[新东方]口语课堂笔记(Jerry)

Note of the New Oriental Class forthe TOEFL iBT Test Speaking Section●Overview2 independent tasks about familiar topics4 integrated tasks (2 reading/listening/speaking 2 listening/speaking)(2 about campus life 2 about academic topic)Chinese students’ problems with speaking and solution✓语音问题:双元音发音；部分辅音；单词重音；连读和失爆；句子意群停顿；音量、音调、速度、节奏；✓其他问题:人称混用；动词人称变化；冠词；空洞说理、缺乏例子；用词过偏；✓针对题目设置的解决方法:模仿：旧托福的Part A部分听记：旧托福的Part B (针对Task 3&5 ) Part C (针对Task 4&6)录音重听：纠正自己的错误、改进不足●Independent Speaking✓Task 1利用TST模板进行笔记，规划所讲的内容：T-topicS-supporting details and examplesT-transitionsExample:Q: How would you like to spend your leisure time? Choose a leisure activity and explain why you like to do it.T: surf the InternetS: feel relaxed get information make friends/online chattingT: first , also , becauseCommon Topic描述人物：（加入例子较好）表示品格的词：friendly, helpful, neat, considerate, dedicated, devoted, humor, knowledgeable, passion, responsible, loyal;赞美用词：fabulous(fab), magnificent(mag), glamorous(glam), terrific, awesome, amazing, incredible, fantastic, gorgeous, superb, charming, outstanding, cool, super cool, ultra cool;常用句型：He is great/terrific/amazing/somebody/something.He did an excellent job.He really impresses me.He is an outstanding indibidual.He is a great asset to our univ/company.It’s really impressive the way he … us.I admire him./I’m proud of him.描述地点：主要特点：beautiful, sceneries, paradise, shopping facilities, modern, various transportation, convenient, host important events;描述节日：中外节日：New Year’s Day, Spring Festival, Mid-Autumn Festival, Dragon-boat Festival, Christmas, Valentine’s Day;描述点：family union, get-together, happiness, relax, rest, travel;描述食物：（熟悉名称）主要特点：nutritious, delicious, not expensive, easy access;描述工作/职位：（工作表述，举例）特点：challenging job, decent salary, chance for promotion, nice office;描述物品：（重要性，特殊性）Get from who/where? Why it is important?描述学习：（目的，未来打算）描述事件：（为何难忘，有何启发）形容：impressive, unforgettable, unmemorable, occur, happen;描述体育项目：（喜爱原因）通用点：exercise, relax, team spirit;Answer FormatI like …for the following three reasons.Firstly , … ,for instance, … Secondly, … Finally, …Therefore … (optional)Sample AnswerNo.1 What new skill would you like to learn?I would like to learn how to play soccer. Now I can only play table tennis, so this would be a new challenge for me. It would be a good skill to have because I could have very good exercises and build up my muscles. Also I could join a soccer team and play with my team members. Maybe I could make big fortune when I become a star player. Finally, I might be able to meet some friends of the same interest. That’s really cool.No. 2 What are the characteristics of a good teacher? Use reasons and examples to support your responses.In my opinion, there are three main characteristics of a good teacher. Firstly, he should be knowledgeable, that is, he should know a lot to share with us. Secondly, he should be humorous because I want to hear funny stories from him. Finally, he should be dedicated as it is an important quality of a teacher.No. 3 What famous person would you like to visit for one hour? Explain why you would like to meet this person. Include details and examples in your explanationI want to visit Bill Gates, the richest man in the world, for three main reasons. Firstly, he is a multi-billionaire that earns so much money; secondly, he is a computer genius. His company andhimself influence not only the world but also our daily lives. Lastly, he is a major contributor to the world’s charities. I want to know the secret of his success and share with the people of same interest.No. 4 Describe a place where you go for rest and relaxation. Explain why it is a good place for you to relax. Include details and examples in your explanation.My favorite place for rest and relaxation is Beijing, the capital city of China. I like the city for three main reasons. First, it has a lot of scenic spots like the Great Wall and the Summer Palace which are so impressive. I like Beijing also because it is China’s commercial center. Finally, Beijing will host the 2008 Olympic Games. At that time, people from around the world will come to Beijing and enjoy her beauty and prosperityNo. 5 Describe a person you admire and give details and examples in your explanation.I admire Nelson Mandela for several reasons. First, he is an excellent speaker, and his ideals inspired many people. Second, he spent over 20 years in jail as a political prisoner. However, that experience didn’t stop his dream. Third, he became the [resident of South Africa when he was 70 years old, I admire Nelson Mandela because he was a strong leader for his country at a time of change.