Test Paper.doc11.03

Package‘ptest’October14,2022Type PackageTitle Periodicity Tests in Short Time SeriesVersion1.0-8Date2016-11-12Author Yuanhao Lai and A.I.McLeodMaintainer A.I.McLeod<***************>Depends R(>=3.0),Description Implements p-value computations using an approximation to the cumulative distribu-tion function for a variety of tests for periodicity.These tests include harmonic regres-sion tests with normal and double exponential errors as well as modifica-tions of Fisher's g test.An accompanying vignette illustrates the application of these tests. License GPL(>=2)LazyData trueNeedsCompilation yesImports quantreg(>=5.0)RoxygenNote5.0.1Suggests knitr,boot,lattice,rmarkdown,GeneCycle,VignetteBuilder knitrRepository CRANDate/Publication2016-11-1221:41:37R topics documented:alpha (2)B1 (3)B2 (4)B3 (5)Cc (6)cdc15 (7)cdc28 (7)12alpha fitHReg (8)pgram (9)ptestg (10)ptestReg (12)simHReg (14)Index16 alpha Microarray time series experiment for yeast cell cycle from alpha ex-perimentDescription6,178yeast genes expression measures(log-ratios)with series length18from the alpha factor ex-periment.Usagedata(alpha)FormatMatrix with6178rows and18columns.Some missing data.Rows and columns are labelled.-attr(*,"dimnames")=List of2..$:chr[1:6178]"Y AL001C""Y AL002W""Y AL003W""Y AL004W".....$:chr[1:18]"alpha0""alpha7""alpha14""alpha21"...SourceThe data is extracted from the ExpressionSet of the R package yeastCC.ReferencesSpellman,P.T.,Sherlock,G.,Zhang,M.Q.,Iyer,V.R.,Anders,K.,Eisen,M.B.,...&Futcher,B.(1998).Comprehensive identification of cell cycle-regulated genes of the yeast Saccharomycescerevisiae by microarray hybridization.Molecular biology of the cell,9(12),3273-3297.Dudoit S(2016).yeastCC:Spellman et al.(1998)and Pramila/Breeden(2006)yeast cell cycle microarray data.R package version1.12.0.Examplesdata(alpha)qqnorm(colMeans(alpha,na.rm=TRUE))qqnorm(rowMeans(alpha,na.rm=TRUE))B13 B1Benchmark set B1DescriptionList for yeast genes which are most likely to be periodic(the benchmark set1in de Lichtenberg et al.(2005)).Usagedata(B1)FormatA vector containg113genes’names.DetailsA total of113genes previously identified as periodically expressed in small-scale experiments.Theset encompasses the104genes used by Spellman et al.(1998)and nine genes added by Johansson et al.(2003).SourceThe raw data can be downloaded from http://www.cbs.dtu.dk/cellcycle/yeast_benchmark/ benchmark.php.ReferencesDe Lichtenberg,U.,Jensen,L.J.,Fausboll,A.,Jensen,T.S.,Bork,P.,&Brunak,S.(2005).Compar-ison of computational methods for the identification of cell cycle-regulated genes.Bioinformatics, 21(7),1164-1171.Examplesdata(alpha)data(B1)alphaB1<-alpha[rownames(alpha)\%in\%B1,]4B2 B2Benchmark set B2DescriptionList for yeast genes which are most likely to be periodic(the benchmark set2in de Lichtenberg et al.(2005)).Usagedata(B2)FormatA vector containg352genes’names.DetailsGenes whose promoters were bound(P-value below0.01)by at least one of nine known cell cycle transcription factors in both of the Chromatin IP studies by Simon et al.(2001)and Lee et al.(2002).To obtain a benchmark set that is independent of B1,we removed all genes included in B1(50).The resulting benchmark set,B2,consists of352genes of which many should be expectedto be cell cycle regulated,since their promoters are associated with known stage-specific cell cycle transcription factors.SourceThe raw data can be downloaded from http://www.cbs.dtu.dk/cellcycle/yeast_benchmark/ benchmark.php.ReferencesDe Lichtenberg,U.,Jensen,L.J.,Fausboll,A.,Jensen,T.S.,Bork,P.,&Brunak,S.(2005).Compar-ison of computational methods for the identification of cell cycle-regulated genes.Bioinformatics, 21(7),1164-1171.Examplesdata(alpha)data(B2)alphaB2<-alpha[rownames(alpha)\%in\%B2,]B35 B3Benchmark set B3DescriptionList for yeast genes which are less likely to be periodic(the benchmark set3in de Lichtenberg et al.(2005)).Usagedata(B3)FormatA vector containg518genes’names.DetailsGenes annotated in MIPS(Mewes et al.,2002)as’cell cycle and DNA processing’.From these,we removed genes annotated specifically as’meiosis’and genes included in B1(67),leaving518genes.As a large number of genes involved in the cell cycle are not subject to transcriptional regulation (not periodic),and because B1was explicitly removed,a relatively small fraction of these genes should be expected to be periodically expressed.SourceThe raw data can be downloaded from http://www.cbs.dtu.dk/cellcycle/yeast_benchmark/ benchmark.php.ReferencesDe Lichtenberg,U.,Jensen,L.J.,Fausboll,A.,Jensen,T.S.,Bork,P.,&Brunak,S.