高中英语时态语态专题加练习 附答案
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1 时态语态专题
【教学内容】
1.时态 2.被动语态 3.练习
【教学过程】
一、时态1
时态是表示行为、动作和状态在各种时间条件下的动词形式。常用的时态有：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在完成时、过去完成时、现在进行时、过去进行时、过去将来时、将来进行时、将来完成时。
形式时间 一般 进行 完成
现在 do
does am
is doing
are have
done
has
过去 did was
doing
were had done
将来 shall
am/is/are going to do
will will be doing shall
have done
will
过去将来 Should
do
would would be doing
（一）一般现在时
用法：1．通常表示现阶段经常发生的动作、存在状态或经常的习惯性的动作。常与often, usually, always,
sometimes, today, every five minutes, on Sundays等时间状语连用。
Around two o’clock every night, Sue will start talking in her dream. It somewhat _bothers_(bother) us.
2．表示永恒的真理以及客观事实。
The earth _goes_ (go) round the sun.
3．表示按规定或计划要发生的动作。
The train _starts_ (start) at seven in the morning.
4．在时间和条件状语从句中代替一般将来时。常用的引导词：表时间的有when, until, after, before, as
soon as, once, the moment/the minute, the day;表条件的有if, unless, provided, as long as.
I’ll go with you, if you _are_ (be) free tomorrow.
注意：在here, there开头的倒装句中，一般现在时表示正在发生的动作或存在的状态。
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（二）一般过去时
1．表示在过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。常与表示过去的时间状语ago, yesterday , last
week, in the old days ,when I was five years old, in 1995 等连用。
They _began_ (begin) to work two months ago.
2．一般过去时多和表示过去了的时间状语连用。但是有时候句子并没有过去的时间状语，这时就要通过语境、说话人的口气来判断。
I _didn't expect_ (not expect) you were waiting for us.
3．表示过去经常、反复发生的动作；used to do sth. 意为“过去常常做某事”，暗含“现在不做了”之意。be used to do sth. 意为“被用于做某事”，不定式表示目的，可用于多种时态。be used to doing sth.
习惯做某事。
He used to __get up_ (get up) early .
He will be used to _getting up_ (get up) early .
Wood is used to ___make___ (make) paper.
（三）一般将来时
1、表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态，结构为will/shall/be going to+动词原形。常用的时间状语有later (on), soon, in a month, next time, from now on, tomorrow等。
I _shall/will_ (be) eighteen years old next year.
He _won’t go__ (not go) to the airport to meet her this afternoon.
2、一般将来时的其它表示形式
（1）一般现在时表将来
①按照计划或时刻表要发生的事情。
The new library __opens__ (open) next month.
The plane __takes off_ (take off) at 3:00 P.m.
②在条件状语从句和时间状语从句中用一般现在时表将来。
If you __leave__ (leave) tomorrow , I’ll see you at the airport.
When she __comes_ (come), I’ll tell her about it.
（2）现在进行时表将来
现在进行时表示将来，往往是指计划好或准备要做的事。一些表示动作转换的终止性动词，如go, come, leave, start, begin, stay, take off, arrive等，或者也称为位移性动词，其进行时表示马上要做某事。
I __am taking__ (take) the kids to the zoo this Sunday.
He __is leaving____(leave) school in one year’s time.
（3）be to do sth.结构表示计划中约定的或按职责、义务和要求必须去做的事或即将发生的动作。
The president __is to visit____(visit) Japan in May.
3 I _am to get__ (get) married next year.
（4）be about to do. 结构表示“刚要做某事，马上要做某事，正要做某事”，强调动作即将发生（不跟表将来的时间状语连用）。
We are about to __discuss_ (discuss) this problem.
They were about to __leave__(leave) when the telephone rang.
3、will和be going to的区别。
（1）will多表示带意愿色彩的将来或客观上将来要发生的事，也可表示临时做出决定将要做的事。
I __will stay___(stay) with you and help you.
—You have left the light on.
— Oh, so I have. I ___will go__ (go) and turn it off.
（2）be going to常用于口语中，主要用来表示将发生的动作或存在的状态、打算或准备要做的事或根据某种迹象判断可能将要发生的事。
There__is going to be __ (be) an English film this evening.
Look at those clouds. It__is going to rain__(rain). 看那些乌云，要下雨了。
（四）现在完成时
1、表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。常与already, ever, never, just ,
yet, up to now, so far, recently等副词连用。
I __have___ just ___finished____(finish) my homework.
2、表示从过去某时刻开始，持续到现在的动作或情况，并且有可能会继续持续下去，此时经常用延续性动词。时间状语常用since加一个过去的时间点，或for加一段时间，或加一个现在时间。
I __have known__ (know) him for three years.
He __has lived___ (live) here since 1995.他自1995年以来就住在这儿。
【注意】（1）因为含有for加一段时间或since加一时间点这样的时间状语的完成时，有延续性的特点，所以不能使用瞬间动词。
My sister __has been married___ (marry) for 5 years.
My sister___has married___ (marry). Don’t disturb her.
（2）在This/That/It is the first/second/third/..time that..句型里，从句要用现在完成时。
This is the second time that the products of our company __has showed__(show) in the International
Exhibition.
（3）It/this is the best (worst, most interesting 等) +名词+从句中，从句中的谓语用现在完成时。
It is the most instructive lecture that I _have attended__(attend) since I came to this school.
（4）句型It is/has been...since..所使用的两种时态都正确。
It _is/has been__(be) 10 years since I last saw him.
（五）过去完成时
1、过去完成时是一个相对时态，表示过去某个时间之前就已经完成的动作，即“过去的过去”，句中有明显的参照动作或时间状语（before, after, by），只有在两个过去发生的动作相比较时才可显示
4 出来。
When we got to the station, the train __had left__ (leave).
2、过去完成时表示截止到过去某一时间已经完成的动作。
By the end of last month, we __had reviewed__(review) four books.
3、表示思维的动词用过去完成时，意为“原本……（但事与愿违）”。
I __had thought__ (think) that he would win.
We __had believed__(believe) that he could tell the truth.
4. 在“hardly(scarcely)...when..., no sooner...than...”句型结构中，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时，意思为“一......就......”
Hardly__had__the speaker __finished_ (finish) his speech when the audience kept asking him questions.
