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太极英语120个常用词根Title: Mastering the Fundamentals: 120 Common English Roots for Enhanced Vocabulary.Embarking on a journey to expand your English vocabulary can be both exciting and challenging. One effective way to enhance your language skills is by understanding and mastering the building blocks of words: the roots. Roots are the fundamental elements of vocabulary that carry specific meanings and can be combined with prefixes, suffixes, and other roots to create new words. In this article, we delve into 120 of the most common English roots to help you solidify your language foundation.1. Abio-: Life, living.2. Aero-: Air, atmosphere.3. Agro-: Field, agriculture.4. Alter-: Change, other.5. Audio-: Hear, sound.6. Auto-: Self, automatic.7. Bio-: Life, biology.8. Chrono-: Time, chronological.9. Crypto-: Hidden, secret.10. Demo-: People, democratic.These roots provide a solid foundation for building a rich vocabulary. As you encounter new words, recognizing these roots will help you understand and remember their meanings.11. Eco-: Environment, ecology.12. Geo-: Earth, geography.13. Grapho-: Write, graphic.14. Hydro-: Water, hydrology.15. Kilo-: Thousand.16. Logo-: Word, language.17. Macro-: Large, macroscopic.18. Micro-: Small, microscopic.19. Mono-: One, monotony.20. Photo-: Light, photography.By understanding these roots, you can expand your vocabulary to include more complex words with ease.21. Poly-: Many, polymorphism.22. Psycho-: Mind, psychology.23. Retro-: Backward, retroactive.24. Sexo-: Gender, sexual.25. Tele-: Distance, telecommunication.26. Theo-: God, theology.27. Trans-: Across, transport.28. Uni-: One, uniform.29. Video-: See, vision.30. Zoo-: Animal, zoology.With each new root, your vocabulary will become more diverse and nuanced.31. Acto-: To do, action.32. Agro-: Field, agriculture.33. Amo-: Love, amorous.34. Audito-: To hear, audit.35. Bene-: Good, benefit.36. Cedo-: To go, cede.37. Chrono-: Time, chronological.38. Credo-: To believe, credit.39. Dicto-: To say, dictate.40. Docto-: To teach, doctrine.These roots offer insights into the rich history and diversity of the English language.41. Eco-: Environment, ecology.42. Ego-: I, ego.43. Emo-: Emotion, emotional.44. Ethico-: Moral, ethics.45. Euro-: Europe, European.46. Grapho-: To write, graphic.47. Hydro-: Water, hydrology.48. Ideo-: Idea, ideal.49. Jure-: Law, justice.50. Kilo-: Thousand.Each root unlocks a new dimension of understanding and expression in English.51. Logico-: Logical, logic.52. Ludo-: To play, game.53. Macro-: Large, macroscopic.54. Malo-: Bad, malfunction.55. Memo-: Memory, remember.56. Metero-: To measure, metric.57. Micro-: Small, microscopic.58. Mono-: One, monotone.59. Moto-: Motion, mobile.60. Necro-: Death, necrotic.Recognizing these roots will help you decode themeaning of unfamiliar words and expand your vocabulary.61. Omo-: Same, homogeneous.62. Opto-: To see, optical.63. Patho-: Disease, pathology.64. Philo-: Love, philosophy.65. Photo-: Light, photography.66. Phreno-: Mind, phrenology.67. Politeo-: Polite, civilized.68. Poly-: Many, polymorphism.69. Proto-: First, prototype.70. Psycho-: Mind, psychology.With practice, you'll find yourself more confident in your ability to understand and use new vocabulary.71. Retro-: Backward, retroactive.72. Rhodo-: Rose, rhododendron.73. Rudo-: Rude, rough.74. Seko-: To follow, sequel.75. Sexo-: Gender, sexual.76. Silico-: Silicon, silicate.77. Socio-: Society, social.78. Tele-: Distance, telecommunications.79. Theo-: God, theology.80. Trans-: Across, transport.The journey of vocabulary expansion is an ongoing process, and these roots are essential stepping stones.81. Unio-: Union, unite.82. Urbo-: City, urban.83. Vado-: To go, vanish.84. Video-: To see, vision.85. Vivo-: Alive, vital.86. Xeno-: Foreign, xenophobia.87. Zeno-: To strive, zealous.88. Zoico-: Animal, zoological.89. Zymo-: Ferment, zymosis.90. Zygo-: Yoke, zygote.With each new root, you are adding a new layer of understanding and expressiveness to your language skills.91. A-: Not, absence.92. Ab-, Abs-: Away, apart.93. Ad-, Ac-, Af-, Ag-, An-, Ap-, Ar-, As-, At-: To, towards.94. Be-: To be, become.95. Ca-, Cas-, Ced-, Ceed-, Ces-, Cet-: To fall, to go.96. Cap-, Cep-, Cip-, Cup-: To take, hold.97. Cir-, Cycl-: Ring, circle.98. Dict-, Doc-, Docu-: To teach, say.99. Du-, Dubi-, Dubit-: To doubt.100. E-, Ex-: Out, from.These prefixes modify the meaning of the root they are attached to, often adding nuances or specifying directions.101. Geo-: Earth, geography.102. Graph-: Write, draw.103. Gram-: Letter, word.104. Hydro-: Water, liquid.105. Log-: Word, reason.106. Meter-: Measure, meter.107. Patho-: Disease, illness.108. Photo-: Light, image.109. Phono-: Sound, voice.110. Tele-: Distance, remote.Suffixes, on the other hand, often indicate the part of speech or additional information about the word.111. -able: Capable of, adjective.112. -age: Act or state, noun.113. -al: Of or pertaining to, adjective.114. -an: Person or thing, noun.115. -ate: To make or do, verb.116. -ic: Of or pertaining to, adjective.117. -ion: Act or state, noun.118. -ity: Quality or state, noun.119. -less: Without, adjective.120. -ness: Quality or state, noun.By combining roots, prefixes, and suffixes, you can create and understand a vast array of words, enriching your vocabulary and communication skills.Remember, vocabulary building is a lifelong process. With regular practice and exposure to new words, you'llfind yourself becoming more confident and fluent in English. Keep exploring, keep learning, and enjoy the journey of mastering the language!。
汽车零部件英文（Auto parts English）GBPeople's Republic of China national standardGB/T 3367.12000Terminology of railway locomotiveDiesel engine parts and components termsGlossary, of, terms, for, railway, locomotiveNames, of, component, parts, for, diesel, engine2000 - 10 - 25 release 2001 - 08 - 01 implementationPromulgated by the State Bureau of quality and technical supervisionPrefaceIn this standard, and for ISO 7967 "parts of reciprocating internal combustion engine and system of Wu" the same components and systems, the terms and definitions of its equivalent.This standard is a part of the standard of railway locomotive terminology. The series standards include:GB/T 3367.1 - 2000 railway locomotives terminology of dieselengine parts and componentsGB/T 3367.2 - 2000 railway locomotives terminology of hydraulic transmission system parts and componentsGB/T 3367.3 - 2000 railway locomotives terms for diesel locomotive auxiliary parts and componentsGB/T 3367.4 - 2000 railway locomotives terms for diesel locomotive carbody and bogie partsGB/T 3367.5 - 2000 railway locomotives terminology of air brake parts and componentsGB/T 3367.6 - 2000 railway locomotives term for diesel locomotiveGB/T 3367.7 - 2000 railway locomotives terminology of diesel enginesGB/T 3367.8 - 2000 railway locomotives terminologyGB/T 3367.9 - 1984 railway locomotives terms for traction electrical equipmentGB/T - 3367.10 - 1984 Railway Locomotives - Nomenclature of traction electrical equipmentThis standard is revised for the first time. This standard shall be replaced by GB/T 3367.1 - 1982 as of the date of entry into force.This standard is put forward by People's Republic of China Ministry of railways.This standard is centralized by the Dalian Diesel Locomotive Research Institute of Ministry of railways.This standard is drafted by Ji'nan railway machinery school, Dalian Railway Institute and Dalian Diesel Locomotive Research Institute of Ministry of railways.This standard is revised by the Dalian Diesel Locomotive Research Institute of the Ministry of railways.This standard is mainly revised: single loyalty.OneTerminology of railway locomotiveDiesel engine parts and components