(2005).Compar-ison of computational methods for the identification of cell cycle-regulated genes.Bioinformatics, 21(7),1164-1171.Examplesdata(alpha)data(B3)alphaB3<-alpha[rownames(alpha)\%in\%B3,]6Cc Cc Microarray time series experiment for Caulobacter crescentus bacte-rial cell cycleDescriptionIn this microarray experiment there are3062genes measured every1hour.There are19is missing gene labels and these have been given labels ORFna1,...,ORFna19.There310with duplicate labels.Of these duplicate labels,295are duplicated twice,12are duplicated3times and3are duplicated 4times.Duplicate labels are renamed ORF...to ORF...a and ORF...b etc.Usagedata(Cc)FormatMatrix with3062rows and11columns.Some missing data.Rows and columns are labelled.-attr(*,"dimnames")=List of2..$:chr[1:3062]"ORF06244a""ORF03152a""ORF03156a""ORF03161a".....$:chr[1:11]"1""2""3""4"...DetailsGene expression from synchronized cultures of the bacterium Caulobacter crescentus(Laub et al., 2000).(Laub et al.,2000)identified553genes whose messenger RNA levels varied as a function of the cell cycle but their statistical analysis was not very sophisticated and they probably identified too many genes.Wichert et al.(2004)found that44genes were found which displayed periodicity based on the Fisher’s g-test using a FDR with q=0.05.ReferencesLaub,M.T.,McAdams,H.H.,Feldblyum,T.,Fraser,C.M.and Shapiro,L.(2000)Global analysis of the genetic network controlling a bacterial cell cycle Science,290,2144-2148.Wichert,S.,Fokianos K.and Strimmer K.(2004)Identifying periodically expressed transcrips in microarray time series data.Bioinformatics,18,5-20.Examplesdata(Cc)qqnorm(colMeans(Cc,na.rm=TRUE))qqnorm(rowMeans(Cc,na.rm=TRUE))cdc157 cdc15Microarray time series experiment for yeast cell cycle from cdc15ex-perimentDescription6,178yeast genes expression measures(log-ratios)with series length24from the cdc15experiment. Usagedata(cdc15)FormatMatrix with6178rows and24columns.Some missing data.Rows and columns are labelled.-attr(*,"dimnames")=List of2..$:chr[1:6178]"Y AL001C""Y AL002W""Y AL003W""Y AL004W".....$:chr[1:24]"cdc15.10""cdc15.30""cdc15.50""cdc15.70"...SourceThe data is extracted from the ExpressionSet of the R package yeastCC.ReferencesSpellman,P.T.,Sherlock,G.,Zhang,M.Q.,Iyer,V.R.,Anders,K.,Eisen,M.B.,...&Futcher,B.(1998).Comprehensive identification of cell cycle-regulated genes of the yeast Saccharomycescerevisiae by microarray hybridization.Molecular biology of the cell,9(12),3273-3297.Dudoit S(2016).yeastCC:Spellman et al.(1998)and Pramila/Breeden(2006)yeast cell cycle microarray data.R package version1.12.0.Examplesdata(cdc15)qqnorm(colMeans(cdc15,na.rm=TRUE))qqnorm(rowMeans(cdc15,na.rm=TRUE))cdc28Microarray time series experiment for yeast cell cycle from cdc28ex-perimentDescription6,178yeast genes expression measures(log-ratios)with series length17from the cdc28experiment. Usagedata(cdc28)8fitHRegFormatMatrix with6178rows and17columns.Some missing data.Rows and columns are labelled.-attr(*,"dimnames")=List of2..$:chr[1:6178]"Y AL001C""Y AL002W""Y AL003W""Y AL004W".....$:chr[1:17]"cdc28.0""cdc28.10""cdc28.20""cdc28.30"...SourceThe data is extracted from the ExpressionSet of the R package yeastCC.ReferencesSpellman,P.T.,Sherlock,G.,Zhang,M.Q.,Iyer,V.R.,Anders,K.,Eisen,M.B.,...&Futcher,B.(1998).Comprehensive identification of cell cycle-regulated genes of the yeast Saccharomycescerevisiae by microarray hybridization.Molecular biology of the cell,9(12),3273-3297.Dudoit S(2016).yeastCC:Spellman et al.(1998)and Pramila/Breeden(2006)yeast cell cycle microarray data.R package version1.12.0.Examplesdata(cdc28)qqnorm(colMeans(cdc28,na.rm=TRUE))qqnorm(rowMeans(cdc28,na.rm=TRUE))fitHReg Fits Three Parameter Harmonic RegressionDescriptionEstimates A,B and f in the harmonic regression,y(t)=mu+A*cos(2*pi*f*t)+B*sin(2*pi*f*t)+e(t).The default algorithm is enumerative but an exact non-linear LS option is also provided.UsagefitHReg(y,t=1:length(y),algorithm=c("enumerative","exact"))Argumentsy series.t Time points.algorithm method for the optimizationDetailsProgram is interfaced to C for efficient computation.ValueObject of class"HReg"produced.pgram9 Author(s)A.I.McLeod and Yuanhao LaiExamplesset.seed(193)z<-simHReg(10,f=2.5/10,1,1)ans<-fitHReg(z)ans$freq#optimal frequency=0.2376238##ORF06806in Cc dataset.z<-c(0.42,0.89,1.44,1.98,2.21,2.04,0.82,0.62,0.56,0.8,1.33)ans2<-fitHReg(z,algorithm="exact")sum(resid(ans2)^2)#0.2037463ans1<-fitHReg(z)sum(resid(ans1)^2)#0.242072#compare with nls()t<-1:length(z)ans<-nls(z~mu+alpha*cos(2*pi*lambda*t+phi),start=list(mu=1,alpha=1,lambda=0.1,phi=0.0))coefficients(ans)sum(resid(ans)^2)#0.2037pgram Periodogram computationDescriptionThe periodogram is computed.Usagepgram(z,fr="default",method=c("periodogram","regression"))Argumentsz time series vector of length n,say.fr use"default"for usual Fourier frequencies,1/n,...,floor(n/2)/n.Set fr=N,to evaluate the periodogram at the Fourier frequencies corresponding to a time se-ries