人教版2019选择性必修第一册单元测试定心卷Unit 5 Working the land能力提升I.阅读选择1A research by the National Center for Health Statistics is seen as an important confirmation of the “Hispanic mortality paradox (西班牙裔死亡率悖论).”On average, Hispanics outlive whites by 2.5 years and blacks by 7.7 years. Their life expectancy at birth in 2006 was 80.6 years, compared with 78.1 for whites, 72.9 for blacks and 77.7 years for the total population.The report shows that the Hispanic population has higher life expectancy at birth and at almost every age despite a socioeconomic status lower than that of whites. “Mortality is very correlated with income, education and health care access,” says Elizabeth Arias, author of the report. “You would expect the Hispanic popul ation would have higher mortality, in line with the black population.”The Hispanic paradox has been documented for more than two decades, but this is the first time the government has had enough data to issue national numbers. Researchers are struggling to explain why Hispanics live longer.“We don’t know,” says David Hayes-Bautista, director of the Center for the Study of Latino Health and Culture at UCLA’s David Geffen School of Medicine. “We thought it was a problem in the data, but we can pretty much say this is real.”Potential factors:·Culture and lifestyle. Support from extended family and lower rates of smoking and drinking. Latino groups in particular have very strong family and social ties.·Migration. The “healthy migrant effect” argues that healthy people are more likely to emigrate. Andwhen immigrants become ill, they might return home and die there.“Solving the puzzle may help the nation deal with health care issues because Hispanics use health services less—they make fewer doctors visit s and spend less time in hospitals,” Hayes Bautista says. “It’s clearly something in the Latino culture,” he says.1.In 2006, Hispanics’ life expectancy is years longer than the average of the total population.A.2. 5B.7. 7C.2. 9D.80. 62.What does th e underlined word “outlive” in the second paragraph probably mean?A.To live longer than.B.To live shorter than.C.To die out.D.To expect to live.3.What is the main idea of paragraph three?A.Hispanics were born better than whites.B.Morality is closely related with health care access.C.Whites should have longer life expectancy.D.Even experts can’t explain the phenomenon.2People have always been defined by their generation. We had the baby boomers of the 1960s, followed by Generation X and then Generation Y, often referred to as millennials, and the new kids on the block are Generation Z - aged between 16 and 22. It's easy to classify these young people as all being the same, sharing the same attitudes towards life—but is that fair?People from Generation Z, informally called "Z-ers", may be viewed by others as digital natives, incapable of real-world friendships. But they actually view themselves as hardworking, ambitious andabout to change the world for the better. The previous generation, born between the mid-1980s and late 1990s - the millennials were also thought to have these characteristics. But many people view this new generation as “mini-millennials" because Z-ers are different and they have their own set of values and preferences which consumer brands need to cater for.It's true to say that technology is playing an important part in the lives of Generation Z, particularly in the area of social media. In fact, they have not known life without it and using it to communicate, share ideas and campaign is second nature. It means they have more of a say on what we eat, drink and buy than any generation before them. These young people certainly need to be listened to by retailers （零售商）and businesses - they are the people with time on their hands and money.But being a Z-er comes with pressure. One young person says "Many people in Generation Z have mental health issues because they're unsure what the future will bring." The future always brings uncertainties but maybe there is pressure for this generation to be the most successful ever.4.When was a Z-er likely to be born?A.In 1964.B.In 1975.C.In 1987.D.In 1999.5.What do Z-ers see themselves as?A.Diligent and ambitious.B.Hardworking and incapable.C.Promising and different.D.Stressed and successful.6.What're Paragraphs 2&3 trying to argue?A.Z-ers have known life without social media.B.Z-ers pay too much attention to digital devices.C.Z-ers and the millennials have the same personality.D.Z-ers become a key driving force in the consumer market.7.What docs the author think is the real cause of the Z-ers' pressure?A.Their ambition to be the best.B.Their uncertainty of the future.C.Their addiction to digital devices.D.Their lack of real-world friendship.3Agriculture plays an essential role in the rise of the human civilization. Even though agriculture is contributing to employment of a significant part of the population in majority nations, over the years, the percentage of workers has witnessed a steep decline. According to world-wide estimations, not even five percentage of the population in rich nations is employed in the agricultural sector.Agriculture is still the backbone of the economy in several nations of Africa. According to data released