Business Essentials
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贵州大学研究生英语阅读教程提高级第三版课后词汇及翻译答案贵州大学研究生英语阅读教程提高级第三版词汇及翻译答案Lesson 21、the story about the brothers grimm may evoke warm memoriesof story time in the comforting arms of a parent.A recallB createC releaseD collect2、one of the secrets of successful travel lies in always turningadversity to your advantage.A unfamiliarityB explorationC pleasureD difficulties3、The claws of bears may be used to climb trees, rip opennests and beehives ,or catch prey.A clearB tearC throwD dig4、The analysts are dissecting intrusions and other attacks that havebreached their computer systems.A interceptingB fightingC analyzingD discussing5、He spent whole days in his room, headphones on lest he disturbanyone.A unlessB whenC so thatD in case6、As the unemployment lines lengthened and factories closed,therewas talk of apocalypse.A emergencyB uncertaintyC disasterD reduction7、The odor of the hospital was so unforgiving that every so often shewould bring the cloud of white flowers to her nose.A unexpectedB uniqueC impressiveD terrible8、Critics argue that the lavish park itself is incongruous in a countrywhere around half the population lives below the poverty line.A inappropriateB creativeC unnecessaryD enjoyable9、Many believed optimistically the new would soothe markets ,but itseems to have had the opposite effect.A pushB misleadC calmD discourage10、 A stoical person tends to show admirable patience and endurancein the face of adversity without getting upset.A confidentB uncomplainingC unconventionalD reliable Lesson 41、During the lecture all the audience listened to china’s firstastronaut with rapt admiration.A obscureB obviousC obligedD obsessed2、Most of her c olleagues didn’t like her because she was adept atthe fine art of irritating people.A ambitiousB annoyingC skillfulD scornful3、In the schools today we need, more than ever, the trainingof defthands,quick eyes and ears ,and above all thebroader,deeper,higher culture of gifted mind and pure hearts.A skillfulB cleverC delicateD elegant4、At last the judge decided to give the custody of the child to hisfather.A supervisionB cateringC raisingD fostering5、Denver residents continued to dig out from what was called theworst blizzard in nearly a century.A catastropheB disasterC snowstormD landslide6、After all ,the candidate was endorsed by the governor’s board andmany of the local party members.A ignoredB rejectedC sponsoredD supported7、His expression gave temporary meaning to a set of features but itwas nondescript.A unclearB distinctiveC impliedD ambiguous8、She came home spouting off about the subjects she was taught atschool and basked in her teacher’s praise.A pridedB enjoyed C. criticized D narrated9、It was evident that the administrative officials did not believe theexcuse that he held forth for the delayed delivery.A liedB toldC emphasizedD compiled10、When frank heard that the war had started ,it didn’t sink in for along time until his father was drafted into the army.A be understoodB be acceptedC be takenD beillustratedLessson 61、another common use of the tag question is in small talk when thespeaker is trying to _____ conversation:”sure is hot here,isn’t it?”A IllicitB elicitC solicitD explicit2、napster says it is delaying the launch of its subscription serviceyet again,after running into serious problems in its talks with other firms .so here is napster’s _____ :still not ready.A refrainB renownC restraintD retention3、The path from initial lab work on a drug to final approval of thedrug by the food &drug administration is a long and _____ process.A hilariousB notoriousC industriousD laborious4、When I was a child,I always refused to write thank-you notes forbirthday presents from a faraway relative.my mother would _____ me and say,”paul ,you must learn to be polite.”A glideB slideC abideD chide5、A(a) ____ memory may be a good thing,but the ability to forget isthe true token of greatness.A attentiveB inattentiveC retentiveD irretentive6、There’s still a great deal of _____ on the weapons of massdestruction ,which despite what president bush and prime minister blair say,have not yet been found.A evidenceB skepticismC knowledgeD consensus7、Even though exercise has many positive benefits,too much can beharmful.teens who exercise_____ are at risk for both physical and psychological problems.A comparativelyB competitivelyC compulsively Dcomprehensively8、Some of the maids were quiet and affectionate.but others were____,driving the young women crazy by complaining to them allthe time.A querulousB fabulousC pretentiousD conscientious9、There is nothing more fascinating than observing citizensof manydifferent nationalities _____ and