of length N.Finally set fr to any desired set of frequencies.Note frequenciesare in cycles per unit time sometimes called temoral frequency to distinguishfrom angular frequency.Both are widely used in time series.method either periodogram or regression10ptestg DetailsUses FFT.So if the length of z is a highly composite number,the computation is very efficient.Otherwise the usual DFT is used.ValuePeriodogram evaluated at the Fourier frequencies or R-square.Author(s)A.I.McLeod and Yuanhao LaiExamplesz<-sunspot.yearn<-length(z)I<-pgram(z)f<-I[,1]I<-I[,2]plot(f,I,xlab="f",ylab="f",type="l")title(main="Periodogram for Annual Sunpots,1700-1988")#z<-c(0.42,0.89,1.44,1.98,2.21,2.04,0.82,0.62,0.56,0.8,1.33)fr<-(1:50)/101pgram(z)pgram(z,fr=101)pgram(z,fr=fr)pgram(z,method="regression")pgram(z,method="regression",fr=101)pgram(z,method="regression",fr=fr)ptestg Test short time series for periodicity based on periodogramsDescriptionThis function is used to test the existence of the periodicity for a short time series(length<=100).Several methods based on periodograms are provided with the response surface method imple-mented for efficiently obtaining accurate p-values.Usageptestg(z,method=c("Fisher","robust","extended","extendedRobust","FisherRSR"),multiple=FALSE)ptestg11Argumentsz A series or a matrix containg series as columnsmethod The statistical test to be used.See details for more information.multiple Indicating whether z contains multiple series.DetailsThe null hypothesis is set as no peridicities,H0:f=0.Discriptions of different test statistics(meth-ods)are as follow:Fisher:The Fisher’s g test statistic.The p-value is computed directly from the exact distribution.robust:The robust g test proprosed in Ahdesmaki et al.(2005),where the p-value is computed bythe response surface regression method.extended:The extended Fisher’s g test statistic,which extend the Fisher’s g test by enlarging thesearching region of the frequency from the fourier frequencies to be En=j/101|j=1,...,50andj/101≥1/n.The p-value is computed by the response surface regression method.extendedRobust:Extend the frequency searching region of the robust En=j/101|j=1,...,50andj/101≥1/n.The p-value is computed by the response surface regression method.FisherRSR:Only for experimental purposes,the Fisher;s g test with p-value computed form theresponse surface regression method.ValueObject of class"Htest"produced.An object of class"Htest"is a list containing the following components:obsStat Vector containing the observed test statistics.pvalue Vector containing the p-values of the selected tests.freq Vector containing the estimated frequencies.Author(s)Yuanhao Lai and A.I.McLeodReferencesFisher,R.A.(1929).Tests of significance in harmonic analysis.Proc.Roy.Soc.A,125,54-59.Ahdesmaki,M.,Lahdesmaki,H.,Pearson,R.,Huttunen,H.,and Yli-Harja O.(2005).BMC Bioin-formatics6:117./1471-2105/6/117.MacKinnon,James(2001):Computing numerical distribution functions in econometrics,Queen’sEconomics Department Working Paper,No.1037.See AlsoptestRegExamples#Simulate the harmonic regression model with standard Gaussian error termsset.seed(193)##Non-Fourier frequencyz<-simHReg(n=14,f=2/10,A=2,B=1,model="Gaussian",sig=1)ptestg(z,method="Fisher")ptestg(z,method="robust")ptestg(z,method="extended")ptestg(z,method="extendedRobust")ptestg(z,method="FisherRSR")#Performe tests on the alpha factor experimentdata(alpha)##Eliminate genes with missing observationsalpha.nonNA<-alpha[complete.cases(alpha),]##Using the multiple option to do the test for all the genes##Transpose the data set so that each column stands for a genealpha.nonNA<-t(alpha.nonNA)result<-ptestg(alpha.nonNA,method="extended",multiple=TRUE)str(result)#The movtivating example:gene ORF06806in Ccdata(Cc)x<-Cc[which(rownames(Cc)=="ORF06806"),]plot(1:length(x),x,type="b",main="ORF06806",xlab="time",ylab="Gene expression")ptestg(x,method="Fisher")#Fail to detect the periodicityptestg(x,method="robust")ptestg(x,method="extended")ptestReg Test short time series for periodicity with maximum likelihood ratiotestsDescriptionThis function is used to test the existence of the periodicity for a short time series(length<=100).Likelihood ratio tests under the Gaussian or the Laplace assumptions are provided with the response surface method implemented for efficiently obtaining accurate p-values.UsageptestReg(z,method=c("LS","L1"),multiple=FALSE)Argumentsz A series or a matrix containg series as columnsmethod The statistical test to be used.See details for more information.multiple Indicating whether z contains multiple series.DetailsThe null hypothesis is set as no peridicities,H0:f=0.Discriptions of different test statistics(meth-ods)are as follow:LS:The-2loglikelihood ratio test statistic based on the likelihood ratio test with normal noises, where the p-values are efficiently computed by the response surface method.L1:The-2loglikelihood ratio test statistic based on the likelihood ratio test with Laplace noises, where the p-values are efficiently computed by the response surface method.ValueObject of class"Htest"produced.An object of class"Htest"is a list containing the following components:obsStat Vector containing the observed test statistics.pvalue Vector containing the p-values of the selected tests.freq Vector containing the estimated frequencies.Author(s)Yuanhao Lai and A.I.McLeodReferencesIslam,M.S.