termsGlossary, of, terms, for, railway, locomotiveNames, of, component, parts, for, diesel, engine1. rangeThe standard specifies the main parts and phrases of diesel engines for diesel locomotives.This standard applies to diesel engine for diesel locomotive.2. fixing piece structure2.1. airframe engine blockCrankcase and cylinder or cylinder water jacket forming body parts.2.2. cylinder block cylinder blockTwo or more cylinders that are cast (or welded) into a whole or bolted together to form an integral part.2.3. crankcase crankcasePartially enclosed in the crankshaft swing space, there are main bearings and flat surface mounting box parts with cylinder, cylinder, water jacket or cylinder block.2.4. stands bed, plate, frameThe part surrounds the crankcase and is provided with a main bearing seat and a mounting surface.2.5. diesel engine support engine supportThe diesel engine is installed on the supporting part of the locomotive.2.6. oil pan oilpan, oilsumpAround the crankcase, housing oil, disk shaped parts.2.7.曲轴箱检查孔盖曲轴箱门曲轴箱上检查孔的可拆卸盖板。
AUTOMOBILE EDUCATION | 汽车教育信息化视域下高职院校汽车专业英语教学模式改革探索马屈杨 吴云溪 胡红坡广东科学技术职业学院 广东省珠海市 519090摘 要： 在信息化视角下，从培养复合型高技能人才出发，结合社会发展需求，分析《汽车专业英语》课程教学目标和教学现状，从教学资源、教学平台、课程内容、教学手段、教学评价维度等多方面进行改革探索，利用数字化、信息化资源优势，实现德智协同育人，创设符合产教融合和应用型人才培养需求的《汽车专业英语》课程教学新模式。
关键词：汽车专业英语 数字化平台 教学模式改革 德智协同育人1 引言互联网时代的到来为高职院校的课程建设提供了更加广阔开放的平台，从信息化到数字化，教学平台的不断更迭优化实现了更多领域的资源共享。
作为一门英语类课程，汽车专业英语也势必将成为多媒体时代的受益者，帮助学生更加灵活自如地进行技术交流和实践应用。
高职院校的学生由于生源不同，英语基础差别较大，对汽车专业英语的认识和重视程度亦相差甚远。
为了充分激发学生的主观能动性和学习兴趣，使学生充分认识到课程的实际应用价值，需要充分利用时代优势对课程的教学模式进行改革优化，以激发学生学习兴趣为基础，以德智协同培育为导向，以追求课程实用价值最大化为目标，优化线上线下混合式柔性教学模式，激发不同生源学生强烈的自主探索意识，促使各类型学生借助丰富的教学资源和灵活的教学形式实现各取所需，各学所用，各赋其能。
2 汽车专业英语授课目标及现存问题结合专业特色和职场实际需求，汽车专业英语要求学生掌握基本的专业核心词汇、语法和基本句式的使用方法；能够运用汽车专业英语在职场中开展必要的技术交流；能够快速查阅外文文献和产品说明书，了解世界各国汽车制造、维修等各方面技术的发展水平。
此外，汽车专业英语涉及汽车主要零部件的结构、功能、原理介绍，以及新能源汽车相关基础知识，不仅要求学生掌握相关信息的听说读写，教师也应充分利用各类平台资源和教学手段帮助学生对相关专业知识进行巩固和拓展。
英语词汇构词法I，合成法（Compound）由两个或两个以上的单词合成的新单词，占英语词汇总量的20%以上，这些新生词的含义可以很据它所包含的单词的含义推断出来。
例如：classmate同班同学schoolmate校友roommate室友workmate同事再如：homework家庭作业homemade家制的homecoming回家，想家hometown家乡homesick想家的，思乡的1.合成名词：（1）n.+n. sportsman,bathroom,spaceship,workshop（2）n.+-ing water-skiing,sightseeing,sunbathing（3）adj.+n. blackboard,midnight,barefoot,highway（4）v.+ing+n. living-room,swimming-pool,starting-point（5）adv.+v. out+put,income,down-fall,outbreak（6）v.+adv. get-together,break-through,tryout（7）v.+n. postcard,pickpocket,salesman（8）n.+v. daybreak,sunrise,earthrise,waterfall（9）n.+v.+er story-teller,peace-lover,trouble-maker（10）prep./adv.+n. underground,afternoon,upside（11）other formations: fisherman,breakfast,editor-in-chief2.合成形容词：（1）adj+n.-ed blue-eyed,middle-aged,four-legged（2）n.+V.-ed heart-broken,man-made,state-owned（3）n.+adj. ice-cold,self-confident,world-famous（4）adj.+n. open-air,half-way,full-time,second-hand（5）n.+v-ing English-speking,hardworking,peace-loving（6）adj./adv.+v-ed well-educated,newly-published,wide-spread（7）other formations: take-away,face-to-face,arm-in-arm,upset 3.合成动词：（1）n.+v. moonwalk,self-design,typewrite（2）adj.+v. dumbfound,whitewash,ill-treat（3）adv./prep. + v. overcome,underline,overtake4.合成副词: however, maybe, indoors5.合成代词: himself,everyone,somethingII，转化法（Conversion）单词的词类发生转化，而词形不变。
常见英语词缀表一、常用前缀（Prefix 22+4）1、anti- ①反对；相反：anti war adj. 反战的；anti dumping adj. 反倾销（政策）的②防止：anti rustadj. 防锈的；anti pollution n.防止污染③对抗：anti body n. 抗体2、auto- 自己；自动：auto biography n.自传；auto matic adj. 自动的3、co- 共同：co action n.共同行动；co operate vi.合作，配合。
