下载文档原格式
黑龙江省2019届高三物理8月月考试题一、选择题(1----8单选9---12多选每题4分共48分）1．关于参考系的选取，下列说法正确的是A．参考系必须选取静止不动的物体 B．参考系必须是和地面联系在一起的C．在空中运动的物体不能作为参考系 D．任何物体都可以作为参考系2．如图所示，放在水平地面上的物体受到两个水平推力作用，处于静止状态，F1=8N，F2=3 N。
现将F1撤去，则物体所受合力为A．0 B．3 N C．5 N D．8 N3．一物体做匀变速直线运动的位移（x）与时间（t）关系是x＝6t-3t2（t以s为单位，x以m为单位），则物体A．2s后速度开始反向 B．1s后速度开始反向C．第1s内的平均速度是2m/s D．前2s内的平均速度是9m/s4.直升机悬停在空中向地面投放装有救灾物资的箱子,如图所示。
设投放初速度为零,箱子所受的空气阻力与箱子下落速度的二次方成正比,且运动过程中箱子始终保持图示姿态。
在箱子下落过程中,下列说法正确的是()A.箱内物体对箱子底部始终没有压力B.箱子刚从飞机上投下时,箱内物体受到的支持力最大C.箱子接近地面时,箱内物体受到的支持力比刚投下时大D.若下落距离足够长,箱内物体有可能不受底部支持力而“飘起来”5.如图所示,在竖直平面内有半径为R和2R的两个圆,两圆的最高点相切,切点为A,B和C分别是小圆和大圆上的两个点,其中AB长为R,AC长为2R。
现沿AB和AC建立两条光滑轨道,自A处由静止释放小球,已知小球沿AB轨道运动到B点所用时间为t1,沿AC轨道运动到C点所用时间为t2,则t1与t2之比为()A.1∶B.1∶2C.1∶D.1∶36.如图所示,一个质量为M=2 kg的小木板放在光滑的水平地面上,在木板上放着一个质量为m=1 kg的小物体,它被一根水平方向上压缩了的弹簧推着静止在木板上,这时弹簧的弹力为2 N。
现沿水平向左的方向对小木板施以作用力,使木板由静止开始运动起来,运动中力F由0逐渐增加到9 N,以下说法正确的是()A.物体与小木板先保持相对静止一会,后相对滑动B.物体受到的摩擦力一直减小C.当力F增大到6 N时,物体不受摩擦力作用D.小木板受到9 N的拉力时,物体受到的摩擦力为3 N7．质量为m的物体P置于倾角为θ1的固定光滑斜面上，轻细绳跨过光滑定滑轮分别连接着P与小车，P与滑轮间的细绳平行于斜面，小车以速率v水平向右做匀速直线运动。
2020届黑龙江省哈尔滨师范大学青冈实验中学高三（上）8月开学考试物理试题学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________一、单选题1．意大利著名物理学家伽利略开科学实验之先河，奠定了现代物理学的基础。
图示是他做了上百次的铜球沿斜面运动的实验示意图。
关于该实验，下列说法中错误的是（）A．它是伽利略研究自由落体运动的实验B．伽利略研究发现：斜面倾角一定，从不同高度开始滚动，小球的加速度各不相同C．伽利略设想，图中斜面的倾角越接近90°，小球沿斜面滚下的运动就越接近自由落体运动D．伽利略认为，若发现斜面上的小球都做匀加速直线运动，则自由落体运动也是匀加速直线运动2．一只小船渡河，运动轨迹如图所示．水流速度各处相同且恒定不变，方向平行于岸边；小船相对于静水分别做匀加速、匀减速、匀速直线运动，船相对于静水的初速度大小均相同、方向垂直于岸边，且船在渡河过程中船头方向始终不变．由此可以确定（）A．船沿AD轨迹运动时，船相对于静水做匀加速直线运动B．船沿三条不同路径渡河的时间相同C．船沿AB轨迹渡河所用的时间最短D．船沿AC轨迹到达对岸前瞬间的速度最大3．如图所示，三角形传送带以1 m/s的速度逆时针匀速转动，两边的传送带长都是2 m，且与水平方向的夹角均为37︒。
现有两个小物块A、B从传送带顶端都以1 m/s的初速度沿传送带下滑，两物块与传送带的动摩擦因数都是0.5，g=10m/s2，sin 37︒=0.6，cos 37︒=0.8。
下列判断不正确的是（）A ．物块A 先到达传送带底端B ．物块AB 同时到达传送带底端C ．传送带对物块AB 的摩擦力都沿传送带向上D ．物块A 下滑过程中相对传送带的位移小于物块B 下滑过程中相对传送带的位移 4．已知雨滴在空中运动时所受空气阻力22f kr v =，其中k 为比例系数，r 为雨滴半径，v 为其运动速率。
黑龙江省实验中学2020—2021学年度上学期高三学年10月月考物理试卷一、单选题（每题4分）1. 下列说法中正确的是（ ）A. 如果一个系统的合外力为零，则系统的机械能一定守恒B. 一对作用力与反作用力总是一个正功，一个做负功C. 如果一个系统的动量守恒，则系统的机械能不一定守恒D. 如果一个系统的合外力做功为零，则系统的动量一定守恒 【答案】C 【解析】【详解】A ．机械能守恒的条件是只有重力或弹簧弹力对系统做功，而不是系统的合外力为零，故A 错误； B ．一对作用力与反作用力不一定是一个正功，一个做负功，故B 错误；CD ．系统动量守恒的条件是合外力为零，与机械能守恒的条件不符合，即动量是否守恒与机械能是否守恒无关，故C 正确，D 错误。
故选C 。
2. 如图所示带电小球A 、B 的电荷分别为Q A 、Q B ，OA=OB ，都用长L 的丝线悬挂在O 点。
静止时A 、B 相距为d 。
为使平衡时AB 间距离减为2d，可采用以下哪些方法（ ）A. 将小球B 的质量都增加到原来的2倍B. 将小球B 的质量增加到原来的8倍C. 将小球B 的电荷量都减小到原来的一半D. 将小球A 、B 的电荷量都减小到原来的一半，同时将小球B 的质量增加到原来的2倍 【答案】BD 【解析】【详解】对小球B 受力分析，结合相似三角形法，如图所示可得2A B B L dkQ Q m g d =⋅求得3A BB LkQ Q d m g=为使平衡时AB 间距离减为2d，则将小球B 的质量增加到原来的8倍；或者将小球B 的电荷量都减小到原来的18；或者将小球A 、B 的电荷量都减小到原来的一半，同时将小球B 的质量增加到原来的2倍，故BD 选项正确，AC 错误。
故选BD 。
3. 用控制变量法可以研究影响平行板电容器电容的因素。
设两极板正对面积为S ，极板间的距离为d ，静电计指针偏角为θ。
实验中，极板所带电荷量不变，则（ ）A. 保持S 不变，增大d ，则θ变大B. 保持S 不变，增大d ，则θ变小C. 保持d 不变，增大S ，则θ变大D. 保持d 不变，增大S ，则θ不变 【答案】A 【解析】【详解】AB ．根据电容的决定式4SC kdεπ=得知电容与极板间距离成反比，当保持S 不变，增大d 时，电容减小，电容器的电量Q 不变，由电容的定义式Q C U=分析可知板间电势差增大，则静电计指针的偏角θ变大；故A 正确，B 错误； CD ．根据电容的决定式4SC kdεπ=得知电容与极板的正对面积成正比，当保持d 不变，增大S 时，电容增大，电容器极板所带的电荷量Q 不变，则由电容的定义式QC U=分析可知板间电势差减小，静电计指针的偏角θ变小，故CD 错误。
哈尔滨市2020级学业质量监测物理学科试卷(本试卷满分100分，考试时间75分钟。
)注意事项:1.答题前，考生务必用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔将自己的姓名、准考证号分别填写在试卷和答题卡规定的位置上。
2.答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案涂黑，如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后，再涂其它答案。
非选择题的答案必须使用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔写在答题卡上相应的区域内，写在本试卷上无效。
一、单项选择题(本题共6小题, 每小题4分,共24分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项符合题目要求.)1.传感器种类繁多,已广泛应用在生产生活中。
下列关于传感器的说法正确的是A.酒精检测仪应用了葡萄糖生物传感器B.电子秤所使用的测力装置主要使用了磁传感器C.电饭锅使用温度传感器实现自动控制温度D.电脑所用的光电鼠标主要采用声传感器2. 2021年12月15日，秦山核电站成为安全发电30年的核电基地,9台机组运行业绩多年稳定处于世界先进水平。
图是当前普遍使用的核反应堆的示意图。
下列说法正确的是A.核反应堆内核燃料发生核聚变B.石墨起到吸收中子的作用C.镉棒起到使中子减速的作用D.与相同功率的火电站相比,核电站所需原料少，造成污染小3.高空抛物行为曾被称为“悬在城市上空的痛”,带来很大的社会危害。
2021 年3月1日，“高空抛物”行为正式入刑。
假设一500mL瓶装水从80 m高处自由落下,与地面接触时间为0.05s,撞击地面后速度变为0，则该瓶装水对地面的冲击力约为A.5NB.100NC.400ND.1000N4.一列简谐横波某时刻波形如图甲所示。
由该时刻开始计时，质点N的振动情况如图乙所示。
