2011年数学建模B优秀论文

承诺书我们仔细阅读了中国大学生数学建模竞赛的竞赛规则.我们完全明白，在竞赛开始后参赛队员不能以任何方式（包括电话、电子邮件、网上咨询等）与队外的任何人（包括指导教师）研究、讨论与赛题有关的问题。

我们知道，抄袭别人的成果是违反竞赛规则的, 如果引用别人的成果或其他公开的资料（包括网上查到的资料），必须按照规定的参考文献的表述方式在正文引用处和参考文献中明确列出。

我们郑重承诺，严格遵守竞赛规则，以保证竞赛的公正、公平性。

如有违反竞赛规则的行为，我们将受到严肃处理。

我们参赛选择的题号是（从A/B/C/D中选择一项填写）： B我们的参赛报名号为（如果赛区设置报名号的话）：B甲00226所属学校（请填写完整的全名）：参赛队员(打印并签名) ：1.2.3.指导教师或指导教师组负责人(打印并签名)：日期： 2011 年 9 月 12 日赛区评阅编号（由赛区组委会评阅前进行编号）：编号专用页赛区评阅编号（由赛区组委会评阅前进行编号）：全国统一编号（由赛区组委会送交全国前编号）：全国评阅编号（由全国组委会评阅前进行编号）：交巡警服务平台的设置与调度摘要对于给各个交巡警服务平台分配管辖范围的问题，首先运用Dijkstra算法求出A区交通网络中的任一路口节点到其他路口节点的最短路经值，再从道路的两个节点出发，选出具离它最近的交巡警服务平台，那么此道路就由所选的服务平台来管辖，这样可以依次选出各条道路所对应的交巡警服务平台，那么各交巡警服务平台相对应的管辖范围就能划分出来。

对于调度20各服务平台来封锁13条交通要道，也即13个路口节点的情况，假设每个路口节点只需一个服务平台的警力资源来封锁，建立一个有路程约束的最佳调度方案，得出进出城区的标号为12、14、16、21、22、23、24、28、29、30、38、48、62的路口节点分别由标号为12、9、16、14、10、13、11、15、7、8、2、5、4的交巡警服务平台的警力资源来封锁。