exchanging greetings in an international airport.A singlingB dinglingC jinglingD mingling10、When dallas police notifed the hospital that president kennedyhad been shot,at first,the young neurosurgeon thought it was a____.A blankB flankC prankD frankLesson 71、Upon hearing these critical remarks ,he was in a complete stateof bewilderment and did not know what to do next.A astonishmentB frustrationC depressionD perplexity2、For many women ,the harrowing prospect of giving evidence in arape case can be too much to bear.A promisingB embarrassingC hauntingD upsetting3、The company’s disappointing sales figures are an ominous sign ofworse thing to come.A disgracefulB disgustingC scandalousD threatening4、He said that people are too obsessed with utopian visions thatnever come,instead of thinking of the quality of life now.A promisingB unrealisticC unbelievableD unprecedented5、We eliminated the possibility that it could have been an accidentbecause it was so well timed.A elicitedB despisedC removedD elevated6、Things would never change if people weren’t prepared toexperiment with new teaching methods.A endeavorB campaignC swerveD try7、The national interest is most important than the sectionalandpersonal interests of individual politicians.A segregatedB factionalC inviolableD dismantled8、Despite differences in background and outlook,their partnershipwas based on mutual respect,trust and understanding.A unilateralB reciprocalC obligatoryD optional9、Desirous of knowing something about the operations ,I stood andwatched the spectacle.A desperate forB desirable ofC detached fromD deprived of10、He spoke eloquently with the self-effacing humor that endearedhim to the American press.A elegantlyB persuasivelyC arrogantlyD expressively Lesson 91、When she arose to speak in their assemblies ,her commandingfigure and dignified manners _____ every trifler into silence.A rushedB hushedC cashedD pushed2、In many of his paintings of towns,harbors,and rivers ,marquetshowed a particular gift for simplification thatseized_____upon the essentials in the scene before him.A unexpectedlyB unavoidablyC unerringlyD unbelievably3、The old gentleman was so much immersed in business ,that hewas unable to ____ much attention upon me.A bestowB bewilderC bewareD betray4、The most famous _____ whiteface clown is felix adler,whoperformed in the early and mid-20th century.A picturesqueB uniqueC techniqueD grotesque5、By the 1st century B.C,roman power was growing and greekinfluence had begun to _____.A waneB waverC weaveD warp6、To starboard ,at hurghada,behind _____ ranks of coral reefs,laythe important marine biological station of the university of Egypt.A severeB serriedC seducedD sentimental7、At first,the downturn was confined to industries most sensitive tohigh interest rates.but ______,the loss of income in these areas had a ripple effect throughout the economy.A inexorablyB intensivelyC inevitablyD infinitely8、The puppet theater combines three elements:the puppets;thechanters who sing and ____ for the puppets;and the players ofthe three-stringed instrument.A declineB reclaimC declaimD proclaim9、This is your daily life; to me it is like a scene from a play,overwhich one sighs to see the curtain fall-all _____,all light ,allhappiness.A enchantmentB engagementC enlargementD endurance10、“it was really rural when we moved here,”says Stanley.”but thesenewcomers are _____ the rural atmosphere.”A justifyingB citifyingC ratifyingD simplifying Lesson 111、The supporters of GM foods say that it should be possible tomake foods that are less likely to trigger allergies.A preventB reduceC causeD transfer2、The relationship between men and their cars would terminate inthe event of irreparable mechanical breakdown(equivalent to thedeath of a spouse).A endB declineC failD proceed3、The combination of miscommunication ,ignored warnings andgeneral hubris virtually guaranteed disaster.A misunderstandingB misconductC angerD arrogance4、Despite an occasional glimmer of hope ,this campaign has notproduced any results.A proofB indicationC releaseD consequence5、These kids had been further insulated by their wealthy familiesfrom reality with the privilege that money could buy.A protectedB awokenC coveredD isolated6、I found myself constantly pondering the question:”how couldanyone do these things?”A arguingB answeringC coveredD isolated7、Interactive technology augments traditional methods with newand yet-to-be invented collaboration tools ranging from e-mail toweb logs to digital video to peer-to-peer systems.A communicationB entertainmentC cooperation Dimprovement8、For people who feel too intimidated or shy to ask questionsduring class,the internet creates a “safe environment”to speaktheir mind.online ,nobody knows who you are.A frightenedB frustratedC depressedD disappointed9、On this day after September 11 ,most planes were stillgrounded ;the skies were eerily quiet.A particularlyB unusuallyC mysteriouslyD pleasantly10、Considered by many archaeologists to be the first humancivilization ,sumer has yielded many huge stonecarvings .deciphered, they described”gods”who came anotherplanet in flying machines.A inspiredB interpretedC improvedD implanted Lesson 21 It is a cliché, as it is to talk of apocalypse and nightmare, but when something is beyond our experience, we reach for the points of reference we have.说到世界末日和噩梦又是老生常谈,但是当事情超出我们的经验时,我们总会寻找现有的东西作为参照。
