英语语法名词解释精华汇总(总1页)
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morpheme: A morpheme is the minimal distinctive
grammatical unit, and is the lowest unit in
grammatical hierarchy. Morphemes are actually
abstract elements of analysis. What occurs is an
orthographic form in writing termed “morph” which
realizes the morpheme.
parsing：Breaking a sentence into smaller
components for analysis and then grouping them into
various classes in a systematic way.
complex sentence
The complex sentence is a sentence that contains
more than one clause that are joined together by
subordinating one to another．
Alternative questions: Those questions that suggest
two (or more) alternatives and usually imply that one
of them could be true.
How-exclamations: Exclamations that are led by the
adverb ‘how’. It highlights the adjective, adverb, or
Overview
Grammar is no doubt very critical in learning a language. However, it is not only about a set of
rules,but I would rather say, is governed by a set of rules. Grammar is systematic, organized
and dynamic at the same time. As language is a living fluid entity that changes in response to
changes in society, grammar is not absolute and fixed. Be ware of the different styles of
language, regional differences and changing nature of grammar when we start to study it.
Before digging into the complicated structure of grammar, first have an overview of what is
required of us English majors to learn for grammar, what is grammar, how it is structured and
make clear some most commonly refered concepts and terms appearing afterwards.
Grammar Hierarchy
Grammar is the structural system of a language. The grammar of the English languages is
grammaticality 名词解释(一)
Grammaticality 名词解释
什么是 Grammaticality？
Grammaticality（语法正确性）是指一个句子或短语是否符合语法规则，能否被接受为语言的有效表达形式。在句法学和语言学领域中，Grammaticality 是一个重要的概念，用于研究和评估句子的合理性和正确性。
相关名词
以下是与 Grammaticality 相关的一些名词解释及举例说明：
1. 语法规则 (Grammar rules)
语法规则是指语言中一系列设定的规范，规定了句子如何构成、单词如何组合以及句子的结构和意义。它们是语言学习和语法分析的基础。
• 例子：在英语中，语法规则要求主语和谓语之间要有一致性。比如句子 “She go to the store.” 就违反了英语语法规则，正确的形式应该是 “She goes to the store.” 2. 句法结构 (Syntax structure)
句法结构是指句子中的成分之间的关系和组织方式。它描述了句子中各个成分的语法功能和句子的语法正确性。
• 例子：在英语中，一个基本的句法结构是主语-谓语-宾语。比如句子 “I eat an apple.” 符合这个结构，其中”I”是主语，“eat”是谓语，“an apple”是宾语。
3. 语法错误 (Grammatical errors)
语法错误指的是句子或短语中违反了语言的语法规则的部分。这些错误可能导致句子不通顺或无法理解。
• 例子：句子 “He don’t like ice cream.” 中的错误是使用了错误的谓语形式。正确的形式应该是 “He doesn’t like
ice cream.”
4. 语言判断 (Linguistic judgments)
语言判断是指对句子中的语法正确与否进行评估和判断的能力。通过语言判断，人们可以确定一个句子是否符合语法规则，即是否具有Grammaticality。
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语言学术语（英-汉对照）表Aabbreviation缩写词，略语
ablative夺格，离格
accent重音（符）
accusative宾格
achievement test成绩测试
acquisition习得
acronym缩略语
action process动作过程
actor动作者
address form称呼形式
addressee受话人
addresser发话人
adjective形容词
adjunct修饰成分附加语
adverb副词
affix词缀
affixation词缀附加法
affricate塞擦音
agreement一致关系
airstream气流
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alliteration头韵
allomorph词/语素变体
allophone音位变体
allophonic variation音位变体
allophony音位变体现象
alveolar ridge齿龈
alveolar齿龈音
ambiguity歧义
analogical creation类推造字
anapest抑抑扬格
anaphor前指替代
anaphoric reference前指照应
animate有生命的
annotation注解
antecedent先行词前在词
anthropologicallinguistics人类语言学anticipatorycoarticulation逆化协同
发音
antonomasia换称代类名
antonym反义词
antonymy反义(关系)
appellative称谓性
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applied linguistics应用语言学
appliedsociolinguistics应用社会语
言学
appropriacy适宜性appropriateness适宜性得体性
approximant无摩擦延续音
aptitude test素质测试