Minimizing the Number of repeatersIntroductionVery high frequency (VHF) is the radio spectrum，whose frequency band ranges from 30MHz to 300MHz. VHF is always used for radio stations and television broadcasts. In addition, it is also used by signal transmission of sea navigation and aviation. Because the radio spectrum of VHF is transmitted through straight lines, a signal is easily influenced by geographical factors easily. Thus, signals become weak when it is transmitted and some low-power users need repeaters to amplify them and increase the transmission distance. We consider the situation in which every two repeaters are too close or the separate frequency is not far enough apart which can interference with each other. In order to mitigate the interference caused by the nearby repeaters, this paper employs a continuous tone-coded squelch system (CTCSS). We associate to each repeater a separate subaudible tone，that is, the subaudible tone (67Hz-250.3Hz) is added to VHF. In this way, repeaters recognize signals attached to the same subaudible tones just like secret keys. In this system, the nearby repeaters can share the same frequency pair. When users send the signals at one frequency, different repeaters with subaudible tones can recognize signals from the users the same subaudible tone. If the users in a certain area contact with each other, we should consider the signal’ s coverage area of the users and the repeaters. As long as the users’ signals are accepted by repeaters, the signals could be amplified to transmit farther. At the same time, the repeaters attached with the subaudible tones could only recognize the users with the same subaudible tones. Hence, we can consider repeaters corresponding to the number of the users, which leads to the problem of frequency channel. When the number of users in this area increases, we can add repeaters. If two repeaters have different subaudible tones, they would not communicate with each other. Thus, we should consider the problem of how the repeaters communicate with each other when they have different subaudible tones. In the mobile communication system，the spectrum is influenced by many factors such as reflex，diffraction and dispersion. Therefore, when the radio spectrum transmits in the mountainous area，we should still consider the factors above.Repeaters[4]Repeaters are a type of equipment which can amplify signals，make up the deamplification signals and support far distance communication.CTCSS[5]CTCSS(Continuous Tone Controlled Squelch System ) is short for subaudible tones, whose frequency ranges from 67Hz to 250.3Hz. It is added to the radio spectrum to make the signal carry with a unique secret key.AssumptionThe users in the area is uniform distributedThe signal of the radio spectrum in the area can’t be effected by environmentIn a certain period of time there are a small number of users removingAll repeaters have the same standardAnalysis and solution of the model to the first problemThe problem is to find a least number of repeaters in an area of radius 40 miles so that the users in this area can communicate with each other. Considering that the given area is flat, we assume that the signal ofeach repeater covers a circular area and the repeater lies in the center of the circle. The following Figure 1 shows the relationship of three adjacent repeaters.CFor case B of Figure 1, if three circles are tangent to each other, then we find that the center area cannot be covered by the singles. In order to make the signal cover the triangle area, we have to consider adding a For case C, if the intersection of three circles is not null, similar to case B, we also have to add another repeater. Thus, it is easy to find that case A, comparing with cases B and C, is optimal. Thus, we obtain the largest covering area When linked hexagons, as shown in Figure 2. Obviously, it looks like a honeycomb structure. In fact, the honeycomb pattern is one of the most efficient arrangement for radio spectrum. It transmits by the wireless medium of microwave, satellites and radiation. The structure has a feature of point-to-point transmission or multicast. It is widely used in UN Urban Network, Campus Network and Enterprise Network.Figure 2. some circles intersecting together form the closely linked hexagons Now we have a circle with radius of 40 miles. Then we analyze the distances of signals from users and repeaters covering in the circle. Because the differences for the users and repeaters in energy and height, they have different covering distances. We calculate the distances with the theory of space loss. The formula[6]is1288.120lg 20lg 40lg LM F h h d =+-+,LM the wireless lossF the communication working frequency(MHz)1h the height of the repeater (m)2h the height of the user(m)d the distance between the user and repeater(km) We assume that 150F MHZ =,1 1.5h m = and 230h m =, under the condition of the cable loss and antenna gain, we obtain the system gain()(1,21,2)i j SG Pt PA RA CL RR i j =+-++==.The system gain is the allowed decay maximum of the signal from the users to repeaters. If the system gain value is higher than the wireless loss, the users could communicate with each other. Reversely, the users could not communicate. We make the system gain value equals to the wireless loss, thus, we get the extremity distance between the user and repeater. Then we haveSG LM =We choose a typical repeater and the user facility. Thus, the parameters [6] and data of the repeaters are as followsThe transmitting power 120(43)Pt W dBm =The receiving sensitivity 1116RR