▲ de- ①否定；非；相反：de nationalize vt. 非国有化②除去；取消：de salt vt. 除去盐分③向下；降低；减少：de press vt. 压低，压下④做成……或加强意义：de sign vt. 计划，设计4、dis- ①不；无；相反：dis like vt. 不喜欢②取消；除去：dis colour vt. Vi.使退色③分开；离散：dis part vt.分离④【有时作di解】：di vorce vt. 离婚▲ em- ①置于……之内；之上：em bus装入车中②用……来修饰：em bank筑堤防护③使之如……；使成某种状态：em brown 使成褐色5、en- ①置于……之内；上；用在动词之前表示in或加强意义：en close围住，圈起②使上……：en train 上火车③用……来修饰：en cloud阴云遮蔽④使之如……,使成某种状态：en large 使扩大，放大6、in- ①不；无；非：in formal 非正式的②内；入：in side 内部，里面③使成……；使作……：in spirit使振作精神7、il- ①不；无；非：il logical 不合逻辑的②加强或引申意义：il lustrate 说明，表明8、im- ①【用在b,m,p之前】不，无，非：im possible不可能的②向内；入：im port 输入；入口③使成……；使作……：im pulse冲动9、ir- ①【用在r之前】不；无：ir regular不规则的；ir relevant不相干的，离题；ir responsible不负责任的②向内；入：ir rigate 灌溉；ir ritate 使烦恼，激怒10、Inter- ①在……之间；……际：inter national国际的②互相：inter view会见11、mis- 误；错；恶；不：mis understand 误解；mis lead 使误解；mis forture厄运，不幸12、multi- 多：multi party 多党的；multi ply增加，繁殖；multi national多民族的；multi media多媒体；multi cultural 多种文化的13、non- ①不：non smoker 不抽烟的人②非：non natural 非天然的③无：non party 无党派的14、out- ①胜过；超过：out do 胜过，战胜②过度；太甚：out sit 坐的太久③外；出：out door户外的④除去：out gas 除去气体15、over- ①过度；太甚：over study 用功过度②在上；在外；从上；越过：over coat 外套，外衣③颠倒；反转：over turn 倾倒，倾覆▲ per- ①贯穿，通，透；全，遍；自始至终：per fect 完全的，全然的②【加强语气】：per suade 劝说③【用于化学名词】过；高：per oxide 过氧化物16、post- 后：post war战后的；post graduate 研究生，大学毕业后的17、pre- ①前：pre war 战前的②预先：pre examination 预试，预赛18、re- ①回；向后：re turn 回来，返回；re gress 倒退，退步②再；重新；重复：re build 重建，再建③相反；反对：re action 反动，反应19、sub- ①下：sub way 地下铁道②次；亚；准：sub tropics 亚热带③稍；略；微：sub acid略酸的④副；分支；下级：sub head 副标题⑤接近：sub teen 接近13岁的小孩⑥更近一层；再：sub divide 再分，细分⑦【用于化学名词】：sub oxide 低氧化物20、super- ①超；超级：super speed 超高速的；super market 超级市场②上：super structure 上层建筑③过度，过多super heat 过热21、tele- ①远：tele scope 望远镜②电视：tele text 利用电脑提供的电视信息服务22、un- ①不：un happy 不快乐的②无：un manned 无人驾驶的③非：un just非正义的④未：un finished未完成的⑤相反动作；取消；除去：un lock 开锁；un cap 脱帽；un cover 揭开盖子⑥由……中弄出un house 把……赶出屋外▲ under- ①下：under ground 地下的②【用于衣服】内：under wear 内衣（总称）③不足，少：under dress 穿衣太少④副，次：under-king 副王，小王二、常用后缀（Suffix 50）●名词后缀（25）23、-ability表示“可……性”；“易……性”；“可……”: read ability可读性24、-ibility【由-ib（le）+ ility而构成抽象名词】表示“可……性”；“易……性”；“可……”: recept ibility可接受性25、-al表示“行为”；“状况”；“事物”；“……人”:arriv al 到达；到达者；hospit al医院26、-an I【构成名词】表示“……的人”：artis an 手艺人；Europe an 欧洲人II【构成形容词】表示“属于……的”；“属于某地方的”：republic an 共和国的27、-ian ①表示“属于某国的、某地的、某人的或某宗教的”，兼表示“……人或语言”：Arab ian阿拉伯的（人）；Christ ian基督教的（信徒）②表示“某种职业、地位或特征的人”：histor ian 历史学家28、-arian I【构成名词】表示“……人”：fruit arian 主要靠吃水果过日子的人II【带此后缀的名词有的可兼做形容词】表示“……的”；“……主义的”：humanitarian 人道主义者，人道主义的29、-ee ①表示“主动者”：meet ee参加会议者；return ee归来者②表示“被动者”：test ee被测试者③表示“与……有关的人（物）：town ee城里人，市民；goat ee 山羊胡子30、-er I【构成名词】①表示“行为的主动者”；“做某事的人”：work er工人②表示“与某事有关的人”：weekend er度周末假者③表示“属于某国、某地区的人”：villag er村民④表示“与某事有关之物或能做某事之物”；也表示“能做某事的动物”：wash er洗衣机⑤【加在方位词后】表示“……风”：north er强北风，west er强西风（暴），south er强南风（暴），East er则表示“复活节”II【构成动词和象声动词】表示“反复动作、连续动作及拟声动作：whisp er低声、耳语III【附在一些形容词和副词之后构成比较级】表示“更……”tall er更高31、-or①表示“人”：actor 行动者，男演员②表示“物”：conductor 导体▲ -o ①表示“音乐术语或乐器名称”：sol o独唱，独奏（曲）,pian o钢琴②表示“人”：Negr o黑人，politic o政客③表示“物”：studi o 工作室④表示抽象名词及其他：Mott o格言，座右铭；rati o比率，比32、-ar I【构成名词】表示“ ……人”；“……物”: begg ar乞丐,li ar说谎的人, schol ar学者II【构成形容词】表示“有……性质的”；“属于……的”、“如……的”：line ar线的，线性的；famili ar 熟知的33、-hood【构成抽象名词】表示“时期”；“情况”；“状态”；“性质”；“身份”；“资格”等：child hood童年，mother hood母性，母亲身份34、-ion ①表示“行为”；“行为的过程或结果”；“情况”；“状态”：act ion活动，作用，行为②表示“物”：cush ion坐垫，靠垫▲ -tion 【与-ion同】【构成抽象名词】表示“行为”；“行为而过程或结果”；“状态”；“情况”：atten tion 注意；introdu tion介绍，引进35、-ition ①表示“行为”；“行为的过程或结果”；“由行为而产生的事物”：compet ition比赛、竞争②表示“情况”；“状态”：aud ition听觉，听力36、-ation ①表示“行为”；“情况”；“状态”：invit ation邀请②表示“行为的过程”；“结果”；“由行为而产生的事物”：inform ation通知，消息37、-ism ①表示“……主义”：real ism 现实主义②表示“宗教”：Buddh ism佛教③表示“语言”；“语风”：American ism美国用语，London ism伦敦语调④表示“风格”；“特征”：Asiatic ism亚洲风格⑤表示“行为”；“现象”：tour ism旅游，观光⑥表示“……学，……术，……论，……法”：knownothing ism不可知论⑦（学术、文艺方面）表示“……派”modern ism现代派⑧表示“某种特性”：human ism人性⑨表示“制度”social ism社会主义，commun ism共产主义38、-ist I【构成名词】①表示“ 某种主义者或某种信仰者”:commun ist共产主义者②表示“从事某种职业的人”；“从事某种研究的人”；“与某事物有关的人”：art ist艺术家II【构成形容词】表示“……主义的”commun ist共产主义的39、-ity 【与-ty同】【构成抽象名词】表示“性质”；“情况”；“状态”等：real ity现实，真实40、-ty 【构成抽象名词】①表示“性质”；“情况”；“状态”：safe ty安全②表示“……十”：six六→six ty六十41、-ment ①表示“行为”；“行为的过程或结果”：move ment运动，移动②表示“物”：equip ment装备，设备③表示“组织”，“机构”：govern ment政府42、-ness 【加在形容词之后构成抽象名词】表示“性质”；“情况”；“状态”：good ness善行，优良43、-ology 表示“……学，……研究，……论，……法”：bi ology生物学，ge ology地质学44、-ship ①表示“性质”；“情况”；“状态”；“关系”：friend ship友谊②表示“身份”；“职位”；“资格”；“权限”：member ship成员资格③表示“技艺”；“技能”；“……法”；“……术”：horseman