下列说法正确的是A. t=0.7s时，质点N位于波谷处B.该横波在该介质中传播的速度为10m/sC.由该时刻起经过0.1s,质点N将沿x轴负方向移动到M点D.由该时刻起经过1.1s,质点K经过的路程大于质点L经过的路程5.北京时间2022年5月5日10时38分,我国太原卫星发射中心用长征二号丁运载火箭将8.颗“吉林一号”卫星发射升空,卫星顺利进入预定轨道,与原有在轨卫星成功组网。
黑龙江省哈尔滨市工业大学实验中学2021-2022学年高三物理模拟试题含解析一、选择题：本题共5小题，每小题3分，共计15分．每小题只有一个选项符合题意1.（单选）如图所示，轻弹簧两端拴接两个质量均为m的小球a、b，拴接小球的细线固定在天花板，两球静止，两细线与水平方向的夹角α=30°，弹簧水平，以下说法正确的是（）A．细线拉力大小为mg弹簧的弹力大小为mg解答：解：AB、对a球分析，运用共点力平衡条件得：细线的拉力为T==2mg弹簧的弹力F=mgcotαα=mg，故AB错误．C、剪断左侧细线的瞬间，弹簧的弹力不变，小球a所受的合力F合=T=2mg，根据牛顿第二定律得，a=2g．故C错误．D、剪断左侧细线的瞬间，弹簧的弹力不变，故小球b所受的合力F合=0，加速度为0，故D正确；故选：D．面四个图像中跟该F—t图象相对应的图象是 ( ）参考答案：A3. 如图所示，将一个光滑斜面置于匀强磁场中。
通电直导体棒置于斜面上。
电流方向垂直纸面向里。
以下四个图中，有可能使导体棒在斜面上保持静止的是参考答案：答案：AB4. 一带负电的点电荷仅在电场力作用下由点运动到点的图象如图所示，其中和是电荷运动到电场中、两点的时刻.下列说法正确的是A.该电荷由点运动到点，电场力做负功B.点处的电场线比点处的电场线密C.、两点电势的关系为＜D.该电荷一定做曲线运动参考答案：C5. 某同学为研究物体运动情况，绘制了物体运动的x-t图象，如图所示。
图中纵坐标表示物体的位移x，横坐标表示时间t，由此可知该物体做A．匀速直线运动B．变速直线运动C．匀速曲线运动D．变速曲线运动参考答案：B二、填空题：本题共8小题，每小题2分，共计16分6. （4分）如图所示，一储油圆桶，底面直径与桶高均为d．当桶内无油时，从某点恰能看到桶底边缘上的某点B．当桶内油的深度等于桶高的一半时，在A点沿AB方向看去，看到桶底上的C点，C、B相距，由此可得油的折射率n=；光在油中传播的速度m/s．（结果可用根式表示）参考答案：，．解：由题意得，光线在油中的入射角的正弦，光线在空气中折射角的正弦．则折射率n=．根据得，v=．7. 土星周围有美丽壮观的“光环”,组成环的颗粒是大小不等、线度从1μm到10 m的岩石、尘埃,类似于卫星,它们与土星中心的距离从7.3×104 km延伸到1.4×105 km.已知环的外缘颗粒绕土星做圆周运动的周期约为14 h,引力常量为6.67×10-11 N·m2/kg2,则土星的质量约为。
黑龙江省实验中学2020-2021年度高三上学期学年8月份阶段测试英语学科试题考试时间：120分钟总分：150分Ⅰ卷(选择题共100分)第一部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
AOn April 10, 1912, the ocean liner Titanic set off on its first voyage with more than 2,200 people on board. It was a historic moment. The ship was the largest passenger ship in the world.But on the night of April 14, the Titanic struck a giant iceberg. Within hours, it sank to the bottom of the ocean. There were only enough lifeboats for about half the people on board. More than 1,500 passengers and crew members died.The tragedy made headlines around the world. The tale of the ship has inspired many books, plays and movies. That includes 1997’s Titanic---one of the most popular films in history.Now, more than a century later, a replica (复制品) of the ship is being built. The Titanic II is expected to follow the route of the original ship. It is scheduled to launch in 2022 and sail from Southampton, England, to New York City.In many ways, the Titanic II will be hard to tell apart from the original ship. It will have the same cabin layouts (布局) and serve the same fancy meals. But according to the Blue Star Line, the company building the ship, there will be some important differences. The Titanic II will have the latest technology and safety features---including enough motor-driven lifeboats for everyone on board. Though the ship itself will be more modern, sailing on it will be a journey back in time, says Clive Palmer, the Owner of Blue Star Line.“It is a tribute (致敬) to the spirit of the men and women who worked on the original Titanic,” he says.1. What do we know about the Titanic?A. It was the largest passenger ship of its day.B. More than 2,200 people died when it sankC. It set sail from New York City.D. It sank the first day after it set sail.2. Why does the author mention the 1997 movie Titanic?A. To describe the ship’s design.B. To highlight the public’s interest in the ship.C. To explain why the Titanic sank.D. To compare the new ship with the original one.3. How will the Titanic II differ from the original ship?A. It will follow a new route across the Atlantic Ocean.B. It will serve fancy meals to passengers.C. It will have enough lifeboats for all passengers.D. It will have smaller cabins for passengers.4. What is the best title for the text?A. The Unsinkable TitanicB. The Titanic Sails AgainC. Titanic Stories Will Go onD. The Reconstruction of TitanicBFire Safety Training OnlineThis e-learning fire safety training course is aimed at all staff. This fire safety awareness online course enables individuals to improve their knowledge and understanding of the safety. Fire safety is an important part of any business. With the e-learning fire safety course you can ensure a safe environment for your staff and