(完整word版)宏观经济学期末考试试卷与答案( A 卷)

宏观经济学A期末考试试题及答案一、单项选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 宏观经济学主要研究的是（）。

A. 个别经济单位的经济行为B. 总体经济现象C. 政府的经济行为D. 企业的生产行为答案：B2. 总需求曲线向下倾斜的主要原因是（）。

A. 价格水平上升B. 价格水平下降C. 收入效应D. 替代效应答案：C3. 货币政策的实施机构是（）。

A. 财政部B. 国家统计局C. 中央银行D. 证监会答案：C4. 经济衰退时，政府应该采取的财政政策是（）。

A. 增加税收B. 减少支出C. 减少税收D. 增加支出5. 货币供应量增加，利率下降，这表明（）。

A. 货币需求减少B. 货币需求增加C. 货币供给增加D. 货币供给减少答案：C6. 通货膨胀率上升，货币的实际购买力会（）。

A. 增加B. 减少C. 不变D. 不确定答案：B7. 经济中存在失业，政府应该采取的措施是（）。

A. 减少公共支出B. 增加公共支出C. 增加税收D. 减少税收答案：B8. 经济增长通常与以下哪个因素有关（）。

A. 资本积累B. 人口增长C. 技术进步D. 所有以上答案：D9. 长期总供给曲线是（）。

B. 向上倾斜的C. 向下倾斜的D. 向右倾斜的答案：A10. 经济周期中，经济从衰退到复苏的阶段被称为（）。

A. 复苏期B. 繁荣期C. 衰退期D. 萧条期答案：A二、简答题（每题10分，共40分）1. 简述凯恩斯主义经济学的主要观点。

答案：凯恩斯主义经济学认为，在短期内，总需求的变化是影响经济波动的主要因素。

政府可以通过财政政策和货币政策来调节总需求，从而实现充分就业和稳定物价。

2. 解释什么是菲利普斯曲线，并说明其在现代宏观经济学中的意义。

答案：菲利普斯曲线描述了失业率与通货膨胀率之间的负相关关系。

在短期内，较低的失业率往往伴随着较高的通货膨胀率。

然而，在长期内，这种关系可能并不稳定，因为通货膨胀预期会改变人们的行为。

3. 描述货币政策的三大工具，并简要说明它们是如何影响经济的。

《宏观经济学》课程的考核要求本课程采取闭卷考试的方式；时间为2小时（120分钟）总评成绩的计算依据：（1）平时成绩：占总评成绩的30% ;其中期中考试成绩占总评成绩的20%, 课堂小测验（至少两次）占5%，作业等占5%。

（2）期终成绩：占总评成绩的70%，以期终考试成绩为依据。

如下表所示：识记部分约占30%;理解部分约占40%;运用部分约占30%。

考试题型包括判断、选择、作图、计算、简答、分析论述等。

第十二章 国民收入核算一、主要概念国民生产总值 (GNP)、国内生产总值(GDP)、名义国内生产总值和实际国内生产总值、最终产品和中间产品、总投资和净投资、重置投资、存货投资、政府购买和政府转移支付、 净出口、间接税、国民生产净值、国民收入、个人收入、个人可支配收入、储蓄一投资恒等 式。