✓Task 2Format for paired-choice response:Repeat the question (optional)Choose a positionDefend your choice by stating: advantage of A + disadvantage of Bdisadvantage of A + advantage of Badvantage of A or advantage of BAnswer FormatPersonally, I prefer doing A instead of doing B for the following two reasons.First, … for example, …(compare A and B with details) Also,…In conclusion, I like A better.Tips:快速决定立场使用回答模板（Format for paired-choice response）用两个主要原因再加上举例例子越具体越好如可能，结尾处再加强一下观点Sample AnswerNo.1 Sometimes students have to write paper. Sometimes they have to give oral presentations. Which activity do you think is better for students and why? Includes details and examples in your explanation.1. Students have to write papers and give oral presentations. I think oral presentations are better because they are easier and take less time to prepare, Another reason is oral presentations are interesting for other students who are listening. Finally, many jobs require oral presentations. Therefore, students can learn an important skill and develop confidence in speaking to a group.2. I think writing paper is better for students. Firstly we need to develop strong writing skills. Wego to school mainly to learn reading and writing, so we need a lot of practice. Exam requires a lot of writing, so writing papers is good preparation. Also, I think writing is a better way to show that I understand. When I write a paper, I can think deeply because I have more time to explain my ideas.No. 2 Some people prefer having meals at Chinese restaurants, but some other prefer American-style fast food like KFC and McDonald’s. Which do you prefer and explain why?1. I think American style fast food would be better. Firstly, I can save a lot of time as a result of its fast service. For instance, if I have fast food, it only takes about 30 minutes, while if I have Chinese food, it will be an hour. Another reason is that it tastes good. French fries and big Mac are my favorite. Lastly, eating fast food has become a sign of fashion among youth. Of course, I want to a fashionable guy.2. I think Chinese food would be a better choice. Firstly, they are nutritious which have a lot of body-building nutrition and vitamin we really need. Also, there is a large variety of choices. For instance, if you like spicy food, you could choose Sichuan style restaurant. Finally, you can learn sth about Chinese food culture by going to Chinese restaurants. The names of some dishes are truly interesting, like my favorite “ants climbing the trees”. Actually, it is noodle fried with minced meat.No.3 Some people like going after fashion. Other people don’t. Which do you prefer and why? Include details and examples in your explanationI wouldn’t go after fashion for the following two reasons. First, it costs so much money. You have to keep buying the clothes of the latest fashion and style. You have to spend money like water. Also, it is energy-consuming. Since you have to keep checking the newspaper and turn to radio or TV for the latest fashion which changes frequently. You will get so exhausted. Therefore, it is hard for me to follow.No. 4 Some students like to live off campus, like rent an apartment to live in; while others prefer living on campus, like stay in the dormitories. Which would you prefer and why? Include details and examples.Personally, I prefer living off campus. First, I want to have my own privacy. I can’t imagine that 5 or 6 people stick together. I don’t want my roommates to know whom I’m calling or dating, what books I’m reading or what movies I’m watching. Also, I’m crazy about rock music, so I don’t want to bother others. Meanwhile, I like cooking greatly. And that calls for private space. In short, I will live off campus in any event.No. 5 Some people go to school on foot, others go to school on bus, train, etc. Which do you prefer? Include details and examples in your explanationThere are several good reasons why I would ride bicycle to school rather than by other forms of transportation. One is cost, I will save a lot of money if o go to school every day by bicycle. Another is comfort and convenience. I will thus worry no more about car engine failure, traffic jam, and soaring gas price. Finally, cycling is also very good exercise for me. Therefore, bicycle is my ideal choice.Independent Task Key Point参照OG评分标准，注意自己的问题（Rubrics of the speaking section:To the pointEnhance grammar stuff, patterns, and frequently-used idiomsPronunciation, intonation and stressTime your presentation）时间控制，15秒时间准备TST模式是准备是最快捷的方式将教材上的主题归类后，挨个练习准备一些万能理由及适用形容词录下自己的答案，重听感觉✓Independent Task Tips for the TEST充分熟悉考试界面合理利用好准备时间，写下简短提纲说话清晰，速度适中（80～90字/分钟）注意好答题剩余时间✓Addition：Important transitional words转折/让步: but, however, although, even though举例: for instance, take …for example, such as, namely解释说明: that is, that is to say, in other words, let me put in this way做结论: in short, in conclusion, all in all, in a word, in a nutshell, to sum/wrap up表因果: because, since, hence, therefore, consequently, due