(2008).Peridocity,Change Detection and Prediction in Microarrays.Ph.D.Thesis,The University of Western Ontario.Li,T.H.(2010).A nonlinear method for robust spectral analysis.Signal Processing,IEEE Trans-actions on,58(5),2466-2474.MacKinnon,James(2001):Computing numerical distribution functions in econometrics,Queen’s Economics Department Working Paper,No.1037.See AlsofitHReg,ptestgExamples#Simulate the harmonic regression model with standard Gaussian error termsset.seed(193)#Non-Fourier frequencyz<-simHReg(n=14,f=2/10,A=2,B=1,model="Gaussian",sig=1)ptestReg(z,method="LS")#Normal likelihood ratio testptestReg(z,method="L1")#Laplace likelihood ratio testfitHReg(z,algorithm="exact")#the nls fitted result#Performe tests on the alpha factor experimentdata(alpha)##Eliminate genes with missing observationsalpha.nonNA<-alpha[complete.cases(alpha),]##Using the multiple option to do the test for all the genes##Transpose the data set so that each column stands for a genealpha.nonNA<-t(alpha.nonNA)result<-ptestReg(alpha.nonNA,method="LS",multiple=TRUE)str(result)#The movtivating example:gene ORF06806in Ccdata(Cc)x<-Cc[which(rownames(Cc)=="ORF06806"),]plot(1:length(x),x,type="b",main="ORF06806",xlab="time",ylab="Gene expression")ptestg(x,method="Fisher")#Fail to detect the periodicityptestReg(x,method="LS")#The periodicity is significantly not zeroptestReg(x,method="L1")#The periodicity is significantly not zerosimHReg Simulate harmonic regression modelsDescriptionSimulates a harmonic regression.Possible types of models are normal,t(5),Laplace,cubic and AR1.UsagesimHReg(n,f,A,B,model=c("Gaussian","t5","Laplace","cubic","AR1"),phi=0,sig=1)Argumentsn Length of series.f Frequency.A Cosine amplitude.B Sine amplitude.model The model used for generating the error term.See details.phi Only used if AR1error distribution is selected.sig The standard error of the series.DetailsGenerate a harmonic series y with length n,where y t=A∗cos(2∗pi∗f∗t)+B∗sin(2∗pi∗f∗t)+sig∗e t,t=1,...,n,and e comes from one of the following specified distributions with mean0and standard error1:Gaussian:A standard normal distribution(i.i.d.).t5:A t distribution with5degrees of freedom(i.i.d.,standardized to mean0and variance1).Laplace:A Laplace(double exponential)distribution(i.i.d.,standardized to mean0and variance1).cubic:A standard normal distribution for e,but y=y3this time.AR1:An AR(1)series with autocorrelation paramater phi(standardized to mean0and variance1).ValueVector of length n,simulated harmonic series.Author(s)A.I.McLeod and Yuanhao LaiReferencesMcLeod,A.I.,Yu,Hao and Krougly,Z.(2007),Algorithms for Linear Time Series Analysis:With R Package,Journal of Statistical Software23,51-26.See AlsofitHReg,ptestRegExamples#Simulate the harmonic regression model with standard Gaussian error termsz<-simHReg(10,f=2/10,1,2,model="Gaussian",sig=1)#Fourier Frequencyplot(1:10,z,type="b")#Simulate the AR(1)errorsz<-simHReg(10,f=0/10,0,0,model="AR1",phi=0.2,sig=1)acf(z)Index∗datasetsalpha,2B1,3B2,4B3,5Cc,6cdc15,7cdc28,7∗tsfitHReg,8pgram,9ptestg,10ptestReg,12simHReg,14alpha,2B1,3B2,4B3,5Cc,6cdc15,7cdc28,7fitHReg,8,13,15pgram,9ptestg,10,13ptestReg,11,12,15simHReg,1416。

Answer sheet for test paper of Chapter 11I.Fill in the table below by giving the corresponding English or ChineseequivalentsII.Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F)1 T 2T 3F 4F 5T 6T 7T 8T 9T 10TIII.Explain the following terms.1.Character means clients’ willingness to pay debts.2.Capacity means how much money is reasonable for each payment3.Capital means clients’ total financial status.4.Collateral means clients’ willingness to provide guarantee/assets to obtain creditfrom the hotel.5.Condition means economic situations that might influence clients’payingcapacity.IV.Choose the best answer to complete each sentence according to the text. 1D 2C 3D 4B 5AV.Give brief answers to the following questions.1.Why do items have to be checked by Receiving Department?They check quantity, quality, size and other important particulars such as manufacture date, expiry date so neither Purchasing Staff nor Suppliers can take advantage of the hotel.If items are not up to standard, the Requisition