、单项选择题1、下列哪—项不列入国内生产总值的核算中 ( )A 、出口到国外的一批货物B 、 政府发放给贫困家庭的救济金C 、 经纪人从旧房买卖中收取的佣金D 、保险公司收到的家庭财产保险费 2、 “面粉是中间产品”这一命题 ( )0A 、一定是对的B 、一定是不对的C 、可能对，也可能不对D 、以上三种说法全对3、 下列哪一项计入 GDP 中 ? ( )A 、购买一辆用过的旧自行车B 、购买普通股票C 、汽车制造厂买进10吨钢板D 、银行向某企业收取一笔贷款利息4、 某国的资本品存量在年初为 10000亿美元， 本年度生产了 2500亿美元的资本品， 资本 消耗折旧为 2000 亿美元，则该国在本年度的总投资和净投资分别是 ( )A 、 2500亿美元和 500亿美元B 、 1 2500亿美元和 10500亿美元C 、 2500 亿美元和 2000 亿美元D 、 7500 亿美元和 8000亿美元 5、以下正确的统计恒等式为 ()A 、投资=储蓄 C 、储蓄=消费 6、下列项目中， (A 、总统新水B 、投资=消费D 、总支出-投资=总收入-储蓄 ) 不是要素收入B 、股息C 、公司对灾区的捐献D 、银行存款者取得的利息8、 安徽民工在南京打工所得收入应该计入到当年 A 、安徽的国内生产总值 (GDP) C 、南京的国民生产总值 (GNP) 9、 通货膨胀时， GNP 价格矫正指数 ( )A 、大于1B 、小于IC 、大于010、一国的国内生产总值小于国民生产总值，说明该国公民从外国取得的收入 () 外国公民从该国取得的收入A 、大于B 、小于C 、等于D 、可能大于也可能小于11、如果：消费额 = 6亿元，投资额 = 1 亿元，间接税 = 1 亿元，政府用于商品和劳务 的支出额 = 1 ． 5 亿元，出口额 = 2 亿元，进口额 = 1 ． 8 亿元，则 ()A 、 NNP = 8．7亿元B 、 GDP = 7．7亿元7、以下 () 不能计入国内生产总值A 、企业的库存C 、拍卖毕加索作品的收入 B 、家庭主妇的家务劳务折合成的收入D 、为他人提供服务所得收入( ) 中B 、安徽的国民收入 (NI) D 、南京的国内生产总值 (GDP)D 、小于0C 、GDP = 8．7亿元D 、NNP = 5 亿元12 、用收入法计算的 GDP 等于 ( ) A 、消费+投资+政府支出+净出C 、工资+利息+中间产品成本+间接税+利润 13 、如果当期价格水平低于基期价格水平，那么 A 、实际GDP 等于名义 GDP C 、实际GDP 与名义GDP 相同14、如果钢铁、油漆、绝缘材料以及所有用来制造一个电烤炉的原料价值在计算 GDP 时 都包括进去了，那么这种衡量方法 ( )A 、 因各种原料都进入市场交易，所以衡量是正确的。

[标签:标题]篇一：宏观经济学试卷A 及答案装订线装订线装订线装订线注：装订线内禁止答题，装订线外禁止有姓名和其他标记。

东北农业大学成人教育学院考试题签宏观经济学（A）一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1.如果导致通货膨胀的原因是“货币过多而商品过少”，则此时的通货膨胀是（）。

A结构型的B需求拉上型的C成本推动型的D混合型的2.通货膨胀对收入和财富进行再分配的影响是指（）。

A造成收入结构的变化B使收入普遍上升C使债权人收入上升D使收入普遍下降3．（）两种情况不会同时产生。

A结构性失业和成本推动通货膨胀B结构性失业和结构型通货膨胀Ｃ摩擦性失业和需求拉上型通货膨Ｄ需求不足的失业和需求拉上型通货膨胀4.假定充分就业的国民收入为1000亿美元，实际的国民收入为950亿美元，增加20亿美元的投资（MPC＝0.8），经济将发生（）。

A成本推动型通货膨胀B达到充分就业状况C需求不足的失业D需求拉上型通货膨胀5.凯恩斯等认为经济衰退或萧条的根源是（）。

A投资过度B消费不足C心理因素的变化D政治周期6.某一经济在3年中，货币增长速度为8％，而实际国民收入增长速度为10％，货币流通速度不变，这3年期间价格水平将（）。