by the World Bank in 2017, the top ten countries where agriculture plays a vital role in employment are in Africa. Burundi, the landlocked nation on the eastern side of the continent, has 91% of its population dependent on it. However, only 15% of the total agricultural production goes to the market. Sweet potatoes, beans, bananas and corn, are some major crops produced on the land.The second largest employment in agriculture was also registered in an African country；Chad with 87% population working on the field. Other nations which follow on the list are：Somalia, Central African Republic, Malawi, Eritrea, Guinea-Bissau, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Niger, Mauritania, Madagascar and Mozambique. Amid the developing countries of BRICS, it is India where more people are employed by agriculture. The agriculture in India can be traced back to the era of Indus Valley Civilization. By 2017, 43 % of the Indian population is dependent on the agriculture sector for employment.Meanwhile, many developed countries witness less than 15 percent of their population engaged in the agriculture sector. These nations include Greece, Malaysia, Russia, New Zealand, the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, Canada, Australia, France, Italy, Japan, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, and many others. At the bottom of the list stand United Arab Emirates , Singapore and Hong Kong, with 0 % of its people employed in agriculture.8.What does the writer want to highlight in the first paragraph?A.Agriculture is the foundation of civilization.B.Agriculture is the main sector of employment.C.Agriculture is the backbone of the economy.D.The agricultural population is in sharp decline.9.Most part of the agricultural produce in Burundi ________.A.is for family useB.goes to the marketC.is used for exportD.goes to the government10.Where does Central African Republic rank in employment in agriculture in the world?A.Second.B.Third.C.Fourth.D.Fifth.11.We can infer from the text that the larger population in agriculture ________.A.the more developed the countryB.the less developed the economyC.the more advanced the civilizationD.the longer the history of a country4In an early survey conducted in 1888, a billion and a half people inhabited the earth. Now, the population exceeds seven billion. This means that the world must accommodate a new population roughly equal to that of the United States and Canada every three years. Even though the rate of growth has begun to slow down, most experts believe the population size will still pass eight billion soon.If we examine the amount of land available for this ever-increasing population, we begin to see the problem. Everyone on the planet had an equal share of land, we would each have about 50,000 square metres. This figure seems to be quite encouraging until we examine the type of land we would have. Not all land is useful to humans as it cannot produce food. We can cut out about one fifth of it because it is permanently covered by snow and ice. Then we can cut out another one fifth because it is desert. Anotherfifth is too mountainous or is too great a height above sea-level. A tenth doesn’t have enough soil for crops to grow - it is bare rock. Now the position begins to look rather mom bleak (荒凉)!Obviously, with so little land to support us, we should be taking great care not to reduce it further. But are we? We are consuming its “ capital” , which means its nonrenewable fossil fuels and other mineral deposits that took millions of years to form but which are now being destroyed in decades. We are also doing the same with other vital resources not usually thought of as being nonrenewable such as fertile soils, groundwater and the millions of other species that share earth with us.The birth of a baby in, for example, Hong Kong, imposes more than a hundred times the amount of stress on the world's resources as a baby in India. Most people in India do not grow up to own cars or air-conditioners. Nor do they eat the huge amount of meat and fish that the Hong Kong child does. Their life-styles do not require vast quantities of minerals and energy. Also, they are aware of the requirements of the land around them and try to put something back into nature to replace what they take out.12.Why does the author mention the example of America and Canada?A.To emphasize that world population has to be reduced.B.To give a brief history of the population growth.C.To stress how quickly the world population is rising.D.To point out what a large population they have.13.According to the author, how much per person of the earths surface can be used to produce food?A.15,000 square metres.B.25,000 square metres.C.30,000 square metres.D.40,000 square metres.14.Which of the following belongs to vital resources?A.Fossil fuels.B.Mineral deposits.C.Chemical fertilizer.D.Groundwater.15.When can learn from the passage that _____.A.different lifestyles require similar quantities of resourcesB.a Hong Kong baby consumes more resources than an Indian babyC.tropical forest are being better used for pasturelandD.nature is powerful enough to destroy an aggressive manII.七选五根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