to, as a result of, eventually 表比较in contrast, compared to, similarly表同步: meanwhile, in the mean time表强调: in particular, especially表选择: instead of, rather than表观点: personally speaking, frankly, in my opinion, from my point of view,;It is my belief/opinion that…Professor state/claim/argue/maintain/conclude●Integrated Task✓Task 3(Reading/Listening/Speaking)Reading passage: background information (100 words 45”)Listening lecture: develop and expand the reading material (60”~90”)Speaking: combine information in two sources, no personal opinionNote taking tips:Reading: (key words)words that are repeated throughout the passagenames/numbers (dates, years)examplescause-and-effect relationshipListening:be able to determine the speaker’s opinion or attitude toward the proposal;be able to understand the relationship between what the speakers say and what you havelearned from the reading passage;Answer FormatIn this set of materials, the reading passage describes a notice…and the listening passage is a discussion by two students on… (summarize each passage with one sentence)According to the reading passage, the notice explains/discussIn the listening passage, the students discuss the notice…(more)Tips:1.阅读-背景知识；听力-扩展补充（更重要）2.回答不能有任何个人观点3.记笔记是关键4.模板句型仅供参考5.控制时间很重要（8~9句话）Sample AnswerNotice posted around the library( 综合教程P 322 No.2)In this set of materials, the reading passage is a notice on library rules and the listening passage is a conversation between two students about the notice.According to the reading passage, only reading, working on research and studying are allowed in the library. While talking, sleeping, eating, drinking and playing loud music are prohibited.In the listening material, the woman seems to be happy about the notice as she wants to study in peace and quietness. On the contrary, the man is upset about the rules. He will find somewhere else to study if the rules are enforced.No. 2 Announcement from the music department (综合教程P 438 No.3)In this set of materials, the reading passage is a notice about the spring show and the listening passage is a conversation between two students about the notice.According to the reading passage, ticket for the spring show will go on sale for students on March 1. The remaining ticket will be sold to the public on March 8. It will be hard to get one as the tickets sell out so fast.In the listening passage, the man showed great enthusiasm to the show. He repeatedly tells the woman that it is an event she can’t miss. And the tickets sell out so quickly that the women should get it immediately. Finally, the woman has decided to go watching the show.综合教程P198，No 2In this set of materials, the reading passage describes a notice from the university, and the listening passage records the students’reaction on the message.The reading passage is about the retirement of a professor. It states that she has served the university for 50 years and will retire at the end of next spring semester. People think highly of her because of her commitment to the students and her numerous publications.In the listening passage, two students talked about the news. They are sorry the professor isretiring. The woman’s father took class from the same professor 30 years ago. Both students decide to take her class in the coming spring semester.综合教程P199，No 3In this set of materials, the reading passage explains part of a class syllabus, and the listening passage provides a student discussion on the strict policy stated in the syllabus.According to the reading passage, the professor has a strict policy on late assignment. No excuse will be allowed to miss the due date. And grade on any late assignment will be zero.In the listening passage, two students talked about this policy. The man doesn’t believe that the professor could be so strict. Then the woman tells him a story about an injured student whose late paper was not accepted. Then the man finally realizes that the policy is serious.综合教程P230，No 3In this set of materials, the reading passage describes a notice from the university food service and the listening passage shows students’reaction to the notice.According to the reading passage, the main cafeteria of the university will be closed temporarily. Students with meal cards can use them at 3 snack bars on campus.In the listening passage, two students are on their way to the snack bar for lunch. The man sees the notice and finds it unbelievable. The woman knows something about the notice and says it is a fire that causes the closure of the main cafeteria.