口计划 6.私营经济private sector 7．借款权borrowing power 8．优惠期grace period 9．储备份额reserve tranche 10.股权投资equity investmentLesson 19 Foreign Direct Investment1．integrated company 综合公司2．supply factors供给方面的因素 3. distribution networks销售网 4. start from scratch白手起家5．after-sale service售后服务6．投资政策investment policies 7．外国直接投资foreign direct investment 8．并购acquisition 9．贸易壁垒trade barriers 10.营销优势marketing advantageLesson 20 The International Stock Exchange1．investor 投资者2．Jobber股票买卖经纪人3．indices 指数4.Equities普通股5- market maker证券交易商6．套期保值hedge 7．事业机构投资商institutional investors 8．所得税income tax 9．长期资本long-term capital 10.证券交易所stock exchangeLesson 21 The World Trade Organization and China1.non-discriminate 非歧视的2. GATT关贸总协定3．verdict裁决，判决 4. standard of living生活水平5．enforcement power 执行权6．最惠国条款most-favored nation clause 7．贸易保护措施protectionist measures 8.敏感产业sensitive industries 9．贸易赤字trade deficit 10.充分就业full employmentLesson 22 The United Nations Conference on Trade and Development1.preference优先权2. territory领土，领地3. transfer of technology技术转让4. industrialization process工业化进程5. international monetary system 国际货币体系6．联合国大会United Nations General Assembly 7．行动纲领action program 8.殖民地colony 9．机构organ 10.豁免条款escape clause全真模拟演练（一）1．correspondent bank 往来行，关系行2．tax holiday免税期3．gold tranche黄金份韧4．hyperinflation 极度通货膨胀5．negotiable transport document可转让装运单据6．bill of exchange汇票7．grace period 优惠期，宽限期8. preferential customs tariffs特惠税9．dirty float肮脏浮动10. endowment of nature自然的赋予11.关税减让tariff concession 12.从量税specific duties 13.贴现率discount rate 14.反补贴措施counter-veiling measures 15 .空运收据airway bill 16.差别待遇differential treatment 17.非关税壁垒non-tariff barrier 18.装船通知shipping advice 19.补偿贸易compensation trade 20.借款权borrowing power全真模拟演练（二）1．common market共同市场 2. certificate of origin产地证书3．business line业务范围 4. investment returns投资回报5．idle funds游资 6. cash in advance 预付现金7.title to the goods货物所有权8．direct quote直接标价9．trade terms贸易术语10. firm offer实盘11.分阶段付款periodic payments 12.价格条款price terms 13.跟单托收documentary collection 14.实际头寸net positions 15.大路货staple goods 16.结关customs clearance 17.唛头shipping marks 18.风险转移risk transfer 19.竞争性贬值competitive devaluation 20.起运港port of shipment Lesson l International Business1．国际贸易和国内贸易在法制体系、货币、文化背景和自然条件与经济条件方面都有所不同。

商务英语复习资料(总9页)--本页仅作为文档封面，使用时请直接删除即可----内页可以根据需求调整合适字体及大小--工作氛围 working environment一个显要的职衔an impressive job title正常工作时间regular hours市场开发部 developing markets officeIncumbent progamme 岗位培训课程嘉奖制度reward and recognition schemeGrow and maintain customer relationship发展和维持客户关系Research and development and manufacturing研发和生产独立法人，独立经销店 solo traderask for permission 获得准许 complain about a mistake 投诉一个错误confirm something is OK 确认某事 request information 索要信息change a booking 改变预定take voluntary redundancy 自愿接受裁退make redundant 裁员 ask clever questions 问恰当的问题commercial director 销售总监sales executive 销售总监sales argument 销售赔款合理的理由reasonable groundsemail confirmation form 电子邮件确认表sales and advertising teammarketing representative 营销代表 benefits and incentives 福利和奖励be prepared to fail做好失败的准备door-to-door work and cold calling挨家挨户的推销和进行不期而至的拜访一、短语翻译regular hours 正常工作时间flexible hours 弹性工作时间freelance 自由职业job-share 分担工作shift-work 轮班工作，倒班制part-time 兼职full-time 全职emping 当临时工specialist advice 专业咨询hot-desking 办公桌轮用office gossip 办公室小道消息office news 办公室新闻parental leave 父母假，育儿假，照顾新生儿女假routine type of person 按部就班的人get organised 安排有序set your limits 规定限度put pen to paper 签订协议two become one 合二为一open your mind 敞开心扉plan for disaster 有备无患find the perfect partner 理想搭档don’t feel guilty 勿感内疚Be prepared to communicate and share credit and blame.