A上升B下降C不变D上下波动7.在充分就业的情况下，（）最可能导致通货膨胀。

A出口减少B进口增加C工资不变但劳动生产率提高D税收不变但政府支出扩大8．治理需求拉上型通货膨胀，应该采用的经济政策（）。

A降低工资B增税C控制货币供给量D扩大出口9．紧缩通货膨胀的需求管理政策要求（）。

Ａ实现较低通货膨胀，但不引起产量下降Ｂ政府支出减少Ｃ降低名义货币增长率Ｄ政府提高税率10．如果通货膨胀没有被预料到，收益者是（）。

A股东B 债权人C债务D工薪收入者二、填空题（每空1分，共10分）1.衡量通货膨胀的指标是。

2.古典经济学家以为基础分析通货膨胀。

装订线装订线装订线装订线注：装订线内禁止答题，装订线外禁止有姓名和其他标记。

《宏观经济学》期末考试复习题附答案（参考）一、单项选择第十二章国民收入核算1．下列关于GDP说法正确的是（③）①一年内一个国家范围内的所有交易的市场价值②一年内一个国家范围内交换的所有最终商品和劳务的市场价值③一年内一个国家范围内生产的所有最终商品和劳务的市场价值④一年内一个国家范围内交换的所有商品和劳务的市场价值2．某人收入为1000元，个人所得税200元，政府补助150元，则个人可支配收入为（②）① 1350元② 950元③ 650元④ 1050元3．下列将计入当年GDP的一项是（③）①某人花10万元购买一辆二手汽车②面包厂购买的面粉③某企业当年生产没有卖掉的20万元产品④家庭妇女在家从事家务劳动4．如果一个社会体系的消费支出为9亿元，投资支出为1.2亿元，间接税为1亿元，政府用于商品和劳务的支出为2.5亿元，出口额为 3亿元，进口额为1.8亿元，则下列正确的是（①）① GDP为13.9亿元② GDP为12.9亿元③ NDP为13.9亿元④ NDP为12.9亿元5.一国的GNP小于GDP，说明该国公民从国外取得的产值（ B ）外国公民从该国取得的产值。

A、大于B、小于C、等于D、可能大于也可能小于6.今年名义GDP大于去年的名义GDP，说明（ D ）A、今年的物价水平一定比去年高了B、今年生产的物品和劳务总量一定比去年增加了C、今年的物价水平和实物产量水平一定都比去年提高了D、以上三种说法都不一定正确。

7．在一般情况下，国民收入核算体系中，数值最小的是（ C ）A、国民生产净值；B、个人收入；C、个人可支配收入；D、国民收入8、一国国内在一定时期内生产的所有最终产品和劳务的市场价值根据价格变化调整后的数值被称为（ B ）A、国民生产净值；B、实际国内生产总值；C、名义国内生产总值；D、潜在国内生产总值9、在统计中，社会保险税增加对( D )项有影响。

A、国内生产总值(GＤＰ)；B、国内生产净值(ＮＤＰ)；C、国民收入(NＩ)；D、个人收入(PＩ)。

大二宏观经济学期末考试试题及答案A卷一、单项选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 宏观经济学研究的主要对象是（）。