综合教程P290，No 2In this set of materials, the reading passage explains an assignment given to the students, and the listening passage demonstrates students’comments on this assignment.The reading passage is part of a syllabus on assignment to watch films. It is stated that the students should watch at least 12 films out of a list of 20. Moreover, they should also write a report summarizing each film they watch.The listening passage reflects the reaction of two students on the assignment. The woman seems quite enthusiastic about watching the movies. While the man thinks it is too much work. At the end of the talk, the man finally concludes that the assignment is indeed not bad. In his opinion, there could be even worse assignment than watching films.✓Task 4Reading passage (75-100 words): definition of a process or a principle (general and abstract) Listening passage(60”-90”, 150-220 words): example of counter-example (specific and concrete) Answer FormatIn this set of materials, the reading passage describes … and the listening passage describes/adds some information/provide some specific examples…According to the reading passage, …In the listening passage, …(more)No outside knowledge is needed.Sample Answer综合教程P213 示范练习参考答案简化版In this set of materials, the reading passage discusses an author who wrote so many books in his life time, and the listening passage explains how the author made this possible.The reading passage states that Asimov altogether wrote more than 500 books. Besides, hiswriting covered a wide range of topics including history, physics, chemistry and so on.The listening passage explains how Asimov made this mission possible. He wrote books all day long, from early in the morning to late in the evening. It is so impressive that he once said.”Writing is my only interest”综合教程P207 No 1In this set of materials, the reading passage describes how the name “Dead Sea”comes from, and the listening passage provides additional information on this so-called Dead Sea.According to the reading passage, the Dead Sea gets its name because of its high salt level. Therefore, no life can survive. It is landlocked with no outlet. The Dead Sea is in an area with high temperature. Therefore, it results in rapid evaporation.In the listening passage, the speaker adds some information. The Dead Sea isn’t really a sea. A sea is a part of the ocean or it opens into the ocean. In contrast, a lake is a body of water that is totally enclosed. The Dead Sea has no outlet, so it is indeed a lake.综合教程P402 No 2In this set of materials, the reading passage discusses something about sleepwalking, and in the listening passage, the professor corrected two misconceptions on this topic.The reading passage explains some causes of sleepwalking and its symptoms. It may result from fatigue, anxiety or drugs. It may result in simple actions such as getting up. It may also cause complex actions like dressing.In the listening passage, the professor corrected two misconceptions about sleepwalking. His conclusion include: First, it is not dangerous to awaken a sleepwalker. Second, it is clear that a sleepwalker can easily get hurt.综合教程P306 No 2In this set of materials, the reading passage describes two types of leadership and the listening passage give specific examples on the same topic.As stated in the reading passage, there are two types of leadership, namely instrumental leadership which concerns with getting tasks done and expressive leadership which focuses mainly on the well-beings of the group.As described in the listening passage, employees in a company are divided into two groups. Group A hosts activities to get to know each other, gives positive comments about projects and describes feelings by emails. These are typical features of expressive leadership. Group B gives detailed list of work to be done, holds meetings about what was and wasn’t finished and puts emphasis on getting work done on time. This is a good example of instrumental leadership.综合教程P476 No 4In this set of materials, the reading passage explains the definition of the terms: subsonic and supersonic, and the listening passage gives concrete examples to show how fast supersonic speed could be.According to the reading passage, supersonic aircraft fly at speeds that are faster than the speed of the sound, while subsonic jet flies at speeds that are slower than the speed of the sound.In the listening passage, the speaker demonstrates how fast a supersonic jet travels with a specific example. People will not hear a supersonic jet before it comes because it is flying faster than the speed of sound. After the jet passes, people will hear sonic boom as it creates a shock wave alongits path.