ship 骑马术45、-sion 【与-ion同，它所构成的名词大多由以-d,-de,-t为结尾的动词派生而来】表示“行为”；“行为的过程或结果”；“情况”；“性质”：expend→expen sion扩张，扩展；decide→deci sion决定；convert→conver sion转变，变换46、-ssion 【与-sion同，它所构成的名词大多由以-s,-ss为结尾的动词派生而来】表示“性质”；“情况”；“状态”；“关系”：posse ssion拥有，持有，具有；impre ssion印象47、-ure 【构成抽象名词】表示“行为”；“行为的结果”；“状态”；“情况”：fail ure失败▲ -ature 或-ture表示“行为”；“行为的结果及与行为有关之物“：mixture 混合，混合物；signature 签名●动词后缀（4）48、-en I【构成动词】表示“做”；“使”；“成为……”；“使变成”：dark en使黑，变黑II【构成名词】①表示“人”：citiz en公民②表示“小称”：chick en小鸡III【构成形容词】表示“由……制成的”；“含有……质的”：gold en金质的，似金的49、-ify 【与-fy同】表示“……化”；“使成为……”；“变成……”；“做……”:beaut ify美化50、-ize【与-ization相对应】表示“……化”；“照……样子做”；“按……方式处理”；“变成……状态”；“使成为……”：modern ize （使）现代化；organ ize组织51、-ise I【与-ize同，许多词具有-ise与-ize两种后缀形式】【构成动词】memer ise (=memer ize)II【构成名词】表示“性质”；“状态”：exerc ise练习●形容词后缀（17）52、-able 【附在动词、名词后构成形容词】表示“可……的”；“能……的”：know able可知的；us able能用的53、-ible 表示““可……的”；“能……的”；“易……的”；“具有某种性质的”：sens ible可感觉的54、-al 表示“属于……的”；“具有……性质的”；“如……的”：nation al国家的55、-ant I【构成形容词】【大部分与-ance或-ancy相对应】表示“属于……的”；“具有……性质的”：expect ant期待的；assist ant辅助的II【构成名词】表示“……人”；“……物”：examin ant主考人；serv ant仆人；depend ant 依附物56、-ent I【构成形容词】【与名词后缀-ence或-ency相对应】表示“具有……性质的”、“关于……的”：differ ent不同的；urg ent紧急的；innoc ent无罪的，天真的II【构成名词】①表示“……人”：stud ent学生②表示“……剂”；“……药”：deterg ent洗涤剂，清洁剂；corrig ent矫正药57、-ful I【加在名词后面】表示“充满时的量”：hand ful 一把，一把的量II【构成形容词】表示“富有……的”；“充满……的”；“具有……性质的”；“易于……的”；“可……的”：hope ful富有希望的58、-ic I【构成形容词】表示“……的”：histor ic有历史意义的II【构成名词】①表示“人”：mechan ic技工，机械师②表示“……学”；“……术”及其他抽象名词：log ic逻辑，伦理学；mus ic音乐；top ic题目59、-ical 表示“……的”：typ ical典型的60、-ish I【构成形容词】①表示“如……的”；“似……的”；“有……性质的”：fool ish愚蠢的，笨的②【加在形容词之后】表示（含有某种程度的）“略……的”；“稍……的”：old ish略老的，稍旧的③表示“某国的或某民族的”；兼表示“某国的语言”Engl ish英国的，英语II【构成动词】表示“做……”；“致使……”；“造成……”；“成为……”publ ish公布；fin ish结束61、-ive I【构成形容词】表示“有……性质的”；“有……作用的”；“有……倾向的”；“属于……的”：act ive有活力的，积极的II【构成名词】①表示“人”：nat ive本地人，土人②表示“物”：direct ive指令62、-less 【构成形容词，有时构成副词】表示“无……的”；“不……的”：home less无家可归的63、-like表示“如……的”；“有……性质的”：man like有男子气概的；war like好战的，军事的64、-ly I【构成形容词】①【加在名词后】表示“如……的”；“有……特征的”；“属于……的”：friend ly有好的②【加在时间名词之后；有的还可兼作名词】表示“每……的”；“每……时间一次的”：week ly 每周的，周报65、-ous 表示“有……性质的”；“属于……的”“有……的”；“如……的”；“多……的”：curi ous好奇的；fam ous著名的66、-ious表示“有……性质的”；“充满……的”：fur ious狂怒的，暴怒的；anx ious焦急的67、-some表示“充满……的”；“易于……的”；“产生……的”；“有……倾向的”；“具有……的”；“令……的”：dark some阴暗的；quarrel some好争吵的；trouble some令人麻烦的68、-ward 表示“向……的”：sun ward向阳的，north ward向北的69、-y I【构成形容词】①【大多加在单音节名词之后】表示“多……的”；“有……的”；“如……的”；“属于……的”：wind y有风的【注：在以y或o为结尾的词之后，拼作-ey】sky ey天空的，天蓝的II【构成名词】①【构成抽象名词】表示“性质”；“状态”；“情况”；“行为”：difficult y困难②表示“人或物”：left y用左手的人，左撇子；sweet y糖果，密钱③【在一部分词中与ie通用】表示“小称或爱称”：dadd y爸爸，爹爹●副词后缀（3）70、-ly ①【加在时间名词之后】表示“每……地”；“每……时间一次地”：week ly 每周地②【加在其他名词之后】：name ly也就是，即③【加在形容词之后】表示“……地”：new ly最新，最近71、-ward 表示“向……的”；“向……”；“朝……”：sun ward向阳的，向阳；north ward向北的，朝北72、-wards表示“向……”；“朝……”：sun wards向阳，朝阳；north wards向北，朝北。
Automobile 汽车;机动车Vehicle 车辆;运载工具Car 汽车;小汽车;车辆Motor 机动车,尤指汽车Auto [口语] 汽车Sedan [美] = saloon 轿车Coupe (单排座)双人小汽车Hatchback 有仓门式后背的汽车Wagon 四轮马车, 货车Van 大篷车,运货车Pick-up = Utility 皮卡Roadster 跑车Convertible 敞篷车Racing car 赛车Trailer 拖车Truck 卡车Jeep 吉普车Bus 公共汽车Coach 长途客车Taxi 出租车Tractor=prime mover [美] 牵引车Cross country vehicle 越野车SUV = Sports Utility Vehicle运动型多用途车MPV=Multi Purpose Vehicle 多用途车RV = Recreation Vehicle 休闲车Crankshaft and Connectingrods system 曲柄连杆机构n Valve system 配气机构n Fuel system 供给系n Ignition system 点火系n Starting system 起动系n Cooling system 冷却系n Lubrication system 润滑系TDC(Top Dead Center):the position of the crank and piston when the piston is farthest away from the crankshaft.BDC(Bottom Dead Center):the position of the crank and piston when the piston is nearest away from the crankshaftSwept vol.(有效/工作容积):the volume between TDCand BDC.Clearance vol.