customers with minimum disruption (混乱) to your business. As this course is online, it benefits from constant updates to ensure the content remains accurate to any changing legislation (法规).WHAT DOES THE LAW REQUIRE?The Fire Safety Order requires all employers to:Carry out a Fire Risk Assessment.Provide appropriate training to their staff --- this should be related to a person’s job role. Everyone should have basic fire safety training so this course is ideal.Provide training for fire wardens (管理人) --- Fire Risk Assessments Ltd provides this training online due to this being unique to your site and fire procedures.THE TRAINING PROGRAMThe average time to complete the course is approximately 30 minutes. After completing each section, people need answer a few multiple (多的) choice questions correctly before progress to the next section is possible.COURSE CONTENTMain goals including preservation, prevention, protection and proceduresCharacteristics of FireLegal RequirementsFire Evacuation (疏散)Means of putting out FireInteractive QuizShould you wish to book or find out more about the above course, please call Fire Risk Assessments Ltd on 0208763 S610 to speak to one of their training advisors. Alternatively, you can email them at enquiries@ or visit their website at .5. This advertisement is most probably intended for______.A. law makersB. firefightersC. employersD. government officials6. What do people need to do after finishing each section?A. answer some questions correctly.B. put out a fire in 30 minutes.C. conduct a Fire Risk Assessment.D. learn related legal requirements.7. For more information, you should______.A. have an appointment with a training advisorB. visit Fire Risk Assessments Ltd in personC. write a letter to Fire Risk Assessments LtdD. visit the website CThe Boston Marathon is the oldest annual race in the world. This long-distance running event began in 1897. Like all marathons the distance is 26.2 miles (about 42 kilometer). To enter, you must first have the right to take part in, and about 20,000 athletes meet the requirements each year. Within that number are some who are known as “mobility impaired”. They might be in wheelchairs or have a man-made leg or arm. They start the marathon two hours before the other runners.I will never forget the first time that I ran the Boston Marathon. A truly amazing thing happened when I was halfway through the race. Ahead of me, there was a man who had only one leg. He was using a pair of crutches (拐杖) to help him run. Every runner who ran past him called out some words of praise and encouragement. I finished my race that day in just under 3 hours and 30 minutes. After finding my family, we went back to our hotel room.After resting a bit, at around 6 pm, we decided to watch the last of the runners pass the finishing line. By this time, there were only a few runners left in the race. As we stood there, I began to hear people cheering. Then I saw the man on crutches getting closer and closer to the finish. It was 8 hours and 15 minutes after the mobility-impaired runners had started. As he approached the end, he suddenly raised his crutches up in the air and completed the last stretch (临近终点的一段跑道) on one leg. To watch him pass the finishing line was the most amazing and inspiring experience of my life, one that my children and I still talk about.I have a personal motto (座右铭). "There is no great goal achieved without greater sacrifice." To me, it means that the journey toward your goals is often more difficult than actually reaching the goal itself. And people who make that journey, like the runner that day, encourage those around them.8. What is paragraph 1 mainly about?A. The organization of Boston Marathon.B. The influence of Boston Marathon.C. A brief introduction of Boston Marathon.D. The special of Boston Marathon.9. What does the underlined phrase "mobility impaired" in paragraph 1 refer to?A. The mentally disturbed.B. The physically disabled.C. The badly injured.D. The freely controlled.10. What happened during the race?A. The author had a rest during the race.B. The author inspired a runner with one leg.C. Runners running past the author encouraged him a lot.D. A disabled runner finished the last stretch on one leg.11. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A. The Special Marathon RaceB. The Oldest Annual Race in the WorldC. The Strong-willed Marathon RunnerD. The First Time I Ran the MarathonDNew York factories in the early 1900s were busy and dangerous places to work. Most factories were housed in brick buildings that were overly hot in the summer and extremely cold in the winter. Workers at the time often worked more than 12 hours each day, receiving few breaks and no overtime pay. The floors were crowded with people and equipment, and the doors were often locked to prevent employees from leaving early. In fact, most factory owners and managers mistreated those who asked for changes or directly fired them. The people in charge believed that they did not owe anything more than a paycheck to their workers.Everything changed when a fire broke out at the Triangle shirtwaist factory in 1911. During that tragic event, about a quarter of the workers (mostly young immigrant women) lost their lives. The factory workers, located on the ninth floor of the building, could not get the door open. The fire escape led only to flames below. The fire truck ladders were not long enough, nor were the water hoses (水管). Fire nets were inadequate.After the fire, people marched and protested in order to change conditions in factories. Many large protests took place in New York. Eventually, politicians took up the cause, and legislators (立法者) passed workplace laws regulating child labor and the number of workers allowed on a floor. They also called for sprinkler systems (自动喷水系统) to be placed in all factories. The rights of workers were important and valuable.Today, working in a factory is still a demanding, difficult, and often dangerous job. The victims of the Triangle shirtwaist factory did not die in vain, however. Because of their experience, the workplace was forever changed for the better.12. Which is the cause of the tragic accident?A. The quality of the factory building.B. The involvement of politicians.C. The lack of worker safety at the factory.D. The inexperience of the workers.13. Because of the Triangle shirtwaist factory fire, _______.A. employers were given more controlB. many laws were passed to protect workersC. sprinkler systems were inventedD. factories in New York closed14. Why did people most likely protest after the fire?A. The tragedy could have been avoided.B. The women who died were wealthy.C. Factories were the best places to work.D. Shirtwaists were hard to find after the fire.15. It can be learnt from the text that the fire_______.A. caused little damage to the factoryB. brought the reform in the working conditionsC. became a turning point for politiciansD. took place on the ninth floor of the building第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
黑龙江省实验中学2021届高三8月份阶段测试英语试题Word版含答案黑龙江省实验中学2020-2021年度上学期高三学年8月份阶段测试英语学科试题考试时间：120分钟总分：150分Ⅰ卷 (选择题共100分)第一部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
AOn April 10, 1912, the ocean liner Titanic set off on its first voyage with more than 2,200 people on board. It was a historic moment. The ship was the largest passenger ship in the world.But on the night of April 14, the Titanic struck a giant iceberg. Within hours, it sank to the bottom of the ocean. There were only enough lifeboats for about half the people on board. More than 1,500 passengers and crew members died.The tragedy made headlines around the world. The tale of the ship has inspired many books, plays and movies. That includes 1997’s Titanic---one of the most popular films in history.Now, more than a century later, a replica (复制品) of the ship is being built. The Titanic II is