Essentials of Business ManagementThe Essentials of Business Management: A Comprehensive OverviewBusiness management is a crucial field that encompasses various strategies, concepts, and skills that help organizations achieve their goals effectively. As a fundamental discipline in the realm of business studies, it holds the key to successful operations and growth.1. Introduction to Business ManagementBusiness management is the practice of coordinating resources, including human capital, financial assets, and technological advancements, to achieve organizational objectives. It involves planning, organizing, leading, and controlling the activities of a business to ensure efficiency and profitability.2. Core ConceptsThe core concepts of business management revolve around the fundamental principles of management. These include decision-making, resource allocation, delegation of authority, communication, and motivation. Understanding these concepts is essential for the successful implementation of management strategies.3. Market AnalysisMarket analysis is a crucial aspect of business management. It involves studying the market to understand consumer trends, competitor positioning, and overall industry dynamics. This analysis helps businesses identify opportunities, develop marketing strategies, and make informed decisions regarding product positioning and pricing.4. Strategic PlanningStrategic planning is the process of outlining the long-term goals and objectives of a business. It involves setting clear targets, assessing internal and external factors, and developing a plan to achieve these goals. Strategic planning is essential for ensuring the alignment of all organizational activities towards achieving the desired outcomes.5. Operations ManagementOperations management refers to the coordination of resources and processes to ensure efficient and effective production of goods or services. It involves managing inventory, controlling costs, optimizing production processes, and ensuring the timely delivery of products. Effective operations management is crucial for maintaining competitiveness and satisfying customer demands.6. Financial ManagementFinancial management is the process of planning, organizing, and controlling financial resources to achieve organizational goals. It involves budgeting, forecasting, fund raising, and investment decisions. Financial management is crucial for ensuring the financial stability and growth ofa business.7. Leadership SkillsLeadership skills are essential for successful business management.A good leader possesses qualities such as vision, motivation, communication, and decision-making abilities. They inspire team members, create a positive work environment, and facilitate the achievement of organizational goals.8. Case StudiesCase studies are real-world examples of business management practices. They provide insights into how companies have overcome challenges, achieved success, and implemented management strategieseffectively. Analyzing case studies helps individuals gain practical knowledge and apply management concepts in real-life situations.In conclusion, business management is a multifaceted discipline that requires a comprehensive understanding of various concepts, skills, and strategies. By mastering the essentials of business management, individuals can contribute effectively to the growth and success of organizations.。