(余隙/燃烧室容积): the volume of space above the piston when it is at TDC.Engine capacity(排量):this is the swept volumeof all pression ration(压缩比):(swept vol. + clearance vol.) /(clearance vol.)1. Intake/Induction stroke进气行程2. Compression stroke压缩行程3. Power stroke作功行程4. Exhaust stroke排气行程Combustion chamber:Hemi 半球形Wedge 楔形 Basin 盆形Piston ring活塞环Piston (crown\skirt)活塞(头部\裙部)Piston pin 活塞销Connecting rod连杆Big-end 连杆大头Small-end 连杆小头Cap 连杆盖Shell bearing轴瓦Main bearing journals 主轴颈Connecting rod journal 连杆轴径气缸盖罩 head cover气缸盖 cylinder head衬垫 gasket水套 water jacket油道 oil gallery气缸 cylinder气缸套 cylinder sleeve气缸体 engine block曲轴箱 crankcase油底壳 oil panOHC ( Overhead Camshaft)Fuel trank油箱fuel filter汽油滤清器fuel pump 汽油泵carburetor(mix) 化油器air filter 空气滤清器λ Excess-air factor 过量空气系数λ= air mass supplied/theor etical requirement λ <1 Rich mixture 浓混合气λ >1 Lean mixture 稀混合气1) Cold star 冷启动2) Post-start phase 后启动阶段3) Warm-up 暖机4) Acceleration 加速5) Part load 部分负荷6) Full load 全负荷7) Idling 怠速8) Overrun 超速9) Engine-speed limiting 发动机限速10) High altitudes 高海拔Idle and Low-Speed Circuit (怠速与低速) Main Metering Circuit (主供油)Power-Enrichment Circuit (功率加浓) Accelerator (Pump) Circuit (加速)Choke Circuit(cold start)injector 喷油器governor 调速器fuel tank 燃油箱fuel-injector pump喷油泵feed pump 输油泵Plunger and barrel couple(柱塞和柱塞套) ( plunger and plunger barrel)Delivery valve couple(出油阀偶件)( delivery valve and delivery valve seat) Needle valve couple(针阀偶件)(needle valve and needle valve body)FF=Front Engine Front DriveFR=Front Engine Rear DriveRR=Rear Engine Rear DriveMR=Middle Engine Rear DrivenWD=Full Wheel DriveCoil Spring 螺旋弹簧Diaphragm Spring 膜片弹簧Coil Spring ClutchDiaphragm Spring Clutch•Driving member 主动部分•Driven member 从动部分•Operating member 操纵机构MT=Manual Transmission(手动变速器)AMT=Automated Mechanical Transmission (机械式自动变速器)AT=Automatic Transmission(自动变速器)CVT=Continuously Variable Transmission (无级变速器)Spur gear 直齿圆柱齿轮Helical gear 斜齿轮Double helical gear 人字齿轮Hypoid gear 准双曲面齿轮Bevel gear 锥齿轮Pinion gear 小齿轮Planetary gear 行星齿轮External gear 外啮合齿轮Internal gear 内啮合齿轮Sliding-mesh Transmission滑动啮合变速器Constant-mesh Transmission 常啮合变速器Synchro-mesh Transimission同步啮合变速器Cardan (Hooke’s) Universal Joint(十字轴式万向节)Double Cardan Universal Joint(双联式万向节)Tripod Universal Joint(三销轴式万向节)Weiss Universal Joint(球叉式万向节)Rzeppa Universal Joint(球笼式万向节)Flexible Universal Joint(挠性万向节)Thru-final Drive(贯通式主减速器)Two Speed Final Drive(双速主减速器)Wheel (Hub) Reductor(轮边减速器)Planetary Wheel Reductor(行星齿轮式轮边减速器)Spur Geared Wheel Reductor(外啮合圆柱齿轮式轮边减速器)1. The energy-supplying device 供能装置2. The control device 控制装置3. The transmission device 传动装置4. The brake 制动器Metering Valve 节压阀Proportioning Valve 比例阀Check Valve 单向阀Solenoid Valve 电磁阀Combination Valve 组合阀Delay Valve 延迟阀Modulator Valve 调节阀• Service braking system 行车制动系• Parking braking system 驻车制动系• Additional retarding braking system 缓速制动系Mechanical braking system 机械制动Hydraulic braking system 液压制动Pneumatic braking system 气压制动Electromagnetic braking system 电磁制动Combination braking systemDrum brake 鼓式制动器Disc brake 盘式制动器Simplex drum brake (Leading trailing shoe brake)领从蹄式制动器Duo-trailing shoe brake (Two trailing shoebrake)双从蹄式制动器Double leading shoe brake 单向双领蹄Duo-duplex drum brake(Dou two leading shoe brake)双向双领蹄式制动器Uni-servo drumbrake 单向自增力式制动器Duo-servo drum brake 双向自增力式制动器.。
新外研版高中英语必修一Unit2ExploringEnglish知识点总结Unit2. Exploring English重点知识点：SectionA.1、Pine n.松树2、pineapple n.菠萝3、five- year-old五岁的※“数词+名词+形容词”构成复合形容词，其中的名词用单数形式。
4、ham n.火腿5、eggplant n.茄子6、sculpt v.雕刻，雕塑7、sculpture n.雕像，雕刻品，雕塑品8、seasick adi.晕船的9、airsick adj.晕机的10、carsick adj.晕车的11、homesick adj.想家的12、speaking of谈到，说起(在句中作独立成分)13、opposing adj.(观点、意见等)相反的，相对立的14、behavior n. 举止,行为15、look out of从…向外望去16、confusing adi.令人困感的※confused adj.感到困惑的17、capitalized adj.大写的18、unique adj.独一无二的，独特的※(be) unique to对…来说是独一无二的19、burn up 烧毁，烧尽20、burn down烧毁21、alarm n.警报器;闹钟22、go off(警报器等)突然发出巨响23、reflect v显示，反映24、creativity n.创造性，创造力25、visible adj.看得见的，可见的26、wind up给(机械)上发条;使(活动、会议等)结束原文长难句分析：1、Have you ever asked yourself why people often have trouble learning English?--- why引导宾语从句，作ask的宾语※have trouble(in) doing sth.做某事有困难2、Neither is there pine nor apple in pineapple.---“Neither/Nor+助动词/连系动词be/情态动词+另一主语表示上述否定情况也适用于该主语。
