2019人教版高一英语新教材必修一同步语法讲解(Unit 1)

  • 格式:doc
  • 大小:57.50 KB
  • 文档页数:3

1

2019人教版高一英语必修一同步语法讲解(Unit 1)

Book 1 Unit 1

名词短语、形容词短语和副词短语

短语或词组是具有一定意义但不构成句子或从句的一组词, 在句子里可以单独构成一种句子成分。

一.名词短语: 指以一个名词为中心构成的短语,在句中的功能相当于名词。名词短语通常是由名词及其修饰语构成。

(一)名词短语的组成

1.前置定语+名词 作前置定语的主要有:限定词、名词所有格、数词、形容词、名词、单个的分词或动名词等。

注意:限定词包括:

冠词 (a / an / the )、指 示代词 (this、that、these、those等 )、 物主代词

(my 、your、his、her、our、their 等 )和不定 代词(some、

no 、neither、 both

等 ) What is your sister’s favorite color?

你姐姐最喜欢的颜色是什么?

The online shop sells children’s and men’s shoes at a

very low price.

网店以低廉的价格销售儿童和男士的鞋子。

Our school has fifty-six women teachers.

我们学校有56个女教师。

Mom, please give me two tomatoes. I want to make

vegetable salad.

妈妈,请给我两个西红柿,我想做蔬菜沙拉。

The sleeping child is his son.

正在睡觉的孩子是他的儿子.

The fallen leaves are like a thick blanket on the ground.

落叶像一层厚厚的毯子盖在地上。

He went to the swimming pool.他去游泳池了.

2.名词+

后置定语 作后置定语的主要有:介词短语、分词、不定式等。 Here are two nice photos of my family.

这儿有两张我家的好看的相片。

As we all know, Mountain Tai is the pride of Shandong.

众所周知,泰山是山东的骄傲。

If you don’t know the way to the science museum, here

is a map of the city.

如果你不知道去科技博物馆的路,这是城市地图。

There are some boys playing basketball over there.

有一些男孩正在那边打篮球。

Do you know the man talking to Tom?

你认识正在和汤姆谈话的那个人吗?

The problem discussed yesterday has been solved.

昨天讨论的问题被解决了。

Nowadays some products made in China are both good

and cheap. 现在很多中国制造的产品质量好且便宜。

The man to give us a talk next week is a scientist.下周要给我们作报告的人是个科学家。

Tu Youyou is the first Chinese to win the prize in science.

屠呦呦是第一个获得科学奖的中国人。 2

(二)名词短语的功能

名词短语在句中当作名词用,一 般用作主语、宾语、表语或宾语补足语。

1.作主语 The broken glass may cut into your hand if you touch it.

如果你触摸它,坏了的玻璃杯可能会划伤你的手。

----The best season to come to Yichang is spring.

到宜昌的最佳季节是春季。

----I think so. The green water and green mountains are unforgettable

我也是这样看的。青山绿水令人难忘。

The houses built last year are for the teachers.

去年建成的那些房子是为老师们建的。

2.作宾语 I’d like tomato noodles for breakfast. 早餐我想要西红柿面条。

Jack’s mother can’t go to the parents’ meeting because she is too busy. 杰克的妈妈不能参加家长会,因为她太忙了。

Do you have this T-shirt in a small size? 你有小号的这款T恤吗?

3.作表语 Excuse me! Is this Lucy and Lily’s new house?

打扰一下,这是露西和莉莉的新房子吗?

He was the best man to do the job. 他是做这个工作最好的人选。

This is the method of cooking the tasty cookie.

这就是做这种美味甜饼的方法。

4.作宾语补足语 We made Tom our group leader. 我们选汤姆当我们的组长。

More and more foreigners consider Beijing Opera an important part of

Chinese culture.

越来越多的外国人认为京剧是中国文化的一个重要组成部分。

二.形容词短语:指以一个形容词为中心构成的短语,在句中的功能相当于形容词。形容词短语通常是由形容词及其修饰语构成。

(一)形容词短语的组成

1.副词+形容词

注意:enough修饰形容词,放在所修饰的形容词之后。

The little boy is very clever. 这个小男孩很聪明。

My deskmate is really active. 我的同桌真的是很活泼。

I’m terribly sorry. 我非常抱歉。

She feels quite happy. 她感到很开心。

Tom is much more friendly and he has more friends.

汤姆(对人)更友好,他有更多的朋友。

This coat was much too expensive.这件大衣太贵了。

This movie wasn’t interesting enough. 这部电影不足够有趣。

You can’t be careful enough. 你怎么小心也不为过。

2. 形容词+

介词短语 His face was white with anger. 他的脸气得发白。

The bottle is full of water. 瓶子里装满了水。

3. 形容词+

不定式短语 He is sure to come. 他一定会来的。

He is eager to see his parents. 他急切地想见到父母。

(二)形容词短语的功能

形容词短语在句中当作形容词用,一般可用作定语(修饰名词或代词)、表语、宾语补足语或状语。 3

1. 作定语

My little sister is a very curious girl and she always asks me strange questions.

我的小妹妹是一个好奇心强的女孩,她总是问我奇怪的问题。

Tom is a student always ready to help others. 汤姆是个学生,总是乐于助人。

2. 作表语 The sweater is too expensive,and I don’t have enough money to buy it. 那件毛衣太贵了,我没有足够的钱买。

Robot is so busy that he even has no time to stay with his children at weekends.

罗伯特如此忙,以至于周末他没有时间和孩子待在一起。

He can't do anything, he's completely good for nothing!

他什么都干不了,一点也没用。

3. 作宾语

补足语 Helping others makes us very proud. 帮助别人使我们非常自豪。

I find the book easy to understand.我发现这本书很好懂。

4. 作状语 After the long journey, the three of them went back home, hungry and tired.

长途旅行后他们三人回家了,又累又饿。

Curious enough,Danny opened the box to see what was in it.

出于好奇,丹尼打开了那只盒子,想看看里面是什么。

三.副词短语:指以一个副词为中心构成的短语,在句中的功能相当于副词。副词短语通常是由副词及其修饰语构成。

(一)副词短语的组成

副词+副词

注意:very ,quite, extremely等程度副词修饰副词时,放在所修饰的副词之前;enough修饰副词时,放在所修饰的副词之后。 He runs very quickly.他跑的很快。

You are speaking too fast. Can you speak a

little

more slowly?

你说得太快了,你能说慢一点儿吗?

You speak clearly enough. I can follow you. 你讲得足够清楚,我能听懂。

(二)副词短语的功能

1.修饰动词 He speaks English quite fluently. 他英语说得很流利。

2. 修饰形容词 The instructions on the box are really very confusing.

盒子上的使用说明令人费解。

3.修饰副词 The fire spread far too fast.

大火蔓延得太快了。

4.修饰句子 Luckily enough, we won the first prize for the competition. 足够幸运的是,我们获得了比赛的第一名。