✓Task 5Listening passage: conversation and discussion of problem/solution (campus-related)usually a student-related problem and 2-3 possible solutionsSpeaking requirement: describe the problem and talk about possible solution ; your own opinionon how to solve the problemAnalysis1.describe the man/woman’s problem2.describe the other person’s suggestion3.state your opinion about what the man/woman should do4.explain why you think the man/woman should do this (2 reasons)Tips (about listening)1.What problem dose the man have?2.What does the woman suggest the man do?3.What do you think of the woman’s suggestion?4.What do you think the man should do?5.Why do you think the man should do that?Answer FormatIn this listening material, the woman/man has a problem…The man/woman gives her/him two suggestions. One is… The other one is…As far as I’m concerned, I think … is better. First, … because … Also,…Sample Answer官方指南P223In this listening material, the woman has a problem. She has two exams to prepare and some math problems to solve. The man offers her two solutions. One is to ask the professor for extension. The other one is to make herself a new schedule. As far as I’m concerned, I think the second one seems to be better. First, if she learns how to organize a schedule now, it will help her in her future academic career. Second, there are some disadvantages of the first solution. Even if the professor is willing to give her an extension, he might give her a low grade as a punishment.补充练习1 非教材来源In this listening material, the woman has a problem. She can’t keep her cat because no pets are allowed in her apartment. The man gives her three suggestions. One is to stop feeding the cat so it will go away; the other is to look for another apartment that allows pets. The third is to give the cat to her mother. As far as I’m concerned, I think the last suggestion is the best. First, she can still keep the cat and visit it regularly. Also, she can look for an apartment that allows pets later.补充练习2 非教材来源In this listening passage, the man has a problem with his learning partner who is lazy and hasn’t done any work on a project they are doing together. The woman gives her three suggestions. Firstly, he should have a serious talk with his partner and lay out a plan. Secondly, he needs to let the professor know about the problem. Finally, the man could also look for another group to join for the research. Personally speaking, I am in favor of the third option. First, once I had the same problem. I immediately changed to another study group and got a better partner. Also, new groupand new partners will give me some fresh ideas and these ideas will contribute to my project.补充练习3 非教材来源In this listening material, the woman has a problem with her roommate because her roommate uses her things without asking. Also, she never cleans bathroom. The man gives her two suggestions. One is to discuss the problem with the apartment manager. The other one is moving out. Frankly speaking, I would choose the second option. Firstly, I came across the same problem last year. It is much better for you to move out and get a new roommate. Secondly, moving out to find a new roommate means you have a new friend. Maybe he or she will become an important help to your studies and your career development.✓Task 6Academic lecture (90”-120”,230-280 words): explain term/concept and examplesSpeaking requirement: summarize the main points and describe the relationshipAnswer FormatIn this listening materials, the professor describes/explains (topic of the listening passage)The main points he/she makes about … , is that … ,(main points of the listening passage)No personal opinion is needed.Answer FormatIn this listening material, the professor describes/explains …(main points from the listening passage);The main point he/she makes about … is that …Sample Answer综合教程P223，No.1In this listening material, the professor describes the origin of the Bank Holiday of 1933. The main point she makes about this holiday is that it is indeed not a holiday but a closing of unstable banks. In 1933, banks were closed temporarily so that the federal government could reorganize the banking system. Federal deposit insurance was introduced at that time as part of the reorganization. Since then, the situation has improved and bank failures have decreased considerably.综合教程P223，No.2In this listening passage, the professor talks about the definition of creativity. The main point he makes about this definition is that creativity must include two components, that is originality and appropriateness. Originality means that a creative idea must be something original, new and different. It should not be a normal, everyday idea. Appropriateness means that a creative idea must fit the situation. If it doesn’t, it is not a good solution.综合教程P223，No.3In this listening material, the professor discusses how the Amazon River got its name. According to him, two sources may contribute to its name. The first one is that native people gave the river its mane. The name was Amanuzu, which means “big wave”in native language. The second source was a chronicle by European explorers. The article describes brave female warriors who resemble Amazons in Greek literature. The Amazon River may get its name in this way. The speaker mentions no personal preference to these two sources.