Department will suffer and eventually the hotel’s products or services will be affected negatively.2.What factors does the AR have to evaluate in order to grant clients creditratings?Character, Capacity, Capital, Collateral, Condition.3.How does AR get clients’ information about credit?Actually there are many channels: clients’ profiles in the hotel, information provided by banks and credit brokers.4.How does AR pressure clients to pay the hotel?First of all, make the hotel credit policy known when clients make reservations or check in.Secondly, mail bills to clients on time. Often this job is neglected by the hotel but many customers and travel agencies who do not have account payable system rely on these notices to make payments.Last of all, make a policy that finds a balance between amount owing and difficulty in collecting. When it costs more to keep trying, it makes more sense to write off the debt.VI.Critical thinking questions.e three examples to illustrate how the hotel controls cost.If one department wants to make some flyers, they have to fill in an Artwork Requisition (AR). On one hand, Accounting Department can justify the expense in Communications; on the other hand, the Sales people know how much to charge clients who use posters / banners for functions in the hotel, enough that will cover the cost of the flyers.If it happens to be a VIP ’s birthday while staying in the hotel, the hotel sends him/her a complimentary birthday cake, we have to fill in a Cake Order Form. This same form is used for other situations such as hotel employees’ birthdays. Human Resources use this so Pastry staff in F&B know to prepare cakes which staff fetch themselves. If a customer wants to hold a birthday party in our hotel, Sales or F&B staff fill in this form for him/her and then charge accordingly.Sales people plus divisional /departmental heads often entertain clients, business related people, they also need to fill in an Entertainment Request and get approval from their superiors who make sure they aren’t entertaining family members/friends.2.What jobs does the General Cashier usually perform in the hotel?Mainly there are four parts:●Collect all money /checks deposited into the drop safe. This safe is inGeneral Cashier’s Room. Every morning GC opens and counts moneydeposited in this safe by departmental cashiers at the end of previous dayin the presence of a witness, this witness could either be GC’s colleagueor a Security Supervisor. Cash/checks are deposited in the bank afterfilling in a General Cashier’s Report.●Provide changes for departmental cashiers, handle foreign moneyexchange. GC performs surprise checks on Front Office and F&Bcashiers’ cash flow regularly to ensure control.●Reimbursement or make payments in cash or check after approval ofrelevant departmental heads and Financial Controller. Prepare receiptsand remittance control ledger for all cash and checks received and paid.●Safeguard money kept in the hotel by locking General Cashier’s roomfrom inside to prevent unauthorized entrance.GC performs other duties from time to time as instructed by his /her superior. GC follows department procedures and when a problem arises, reports it to a superior immediately.Another important aspect of GC’s work is to guide staff in daily money related work, ex., opening invoices for hotel customers.。

8BMid-term progress fileV ocabulary:1. enables (allows you to do something)2. abroad (to a different country)3. destination (a place you are traveling to)4. nickname (friendly or funny name)5. currently ( now, at the present time)6. reminds ( helps you to remember something)7. influence (power to change one’s ideas)11. booked (arranged to rent a hotel room)12. surface (the outside of something)13. location (the place where something is)14. reception desk ( front part of a hotel)15. exclaimed (said loudly, with stress)16. the first letters of names (initials)17. people who stay in hotels ( guests)18. Read this explanation about (how paper is made from wood)19. Our muscles are connected (to the bones in our skeleton)20. We cannot see oxygen because (it is invisible)21. We can say that ice and steam (are water in different forms)25. Yesterday, I bought (an ) encyclopaedia in a book shop.26. I’m just going to (the ) market, Mum. Do you want anything?27. I don’t know this city. Where can I find ( a ) good restaurant?28. Well, (the) restaurant next to your hotel is very good.29. (The ) Oriental Pearl TV Tower is a very famous building.30. Mimi likes (/) tennis, so she has just bought a new racket.31.One day, I want to learn how to play (the ) violin.32. Where is your pen? ( It is in my bag.)33. What did your father do with his old car? (He sold it /his car to a garage.)34. Do the Tans live near you? ( Yes, they