expected to follow the route of the original ship. It is scheduled to launch in 2022 and sail from Southampton, England, to New York City.In many ways, the Titanic II will be hard to tell apart from the original ship. It will have the same cabin layouts (布局) and servethe same fancy meals. But according to the Blue Star Line, the company building the ship, there will be some important differences. The Titanic II will have the latest technology and safety features---including enough motor-driven lifeboats for everyone on board. Though the ship itself will be more modern, sailing on it will be a journey back in time, says Clive Palmer, the Owner of Blue Star Line.“It is a tribute (致敬) to the spirit of the men and women who worked on the original Titanic,” he says.1. What do we know about the Titanic?A. It was the largest passenger ship of its day.B. More than 2,200 people died when it sankC. It set sail from New York City.D. It sank the first day after it set sail.2. Why does the author mention the 1997 movie Titanic?A. To describe the ship’s design.B. To highlight the public’s interest in the ship.C. To explain why the Titanic sank.D. To compare the new ship with the original one.3. How will the Titanic II differ from the original ship?A. It will follow a new route across the Atlantic Ocean.B. It will serve fancy meals to passengers.C. It will have enough lifeboats for all passengers.D. It will have smaller cabins for passengers.4. What is the best title for the text?A. The Unsinkable TitanicB. The Titanic Sails AgainC. Titanic Stories Will Go onD. The Reconstruction of TitanicBFire Safety Training OnlineThis e-learning fire safety training course is aimed at all staff. This fire safety awareness online course enables individuals to improve their knowledge and understanding of the safety. Fire safety is an important part of any business. With the e-learning fire safety course you can ensure a safe environment for your staff and customers with minimum disruption (混乱) to your business. As this course is online, it benefits from constant updates to ensure the content remains accurate to any changing legislation (法规).WHAT DOES THE LAW REQUIRE?The Fire Safety Order requires all employers to:Carry out a Fire Risk Assessment.Provide appropriate training to their staff --- this should be related to a person’s job role. Everyone should have basic fire safety training so this course is ideal.Provide training for fire wardens (管理人) --- Fire Risk Assessments Ltd provides this training online due to this being unique to your site and fire procedures.THE TRAINING PROGRAMThe average time to complete the course is approximately 30 minutes. After completing each section, people need answer a few multiple (多的) choice questions correctly before progress to the next section is possible.COURSE CONTENTMain goals including preservation, prevention, protection and proceduresCharacteristics of FireLegal RequirementsFire Evacuation (疏散)Means of putting out FireInteractive QuizShould you wish to book or find out more about the above course, please call Fire Risk Assessments Ltd on 0208763 S610 to speak to one of their training advisors. Alternatively, you can email them at enquiries@/doc/6e18334621.html, or visit their website at /doc/6e18334621.html,.5. This advertisement is most probably intended for______.A. law makersB. firefightersC. employersD. government officials6. What do people need to do after finishing each section?A. answer some questions correctly.B. put out a fire in 30 minutes.C. conduct a Fire Risk Assessment.D. learn related legal requirements.7. For more information, you should______.A. have an appointment with a training advisorB. visit Fire Risk Assessments Ltd in personC. write a letter to Fire Risk Assessments LtdD. visit the website /doc/6e18334621.html,CThe Boston Marathon is the oldest annual race in the world. This long-distance running event began in 1897. Like all marathons the distance