estate 房地产,不动产revenue 收入(不一定是利润profit/gain)expire 期满(专利)annex 吞并,收购mayoral election 市长选举council 政务会,理事会snack food 快餐,小吃dean 大学院长,系主任inflate 膨胀的,夸张的dairy 奶牛场retail 零售的vehicle 交通工具, 车辆terrain 地形landfill 垃圾填埋法garbage disposal 垃圾处理aluminum 铝commitment 许诺,义务considerably 相当地municipal 市政的,地方的resort (旅游)胜地ski resort 滑雪胜地suburban 郊外的stock股票; 存货(the stock of sth 表示…的存货)stockholder 股东assembly n.装配staff v.招工inducement 动机,诱因newsletter 实时通讯abound (in)富于,大量存在(于)consumption 消费lottery 彩票gambling 赌博advocate 提倡trash collection 垃圾收集a fleet of 一队,一群exceptional service优越的服务undertake 采取(措施)lane 线路,车道rock band 摇滚乐队concert 音乐会stadium 露天体育场surge 浪潮,洪流agency 代理,中介dealership代理权,代理商moped 机动脚踏两用车pedestrian 步行者deluxe alpaca overcoat 高档驼绒大衣resume 恢复,重新开始rehearsal n.排演, 演习, 预演,试演facility n.设备, 工具absenteeism n.旷课, 旷工tardiness 迟到downtown 市区的,闹市的video arcade视听走廊plush carpeting豪华地毯discontinue 停止, 废止Arctic deer北极鹿volcanic eruption 火山喷发meteorite colliding 陨石撞击greasy多脂的, 油脂的acne 痤疮muscle strain 肌肉扭伤recuperation 恢复odor 气味Dental Floss 牙线hygiene routine 卫生手段gum 牙龈questionnaire调查问卷commuter 乘客precision n.精确, 精密度,clay 粘土prize 惊叹,赏识mold n.模子, 铸型miniature 缩微模型unearth 出土hoax v.愚弄n.愚弄Treasury 财政部release 发行,发布enroll in college 考上大学subscriber 主顾,订户(=client)inventory 存货retail n.零售economize 节省merge 吞并,合并Symphony 交响乐(队)trout 鲑鱼feed on 以…为食,捕食…tadpole 蝌蚪recreational 娱乐的(recreation n消遣,娱乐)recreational activities 娱乐活动quadruple 长到四倍ore 矿石chore n.家务杂事dropout n.辍学学生vocational training 职业培训outright 彻底的, 完全的ownership 所有权leasing n租赁surpass 超越, 胜过orders 订单face cream (护肤)面霜stringent 严格的exempt v免除;adj被免除的be less likely to do 做某事的可能性小be the least likely to do 最不可能做…trucking company 运输公司;trucking industry运输业implement 贯彻,执行fountain 水龙头dander 落毛,头皮屑trigger vt.引发,触发n.板机irrigate 灌溉, 修水利deforestation 砍伐森林charcoal 木炭一氧化碳carbon monoxide二氧化碳carbon dioxideappreciable 轻微的,可感知的dietitian 营养学家strenuous 紧张的, 热烈的,兴奋的cafeteria 食堂,自助餐厅main course主菜dessert 甜点portion 一份,一部分mineral 矿物质prosperity 繁荣district 辖区,地方gymnasium 健身房physical education class体育课sizeable 相当大的pottery 陶器poster 海报longevity n长寿,寿命mummified remains 干尸obesity n 肥胖census 人口普查demographic人口统计学的county 县For a fee 在交了一定费用之后whirlpool tub 冲浪浴缸erect 树立,建造turnover (员工)流动性soybean 大豆cereal n.麦片, 谷类(flight)hub (航空)枢纽transact v. 交易, 谈判, secure v.保障notorious 声名狼籍的visibility可见度stylish时髦的, 流行的social ties 社会关系draws water from…从…抽水accumulate积聚, 堆积algae 藻类herbicide除草剂reservoir 水库, 蓄水池dock 码头vacancy n.空缺, 空闲pleasure boats 娱乐船只cruise ships 游船bay 海湾tidal patterns 潮汐规律dwell in 居住在…stairs-only apartmentbuildings 只有楼梯的公寓conduct a survey 组织调查discount n.折扣reimburse v.偿还,补偿appliance 用品,器具energy-efficient 节能的receive more coverage inour newspaper than 在我们报纸上所占的版面要多于share rides搭车coupon 优惠券,免费券optimum 理想的,适宜的overeat(ing)暴饮暴食hold class reunion 举行同学聚会banquet 宴会alumni donations 校友捐赠after-school 课外的,课余的(不是毕业的)High School 高中advisory committee 顾问委员会consultant 顾问principal 负责人,领导amphibian 两栖动物drastically 剧烈地,彻底地pedestrian plaza 步行广场,步行购物中心improve(ment)改扩建,装修adopt 收养ongoing 正在进行着的the publicity n.aboutsth …的公开marine (海产的)sanctuary(避难所)海洋动物保护区aspiring 积极的,有抱负的prestigious享有声望的, 声望很高的research grants (来自社会的)研究捐助rank…as把…当作,把…归类为…up-to-date 最先进的semester 学期incentive n.动机,激励option 理性的选择home schooling instruction家庭教育pledge 保证,发誓tropical nation 热带国家classroom activities 教学活动competent 有能力的,能胜任的downsizing 裁员,缩编snore 打鼾inspect 检查,检测mechanics机修师seminar 研讨会already in office已经在位的(官员)deteriorate 恶化bureau局, 办公署replenish 补充prime-time-television-program 黄金时段的电视节目strenuously 努力地,发愤地vigorous用力的,使劲的,精力充沛的lonely activity 单调的活动turn away from 厌恶school board 教委interpersonal skills 交往能力gracefully 优雅地,斯文地disgruntle 使不高兴ambassador 大使,代言人rashes 皮疹pose 造成,引起conditioner 空调restore 回复,还原check out 检查,检验be checked out (图书)被借出soy 大豆town hall 市政厅dizziness 头晕眼花tuna金枪鱼brand 商标,品牌medication 药drowsiness 睡意insomnia 失眠folk remedy 偏方scent 香味lavender熏衣草advent n. 出现, 到来weightlifting program 举重活动spouse n.配偶(指夫或妻) oyster n.牡蛎, 蚝raw 生的,不熟的devise vt.设计, 发明not once have we…我们从未…mandatory强制的, 托管的ample充足的, 丰富的facility 仪器,工具stress v.强调intensive practice 集中训练distinguished 卓著的, 著名的margarine 人造黄油resin of pine trees 松树的树脂exclusive 唯一的subscription 订阅vice president 副总裁caterer 餐饮服务商poultry 禽类adolescent 青少年disturbing 烦恼的lay off 解雇protest v./n.抗议shower n.淋浴showerhead 淋浴喷头readings 读数,示数automobile 汽车have one’s wisdom teeth extracted 拔除智齿easing of pain 疼痛缓解期advance ticket 预售票recordings 唱片tuition 学费adaptation n.改编, 适应duplicate adj重复的,重叠的fire chief 消防局clarify 澄清,明确evolutionary process 改革,进化过程tabulate 制成表格gratuities 赏钱,小费it has obviously backfired n.事与愿违notify v.通知,通报fourfold 四倍的(fivefold 五倍的)discard vt.丢弃, 抛弃sugar cane(杆子) 甘蔗vandalism 破坏公物revitalize v.使…新生,再生softball垒球ozone layer 臭氧层ultraviolet紫外线salamander 蜥蜴delicate 脆弱的,易受伤的home appliance 家用电器refrigerator 电冰箱insulation 绝缘market sth 使…上市resignation n.辞职in return for sth 以…作为补偿robot 机器人mission 任务,使命operating expenses 营业开支drought n.干旱reservoir 水库water-rationing 供水配额bonus 好处,红利brochure 小册子franchise 特许权(=privilege)For the third year in a row在连续三年中luggage 行李,皮箱ratings n.等级级别instructor 教师initiative n.主动governor 州长marketing projection 市场计划skateboarding n.溜滑板litter 垃圾defaced 被毁坏的property 公物expressway 高速公路retailer 零售商booming 高速发展的,繁荣的adapted for industrial为了工业用途substandard 不合格的be unoccupied 无人居住apartment 公寓main control booth 总监控室drama 戏剧renew the contract 续签合同pave 铺(路)mar v.