live in the flat under our flat.)35.Is this Mary’s bag? ( No, her bag has her name on the outside of it.)36. Shall we play after school? ( Yes, I want to show you my new computer game.)37. What is that barking from the Lis’ flat? ( It is their new dog.)38. What did you get for your birthday? ( My parents gave me a new camera.)39. What happened to you, Paul and John? ( A man hit us and took all our money.)40. People (cannot) breathe when they are under water.41. You (must not ) give a young baby big pieces of food.42. You ( must not ) jump onto a bus while it is still moving.43. You must not touch an electric fire.44. Dad, may I have some pocket money?45. You cannot use the printer because it is broken.Final Progress FileV ocabulary1.The kids made a mess in the house while their parents were away.2. The singer felt concerned about her voice because she had a cold.3. The girl rejected and help when she was in trouble.4 The man is always generous with his money.5. Please don’t slam the door when you leave the room.6. A person who is stone deaf cannot hear at all.7. ‘Never a dull moment’ means there is always excitement.8.A lively child is always happy and full of energy.9. There is such a racket that I cannot hear you very well.10. To walk for miles and miles means to walk a long way.11. The phrase ‘terribly often’ just means ‘very often’.12. to vanish ( to disappear, go away)13. to freeze ( to stop moving, to turn to ice)14. to relax ( to rest and enjoy yourself)15. to be impatient ( to be angry, not wanting to wait)16. to consider ( to think about something)17. to elect (to choose someone by voting)18. to conclude ( to come to the end of something)19. to have experience ( to have done something before)20. to talk… over( to discuss something)21 This little girl is lost.------ Whose child is she?22. Do you know Mr. Lo? --- No. Who’s Mr. Lo?23. I’d like some apples, please. --- Red or green ones, sir?24. A little car costs less to run than a big one.25. I’m a policeman. That gun is (mine).26. Are these books (yours), Jennifer?27. He’s a writer. That poem is ( his).28. We are very rich! That new car is (ours)!29. Oh, good! There are not (many) people on the bus.30. How (much) rice do you want?31. Shanghai has too (little ) land for all of its people.32. We need some more coffee. There is only a (little) left.33. Talk quickly, because I don’t have (much) time now.34. Is there ( much) information about water in this passage?35. I paid￥25 for these strawberries, and I only got a (few).36. People should not bend their tickets.37. You should not stand near the edge of the platform.38. Parents ought to carry young children on the escalators.39. you should give that seat to a disabled person.40. You ought not to eat on the Underground.41. Ought we to get on this train?42. We should not take pets to the train.9AMid-term progress fileVocabulary1.clues : These things help you find out who committed a crime2. a safe : You put valuable things in this strong box.3. a case : This is a problem which a detective must solve.4. a suspect : This person might have committed a crime.5. to admit :to say that you did do something.6. to deny : to say that you did not do something7. to purchase : to buy8. to jump to a conclusion : to make your mind up very quickly9. It is common knowledge that the earth goes around the sun.10. It is essential for humans to have food and water.11. Typhoons rarely hit our city in the winter or spring.12. The thief was unaware that a policeman was watching him.13. To operate this machine, you must press these buttons.14. After they passed their exams, they (celebrated) by having a party.15. He (seized ) the gun from her.16. In our swimming gala, I (succeeded ) in winning two races.17. The gas cylinder was too heavy for me to carry, and so I (dragged ) it up the stairs and into my flat.18. a large group of soldiers (an army)19. a very big, wide, flat piece of ground (a plain)20. made from the material of trees (wooden)21. big, strong doors (gates)22. I want (to be ) a detective when I grow up.23. I enjoy (watching) detective movies on television.24. Mary finished (reading) that book at 11.30 p.m..25. Oh, no! I have forgotten (to bring ) any money with me!26. Martin offered (to take ) me for a ride in his new car.27. He promised (to go ) slowly, but then he drove very fast.28. The police stopped him, and he admitted (driving) fast.29. Many things seem to get more (expensive) every year.30. Computers, however, are actually (cheaper) than they were five years ago.31. The (farthest) I have ever traveled was from Beijing to Sydney.32. I think that the (best) time to visit Hainan Island is in November, because the weather is excellent then.33. The (tallest) animal in the world is the giraffe.34. Qomolangma