is 26.2 miles (about 42 kilometer). T o enter, you must first have the right to take part in, and about 20,000 athletes meet the requirements each year. Within thatnumber are some who are known as “mobility impaired”. They might be in wheelchairs or have a man-made leg or arm. They start the marathon two hours before the other runners.I will never forget the first time that I ran the Boston Marathon. A truly amazing thing happened when I was halfway through the race. Ahead of me, there was a man who had only one leg. He was using a pair of crutches (拐杖) to help him run. Every runner who ran past him called out some words of praise and encouragement. I finished my race that day in just under 3 hours and 30 minutes. After finding my family, we went back to our hotel room.After resting a bit, at around 6 pm, we decided to watch the last of the runners pass the finishing line. By this time, there were only a few runners left in the race. As we stood there, I began to hear people cheering. Then I saw the man on crutches getting closer and closer to the finish. It was 8 hours and 15 minutes after the mobility-impaired runners had started. As he approached the end, he suddenly raised his crutches up in the air and completed the last stretch (临近终点的一段跑道) on one leg. T o watch him pass the finishing line was the most amazing and inspiring experience of my life, one that my children and I still talk about.I have a personal motto (座右铭). "There is no great goal achieved without greater sacrifice." To me, it means that the journey toward your goals is often more difficult than actually reaching the goal itself. And people who make that journey, like the runner that day, encourage those around them.8. What is paragraph 1 mainly about?A. The organization of Boston Marathon.B. The influence of Boston Marathon.C. A brief introduction of Boston Marathon.D. The special of Boston Marathon.9. What does the underlined phrase "mobility impaired" in paragraph 1 refer to?A. The mentally disturbed.B. The physically disabled.C. The badly injured.D. The freely controlled.10. What happened during the race?A. The author had a rest during the race.B. The author inspired a runner with one leg.C. Runners running past the author encouraged him a lot.D. A disabled runner finished the last stretch on one leg.11. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A. The Special Marathon RaceB. The Oldest Annual Race in the WorldC. The Strong-willed Marathon RunnerD. The First Time I Ran the MarathonDNew York factories in the early 1900s were busy and dangerous places to work. Most factories were housed in brick buildings that were overly hot in the summer and extremely cold in the winter. Workers at the time often worked more than 12 hours each day, receiving few breaks and no overtime pay. The floors were crowded with people and equipment, and the doors were often locked to prevent employees from leaving early. In fact, mostfactory owners and managers mistreated those who asked for changes or directly fired them. The people in charge believed that they did not owe anything more than a paycheck to their workers.Everything changed when a fire broke out at the Triangle shirtwaist factory in 1911. During that tragic event, about a quarter of the workers (mostly young immigrant women) lost their lives. The factory workers, located on the ninth floor of the building, could not get the door open. The fire escape led only to flames below. The fire truck ladders were not long enough, nor were the water hoses (水管). Fire nets were inadequate.After the fire, people marched and protested in order to change conditions in factories. Many large protests took place in New York. Eventually, politicians took up the cause, and legislators (立法者) passed workplace laws regulating child labor and the number of workers allowed on a floor. They also called for sprinkler systems (自动喷水系统) to be placed in all factories. The rights of workers were