毁坏,破坏;marred 毁坏的,破坏的pothole 坑洼之处curfew 宵禁loiter v.闲逛,溜达idle v.(=loiter)游手好闲outrage 违法,凌辱,强奸juvenile 青少年delinquency 不良行为,错失victim 受害人,牺牲品lyrics 歌词hectic 快的,兴奋的create resumes 写简历relocation grants 搬迁费intersection 十字路口sharp turns 急转弯inhabitant/resident 居民dubious evidence 可疑的证据memorandum 备忘录profitable有利可图的anticipate预见,预料adopt 采用landscape 美化property values 地价ill-treat 虐待incentive 激励collision碰撞molten熔化evaporate 蒸发comet 彗星hydrogen 氢oxygen 氧sheer全然的, 绝对的handheld cell phone 手机distracted 心烦意乱的mall 购物商场, 商业街, merchandise 商品ceramic 陶瓷的scatter 分散preservative n防腐剂flavor 口味,滋味mint flavor 薄荷味rear 培养,抚养(孩子)the interview-centered method以采访为中心的方式vicinity 邻近地区enroll v招生,入伍expenditure 支出,花费booth 售货亭,摊点free samples 免费(品尝)样品warehouse 仓库contract n合同lagging economy 落后的经济ecotourism 生态旅游substantial evidence 有力的证据。
服饰英语专业词汇资料Visual merchandising视觉陈列visual merchandiser视觉陈列师Zoning区域(多指店铺中)Keep floor店铺整理维护Floor 卖场Display Materials陈列物料Rack 挂通Fold叠装Display Table 陈列展桌Display standard 陈列标准Brand image品牌形象Hanger衣架Sizing tag尺码牌Pricing cube价格字粒Showcase陈列展柜By outfit 整体造型陈列By pattern 图案颜色陈列By category 款式陈列By collection 系列陈列By item 分类别陈列Floor plan 平面图Feedback 反馈floor arrangement 卖场布置display guideline 陈列指引Visual merchandising manual陈列手册Store layout 商店布局,多指卖场陈列计划Body 整身模特half body半身模特Mannequin 模特的统称陈列英语汇总一货品good/product 产品trench coat 风衣jeans 牛仔裤denim 牛仔(丹宁)trousers/pants 裤子new arrival 新品到店style 款式/风格jacket 夹克skirt 短裙blouse 女士衬衫t-shirt T恤suit 西服/套装down jacket 羽绒服shorts/breeches 短裤sweater 毛衣vest 背心accessories 配饰coat 大衣label 领标belt 腰带bottoms 下装legging 打底裤button 纽扣care label 水洗唛collar 领子deliver 发货pocket 口袋shoes 鞋boots 靴子scandals 凉鞋socks 短袜stockings/hose长筒袜shoelace 鞋带sneaker 运动鞋dress coat 礼服underwear 内衣briefs 内裤hat/headdress 帽子scarves 围巾shawl 披肩sunglasses 太阳镜fur garment 皮草hand bag 手袋jacquard 提花/绣花lace 蕾丝sleeve 袖子tops 上衣gloves 手套Puff jacket 夹棉的夹克tunic 连衣裙(无腰身)二道具blanket /carpet 地毯mannequin/ dummy 模特panel 装饰背板poster 海报free standings 活动架bust 半模vase 花瓶platform 站台sticker 贴纸cylinders 柱状体decoration 装饰display material 陈列材料hanger 衣架table 展台bag stands 包架shoe rack 鞋架head mold 头模cashier 收银台fishing line 鱼线tag 吊牌三风格元素fashion trend 流行趋势formal 正式informal 非正式pattern 花型basic 基本款/系列voyage 度假风格elegant 优雅风格polka dots 波尔卡圆点streak/stripe 条纹pleats 褶皱cocoon-shaped 茧形high waist 高腰线retro style 复古风格African style 非洲风格四陈列术语merchandise 陈列look 搭配image 形象corner 角落collection 系列layout布局/陈列launch 出新品frontal 正挂element 元素promotion 推广/促销活动sequence 序列neutral 中立款linear merchandising线性陈列detail 细节display plan 陈列计划display point DP点陈列package 包装training 培训window book 陈列手册look book 搭配手册sales 促销remerch 重新陈列order 订单Ironing 熨烫五其他补充mending tape背胶牵条closet case壁橱衣架display ,set out ,showing陈列display cabinet ,display case陈列橱show piece陈列品exhibition room陈列室backing strip衬板shirt clip衬衫夹window dressing橱窗布置window display橱窗陈列show-window girl橱窗服装模特packing material包装材料protective coating保护膜clip,pin别针work clamp布料夹carryall,tote bag大手提袋tack大头钉dress pin ,straight pin大头针bag ,poke袋子lamp house灯箱electric iron电熨斗store店铺shops in shop店中店braces clip吊带夹hang-tap吊牌hair clip,hairpin发夹wig假发accessory辅料,饰品costume prop服饰道具fitting room试衣间hanger挂钩poster海报measuring tape flexible ruler卷尺template模板plan view ,floor plan平面图fashion sketch效果图erective drawing安装图full view全景model form人台color form色彩区域clothes horse晒衣架model商品模特儿gloves手套achromatic color无彩色shoe horn鞋拔shoe stretcher鞋撑catwalk ,T-stage T型台tag,label标签indicate plate标牌photo chrome彩色照片single item单品monochromatic color ,solid color单色volume price低价位fancy花色pattern schema花型style款式cold colors冷色dark color暗色dark region暗区fashion color流行色selling features卖点European pattern欧版chromatic circle色环short and slight figure矮小体型petite figure娇小体型hollow figure凹胸体型heavy figure粗壮型体型apparel sizes and styles服装号型child figure孩子体型size号型full size全尺寸close fitting紧身尺码extra large(XL)特大号extra extra large(XXL)超特大号large size (L)大尺寸small size (S)小号middle size(M)中号extra small (XS) 次小号current fashion trends当前流行趋势basic fashion基本流行款式Baroque style巴洛克风格brief style简约风格Jazz style爵士风格alternative fashion非主流时装folklore style民俗风格avant-garde style前卫风格Victorian fashion维多利亚风格country style乡村风格college style校园风格neoclassic style新古典主义风格leisure style休闲风格marine style海军风格Middle Ages style中世纪风格Romantic style浪漫主义风格safe ironing temperature安全熨烫温度safety lighting安全照明installation dimension安装尺寸directional press按方向熨烫fitting-up 部件安装setting安装scale up/down按比例扩大/缩小material材料snap按扣blind pleat暗褶business suit办公套装bale包(成捆的大包)shell贝壳鞋kimono和服bowknot蝴蝶结skiwear滑雪服satchel挎包neck tie领带breast plate抹胸children’s wear童装headdress头巾neck lace项饰bra胸罩pannier bag挂包pendant挂件commission agent代理商deluxe goods顶级商品ordering meeting定货会made to measure firm定制服装店sole agency独家代理not for sale非卖品boutique精品店fashion circle时装界world brand世界名牌dress stable show服装静态展示window橱窗entrance入口ready to wear(RTW) 成衣shoe stand鞋架bag stand包架shoe tree鞋楦表达Does this design suit me?这个款式适合我吗?How do you think it goes with a miniskirt? 你觉得这配一件迷你裙怎么样?It looks custom-made for you.它看起来专门是给你做的一样。