A. 个体经济行为B. 企业经济行为C. 国民经济总体D. 政府经济行为答案：C2. 以下哪项不是宏观经济政策的目标？（）。

A. 充分就业B. 价格稳定C. 经济增长D. 企业盈利答案：D3. GDP的计算公式是（）。

A. 消费+投资+政府支出+净出口B. 消费+投资+政府支出-净出口C. 消费+投资+净出口-政府支出D. 投资+政府支出+净出口-消费答案：A4. 通货膨胀率是指（）。

A. 货币供应量增长率B. 国内生产总值增长率C. 价格水平的增长率D. 失业率答案：C5. 根据菲利普斯曲线，失业率与通货膨胀率之间的关系是（）。

A. 正相关B. 负相关C. 不相关D. 正负相关交替出现答案：B二、简答题（每题10分，共20分）1. 简述凯恩斯主义理论的主要观点。

答案：凯恩斯主义理论认为，在经济衰退时期，政府应通过增加支出和减税来刺激总需求，以减少失业和提高产出水平。

2. 解释什么是货币乘数效应，并说明其对经济的影响。

答案：货币乘数效应是指银行系统通过存款创造货币的能力。

当银行收到存款时，它们可以贷款出去一部分，而贷款又会变成新的存款，从而产生更多的贷款和存款。

这个过程可以不断重复，使得初始存款的总效应放大，影响经济中的货币供应量。

三、计算题（每题15分，共30分）1. 假设一个封闭经济体的总支出方程为Y = C + I + G，其中Y是GDP，C是消费，I是投资，G是政府支出。

已知C = 100 + 0.8(Y - T)，I = 50，G = 200，T = 50。

请计算均衡GDP。

答案：首先计算消费函数C = 100 + 0.8(Y - 50) = 100 + 0.8Y - 40 = 60 + 0.8Y。

将C、I、G代入总支出方程得到Y = 60 + 0.8Y + 50 + 200。

《宏观经济学》期末考试试题一、判断题（对的写“T”，错的写“F”；每小题1分，共10分）1.人均真实GDP是平均经济福利（生活水平）的主要衡量指标。

2.1963年美国的最低工资水平是每小时1.25美元，而2013年则为7.25美元，因而，在美国拿最低工资的人的生活水平大大提高了。

3.大多数失业是短期的，然而，大多数所观察到的失业是长期的。

4.通货膨胀并没有降低大多数工人的购买力。

5.家庭决定把大部分收入储蓄起来会使总供给曲线向左移动。

6.某人出售一幅旧油画所得到的收入应该计入当年的国内生产总值。

7.无论什么人，只要没有找到工作就是失业。

8.短期总供给不变时，总需求的变动会引起均衡的国内生产总值同方向变动，物价水平反方向变动。

9.扩张性货币政策的实行可以增加货币供给量，从而使利率水平提高。

10.总需求不足时，政府可以提高转移支付水平，以增加社会总需求。

二、简答题（每小题5分，共15分）1.列出并说明生产率的四个决定因素。

2.解释企业通过提高它所支付的工资增加利润的四种可能原因。

3.是什么因素可能引起总需求曲线向左移动？三、应用题（每小题5分，共20分）假设今年的货币供给是5 00亿美元，名义GDP是10万亿美元，而真实GDP是5万亿美元。

1.物价水平是多少？货币流通速度是多少？2.假设货币流通速度是不变的，而每年经济中物品与服务的产出增加5%。

如果美联储保持货币供给不变，明年的名义GDP和物价水平是多少？3.如果美联储想保持物价水平不变，它应该把明年的货币供给设定为多少？4.如果美联储想把通货膨胀率控制在10%，它应该把货币供给设定为多少？四、计算与分析说明题（每小题10分，共30分；要有计算步骤，否则扣分）b.把2015年作为基年，计算各年的真实GDP。