英语单词前缀后缀最全总结Prefixes and Suffixes: XXXPrefixes:1.A-: added to a word or root to XXX。
absence。
or non-existence.2.A-: added to a word to indicate "in," "on," or "at."3.Ab-。
abs-: added to a root to XXX。
XXX。
or departure.4.Ab-。
ac-。
ad-。
af-。
ag-。
an-。
ap-。
ar-。
as-。
at-: added to XXX.5.Ad-: added to a word or root to indicate n。
n。
or n.6.Amphi-: added to a root to XXX.7.An-: added to a root to XXX absence.8.Ana-: added to a root to indicate error。
n。
or n.9.Ante-: added to a root to indicate before or in front of.10.Anti-: added to a root to XXX.11.Apo-: added to a root to XXX.12.Auto-: added to a root to XXX.Suffixes:13.-Be: added to a root to form a verb indicating XXX.14.-Be: added to a root to form some ns.15.-XXX: added to a root to XXX kindness.16.-Bi: added to a root to XXX.17.-By: added to a root to XXX.18.-XXX: added to a root to indicate down。
汽车发动机专业英语词汇cylinder block 汽缸体transmisson 变速器scrap 铁屑碎片cylinder liner汽缸套gearbox housing 变速器壳stipulate 规定保证cylinder head 汽缸盖shift lever 变速杆shot blasting 过载失真cylinder head cover气门室罩盖shift lever han变速杆ductile 易延展的cylinder head gasket 汽缸垫shift lever handle 变速杆手柄tensile strength 拉伸应力rear main bearing cover 后主轴承盖input shaft 输入轴elongation 伸长，延伸，延伸率main bearing cap主轴承盖planet pinion 行星齿轮metallurgical structure 金相组织oil pan 油底壳first driven gear 一档从动齿轮appearance quality 外观质量piston活塞reverse driving gear 倒档驱动齿轮crack 裂缝piston ring活塞环synchromesh 同步器slag 熔渣，矿渣，使变成熔渣piston pin活塞销accelerator pedal 油门踏板main shaft neck 主轴颈connecting rod 连杆clutch 离合器con-rod shaft neck 连杆轴颈connecting rod cap 连杆盖clutch plate 离合器片surface smoothness 平面度flywheel 飞轮clutch pedal 离合器踏板cement 水泥，胶结剂crankshaft 曲轴main cylinder 主缸short pouring 浇注不全needle valve 针阀main cylinder piston主缸活塞package 包装crankshaft sprocket 曲轴正时链轮coupling 偶合器burr 毛刺camshaft timing gear凸轮轴正时齿轮turbine涡轮flash 铸摸溢出槽（飞边）camshaft sprocket 凸轮轴链轮turbine bearing 涡轮轴承finish 末道漆磨光camshaft bearing bush 凸轮轴衬套drive shaft 传动轴alloy 合金valve 气门splined shaft tube中间传动轴管iron 铁valve rocker arm 气门摇臂universal joint 万向节steel 钢valve spring 气门弹簧spider 十字轴copper 铜valve guide 气门导管shaft tube yoke万向节叉nickle 镍rocker shaft bracket 摇臂轴承座yoke shaft 传动轴管silicon 硅oil pipe 油管differential 差动器hydrogen 氢oil flexible hose 机油软管differential case 差速器壳 nitrogen 氮oil filler cap 机油盖rigid live axle 后轴壳helium 氦dipstick 机油标final drive housing 主传动器壳carbon 碳oil pump 机油泵steering live axle 转向驱动轴oxygen 氧oil pump gears 油泵齿轮chassis 底盘aluminium 铝oil suction pipe joint 进油管接头chassis frame 车架calcium 钙oil filter 机油滤清器front beam axle 前桥stannum 锡radiator 散热器steering wheel 转向盘aurum 金radiator shutter 散热器百叶窗steering knuckle 转向节silver 银fan 风扇steering knuckle pivot 转向节销fluorine 氟water pump 水泵leaf sping 钢板弹簧thermistor 热敏电阻water tube 水管coil spring 螺旋弹簧ignition distributor 点火分电器engine water jacket 发动机水套torsion bar 扭杆弹簧magneto 电磁机carburetor 化油器shoke absorber 减振器headlamp 大灯fuel pump 汽油泵tired wheel 轮turn signal 转向指示灯fuel pump bracket 汽油泵wheel disk 轮盘coating涂层上衣衣料fuel filter燃油滤清器tire 轮胎plating 电镀镀层装甲fuel tank 燃油箱inner tube 内胎porosity 多孔性，气孔率air cleaner空气滤清器inner tube valve 内胎气门嘴air bag安全气囊fuel injector 喷油嘴tube air valve 气门芯seat cushion 座椅垫needle valve 针阀steering gear 转向器seat back 座椅靠背body 车身steering shaft 转向轴sefety belt 安全带front wheel valance前轮挡泥板service brake pedal 制动踏板windscreen washer 风窗清洗器roof front top rail 车身前横杠parking brake cable 停车制动绳cubic 立方体front bumper 前保险杠parking brake handle 手制动杆sprue 浇口铸口通道hood 发动机盖brake cylinder 制动分泵accompanying 随同的附见的floor panel 地板，底版brake band 制动带battery蓄电池trunk lid 行李箱盖friction lining 制动蹄摩擦衬片generator 发电机fender 翼子板brake disk 制动盘generator regulator 发电机调节器front door 前车门floating shoe 浮动蹄starter 起动器front panel 前护板friction pad 摩擦垫块spark plug 火花塞sun visor 遮阳板floating caliper 浮动钳ignition coil 点火线圈mirror 后视镜friction disk 摩擦盘ash tray 烟灰盒grab handle 把手windshield wiper 刮水器arm-rest 扶手protrusion 突出突出部露出electroplate 电镀电瓶window winder 摇窗机构手柄foundry 铸造，铸造厂cast 铸造inside door handle 车门内手柄solder 焊接剂 ,焊接weld 焊接door lock kdob 门内锁止按扭gimbal 万向节gyroscrope 陀螺仪instrument panel 