business的用法与搭配一、business的基本含义在日常生活和商务领域中,我们时常会遇到单词“business”。
它是一个非常常见且多功能的词汇,可以用作名词、动词、形容词和副词。
作为名词,“business”表示商业活动或公司机构;作为动词,“business”可以表示经营或从事商业活动;作为形容词,“business”用来描述与商业有关的事物;而作为副词,“business”意味着认真去做某件事情。
二、business用法及搭配1. Doing business(经营)“Do business”是一个习惯用语,表示从事商业活动或经营某种业务。
这个短语可以用于许多不同的情景中,例如:- Many people dream of starting their own business.(很多人梦想开办自己的生意。
)- Our company has been doing business in this city for over 10 years.(我们公司在这个城市已经做了十多年的生意了。
)- We are looking for new opportunities to do business internationally.(我们正在寻找国际间拓展新业务的机会。
)2. Business trip(出差)“Business trip”指代前往其他地方进行商务活动、会议或考察等目的的旅行。
下面是一些相关表达方式:- I will be away from the office next week because I have a business trip to attend.(下周我因为要出差参加会议,不在办公室。
)- My boss asked me to go on a business trip to meet with potential clients in Europe.(我的老板让我去欧洲与潜在客户会面。
Chapter 1Define business and profitsBusiness are the organizations that provides goods and services that are sold to earn profitsProfits are the difference between a business's revenue and costDistinguish between business and non-profit organizationsThe right to pursue profits distinguishes a business from non-profit organizations Identify the factors of productionCapital, labor, information, physical resources and entrepreneurshipGlobal economic systemsEconomic system is a nation's system for allocating its resources among its citizens, both individuals and organizations.Planned system relies on a centralized government to control all or most factors of production and to make all or most production and allocation decisions.Mixed market economy that features characteristics of both planned and market economy.Distinguish microeconomics and macroeconomicsMacroeconomics focus on the market's supply and demand, determines the overall price level.Macroeconomics concentrates on the national growth and the changes in citizens' incomeMicroeconomics facilitates the decision marking for the smaller business sectors. Macroeconomics have a focus on the unemployment rate, GDP and the development of the entire economy.Explain the factors that drive the supply and demand.Supply: price, technical factor, resourcesDemand: price, price of related products, say, substitute and complementary items, customer's preference and optimism for the future, the number of buyers in the market Describe each of four different types of market structure in a private enterprise system.Perfect competition: the products are the same; the market has a number of buyers and sellers, with unlimited barrier for entry and exit.Monopolistic competition: a market that has a large numbers of firms and each has a small proportion of the market share and slightly differentiated products Oligopolistic market: a market that has a few sellers and each has identifiable products and the power to influence the price of productsMonopoly: there is one provider of goods or services and therefore set the price of productsIdentify and describe the four stages of the business cycleRecession, depression, recovery, prosperityExplain how productivity, price-level changes and employment levels affect the stability of a nation's economyIf the productivity is low, the products are not enough and the prices rise. The power of purchasing declines.The low unemployment leads to the shortage of labor, the business raise the wages they are willing to pay. Then, because higher labor costs eat into profit margins, they raise the prices of the products. In the end, the purchasing power declines.Stability is a condition in which the amount of money available in an economic system and the quantity of goods and services produced in it are growing at the same rate.Discuss the monetary policy and fiscal policy are used to manage an economy's performanceFiscal policy manages the collection and spending of its revenues, say, tax rates. Monetary policy focus on controlling the size of the nation's money supply.Explain the concept of business ethics and social responsibilityBusiness ethics refers to ethical or unethical behaviors by employees in the context of their jobs.Social responsibility refers to the overall way in which a business attempts to balance its commitments to relevant groups and individuals in its social environment. Describe the factors that influence business ethics, at individual, organizational, legal, societal levels.Individual: values, work experience, social status, family background Organizational: job dimensions, the top management's philosophy, corporate culture, reward systemEnvironment: competition, economic conditions, social institutionLegal: ambiguity of laws, the supervision of conducting regulationsSociety: universal values, moral standardsList the stages in the development of ethical standardsObstructionist stance: approach to social responsibility that involves doing as little as possible and may involve attempts to deny or cover up violationsDefensive stance: approaches to social responsibility by which a company meets only minimum legal requirements in its commitments to groups and individuals in its social environmentsAccommodative stance: if specifically asked to do so, exceeds legal minimums in its commitments in its social environmentProactive stance: a company actively seeks opportunities to contribute to the well-being of groups and individuals in its social environment.Identify common ethical dilemmas in the workplaceConflicts of interest, honesty or integrity, loyalty or truth, whistle-blowingDiscuss how organizations shape ethical behaviorEthical awareness-> ethical reasoning -> Ethical action -> Ethical leadership Summarize the responsibilities of business to the general public customers, employees and investorsConsumer rights: fair pricing, ethics in advertisingRights of employees: legal and social commitments, ethical commitmentsRights of investors: proper financial management, no insider trading, legal interpretation of financeIdentify the industries in which most small business are established:Service, retailing, construction, finance and insurance, manufacturing, transportation and other.Compare the advantages and disadvantages of small businessPros: lower costs, filling distant communities, superior customer servicesCons: management shortcoming, inadequate financing, vulnerability of economic downturns, government regulationsExplain how franchising can provide opportunities for both franchisers and franchiseesFranchisers benefit from the parental corporations' experience and expertise. They can easily set up their business because the popular brand name. What's more, the franchiser may select the location, negotiate the lease, purchase the equipment and supply the financing.Franchisees expand the business by encouraging others to join them, make it easier to attract the consumers, lower the cost of advertising and increase the likelihood of success.Identify personality traits that typically characterize successful entrepreneurs Hard work, market demand for the products and services, managerial expertise, luckIdentify three different types of entrepreneurs:Classic entrepreneur: set up the business and allocate resources so that they can tap the marketIntrapreneur: develop innovations within a large organizationChange Agent: revitalize an established firm to keep it competitiveSummarize the three basic forms of business ownership and the pros and cons of each form.Proprietorship: sole proprietorship: low start-up costs, tax benefits, simple legal procedures, not share profits with others. Cons: unlimited liability, lack of continuity, when the proprietor dies, the business dissolves, and find it hard to borrow money from banks.General proprietorship: the ability to grow by adding new talent and invested money, make it easy to borrow money from bank and begin with some kind of agreement. Partner may also agree to bind themselves in ways not specific by law. However, the most drawbacks are unlimited liability. The potential lack of continuity is another. A related disadvantage is difficulty in transferring ownership.Limited partnership allows limited partners who cannot take active roles in operations but invested money and are liable for debts only to the extent of their investments.Cooperatives: combine the freedom of sole proprietorship with the financial power of corporations.Corporation: legal status as separate entities, property rights and obligations, indefinite life span. Pros: limited liability and continuity, being able to transfer ownership. Cons: may create complication, high start-up costs, more governmental regulations and complex legal requirements. The most obvious drawback is double taxation. It consists of closed corporation, publicly held corporations, S corporation, limited liability corporation and professional corporations, multinational corporations.Strategic Alliance: two or more companies collaborate on a project for mutual gain.Joint Venture: When the partnership is shared, it is called joint venture.Merger and Acquisitions: Two companies are combined into one, it is merger. When one buys another firm, it is acquisition.Describe the recent trends in small business:Emergence of E-commerce, global opportunities, crossovers from big business, opportunities