c.与2016年相比，2017年的名义GDP、真实GDP增长率各是多少？名义GDP增长率和真实GDP增长率孰大孰小？解释原因。

2.一个经济在产出低于其自然水平4000亿美元的水平上运行，而且财政政策制定者想弥补这种衰退性缺口。

一、选择题 (每小题 1 分，共 30 分)1．The government reports that "GDP increased by 1.6 percent in the last quarter." This statement means that GDP increaseda. by 6.4 percent for the year.b. at an annual rate of 6.4 percent during the last quarter.c. at an annual rate of 1.6 percent during the last quarter.d. at an annual rate of .4 percent during the last quarter.2．A Brazilian company produces soccer balls in the United States and exports all of them. If the price of the soccer balls increases, the GDP deflatora. and the CPI both increase.b. is unchanged and the CPI increases.c. increases and the CPI is unchanged.d. and the CPI are unchanged.3．The price of CD players increases dramatically, causing a 1 percent increase in the CPI. The price increase will most likely cause the GDP deflator to increase bya. more than 1 percent.b. less than 1 percent.c. 1 percent.d. It is impossible to make an informed guess without more information.4．A nation's standard of living is measured by itsa. real GDP.b. real GDP per person.c. nominal GDP.d. nominal GDP per person.5．In 2002 President Bush imposed restrictions on imports of steel to protect the U.S.steel industry.a. This is an inward-oriented policy which most economists believe have adverseeffects on growth.b. This is an inward-oriented policy which most economists believe have beneficial effects ongrowth.c. This is an outward-oriented policy which most economists believe have adverse effects on growth.d. This is an outward-oriented policy which most economists believe have beneficial effects ongrowth.6．Generally when economists and the text talk of the "interest rate," they are talking about thea. real interest rate.b. current nominal interest rate.c. real interest rate minus the inflation rate.d. equilibrium nominal interest rate.7．An increase in the budget deficita. makes investment spending fall.b. makes investment spending rise.c. does not affect investment spending.d. may increase, decrease, or not affect investment spending.8．Norne Corporation is considering building a new plant. It will cost them $1 million today to build it and it will generate revenues of $1,121 million three years from today. Of the interest rates below, which is the highest interest rate at which Norne would still be willing to build the plant?a. 3 percentb. 3.5 percentc. 4 percentd. 4.5 percent9．Recent entrants into the labor force account for abouta. 1/2 of those who are unemployed. Spells of unemployment end about 1/5 of the time with peopleleaving the labor force.b. 1/3 of those who are unemployed. Spells of unemployment end about 1/2 of the time with peopleleaving the labor force.c. 1/4 of those who are unemployed. Spells of unemployment end about 1/2 of the time with peopleleaving the labor force.d. 1/4 of those who are unemployed. Spells of unemployment end about 1/5 of the time with peopleleaving the labor force10．Which of the following best illustrates the unit of account function of money?a. You list prices for candy sold on your Web site, , indollars.b. You pay for your WNBA tickets with dollars.c. You keep $10 in your backpack for emergencies.d. None of the above is correct.11．Current U.S. currency isa. fiat money with intrinsic value.b. fiat money with no intrinsic value.c. commodity money with intrinsic value.d. commodity money with no intrinsic value.12．Velocity in the country of Shem is always stable. In 2002, the money supply was $200 billion and the GDP price deflator was four times as high as it was in the base year. In 2003, the money supply increased to $240 billion, the price level increased by 15 percent, and nominal GDP equaled $1,200 billion. By how much did real GDP increase between 2002 and 2003?a. 20 percentb. 4.35 percentc. 2.17 percentd. There is not enough information to answer the question.13．Shoeleather costs refer toa. the cost of more frequent price changes induced by higher inflation.b. the distortion in resource allocation created by distortions in relative prices dueto inflation.c. resources used to maintain lower money holdings when inflation is high.d. the distortion in incentives created by inflation by taxes that do not adjust forinflation.14．International tradea. raises the standard of living in all trading countries.b. lowers the standard of living in all trading countries.c. leaves the standard of living unchanged.d. raises the standard of living for importing countries and lowers it for exporting countries.15．Which of the following would be U.S. foreign portfolio investment?a. Disney builds a new amusement park near Rome, Italy.b. Your economics professor buys stock in companies located in Eastern European countries.c. A Dutch hotel chain opens a new hotel in the United States.d. A citizen of Singapore buys a bond issued by a U.S. corporation.16．A Venezuelan firm purchases earth-moving equipment from a U.S. company and pays for it with domestic currency. This transactiona. increases U.S. net exports, and increases Venezuelan net capital outflow.b. increases U.S. net exports, and decreases Venezuelan net capital outflow.c. decreases U.S. net exports, and increases Venezuelan net capital outflow.d. decreases U.S. net exports, and decreases Venezuelan net capital outflow.17．At the equilibrium interest rate in the open economy macroeconomic model, the amount that people want to save equals the desired quantity ofa. net capital outflow.b. domestic investment.c. net capital outflow plus domestic investment.d. foreign currency supplied.18．In an open economy,a. net capital outflow = imports.b. net capital outflow = net exports.c. net capital outflow = exports.d. None of the above is correct.19．