仪表板swarf 金属切屑，铁屑journal 日记，杂志，轴颈lobe 叶，耳垂，裂片gauge 标准度量，计量器，线规gallery 走廊，画廊，图库rockwelldatum 论据，材料，已知数，数据roughness 粗糙度，不平度phosphate 磷酸盐taper 拔销，锥形，使变锥形square 正方形，使成直角point of tangency 切点pit 深坑凹陷scratcher 刻痕，刮伤，抓scores 得分，刻痕penetrate 穿透，刺穿了解使充溢resistance 抵抗力反抗阻力电阻corrosion resistance 抗腐蚀能力nick 刻痕，缺痕，划伤，狙击tool marks 工具痕迹restrike 复击projection 发射，投影计划推测voltage 电压伏特数electric current 电流pre-qualified machining 初加工batch 批次quantify of testbar 标准试棒flange of oil bottom housing 油底壳法兰gastightness test 气密性测试anatomize 解剖sand melusion 粘砂short pouring 浇不足shrinkage 缩孔loss 疏松scrab 结瘤profile 侧面轮廓传略描绘profile chart 透视图profile cutter 成型刀具profile lathe 仿形机床profile modeling 靠模forge 熔炉，锻造，打制bore 钻孔，令人讨厌的plane 平面，刨削mill（er）铣 (铣床)drill 钻孔，训练，钻孔机grind（er）磨磨碎磨床研磨者BMEP 制动平均有效压力combustion chamber 燃烧室Automible-Mechanism 汽车构造connect rod 连杆generator 发电机crank shaft 曲轴componets 总成antifreeze 防冻剂ignition system 点火系compartment 部件车厢lubrication oil 润滑油wear excessively 过度磨损cam 凸轮轴arrangement of cylinders 汽缸排列piston 活塞power train 动力传动系valve train 配气机构strok 行程intake 进气compression 压缩power 作功exhaust 排气seal 密封lever 杠杆gasket 密封垫plug 火花塞port 进排气道vaporize 汽化carburetor 化油器expand 膨胀bolt/stud 螺栓asbestos 石棉engine 引擎coil /winding 线圈clip 弹簧夹cliaphragm 膜片distributor 分电器drain 排水管eccentric 偏心轮friction 摩擦inertia 惯性regnlator 稳压器rust 生锈screw 螺丝spline 花键tilt 倾斜torsion 扭矩tube 内胎transistor 晶体管vacuum 真空washer 垫圈worm 蜗杆derive from 引自proofread 校审volume production 批量生产volume smoke 大量冒烟be normal to 垂直于normal angle 直角charge 混合物，分层detonation 爆燃flame 火焰propagation 传播宣传繁殖frame front 火焰锋luminous 发光的aspect 性状constant volume 定容velocity 速度be proportion to 正比于transport velocity 牵连速度as the mean of 作为….方法mean aquare root 均方根by some mean 以某种方法by which mean 借此minus /decrease/subtract 减add 加mutiply 乘divide 除where 式中round bracket 圆括号square bracket 方括号initial pressure 初压index 指数powder 幂subscript 下标ratio 比值cross-sectional area 横截面swirl 涡流variable 参变量held for 适用于crank angle 曲轴转角throttle 节流particle 粒子misfire 失火correct mixture 当量混合物secondary effect 次效应attenuate 间隙curve 曲线burning angle 燃烧角lag angle 滞后角squish 压窝，凹区daily output 日产量heat output 热功率variation 变化vortex 涡流duration 持续时间shroud 加套tangentially 切向的performance 性能vibration 震动stiffen 强化hydrocarbon 碳氢化合物emession 散发，排放物retard 延迟uniform 均匀的nozzle 嘴spray 喷射inflammation 着火evaporate 蒸发volatility 挥发性substantially 相同的idle 空转intermediate 中等的overhaul 大修audible 可听到的leakage 不泄露的divided chamber 分室idea combustion 理想燃烧supercharge 增压scarifice 牺牲ignition aids 点火装置snubbing piston 缓冲活塞heat flow 热流tail shaft 尾轴snubbing chamber 缓冲室indicator diagram 示功图nonreturn powl 止动机动driving piston 驱动活塞injector nozzle 喷嘴cylinder jacket 汽缸套compression piston 压缩活塞体育英语词汇swimming 游泳footrace 竞走ruling 裁决discus 铁饼weight lifting 举重volleyball 排球badminton 羽毛球lacrosse 长曲棍球table tennis 乒乓球tennis 网球billiards 桌球softball 垒球baseball 棒球shot 铅球javelin 标枪broad jump 跳远sprint 短跑hurdle 跨栏dive/plunge 跳水wrestling 摔交marathon 马拉松olympic 奥林匹克crossbar 单杠race/jackey 赛马forward/herald 前锋halfback 前卫full back / backfield 后卫individual 个人的champion 冠军runner-up 亚军the third 季军high jump 跳高foot ball 足球，橄榄球judo 柔道coach 教练punch 拳击pentathlon 五项运动decathlon 十项运动glossary 专业词典，术语集warpage 翘曲soot碳烟煤烟abbreviation 缩写词，缩写notch 刻痕等级缺口赢得unleaded gasoline无铅汽油roundness 圆度sump 污水坑机油箱knock sensor 爆震传感器roughness 粗糙度fastener 紧固零件，结扎工resin 树脂、涂树脂于……eccentric 同轴度woodruff key 半圆键tailpipe 排气管smoothness 平面度furl 卷收，叠起ceramic 陶瓷tappet 挺杆凸轮从动件pully 皮带轮platinum （Pt）keyway 键槽栓道扇型钥沟plier 钳子titanium-sodium 钛化钠hydraulic tappet 液压挺柱split collets 气门锁块monoxide 一氧化物socket 插进，插座valve stem 气门杆部dioxide 二氧化物thrust plate 止推片workbench 工作台Stamped aluminum 压印铝capacito 电容器paraffin 石蜡油pillar 柱子，栋梁rockwell 烙氏硬度solvent 溶剂，溶煤，有能力偿付的thixotropic 触变的具有触变作用的spanner 扳手smear 油污，污点molten 融化熔铸的dial 刻度盘discoloration 变灰，污点discrete 不连续的feeler 触角，试探者terminal接线端crystal 结晶状的，水晶，晶体aperture 孔，缝隙，孔径sensitivity灵敏度deformation 变形renovate 更新，修改resonance frequency共振频率ambient 周围的dowel 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