dBm =-The antenna gain of the repeaters 9.8RA dB =The cable loss 2CL dB =The parameters of the interphoneThe transmitting power 24(36)Pt W dBm =The receiving sensitivity 2116RR dBm =-The antenna gain of the interphone 0PA dB =The system gain of the system from users to repeaters 1144.2SG dB =. Thus, we get the sending distance from the users to repeaters 113.8d km =. Prove in the same way, we have the system gain of the system from the repeaters to users 2151.2SG dB =, the sending distance from the repeaters to the users 220.7d km =According to the sending distance 113.8D km = between user and repeater as well as the property of regular hexagon, we calculate the distance between two repeaters. We obtain that 223.09D km =, which is described in Figure 3. Because 2D is shorter than 2'D , users in this area cannot communicate with each other. Thus, we consider the sending distance 2'D between two repeaters firstly. Then we calculate the distance between the user and the repeater again shown in Figure 4. Finally, we get that 1'12.4D km =.Figure 3. the calculation distance according to the sending distance from users to repeaters.Figure 4. the calculation distance according to the sending distance from repeaters to the users.According to the calculated distance 12'12.4'21.45D km D km ==, we know that the given circle has a radius of 40 miles. We firstly consider the signals ’ covered area of the repeaters. Thus, we get the distribution of the repeater stations in this area showed in Figure 5. The number of repeater stations is 37. However, we need to decide the amount of repeaters distributing in one station.channel (the signaling channel between two points to transmit and receive signals) to transmit signals. Hence, we need 27 frequency channels [2] to maintain the normal communication.In order to avoid the interference about the close frequency between two repeaters, we arrange each repeater 10 frequency channels. We have121145.0145.03145.06145.09145.6145.63145.66145.69146.2146.23146.26146.29146.8146.83146.86146.89147.4147.43147.46147.49Mhz Mhz MHz MHz Mhz Mhz MHz MHz pl r Mhz Mhz MHz MHz Mhz Mhz MHz MHz Mhz Mhz MHz MHz r ⎧⎧⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎨⎨⎪⎪⎪⎪⎩⎩（）233145.12145.15145.72145.75()()146.32146.35146.92146.95147.52147.55MHz MHzMHz MHz pl r pl MHz MHz MHz MHz MHz MHz ⎧⎪⎪⎪⎨⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎩ Here, n is the number of repeaters.In this method of distribution ，we ensure that the signal could still be recognized after transmission. We associate to each repeater a subaudible tone and the users need to use the same tone to receive the corresponding signal. We suppose each repeater station have the same repeaters attached with different subaudible tones. In this way, we guarantee the signals transmitting in this zone without interference. Because when one user sends a signal with a specific frequency, the repeater could send the signal after adding or subtracting 600 KHz. However, our frequency channels cover the whole scope of the frequency. Thus, the signal can be transmitted in this zone.Finally, we calculate the number of the repeaters in a repeater station and obtain the number is 3. Thus, the total number of the repeaters is 3*37111=.When the number of users in this zone increases to 10000, we consider the problem as the first model. In this situation, each repeater station should cover 10000/37270.3= users. Hence, we need 270 frequency channels to maintain the normal communication. Since the number of the channels is too large, it is wasteful to use 10 frequency channels for the first problem. Thus, we consider assigning each repeater station 30 channels. Furthermore, we get 9 repeaters. However, for the frequency rand ranging from145MHz to 148MHz, the channel changes to 11.1KHz, which leads to the channels interfering with each other. Hence, we make use of the CTCSS system to distribute the 9 repeaters different PL tones. We can build the repeaters which can transmit the same frequency and have different tones.11145145.03145.06145.09145.012145.015145.6145.63145.66145.69145.72145.75()146.2146.23146.26146.29146.32146.35146.8146.83146.86146.89146.92146.95147.4147.43147.46147.49147.52147.55r mhz pl ⎧⎪⎪⎪⎨⎪⎪⎪⎩1'1'145145.03145.06145.09145.012145.015145.6145.63145.66145.69145.72145.75()146.2146.23146.26146.29146.32146.35146.8146.83146.86146.89146.92146.95147.4147.43147.46147.49147.52147.55r mhz pl ⎧⎪⎪⎪⎨⎪⎪⎪⎩Thus, we calculate the number of the repeaters in a repeater station is 270/309=. Then the total number of the repeaters is 9*37333=.The model of the line-of-sight propagation considering the effect ofthe mountainsWe search some information on how to build the repeaters at the top of the mountains. According to the factors influencing the positions of the repeaters, we establish a model to simulate these impact factors of transmission of VHF radio spectrum.When repeaters are installed at the tops of the mountainous, the positions of the repeaters are related to the height of the antenna, its coverage radius, the repeater power and antenna gain. Thus, it is difficult to build the communication network. In order to build communication network well, we should do lots of experiments to ensure the positions of the repeaters according to actual geomorphic environment.Since mountains have different heights, we mainly consider three cases. Case 1 is that the heights of the mountains are 15m below, case 2 requires that the heights ranges from 15 to 30m and the last one is 30m above.The Egli modelThis model considers the height of the