is (the ) highest mountain in the world.35. Leather is a stronger material (than ) plastic.36. (Has) Daddy gone to the office?37. Many students in China (have) never spoken to a westerner before.38. I’m not hungry because I have (already) had lunch.39. Have you replied to that letter from Mary (yet)?40. Have you (ever) seen one of Shakespeare’s plays?41. I have lived in this flat (since) April 1995.42. That television set hasn’t worked properly (for) two months.Vocabulary1. He lost his memory (after he had a high fever)2. It was reported that ( the police has found out the cause of death)3. There might be a link ( between these two clues)4. We had better think of (a new method to solve the problem)5. Close your eyes and imagine (that you are in a lonely island)6. For homework, memorize (the poem on page 88)7. She fell over and injured ( her left hand and right ankle)8. If you connect this wire to ( the battery, the light works)9. Four sailors were saved from ( the sea in a dramatic rescue)10. If you want to improve your ( English, you must read more)11. The driver could not ( control ) his lorry and crashed into a tree.12. This torch is not working. It ( requires) new batteries.13. If your shoes are dirty, please ( remove ) them before you enter the flat.14. At Christmas, many coloured lights are ( hung ) from the buildings.15. a simple boat, made from long pieces of wood ( raft )16. a plant which is very useful to people ( bamboo)17. an adjective used for describing old people ( elderly)18. done for many years in the same way ( traditional)24. This week, the weather seems to (vary) every day: one day is hot, the next day is cold.25. The hospital was short of blood, so it made an (appeal) for people to come and give blood.26. An (invention) is when you make something new, for the first time.27. That artist’s ideas (come ) across very clearly in her pictures.Language:28. Mr. Li’s new car (was made ) in Korea two years ago.29. Every day, millions of plastic bags (are thrown) away in our city.30. Tomorrow there is a programme about our school on television. Our school (will be seen ) by millions of people!31. Thousands of electronic products ( are manufactured) in our city every day.32. This photograph ( was taken ) on my wedding day.33. This car park ( is visited ) by a police officer every 10 minutes.34. The 2008 Olympic Games (will be held) in Beijing.35. The trees in our school ( will be watered ) in the afternoon.36. Vehicles ( were not allowed ) to enter the district yesterday.37. It is surprising that all the work ( is done) by hand.38. A meeting ( is being held) in the hall so please keep quiet.39. If you put paper into a fire, it burns.40. If you go on Star Ferry, you will have a good view.41. If I see a mouse, I will scream!42. If you cannot hear well, please sit near the front of the class.43. She will not get well unless she takes the medicine.44. You will get very fit if you run five kilometers every day.45. If you use your dictionary often you will improve your spelling.46. The police will stop you if you drive too fast.47. If it is fine next Saturday, we shall go to the beach and enjoy ourselves.48. You cannot enter the cinema unless you have a ticket.49. My brother is two metres in height. It’s very ( difficult to find) clothes big enough for him.50. Although that singer ( sounds terrible) , his songs are very popular.51. My dog is very friendly. It is ( safe to touch) him if you want to.52. It is ( easy to find) a good hotel in our city because we have many of them here.53. Dolphins are rare, but sometimes it is ( possible to see) them near here.54. The food in that restaurant ( looks delicious) , but it tastes awful.9BMid-term progress fileVocabularyV ocabulary1. Three men drowned when their ship sank in a storm.2. A planet which is lifeless has no living things on it.3. Good exam results are vital if you want to go to university.4. Air pollution is caused by cars, factories and fires.5. Erosion is caused when soil is washed away by rain.6. A ‘Big Mac’ contains many different layers of food.7. The atmosphere is the air around the earth.8. The fuel used in most cars is petrol.9. The biggest dinosaurs were massive animals.10.These days some people (keep in touch) by using fax or e-mail.11. I feared that the film would be boring but it (turned out) to be very exciting.12. Many good projects in Shanghai (are funded) by world-famous companies.13. A (sightseeing tour) is a good way to see a foreign city quickly.14. feeling that you can do anything (confident)15. someone who looks after you when you are a guest (a host)16. a hole or space between two things ( a gap)17. not from your own country ( foreign)18. New Zealand does not have as many people as Shanghai does.19. In the