要能够相互沟通，功过与共.trade fair event 商品交易会coffee break 工间咖啡休息时间drink evening晚间酒会coaching event 专项体验训练活动useful contacts 有用的人际关系co-chair 联合总裁，主席international communication 内部交流post-it note 便条Life’s all about making connections 生活就是建立人脉关系Training and staff development培训和员工发展Flexible working hours 弹性工作时间Opportunities to travel 旅游机会Opportunities for promotion升职提拔机会Days off 几天短假Fact sheet 情况说明书Holding cmpany 控股公司Company car 公司配给的汽车Client service executive 客户服务主管Old and established 历史悠久Incumbent progamme 岗位培训课程Promote from within提拔内部员工Grow and maintain customer relationship发展和维持客户关系Research and development and manufacturing研发和生产Final salary pension scheme按最终薪水给付的养老金计划Non-cash reward 非现金形式的奖赏Once-in-a-lifetime 千载难逢的，令人难忘的Career goal 职业目标Senior management 高层管理人员develop a good training progamme to keep the saff motivated通过开发良好的培训计划来提高员工的工作热情have flexible management of time and work 灵活安排自己的时间和工作learn from other people’s strong points 学他人所长Distribution centre 配送中心Call centre 呼叫中心，电话中心Document management文档管理Innovative technology 创新技术Mission statement 目标宣传Headerquarter 总部 subsidiary 子公司Brabch 分公司 corporation 公司，法人Working in a team needs to have good interpersonal skills and is not necessarily efficient.在团队工作需要有很好的人际交往技能，不一定效率就高。

商务英语复习重点（全）PART 11.If you can accept payment by L/C, we will make you a very competitive ( C ).A.order C.offerB.enclosure D.offer firm2.We find your quotation for ( D ) much too high.A.woman blouses C.women’s blousesB.women blouses D.blouses3.For your information, our products enjoy a ready ( C ) in Europe.A.sell C.saleB.selling D.Sail4.If you are prepared to increase your ( B ) to 15%, we shall be pleased to purchasethe complete stock.A.price C.sales volumeB.discount D.Cost5.A recent market survey reveals that such articles are no longer ( A )A.in demand C.demandedB,on demand D.for demand6.The paper ( B ) our cartons is strong and damp-proof,A.lines C.linedB.lining D.which is lined with7.You would be ( C ) if the consignment should be ( ) to damage duringtransportation.pensated...subject pensated...subjectedpensated for...subjectpensated...subjected8.We are sorry to inform you that the items you ( D ) are temporarily out of stock.A.inquire C.demandB.request D.require9.We hope this will facilitate ( D ) the insurance cover.A.you to take out C.for you to take outB,you in taking out D.your taking out10.We can assure you that the ( C ) will be seaworthy.A.pack C.packingB,package D.packaging11.You can ( D ) a draft at 30 day’s sight thought Bank of China for the full CIFvalue of the invoice.A.establish fort us C.issue to usB.open against us D.draw on us12.Please ( B ) your L/C validity till June 21.A.extent C.expandB.extend D.effect extension for13.If you agree to payment by L/C, please ( B ) us at once.A.notice C.noterm D.advice14.Two months’ ( C ) is necessary for a change in specifications.rmation C.noticeB.note D.notify15.Please ( C ) “Freight to collect” as this transaction is concluded on CFR basis.A.amend C.deleteB.insert D.stipulate16.Please let us know if you can accept (A ) by D/P.A.payment C.our making paymentB.that payment is effected D.payment effected17.I ( D ) that payment bu T/T is desirable for this transaction.A.am considering C.will considerB.have considered D.consider18.Could you consider ( B ) us a special discount on this particular order?A.to grant C.that you grantB.granting D.that you may grant19.We ( C ) your inquiry of October 12.A.are on receipt of C.thank you forB.are in receipt of D.are obliged to20.As the goods may be ( B ) rough handling during transportation,the cartonsshould be strengthened with overall metal straps.A.subject to C.on the subject ofB.subjected to D.met withPART 21.Would you mind sending your representative here and answer in person a few ofA B C Dour question?T: C→to answer2.Mr. Brown is head of our import department, and as it he is responsible for all ourA B Cpurchase decisions.DT: B→as such3.Please send a package of sample tiles indicated in the enclosing list for us toA B C Dairmail to our principals in France.T: C→in the enclosed list4.We are interested in contacting a number of prominent manufactures in yourAcountry with a view to choosing lines suitable for the Spanish market.B C DNo error5.I will fax you at the beginning of next week to propose a mutual convenientA B Carrangement.DT: C→mutually6.Messrs.Brown & Clark of this city has informed us that you are exporters of laserA B C Dprinters.T: C→have7.We have recently established business relations with ABC Co. Ltd. We have justA Bsigned a contract for canned meat.C DT: C→signed with them8.If you want the goods to be insured against All Risks, we can effect it for you.A B C DT: C→the insurance9.We can assure you that we shall effect shipment as soon as we receive your letterA B C Dof credit.T: B→arrange10.It would be regrettable to see an order declined owing to disagreement on price.A B C DNo error11.As regards to your Order No.115, we are pleased to inform you that we are ableA Bto receive your proposal for payment by time draft.C DT: A→as regards C→to accept12.The risks which we normally insure against China Insurance Clauses are AllA B C DRisks and War Risk.T: C→as per China Insurance Clauses13.As your order has been ready for shipment, please inform your forwarding agentA B Cto make shipping arrangements.DT: B→is ready C→instruct14.Unless we hear from you on the contrary, we shall arrange shipment of theA Bconsignment as usual.C DT: B→to the contrary15.We are well aware thar S/C No.AC37 stipulates for shipment to be made inA BNovember; however, we will appreciate it if you will arrange advancedCshipment.DT: B→that shipment is D→to advance shipment16.The goods are to be shipped by the first available vessel to Antwerp forAtranshipment to Rhine lights, and we shall be glad if you will make the necessaryB Carrangements for this on a through bill of lading.DNo error17.We should be grateful if you would send us samples of the items you can supplyA Btogether with a comprehensive price list to so as to enable us to go fully into theC Dpossibilities of business.T: B→your available items18.As shipment time is drawing neat and our goods have been ready for quite some,A B Cwe hope you will open the L/C covering our S/C in time.DT: D→covering our S/C19.We find with regret that the several following points do not comply with theA B Cstipulations set forth in our sales confirmation.DT: B→the following C→conform20.Although we are fully booked for the next few month, your order is considerableA B C Dif you can agree to partial shipments.T: D→acceptablePART 31.Dear Ms. CarpenterWe thank yo for your letter of 20 May, and understand your concern with packing. We can assure you that we take every possible precaution to ensure (ensure) that our products reach (reach) our customers all over the world in prime condition.For your information, “Ariel” caviar is packed as follows (follow):Each jar is wrapped (wrap) in tissue paper before being packing (pack) in its individual decorative cardboard box. The boxes are then packed in strongcardboard cartons, twelve to a cartons, separated (separate) from each other by corrugated paper dividers.The cartons are then packed in strong wooden crates. Since the cates arespecially made to hold (hold) twenty-four cartons, there is no danger ofmovement inside them. In addition,the crates are lined with waterproof, airtight material. The lids are secured (secure) by nailing, and the crates are strappedwith metal bands.We hope this has answered (answer) your questions, and look forward to receiving (receive) orders from you.Yours faithfully,2.Dear Mr. JamesonYour Order No.2231--Our S/C No.99MO47We are pleased to inform you that the mopeds ordered (order) under the above number have been dispatched (dispatch) as arranged (arrange).The mopeds are placed in 50 cases, 2 to case. The cases are marked FBC in square, Malta, and numbered (number) 1-50.The consignment is arriving (arrive) at Malta on December 20, on the m.v African Queen, which sailed (sail) from Ningbo yesterday.Clean, shipped on board Bs/L in complete set, together with a commercial invoice and an insurance certificate, both in triplicate, have been handed (hand) to Bank of China, together with our sight draft in accordance with