mountains below 15m. We assume that the mountains in this zone have no larger peaks, that is, this zone is a medium rolling terrain.This model is based on the data of the mobile communication, which is established by Federal Communications Commission (FCC). It is an empirical equation which is summarized from the data of the irregular terrain. This model based on the barrier height is applied to the VHF radio spectrum and the irregular terrain. It demands the barrier height above 15m. When the barrier height is under 15m ，we modify the model to verify the modified factor T C . The loss of the spectrum [1] equation is218820lg 40lg 20lg 20lg T LM F d h h C =++---.Here, we assume that d is the distance between the two antennas (m), h ∆is the height of thetopography. If we use b h to denote the practical height of the sending signal antenna, o h to denote the least effective height of the antenna and m h the practical height of the receiving signal antenna, then theeffective height of the sending signal antenna 1h satisfies1()2b o h h h m +=, and the effective height of the receiving signal antenna 2h satisfies2()2m o h h h m +=, 100-10-20-301020305070100200300500t h e m o d i f y i n g f a c t o r s K /d B /h mFigure 6[1]. the range of the modifying factor. We obtain the relationship between the height of the topography and the modifying factor from the empirical data. Furthermore, we get the equation with respect to h ∆and T C .C 1.6670.1094h25150T MHz F MHz =-∆<< C 2.250.1476h150162T MHz F MHz =-∆<< C 3.750.2461h 450470T MHz F MHz =-∆<<This model for irregular area is fit for the frequency ranging from 40 to 450MHz. When the frequency is higher than 25MHz or lower than 400MHz and the distance between two antennas is less than 64km, the error would be very small. Through the model we can evaluate the value of the wireless loss and the number of the repeaters.Figure 7 describes the positions of the mobile station, repeater and the barrier. Next, we introduce the concept of the clearance.Figure 7．The schematic of the clearanceT the position of the mobile stationR the position of the repeater1d the distance between the mobile station and the barrier2d the distance between the repeaters and the barrierAssume that the line HD is perpendicular to line RT, which is called clearance showed in Figure 7. Because the distance between the two antennas is very far, thus, the HD is short. Then we can substitute the hd for HC . If the radius of the first Fresnel region (the region is used to evaluate the transmission energy of the video spectrum.) is 1F , we regard 1/HC F as the relative clearance.The equation [2] of the radius of the first Fresnel region is12112d d F d d λ=+where λ is a parameter.When the radio spectrum transmits ，there are always many barriers such as constructions, trees and peaks blocking the spectrum. If the height of the barrier has not reached the first Fresnel zone ，the barrier would have little influence to the receiving frequency level. However, when it is in the zone, it will cause the added losses (the power losses of the sending power relative to the receiving power) to decrease the receiving electrical level. The diffraction losses /dB T h e d i f f r a c t i o n l o s s e s /d BFigure 7. The relationship between diffraction losses and clearance [1].The relationship between the added losses and the clearance caused by the barriers is showed in Figure 7. When the height of the barrier is under the line RT and the relative clearance is larger than 0.5，the added losses changes around 0db. In this situation，the practical receiving electrical level approaches the value of the space loss. We can get the value of the clearance HC is less than0.557F or a negative value. It may1hinder the transmission of direct wave. Thus, we should make the barriers lie below the line RT. Strengths●In the first model, we distribute each repeater 5 frequency channels, meanwhile the different repeatershave different PL tones. Thus, under the condition of avoiding the interference of repeaters with each other, we control the number of frequency channels least to make the transmission more efficient.●The model is established when the users are uniformly distributed. When the number of users increases,the number of repeaters increases. Thus, this model applies the zone where the users are unevenlydistributed.●The Egli model is a model considering the modifying factors, which make the mountains areas problembe easily understood.Weaknesses●In the signal’s coverage area of the repeaters, we assume that each channel only has one user. However,in the practical situation, there may not be one user. That is to say, we have wasted the channel.●Our model belongs to fixed channels distribution strategies, the larger number of the users, the largernumber of the channels. It leads to channel interference with each other when channel bandwidth is less than 8.3MHz. Thus, our model only suits for less number of users.●Considering the mountains environment is complex, in our model, we only consider one mountaineffecting the transmission of radio spectrum.References[1] Yao Dongping, Huang Qing and Zhao Hongli, Digital Microwave Communication, Beijing: Beijing Jiaotong University Press, 2004.7.[2] Theodore S. Rappaport, Wireless Communications: Principles and Practice, Second Edition, Prentice Hall PTR，2006.7[3] DeWitt H.Scott, Michael Krigline, Successful Writing for the Real World, Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 2009.2[4] /wiki/Repeater, 2011.2.12[5] /wiki/CTCSS, 2011.2.12[6] /view/2074265.htm,2012.2.14。