important and valuable.Today, working in a factory is still a demanding, difficult, and often dangerous job. The victims of the Triangle shirtwaist factory did not die in vain, however. Because of their experience, the workplace was forever changed for the better.12. Which is the cause of the tragic accident?A. The quality of the factory building.B. The involvement of politicians.C. The lack of worker safety at the factory.D. The inexperience of the workers.13. Because of the Triangle shirtwaist factory fire, _______.A. employers were given more controlB. many laws were passed to protect workersC. sprinkler systems were inventedD. factories in New York closed14. Why did people most likely protest after the fire?A. The tragedy could have been avoided.B. The women who died were wealthy.C. Factories were the best places to work.D. Shirtwaists were hard to find after the fire.15. It can be learnt from the text that the fire_______.A. caused little damage to the factoryB. brought the reform in the working conditionsC. became a turning point for politiciansD. took place on the ninth floor of the building第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
⿊龙江省实验中学2021届⾼三2020-2021学年上学期8⽉份阶段测试地理【解析】⿊龙江省实验中学2020-2021学年⾼三上学期8⽉份阶段测试地理试题学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________下图甲、⼄两区域所跨纬度相同，MN实地距离约为QR⼀半。
读图，完成下⾯⼩题。
1．关于图⽰，下列说法正确的是（）A．甲⼄两区域实际⾯积相等B．NH两点间的最短距离约是4440kmC．由M飞向H的最短航线⽅向是先向西北，后向西南D．MN段的⽐例尺⼤于QR段2．某⼈从⾚道上Q点以南60千⽶处，依次向正东、正北、正西、正南⾏驶100千⽶，则最后回到（）A．原出发地正北 B．原出发地正东 C．原出发地正西 D．原出发地图a为波兰位置图，图b为秘鲁位置图。
读图，完成下⾯⼩题。
3．有关两图的叙述，正确的是（）A．图a的⽐例尺⽐图b⼩B．波兰位于秘鲁的东北⽅向C．波兰和秘鲁皆位于西半球D．波兰位于秘鲁的西北⽅向4．根据地理坐标，可计算出秘鲁国⼟南北最⼤距离约为（）A．440 km B．1200km C．1998km D．2965km下图是浙江省某地等⾼线地形图，读图完成下⾯⼩题。
5．图中既能看到甲村⼜能看到⼄村的地点是（）A．① B．② C．③ D．④6．对于甲、⼄两村的描述，不符合事实的是（）A．甲村位于⼭南坡，采光⽐⼄村好 B．⼄村适合种茶树C．⼄村靠近河流，⽐甲村更适合发展为城市 D．两村都有梅⾬天⽓7．某俱乐部要在图中陡崖处开展攀岩运动，队员们⽤仪器测量出陡崖的相对⾼度可能是（）A．200⽶ B．150⽶ C．450⽶ D．500⽶某中学地理研学⼩组到华北某地进⾏研学。
该地正在打造“太阳⼭”⼯程——建设⼤型⼭坡集中式光伏发电站，下图⽰意该地等⾼线分布。
据此完成下列⼩题。
8．研学⼩组发现⼤⾯积集中式光伏发电站主要分布在A．甲 B．⼄ C．丙 D．丁9．图中桥梁与⼭峰的⾼差可能是A．510⽶ B．540⽶ C．570⽶ D．590⽶10．学⽣通过研学得知A．⽬测⼭峰海拔约915⽶ B．甲地坡⾯径流流向东南C．甲地可观测到丁地植被 D．桥梁是欣赏瀑布的最佳地点堰塞湖是因⼭体岩⽯崩塌导致的滑坡体等堵截河⾕⽽形成的湖泊。
物理选择题：本题共8小题，每小题6分，共48分。
在每小题给出的由个选项中，第14~18题只有一项符合要求，第19~21题有多项符合题目要求。
全部选对的得6分，选对但不全的得3分，有选错的得0分。
1. 物块以初速度v0竖直向上抛出，达到最高点后返回，物体所受空气阻力大小不变，下列v-t图像正确的是（）A. B.C. D.【答案】C【解析】【分析】【详解】上升时阻力向下，对物体受力分析可得mg f ma+=上升时加速度为fa g=+m下降时阻力向上，对物体受力分析可得-=mg f ma加速度为f=-a gm上升时加速度大于下降时加速度，故C正确，ABD错误。
故选C。
2. 中国4G牌照发放是在2014年，比发达国家晚了整整三年；但在5G时代，中国已经赢在了起跑线。
已知5G信号使用频率更高的电磁波，每秒传送的数据量是4G的50~100倍，则相比4G信号（）A. 5G信号的光子能量更小B. 5G信号的波长更短C. 5G信号的传播速度更大D. 5G信号的波动性更明显【答案】B 【解析】 【分析】【详解】A ．因为5G 信号使用的电磁波频率比4G 高，根据E h ν=可知5G 信号的光子能量更小，故A 错误； B ．由c λν=可知频率越高的电磁波，信号的波长更短，故B 正确；C ．任何电磁波在真空中的传播速度都相同，在介质中要看折射率，故C 错误；D ．因5G 信号的电磁波频率更高，波长更短，波动性比4G 的差，故D 错误。
故选B 。
3. 今年2、3月份，美国许多地方遭到了暴风雪的袭击，暴风雪造成了德州全州大停电。
居安思危，某同学利用所学知识自制发电机，交流发电机的模型示意图如图所示。
磁铁产生的磁场磁感应强度B =0.5T ，自制线圈匝数N =500匝，面积S =0.04m 2，不计线圈内阻，额定电压为220V 、20W 的灯泡正常发光了1分钟，下列说法正确的是（ ）A. 图示位置感应电流为零B. 线圈的转速n =5πr/s C. 电压表的示数为2 V D. 1分钟内该同学消耗的能量至少为1200J【答案】D 【解析】 【分析】【详解】A ．图示位置，线圈和磁感线平行，则穿过线圈的磁通量为零，感应电动势最大，A 错误； C ．不计线圈内阻，小灯泡正常发光，电压表测量的是有效值，即为小灯泡两端的电压220V ，C 错误； B ． 电源电动势的最大值22202V m E NBS NBS n ωπ===解得r/s n π=B 错误； D ．根据2060J 1200J W Pt ==⨯=D 正确。
黑龙江省实验中学2020－2021学年度上学期高三学年8月份阶段测试物理学科试题考试时间：90分钟 总分：100分 第Ⅰ卷（选择题 共51分）一、单项选择题:本题包括9小题,共计27分。
每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一个选项正确，每题3分； 1.如图所示，水平桌面上一小铁球（可看成质点）沿直线运动．若在铁球运动的正前方A 处或旁边B 处放一块磁铁，下列关于小球运动的说法正确的是( ) A ．磁铁放在A 处时，小铁球做匀速直线运动 B ．磁铁放在A 处时，小铁球做匀加速直线运动 C ．磁铁放在B 处时，小铁球做匀速圆周运动 D ．磁铁放在B 处时，小铁球做变加速曲线运动2.刀削面是北方人喜欢的面食之一，因其风味独特，驰名中外．刀削面全凭刀削，因此得名．如图所示，将一锅水烧开，拿一块面团放在锅旁边较高处，用一刀片飞快地削下一片片很薄的面片儿，面片便水平飞向锅里，若面团到锅的上沿的竖直距离为0.8 m ，最近的水平距离为0.5 m ，锅的半径为0.5 m 。
要想使削出的面片落入锅中，则面片的水平速度可能是下列选项中的哪个(g =10 m/s 2)( ) A ．3.5m/s B ．4 m/s C ．0.75 m/s D ．1 m/s 3.如图所示，自行车的大齿轮与小齿轮通过链条相连，而后轮与小齿轮是绕共同的轴转动的。
设大齿轮、小齿轮和后轮的半径分别为R A 、R B 和R C ，其半径之比为R A ：R B ：R C ＝3：1：6，在它们的边缘分别取一点A 、B 、C 。