In the open-economy macroeconomic model, the real exchange rate is determined in the market where dollars are exchanged for foreign currency by the equality of the supply of dollars, which comes froma. U.S. national saving and the demand for dollars for U.S. net exports.b. U.S. net capital outflow and the demand for dollars for U.S. net exports.c. domestic investment and the demand for U.S. net exports.d. foreign demand for U.S. goods and U.S. demand for foreign goods.20．If a government increases its budget deficit, then interest ratesa. rise and the trade balance moves toward surplus.b. rise and the trade balance moves toward deficit.c. fall and the trade balance moves toward surplus.d. fall and the trade balance moves toward deficit.21．Investment spending decreases when the price levela. rises causing interest rates to rise.b. rises causing interest rates to fall.c. falls causing interest rates to rise.d. falls causing interest rates to fall.22．An increase in the price level and a decrease in real GDP in the short run could be created bya. an increase in the money supply.b. an increase in government expenditures.c. a fall in stock prices.d. bad weather in farm states.23．Which part of real GDP fluctuates most over the course of the business cycle?a. consumptionb. government expendituresc. investmentd. net exports24．According to liquidity preference theory, the price level and interest rate area. positively related as are the interest rate and aggregate demand.b. inversely related as are the interest rate and aggregate demand.c. positively related while the interest rate and aggregate demand are inverselyrelated.d. inversely related while the interest rate and aggregate demand are positivelyrelated.25．Which of the following shifts aggregate demand to the right?a. an increase in the price levelb. an increase in the money supplyc. a decrease in the price leveld. a decrease in the money supply26．If the Fed conducts open-market sales, the money supplya. increases and aggregate demand shifts right.b. increases and aggregate demand shifts left.c. decreases and aggregate demand shifts right.d. decreases and aggregate demand shifts left.27．Some economists argue thata. monetary policy should actively be used to stabilize the economy.b. fiscal policy should actively be used to stabilize the economy.c. fiscal policy can be used to shift the AD curve.d. All of the above are correct.28．The lag problem associated with monetary policy is due mostly toa. the fact that business firms make investment plans far in advance.b. the political system of checks and balances that slows down the process of determining monetarypolicy.c. the time it takes for changes in government spending to affect the interest rate.d. All of the above are correct.29．A. W. Phillips' findings were based on dataa. from 1861-1957 for the United Kingdom.b. from 1861-1957 for the United States.c. mostly from the post-World War II period in the United Kingdom.d. mostly from the post-World War II period in the United States.30．Which of the following is true concerning the long-run Phillips curve?a. Its position is determined primarily by monetary factors.b. If it shifts right, long-run aggregate supply shifts right.c. It cannot be changed by any government policy.d. its position depends on the natural rate of unemployment.二、判断题(每小题 1 分，共 20 分)31．The government component of GDP includes salaries paid to Army generals but not Social Security benefits to the elderly.32．An increase in the saving rate does not permanently increases the growth rate of real GDP per person.33．In ten years when you are the owner of a major U.S. corporation, if your corporation opens and operates a branch in a foreign country you will be engaging in foreign direct investment.34．Corporations receive no proceeds from the resale of their stock.35．According to the rule of 70, if you earn an interest rate of 3.5 percent, your savings will double about every 20 years.36．The value of a stock depends on the ability of the company to generate dividends and the expected price of the stock when the stockholder sells her shares.37．A minimum wage above equilibrium creates a labor surplus.38．According to the theory of efficiency wages, firms operate more efficiently if they can pay wages that are below the equilibrium level. 39．The use of money allows trade to be roundabout.40．The quantity theory of money can explain hyperinflations but not moderate inflation.41．In every economy, national saving equals domestic investment plus net capitaloutflow.42．In the open-economy macroeconomic model, net exports represent the quantity of dollars demanded in the foreign-currency exchange market.43．Although trade policies do not affect a country's overall trade balance, they do affectspecific firms and industries.44．If speculators bid up the value of the dollar in the market for foreign-currency exchange, aggregate demand would shift to the left.45．In response to a decrease in output the economy would revert to its original level of prices and output whether the decrease in output was caused by a decrease in aggregate demand or a decrease in aggregate supply.46．John Maynard Keynes advocated policies that would increase aggregate demand as a way to decrease unemployment caused by recessions.47．An increase in the money supply shifts the aggregate supply curve right. 48．Unemployment insurance and welfare programs work as automatic stabilizers. 49．In the long run, the inflation rate depends primarily on money supply growth.50．Although monetary policy cannot reduce the natural rate of unemployment, other types of policies can. 三、名词解释(每小题 2分，共 10 分)51．catch-up effect: 52．depreciation: 53．capital flight: 54．recession:55．automatic stabilizers: 四、简答题( 8题中任选6题；每小题 5分，共 30 分)56．Compare and contrast the population theories of Malthus and Kremer.57．Using a graph representing the market for loanable funds, show and explain what happens to interest rates and investment if a government goes from a deficit to a surplus.58．