winter, Guangzhou is not as cold as Beijing.20. Tom and Paul are twins, and so Tom looks like Paul.21. These two ties are the same, except that one is made of silk and the other is made of cotton.22. Tea tastes different from coffee.23. My father is 42, which is the same age as your father.24. If I ( won) a trip abroad, I ( would go) to New Zealand.25. If I (visited ) France, I ( would like) to see the Eiffel Tower.26. I (would learn) Japanese if I (had) more time.27. If I (could ) afford to buy any car, I (would buy) a Rolls-Royce.28. If I (saw) Na Ying, I (would ask) her for her autograph.29. I (would have) more room in my wardrobe if I (threw) away all my old clothes.30. If I (forgot) to go to school one day, I (would feel) very silly!Final Progress FileV ocabulary1. An independent country is not (controlled by another country)2. Sybil’s burning desire is ( to become a ballet dancer)3. Cosmetics are things such as ( lipsticks and face cream)4. Everyone abandoned the ship ( when it caught fire)5. An extraordinary event is (strange, amazing or unusual)6. It was very generous of Dad ( to double our pocket money)7. Go and do your homework now, (and stop grumbling about it)8. It is fashionable to change (the colour of your hair)9. In my childhood, said Dad, (children didn’t get allowances)10. Do you ever dream of ( becoming a famous pop star)?11. I want to talk to you with ( regard to your school report)12. I did not know the answer, and so I just (guessed ) it.13. A sign said ‘No Smoking’ but the woman (ignored) it and lit a cigarette.14. I (dipped ) a toe into the swimming pool. The water was cold.15. At the end of the quiz, our school team ( gained ) 185 points and we won the contest.16. in a correct and good way (properly)17. a short time later ( after a while)18. etc.; and more similar things or actions (and so on)19. a small toy; a ball of glass ( a marble)20. What (were ) you all (doing) at nine o’clock last night?21. I (was watching) television at that time.22. While I (was walking ) home, a plant pot (fell) on the pavement near me.23. I ( lost) my ring while I (was swimming) in the pool.24. When Julia (was staying ) in New York, she (met) a famous French actor.25. While we (were watching) the film, I suddenly (noticed) a man with a gun.26. These are the shoes that I wore when I was in kindergarten.27. Miss Xie is the teacher who teaches us music.28. This is the man that I saw outside the bank just before the robbery.29. June is the girl who/that was born on the same day as I was.30. Try one of those cakes which /that have white icing on top.31. I’ve found the problem which /that was affecting your television picture.32. You must reply to that Canadian boy who/that wrote you a letter.33. Karen says that she usually wakes up at five o’clock.34. Bill says that his father cooks the meals in their house.35. Wendy says that she doesn’t know how to use a washing machine.36. Ben says that his parents want him to become a doctor.37. Jim says that he often discusses his homework with his brother.38. Laura says that Jim’s brother is very clever, and helps her sometimes.。

Test Paper 01The Seller agrees to grant to the Buyer and the Buyer agrees to obtain from the Seller a license to manufacture the Contract Products as well as to conduct Erection, Test Run, Commissioning, Performance Test, operation and maintenance for the Plant with Patent and/or Know-how as well as to use and sell the Contract Products. The name, model, specification, and technical data of the Contract Products are detailed in Appendix 1. The Buyer shall not make use of Patent and/or Know-how for any purposes other than those stipulated in the Contract without prior written approval from the Seller. The annual output of the Contract Products manufactured by the Buyer shall in no case exceed _______________.The Seller agrees to grant a license to the Buyer to use and sell the Contract Products only within the territory of ________________________ (Country or region). In case the Buyer fails to perform its obligations under this Clause, all the actual losses and damages thus incurred to the Seller shall be borne by the Buyer, and the Seller shall have the right to terminate the Contract without prejudice to any remedies specified in the Contract.The Buyer shall provide to the Seller within ____ ( ) days after the Effective Date of the Contract, all the design data which shall be taken as the design basis. The Seller shall not be liable to the Buyer for, and the Buyer shall indemnify the Seller and hold the Seller harmless from any damages or failure caused by the incompleteness, incorrectness and/or inaccuracy of any such information and data.试卷01参考译文卖方同意向买方授予且买方同意从卖方获得许可证；该许可证允许买方利用专利和/或诀窍来生产合同产品；实现装置安装、试运、试车、性能考核、操作维护以及使用和销售合同产品。