下列说法正确的是（ ）A ．线速度大小之比为2：2：3B ．角速度之比为2：3：1C ．转速之比为3：2：1D ．向心加速度大小之比为1：3：184.两根光滑的杆互相垂直地固定竖直平面内．上面分别穿有一个小球．小球a 、b 间用一细直棒相连如图．释放后两球都开始滑动．当细直棒与竖直杆夹角为α时，两小球实际速度大小之比v a ∶v b 等于（ ） A ．sin α∶1 B ．cos α∶1 C ．tan α∶1 D ．cot α∶15. 一质点做直线运动的位置坐标x 与时间t 的关系为x ＝6＋5t －t 2(各物理量均采用国际单位制)，则下列说法不正确的是（ ）A ．t =0时刻的位置坐标为6mB ．初速度大小为5m/sC ．前2s 内的平均速度是3m/sD ．运动的加速度大小为1m/s 2 6.高速公路的ETC 电子收费系统如图所示，ETC 通道的长度是识别区起点到自动栏杆的水平距离．某汽车以21.6km/h 的速度匀速进入识别区，ETC 天线用了0.3s 的时间识别车载电子标签，识别完成后发出“滴”的一声，司机发现自动栏杆没有抬起，于是采取制动刹车，汽车刚好没有撞杆．已知司机的反应时间为0.7s ，刹车的加速度大小为5m/s 2，则该ETC 通道的长度约为（ ） A ．4.2m B ．6.0m C ．7.8m D ．9.6m7. 如图，一质量为m 的物体系于长度分别为L 1质量不计的轻弹簧和轻质不可伸长的细绳L 2上，L 1的一端悬挂在天花板上，与竖直方向夹角为θ，L 2水平拉直，物体处于平衡状态。
现将L 2线剪断，剪断绳瞬时物体的加速度为（ ） A ．g/cosθ B.g/sinθ C. gsinθ D.gtan θ8.如图所示，一物块置于水平地面上．当用与水平方向成060角的力1F 拉物块时，物块做匀速直线运动；当改用与水平方向成030角的力2F 推物块时，物块仍做匀L 1 L 2 θ速直线运动．若1F 和2F 的大小相等，则物块与地面之间的动摩擦因数为（ ） A ．23-B ．31-C ．312- D ．1-3 9.如图，轻绳的两端分别系在圆环A 和小球B 上，圆环A 套在粗糙的水平直杆MN 上．现用水平力F 拉着绳子上的一点O ，使小球B 从图中实线位置缓慢上升到虚线位置，但圆环A 始终保持在原位置不动．在这一过程中，环对杆的摩擦力F f 和环对杆的压力F N 的变化情况是( )A ．F f 不变，F N 不变B ．F f 增大，F N 不变C ．F f 增大，F N 减小D ． F f 不变，F N 减小二、不定项选择题:本题包括6小题,共计24分。
每小题给出的四个选项中，有多个选项正确，全部选对的得4分，选对但不全的得2分，有选错的得0分) 10.下列说法正确的是（ ）A.液体表面层里的分子比液体内部的分子稀疏，也就是表面层里的分子间距离比液体内部分子间距离大些，所以，表面层里分子间的相互作用表现为斥力，这是表面张力存在的原因B.不浸润现象中，附着层里的分子比液体内部稀疏C.氢气和氧气的质量、温度都相同，在不计分子势能的情况下，氢气的内能较大 D ．布朗运动是花粉分子的无规则运动11.如图甲、乙所示为某物体在0～t 1时间内运动的x -t 图线和v -t 图线，由图可知，在0～t 1时间内( ) A ．物体做的是曲线运动B ．物体做加速度越来越小的运动C ．图甲中12t 时刻，图线的斜率为02v D ．x 1－x 0=02vt 112.把一个小球以20 m/s 的初速度竖直向上抛出，若不计空气阻力，g 取10 m/s 2，则小球到达距抛出点上方15 m 高处的时间可能为（ ） A ．1 s B ．2 s C ．3 s D ．4 s13.如图所示，轻质不可伸长的晾衣绳两端分别固定在竖直杆M 、N 上的a 、b 两点，悬挂衣服的衣架挂钩是光滑的，挂于绳上处于静止状态，如果只人为改变一个条件，当衣架静止时，下列说法正确的是（ ） A ．绳的右端上移到b '，绳子拉力不变 B ．将杆N 向左移一些，绳子拉力变小C ．绳的两端高度差越大，绳子拉力越小D ．若换挂质量更大的衣服则衣架悬挂点右移14．如图甲所示，轻弹簧竖直固定在水平面上，一质量为m ＝0.2 kg 的小球，从弹簧上端某高度处自由下落，从它接触弹簧到弹簧压缩至最短的过程中(弹簧始终在弹性限度内)，其速度v 和弹簧压缩量Δx 之间的函数图象如图乙所示，其中A 为曲线的最高点，小球和弹簧接触瞬间机械能损失不计，取g ＝10 m/s 2，则下列说法正确的是( )A ．小球刚接触弹簧时速度最大B ．当Δx＝0.3 m 时，小球处于超重状态C ．该弹簧的劲度系数为20.0 N/mD ．从接触弹簧到压缩至最短的过程中，小球的加速度先减小后增大15.如图所示，在光滑的水平面上放着紧靠在一起的A 、B 两物体，B 的质量是A 的2倍，B 受到向右的恒力F B ＝2 N ，A 受到的水平力F A ＝(9－2t) N (t 的单位是s)．从t ＝0开始计时，则( ) A ．A 物体在3 s 末时刻的加速度是初始时刻的511倍 B ．t ＞4 s 后，B 物体做匀加速直线运动 C ．t ＝4.5 s 时，A 物体的速度为零D ．t ＞4.5 s 后，A 、B 的加速度方向相反第Ⅱ卷（非选择题 共49分）三、实验题:共2小题，共12分。
16.（4分）实验小组用如图甲所示装置做“验证力的平行四边形定则”实验。
(1)本实验采用的科学方法为_________________。
A ．理想实验法 B ．等效替代法 C ．控制变量法 D ．理想模型法(2)关于实验要点，下列说法正确的是_______________。
A ．两个绳套尽量短些B ．两弹簧测力计拉橡皮条时，细绳间的夹角尽量大些C ．弹簧测力计、细绳、橡皮条都应与木板平行D ．同一次实验，两弹簧测力计拉橡皮条与一个弹簧测力计拉橡皮条，保证橡皮条伸长相同即可 (3)图乙为根据实验数据按照一定的标度（标度未画出）画出的力的图示。
其中12F F F F 、、、中不是由弹簧测力计测得的力是_______（填字母），一定与橡皮条在同一直线上的力是__________（填字母）。
17．(8分)在探究物体的加速度a 与物体所受外力F 、物体质量M 间的关系时，采用如下图所示的实验装置．小车及车中的砝码质量用M 表示，盘及盘中的砝码质量用m 表示．(1)当M 与m 的大小关系满足________时，才可以认为绳子对小车的拉力大小等于盘和砝码的重力． (2)某一组同学先保持盘及盘中的砝码质量m 一定来做实验，其具体操作步骤如下，以下做法正确的是________．A ．平衡摩擦力时，应将盘及盘中的砝码用细绳通过定滑轮系在小车上B ．每次改变小车的质量时，不需要重新平衡摩擦力C ．实验时，先放开小车，再接通打点计时器的电源D ．用天平测出m 以及小车质量M ，小车运动的加速度可直接用公式a ＝mg M求出 (3)另两组同学保持小车及车中的砝码质量M 一定，探究加速度a 与所受外力F 的关系，由于他们操作不当，这两组同学得到的a －F 关系图象分别如图1和图2所示，其原因分别是：图1：__________________________________________________________； 图2：__________________________________________________________. (4)某同学在某次实验得到了如图所示的纸带（两计数点间还有四个点没有画出，纸带上的数字是相邻两点间的距离,电源频率是50赫兹)根据纸带可求出小车的加速度大小为 2/s m ，打计数点“4”时的速度大小为 s m /。
（结果保留两位有效数字）四．计算题（本题共4小题，共37分。
每小题的作答要求写明详细的解题步骤和必要的文字说明。
） 18.（6分）较偏远的农村盖房，为夯实地基，需要用夯锤打夯。
如图所示，夯锤固定有四个把手，打夯时四个人分别握住一个把手，同时向上用力将夯锤提起，经一定时间后同时松手，夯锤落至地面将地基砸实。
某次打夯时，设夯锤的质量为80 kg ，将夯锤由静止提起时，每个人都对夯锤施加竖直向上的恒力，大小均为250N ，施力持续时间1S 后同时松手，夯锤落地时将水平地面砸出2厘米深的一个凹痕。
g 取10m/s 2，求： （1）松手时夯锤获得的速度大小； （2）夯锤到达最高处时离地面的高度；19.（8分） 如图，一粗细均匀的细管开口向上竖直放置，管内有一段高度为2.0cm 的水银柱，水银柱下密封了一定量的理想气体，水银柱上表面到管口的距离为2.0cm ．若将细管倒置，水银柱下表面恰好位于管口处，且无水银滴落，管内气体温度与环境温度相同．已知大气压强为76cmHg ，环境温度为296K ． （1）求细管的长度；（2）若在倒置前，缓慢加热管内被密封的气体，直到水银柱的上表面恰好与管口平齐为止，求此时密封气体的热力学温度． 20．（8分）如图所示为某工厂的货物传送装置，倾斜运输带AB 和斜面BC 与水平面成θ=37°角，A 点到B 点的距离为x =6.25m ，B 点到C 点的距离为L =1.25m ，运输带顺时针方向运行速度恒为v 0=5m/s ，现将一质量为m 的小物体轻轻放于A 点，小物体恰好能到达最高点C 点，已知小物体与斜面间的动摩擦因数20.5μ=，求：（g 取10m/s 2，sin37°=0.6，cos37°=0.8，空气阻力不计） （1）小物体运动到B 点时的速度v 的大小； （2）小物体与运输带间的最小的动摩擦因数1μ；（3）小物体从A 点运动到C 点所经历的最长时间t 。