Which two of the Ten Principles of Economics imply that the Fed can profoundly affect the economy?59．The U.S. Treasury Department issues inflation-indexed bonds. What areinflation-indexed bonds and why are they important?60．Make a list of things that would shift the long-run aggregate supply curve to the right.61．Illustrate the classical analysis of growth and inflation with aggregate demand and long-run aggregate supply curves.62．How does a reduction in the money supply by the Fed make owning stocks less attractive?63．Why and in what way are fiscal policy lags different from monetary policy lags?五、讨论题(2题中任选1题；每小题 10 分，共 10分)64. Suppose government spends $3 billion to buy police cars. Explain why aggregate demand might increase by more than $3 billion. Explain why aggregate demand might increase by less than $3 billion.65. In 1939, with the U.S. economy not yet fully recovered from the Great Depression, President Roosevelt proclaimed that Thanksgiving would fall a week earlier than usual so that the shopping period before Christmas would be longer. Explain this decision, using the model of aggregate demand and aggregate supply.《宏观经济学》答题纸一、选择题 (每小题 1 分，共 30 分)1. 2. 3. 4. 5.6. 7. 8. 9. 10.11. 12. 13. 14. 15.16. 17. 18. 19. 20.21. 22. 23. 24. 25.26. 27. 28. 29. 30.二、判断题(正确用“T”；错误用“F”；每小题 1分，共 20 分)31. 32. 33. 34. 35.36. 37. 38. 39. 40.41. 42. 43. 44. 45.46. 47. 48. 49. 50.三、名词解释(每小题 2分，共 10 分)51．catch-up effect:52．depreciation:53．capital flight:54．recession:55．automatic stabilizers:四、简答题( 8题中任选6题；每小题 5分，共 30 分；答题时请标明题号)五、讨论题(2题中任选1题；每小题 10 分，共 10 分；答题时请标明题号)《宏观经济学》试卷A参考答案1.c2.c3.d4.b5.a6.a7.a8.b9.b 10.a 11.b 12.b 13.c 14.a 15.b 16.b 17.c 18.b 19.b 20.b 21.a 22.d 23.c 24.c 25.b 26.d 27.d 28.a 29.a 30.d31.T 32.T 33.T 34.T 35.T 36.T 37.T 38.F 39.T 40.F 41.T 42.T 43.T 44.T 45.F 46.T 47.F 48.T 49.T 50.T51.the property whereby contries that start off poor tend to grow more rapidly than countries that start off rich.52.a decrease in the value of a currency as measured by the amount of foreign currency it can buy.53.a large and sudden reduction in the demand for assets located in a country.54.a period of declining real incomes and rising unemployment.55.changes in fiscal policy that stimulate aggregate demand when the economy goes into a recession考生答题不得过此线∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶密∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶封∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶线∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶ 任课教师：教学班号：姓名：学号：∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶装∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶订∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶线∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶without policymakers having to take any deliberate action.56.The difference is that Malthus predicted that population growth would be greater than growth in the ability to increase output. He believed that people would continue to populate the earth until output reached a subsistence level. On the other hand Kremer argues that population growth increased productivity allowing people to improve their standard of living despite growing population. Kremer argues that with more population comes more innovations. The improvements in technology more than offset any adverse impact of the increase in population on the standard of living.57. As shown in the graph below, the economy starts in equilibrium at point E0 with interest rate r0 and equilibrium quantity of saving and investment at q0. If the government succeeds in obtaining a surplus, there will be more public saving in the economy at each interest rate, and the supply of loanable funds curve will shift from S0 to S1. The new equilibrium will be at E1, with a lower interest rate, r1 and a higher quantity of saving and investment, q1. Hence, if the federal government succeeds in having a surplus, interest rates will fall and investment will increase.Market for Loanable Funds58. 1. Prices rise when the government prints too much money.2. There is a short-run tradeoff between inflation and unemployment.59. Inflation-indexed bonds are bonds whose interest and principal payments are adjusted upward for inflation, guaranteeing their real purchasing power in the future.They are important because they provide a safe, inflation-proof asset for savers and they may allow the Treasury to borrow more easily at a lower current cost.60. Examples in the text (or variations) include increased immigration, a decrease in the minimum wage, more generous unemployment insurance, an increase in the capital stock, an increase in the average level of education, a discovery of new mineral deposits, technology, and removal of barriers to international trade.61.See graph.Over time technological advances cause the long-run aggregate supply curve to shift right. Increases in the money supply cause the aggregate demand curve to shift right. Output growth puts downward pressure on the price level, but money supply growth contributes to rising prices.62. The reduction in the money supply raises the interest rate. So the return on bonds increases relative to the return on stocks. The increase in the interest rate also causes spending to fall so that revenues and profits fall making shares of ownership in corporations less valuable.63.The fiscal policy lags are mostly a matter of waiting to implement the policy. By the time the president and Congress can agree to and pass legislation changing expenditures or taxes, the recession may have ended. The Federal Reserve can act to change the money supply quickly, but it may take some time before the effects of an increase in the money supply work their way through the economy.64. 当政府支出30亿美元购买警车时，直接投资增加警车生产企业的利润，这种增加又使该企业雇佣更多工人，并增加生的。