for minorities and women.Chapter 4Discuss the relationship of absolute and comparative advantage to international trade Absolute advantage: when a country can produce something that is cheaper than/ or of higher quality than any other countryComparative advantage: goods are produced more efficiently or better than other nations.Both of them translate into competitive advantages. In international trade, nations prefer to produce the goods in which they have advantages.Describe how nations measure international trade and the significance of exchange rates.Balance of trade: economic value of all products a country exports minus the economic value of all products it importsTrade deficit, trade surplusBalance of payments: flow of all money into or out of a countryExchange rate fluctuation can have a important impact on balance of trade. (Refer to cases in macroeconomics)Identify the major barriers that confront global businessSocial and cultural difference: understand the culture difference, say , the language factors and subtle value differencesEconomic differences:Legal and political difference: quotas, tariffs(关税), subsidies(津贴), Local content laws: requirements that products sold in a country be at least partly made thereBusiness practice laws: host countries govern business practices within their jurisdictionsCartels: associations of producers that control supply and pricesDumping: selling a product abroad for less than the cost of production at home Explain how international trade organizations and economic communities reduce barriers to international tradeNAFTA: removes most tariffsEU: These nations have eliminated most quotas and set uniform tariff levels on products imported and exported within their groupWTO: encouraging nations to protect domestic industries within agreed-upon limits and to engage in multilateral negotiations.Promote trade by encouraging members to adopt fair trade practicesReduce trade barriers by promoting multilateral negotiationsEstablish fair procedures for resolving disputes among membersCompare the different levels of involvement used by business when entering global marketsExporter and importers, international firms, multinational firmsIndependent agents, licensing arrangement, branch office, strategic alliances, foreign direct investmentDistinguish between a global business strategy and a multidomestic business strategy Global business strategy : offering a standardized, worldwide product that sold in an essentially same mannerMultidomestic business strategy: developing and marketing different products to meet all-round needs in countriesChapter 5Summarize the major benefits of planningTime management, maintaining the budget and staffing needs(By comparing the previous schedules against the traffic received by the store during the same time within a previous schedule period, a manager can create a cost-effective by eliminating overstaffing while assures the staff are ample.Distinguish among strategic planning, tactical planning and operational planning. Strategic planning reflects decisions about resources allocations, company priorities and the steps needed to meet strategic steps.Tactical plans are shorter-term plans for implementing specific aspects of the company's strategic plans.Operational plans are developed by the mid-level and lower-level managers, set short-term targets for daily, weekly, monthly performance.Explaining the importance of setting goals and formulating strategiesGoal setting provides direction and guidance for managers at all levels, helps firms allocate resources, define corporate culture and assess performance.Formulating strategies describes an organization's intentions, outlines how it intends to meet its target and includes its responsiveness to new challenges and new needs. The process of formulating strategies:Setting the formulating goal, analyze the organization and environment, match the environment and organization, and formulate the strategyDiscuss the conditions that encourage opportunities for entrepreneurs.Identify types of managers by level and areaTop managers, middle managers, first-line managersMarketing managers, information managers, human resources managers, operations managers, financial managers and other managersDescribe the basic management skillsTechnical skills, people relation skills, conceptual skill, time management skill, decision-making skillDescribe 3 types of leadership styles and how to choose the proper oneExplain the development and importance of corporate cultureA strong corporate culture directs employee's efforts and helps everyone work toward the same goal. It also helps newcomers learn accepted behaviors.。