城市交通巡警平台的设置与调度摘要由于警务资源是有限的，如何根据城市的实际情况与需求合理地设置交巡警服务平台、分配各平台的管辖范围、调度警务资源是警务部门面临的一个实际课题。

本文要解决的就是某市设置交巡警服务平台设置方案，以及如何处理在确保突发事件问题。

对于第一问，根据附件中的各点的坐标和图中所给的各标志点之间的相邻关系，我们求得任意两个相邻标志点的直线距离，根据附件中的全市交通路口的路线做出了邻接矩阵，再用Floyd算法求得任意两点间的最短距离。

在此基础上，为了确定需要增加平台的具体个数和位置，采用主成分分析法。

应用迪杰斯特拉（Dijkstra）算法进行搜索得到了该区交巡警服务平台警力合理的调度方案。

对于第二问，给出了设置交巡警服务平台的可量化的原则和任务，对现有方案进行评价然后进行优化；案发地点在A区，题目没有给出逃犯的车速，这里要处理好，怎样叫实现了围堵也是需要考虑的问题。

关键字：邻接矩阵、距离矩阵、整数线性规划、主成分分析、surfer作图一．问题的重述警察肩负着刑事执法、治安管理、交通管理、服务群众四大职能。

为了更有效地贯彻实施这些职能，需要在市区的一些交通要道和重要部位设置交巡警服务平台。

每个交巡警服务平台的职能和警力配备基本相同。

根据城市的实际情况与需求合理地设置交巡警服务平台、分配各平台的管辖范围、调度警务资源。

就某市设置交巡警服务平台的相关情况，建立数学模型分析研究下面的问题：（1）为各交巡警服务平台分配管辖范围，使其在所管辖的范围内出现突发事件时，尽量能在3分钟内有交巡警（警车的时速为60km/h）到达事发地。

对于重大突发事件，需要调度全区20个交巡警服务平台的警力资源，对进出该区的13条交通要道实现快速全封锁。

实际中一个平台的警力最多封锁一个路口，请给出该区交巡警服务平台警力合理的调度方案。

根据现有交巡警服务平台的工作量不均衡和有些地方出警时间过长的实际情况，拟在该区内再增加2至5个平台，请确定需要增加平台的具体个数和位置。

优秀的数学建模论文范文第1篇摘要：将数学建模思想融入高等数学的教学中来，是目前大学数学教育的重要教学方式。

建模思想的有效应用，不仅显著提高了学生应用数学模式解决实际问题的能力，还在培养大学生发散思维能力和综合素质方面起到重要作用。

本文试从当前高等数学教学现状着手，分析在高等数学中融入建模思想的重要性，并从教学实践中给出相应的教学方法，以期能给同行教师们一些帮助。

关键词：数学建模；高等数学；教学研究一、引言建模思想使高等数学教育的基础与本质。

从目前情况来看，将数学建模思想融入高等教学中的趋势越来越明显。

但是在实际的教学过程中，大部分高校的数学教育仍处在传统的理论知识简单传授阶段。

其教学成果与社会实践还是有脱节的现象存在，难以让学生学以致用，感受到应用数学在现实生活中的魅力，这种教学方式需要亟待改善。

二、高等数学教学现状高等数学是现在大学数学教育中的基础课程，也是一门必修的课程。

他能为其他理工科专业的学生提供很多种解题方式与解题思路，是很多专业，如自动化工程、机械工程、计算机、电气化等必不可少的基础课程。

同时，现实生活中也有很多方面都涉及高数的运算，如，银行理财基金的使用问题、彩票的概率计算问题等，从这些方面都可以看出人们不能仅仅把高数看成是一门学科而已，它还与日常生活各个方面有重要的联系。

但现在很多学校仍以应试教育为主，采取填鸭式教学方式，加上高数的教材并没有与时俱进，将其与生活的关系融入教材内，使学生无法意识到高数的重要性以及高数在日常生活中的魅力，因此产生排斥甚至对抗的心理，只是在临考前突击而已。

因此，对高数进行教学改革是十分有必要的，而且怎么改，怎么让学生发现高数的魅力，并积极主动学习高数也是作为教师所面临的一个重大问题。

三、将数学建模思想融入高等数学的重要性第一，能够激发学生学习高数的兴趣。

建模思想实际上是使用数学语言来对生活中的实际现象进行描述的过程。

把建模思想应用到高等数学的学习中，能够让学生们在日常生活中理解数学的实际应用状况与解决日常生活问题的方便性，让学生们了解到高数并不只是一门课程，而是整个日常生活的基础。