宏观经济学期末考试试题及答案试卷A一、单项选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 宏观经济学研究的主要对象是（）。

A. 个体经济行为B. 企业经济行为C. 国民经济总体D. 政府经济行为答案：C2. 国内生产总值（GDP）是指（）。

A. 一个国家所有居民生产的最终产品和服务的市场价值B. 一个国家所有居民消费的最终产品和服务的市场价值C. 一个国家所有居民收入的总和D. 一个国家所有居民储蓄的总和答案：A3. 通货膨胀是指（）。

A. 货币供应量增加B. 货币供应量减少C. 货币购买力下降D. 货币购买力上升答案：C4. 货币政策的主要工具不包括（）。

A. 利率B. 货币供应量C. 税收D. 公开市场操作答案：C5. 财政政策的自动稳定器包括（）。

A. 税收B. 政府支出C. 政府债务D. 所有以上答案：D6. 经济周期的四个阶段是（）。

A. 繁荣、衰退、萧条、复苏B. 繁荣、萧条、衰退、复苏C. 复苏、衰退、萧条、繁荣D. 萧条、复苏、繁荣、衰退答案：A7. 总需求曲线向下倾斜表明（）。

A. 价格水平上升，总需求增加B. 价格水平上升，总需求减少C. 价格水平下降，总需求增加D. 价格水平下降，总需求减少答案：B8. 长期总供给曲线是（）。

A. 垂直的B. 向右上方倾斜的C. 向右下方倾斜的D. 水平的答案：A9. 货币乘数的大小取决于（）。

A. 法定准备金率B. 货币流通速度C. 银行贷款利率D. 以上都不是答案：A10. 菲利普斯曲线描述的是（）。

A. 通货膨胀与失业率之间的关系B. 通货膨胀与经济增长之间的关系C. 经济增长与失业率之间的关系D. 货币供应量与失业率之间的关系答案：A二、多项选择题（每题3分，共15分）1. 以下哪些因素会影响总需求（）。

A. 消费者信心B. 利率水平C. 政府支出D. 货币供应量答案：ABCD2. 以下哪些是财政政策的工具（）。

A. 税收B. 政府支出C. 货币供应量D. 利率答案：AB3. 以下哪些是宏观经济学的主要目标（）。

宏观经济期末考试题及答案# 宏观经济期末考试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 宏观经济学研究的主要问题包括：A. 个人消费行为B. 企业生产决策C. 国民收入水平D. 价格水平答案：C2. 根据凯恩斯理论，当经济处于：A. 充分就业状态时，财政政策无效B. 非充分就业状态时，财政政策有效C. 通货膨胀状态时，货币政策无效D. 经济衰退时，货币政策无效答案：B3. 货币供应量增加，按照货币数量论，将导致：A. 利率上升B. 国民收入增加C. 价格水平上升D. 失业率上升答案：C4. 经济增长的长期趋势主要取决于：A. 政府支出B. 货币政策C. 技术水平D. 人口增长率答案：C5. 以下哪项不是货币政策工具？A. 利率调整B. 公开市场操作C. 法定准备金率D. 财政支出答案：D...（此处省略其他选择题）二、简答题（每题10分，共30分）1. 解释什么是菲利普斯曲线，并简述其在宏观经济政策中的应用。

答案：菲利普斯曲线是描述失业率与通货膨胀率之间关系的经济理论，通常表现为二者之间的负相关关系，即失业率较低时，通货膨胀率较高，反之亦然。

在宏观经济政策中，政府和中央银行可以利用菲利普斯曲线来制定政策，通过调整货币供应量或财政支出来影响经济，实现低失业率和低通货膨胀率的平衡。

2. 描述什么是“挤出效应”，并给出一个可能的情境。

答案：挤出效应是指政府增加财政支出时，通过提高利率或减少私人投资，导致私人部门的经济活动减少的现象。

例如，当政府为了刺激经济而增加公共支出时，可能会推高利率，使得企业和个人借贷成本上升，从而减少他们的投资和消费，这就会减少私人部门的经济活动。

3. 解释什么是“乘数效应”，并给出一个例子。

答案：乘数效应是指初始支出的变化通过连锁反应导致总需求的更大变化的现象。

例如，政府在经济衰退期间增加公共工程支出，这将直接创造就业和收入，而这些收入的增加又会促使人们增加消费，进一步刺激经济活动，最终导致总需求的增长远大于初始的政府支出。