强化练习，其他来源In this listening passage, the professor talks about the mass migration of people in the nineteenth century. The main points he mentions include the following. At that time, many people moved from Europe to other countries, and also from China and Japan to other places. There are several reasons for the mass migration. One reason was the invention of railroad and steamship which were cheap and fast. Another reason was that people could get free land and other benefits from the migration. Moreover, the people wanted a better life for themselves and their children, so they moved to another country. They worked hard to have a better life and contributed to the economic growth of their new country.●Review✓Advice1.仔细阅读评分标准2.充分熟悉每题的回答模板3.准备和回答的时间控制极其重要4.后四题的记笔记能力很重要5.充分利用OG和朗文综合教程进行训练6.平时养成记笔记和口头总结的习惯（利用旧托福的听力PARTB、C）7.针对自己的薄弱的几题强化训练8.考前务必充分熟悉考试界面✓Tips on OG(Official Guide)1.For all the questions in the test you are given between 45 to 60 seconds to respond. So, whenpracticing, time your speech accordingly.2.Familiarize yourself with the scoring rubric; it will help you understand how responses areevaluated.3.Make a list of familiar topics, and practice speaking about them. You may want to begin bydescribing a familiar place or recounting a personal experience.4.When giving descriptions, try to avoid presenting long lists since this will reduce the time youhave available to elaborate on the rest of your response.5.Record your own voice and listen to make sure that your pronunciation and fluency of speechare clear. Then take the recording to an English teacher or tutor who can evaluate your response using the TOEFL iBT Speaking rubric.6.One good exercise would be to state an opinion or a preference and the present supportingreasons clearly and with detail.7.Study and practice words and expressions commonly used to express opinions, such as: In myopinion … I believe …8.Practice making a recommendation and explaining why it is your preferred course of action.9.Remember that taking notes on the reading and listening material in the integrated Speakingtasks on the TOEFL iBT test is allowed.10.Recognize the attitude of the speaker through intonation, stress, and word choice. This helpsyou understand his or her point of view and plan an appropriate response.11.Find listening and reading material on a topic that you like. The reading and the listeningmaterial can provide similar or different views. Take notes on what you listen to and read andcreate outlines. Use your notes and outlines to orally summarize the information and ideas from the listening and reading materials. Try to paraphrase what you have heard and read by using different words and grammatical structures.12.Read a short article. Make an outline that includes only the major points of the article. Use theoutline to orally summarize it again.13.It is very important to practice your conversational speaking skills as often as possible.14.Find a textbook that includes questions about the material at the end of chapters, etc.. Practiceanswering the questions orally.●Appendix (Useful Expressions)✓吵架What’s your problem?Who do you think you are/ talking to?It’s none of your business.Mind your own business.Leave me alone./ Give me a break.Shut up!/ Get the hell out of here!How dare you?Just look at what you’ve done.It’s not my fault. It’s your problem.Are you crazy/ out of your mind?I’ll never forgive you ,never!You make me sick!✓求爱I have a crush on you.I’m fond of you.You are the apple of my eye.I care about you deeply.I couldn’t care more about you.You are always the first person I want to see. You light up my life.I can’t live without you.You mean the world to me.You take my breath away.Nothing’s gonna change my love for you.✓支持对方I’ll stand by you.I’m with you all the way.I’m behind you all the time.I’m on your side.You can count on me.✓请客Tonight is on me./ Lunch is on me.This is my trend. Let me treat you.Let me pick up the bill/tab.Let me pay it.✓搭讪Haven’t we met before?You look like someone I know.Can I buy you a drink?You have a great smile.What’s with you?(Something/nothing with me.)Are you here alone?✓惊骇That’s terrible/horrible.That’s really dreadful.How awful/frightening!What a nightmare!✓同意和肯定You have my mind./ I’m a man of my words.I won’t miss it for the world/ for anything.I will pick you up at 8 in any event.You said it./ You bet.You can say that again.You are telling me.I can’t agree with you more.I see eye to eye with you on this.You might well say so.✓否定和拒绝I doubt it.Who told you that?You’ve got to be kidding.You are teasing me/ pulling my legs.No way./ Not in a million years.Don’t look at me.I couldn’t agree with you less.。