the terms os your L/C opened (open) with Barclays Bank, who, we believe will inform (inform) you of the arrival of the documents.We are sure you will be (be) more than satisfied with this consignment, and we look forward to hearing from you again.Yous faithfully,PART 41.Date: 13 December, 2013Dear Sirs or MadamesL/C No. UBI-20195933We are pleased to have received the captioned L/C for 8GB Sound-activated Video Camera Pen. As some of its terms are found to be not in conformity with S/C stipulations, we hope you will make the following amendments to enable us to effect shipment within the contracted time limit:1.The date and place of expiry should read “20/12/2019 Shang Hai”2.The amount in figures and words should respectively be “USD185,000”and“Say United States Dollars One Hundred Eighty-five Thousand Only.”3.Period for presentation should be documents must be presented within 20 daysafter the shipment date but within the validity of the credit.4.The wording regarding insurance certificate or policy required should bedeleted.5.Description of goods and/or services should be 10,000 items of CMP112G8GB Sound-activated Video Camera Pen.6.The Contract number should be 28KG603.7.The L/C No. should be UBI-20195933We look forward to your early amendments.Yours faithfully,PART 51.Documents against payment 付款交单2.Counter offer 还盘3.Price list 价目表4.Confirmed L/C 保兑信用证5.Turnover 营业额6.Import license 进口许可证7.Pro forma invoice 形式发票8.Sales confirmation 销售确认书9.Certificate of origin 原产地证mercial invoice 商业发票11.Charter party 租船合同12.Shipping space 舱位13.Beneficiary 受益人14.Bill of exchange 汇票15.Time draft 远期汇票16.Endorsement 背书17.Documents against acceptance 承兑交单18.Telegraphic transfer电汇19.Mail transfer 信汇20.Remittance 汇付PART 61.零售商Retailer2.批发商Wholesaler3.递盘Bid4.工厂交货Ex Works5.副署(to) countersign6.规格Specification7.平安险Free from Particular Average8.水渍险With Average/With Particular Average9.免赔险Franchise10.偷窃、提货不着险Theft,Pilferage & Non-Delivery11.装箱单Packing list12.公吨Metic ton13.航空货运单Air waybill14.海运提单Ocean B/L15.不符点Discrepancy16.往来银行Correspondent bank17.议付Negotiation18.溢短装条款More or less clause19.托收Collection20.票汇Demand draftPART 71.WPA With Average/With Particular Average 水渍险2.FPA Free from Particular Average 平安险3.T /T Telegraphic Transfer 电汇4.M/T Mail Transfer / Metric Ton 信汇/ 公吨5.D/A Documents against acceptance 承兑交单6. D /P Documents against payment 付款交单7.CFR Cost & Freight 成本加运费价8.FOB Free On Board 装运港船上交货价9. B /L Bill of Lading 提单10.S /C Sales contract 销售合同11.ICC Institute Cargo Clauses 伦敦保险协会货险条款12.T.P.N.D. Theft,Pilferage & Non-Delivery 偷窃、提货不着险13.FCL Full Container Load 整箱货14.UCP Uniform Customs & Practice for 跟单信用证统一惯例Documentary of Credit.15.G.W. Gross Weight 毛重16.N.W. Net Weight 净重17.G.S.P. Generalized System of Preference 普惠制18.M/R Mate’s Receipt 大副收据19.EXW Ex Works 工厂交货价20.EDI Electronic Data Interchange 电子数据互换（无纸贸易）PART 81.Training Situation:China National Silk Imp. & Exp. Corp. (the seller) has received an L/C from the buyer.Writer a letter asking the buyer to amend the credit bu checking it with the given contract terms,ABC BankDate: 4 June, 2005To: Bank of China, BeijingWe hereby open our Irrevocable Transferable Letter of Credit No.112235 in favor of United Textiles Company for account of China National Silk Imp. & Exp. Corp.up to an amount of GBP 1,350.00 (Say Pounds Sterling One Thousand Three Hundred and Fifty-Five Only) for 100% of the invoice value relative to the shipment of:3,000 pieces of silk blouses as per S/C No.PO5476 from London to China Port Drafts to be drawn at sight on our bank and accompaniced by the following documents marked “*”;Partial shipments and transshipment and transshipment prohibited shipment must be made not later than 31 Aug. 2005. This credit is valid at our counter until 15 Sept.2005.PO5476合同主要条款：卖方：中国丝绸进口公司买方：联合纺织贸易公司商品名称：女真丝衬衫规格：L,M数量：3,000件单价：CIF伦敦，每件45英镑总值135,000英镑装运条件：20XX年8月31日前自中国港口至伦敦付款条件：凭可转让的，不可撤销即期信用证付款，于装运前一个月开到卖方，并于上述装运期后十五天内在中国议付有效。