2019高考英语 语法突破四大篇 第三部分 专题4 数词讲义
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高考英语语法突破四大篇:专题4 数词框架结构图基数词的构成及作用1.常用基数词表ⅠⅡⅢone eleven thirtytwo twelve fortythree thirteen fiftyfour fourteen sixtyfive fifteen seventysix sixteen eightyseven seventeen ninetyeight eighteen hundrednine nineteen thousandten twenty million/billion2.基数词构成歌诀1至12逐个记,13至19 teen结尾。
20至90整十位,ty结尾是后缀。
要是表示“几十几”,连字符十位连个位。
若要表示“几百几”,hundred之后and立。
若要用于复合形容词,连字符相连不加-s。
注意:(1)hundred,thousand,million,billion等词前有基数词或several时,须用单数;与of连用时,用复数,但其前面不能再加数词。
如:six hundred people hundreds of people(2)dozen前有具体数词修饰时,用单数,of可省略;当dozen后面接these,those,them,us等词时,须先接of,再接这些词,但dozen仍不加-s;dozens of中的of不可省。
score 用法和dozen相当,但of一般不省略。
several dozen pencils dozens of studentsthree dozen of these eggs two dozen of themtwo score of eggs scores of books3.基数词的位置常位于another,all之后,such,more之前,可置于last,next,other之前或之后。
another two days all the ten booksone more apple two such penshis last two days/his two last days4.基数词的句法功能(1)主语Three will be enough.(2)宾语The city has a population of three million.(3)表语The population of this city is nearly two million.(4)同位语They two went to the cinema.(5)定语The river is about eight miles long.序数词的构成及作用1.常用序数词表ⅠⅡⅢfirst eleventh thirtiethsecond twelfth fortieththird thirteenth fiftiethfourth fourteenth sixtiethfifth fifteenth seventiethsixth sixteenth eightieth seventh seventeenth ninetieth eighth eighteenth hundredth ninth nineteenth thousandthtenth twentieth millionth/billionth注意:21以上的多位数词,只将末位数变为序数词,前面的其他位数仍用基数词。
2019届二轮复习数词考点讲解【考点提纲】数词在高考中的考查重点:1.数词表示确切数目和不确切数目的区别;2.数词复数的特殊用法;3.基数词和序数词的用法4.dozen和score 的特殊用法5.倍数表达法考点一: hundred, thousand和million的用法若hundred, thousand, million, billion等词的前面有基数词或several 修饰时,hundred, thousand, million, billion等只能用单数形式;注意hundred, thousand, million, billion等词前不能用many,若表示不确定数目的数百、数千、数百万等时,要用它们的复数形式,还要加上of。
考点二:dozen与score的用法(1)dozen (一打,十二),score (二十)与具体数词或与many, several 等连用时,后不加s,所修饰的名词前常省去of。
如:two dozen eggs 两打鸡蛋,many dozen pencils好多打铅笔;dozen, score的复数形式后接of时,表示"许多",是概数。
如:dozens of eggs几十个鸡蛋,scores of pencils几十支铅笔。
(2)当所修饰的名词之前有限定词these, those, my, your等或是修饰人称代词宾格them, us, you时,这时需要加of。
如:two dozen of these pens, three score of them。
考点三:分数的表达法:分子用基数词,分母用序数词,若分子大于1,则分母用复数。
如:one-fourth (a quarter) 1/4 two-fifths 2/5考点四:年龄表达法表示某人的确切年龄,用"基数词+years old"或"基数词+of age"或者"at the age of+基数词",也可直接用基数词;表示某人几十多岁时,用"in one’s + 逢十的基数词的复数(如tens, twenties, thirties等)"来表达。
专题4数词框架结构图基数词的构成及作用1.常用基数词表2.基数词构成歌诀1至12逐个记,13至19 teen结尾。
20至90整十位,ty结尾是后缀。
要是表示“几十几”,连字符十位连个位。
若要表示“几百几”,hundred之后and立。
若要用于复合形容词,连字符相连不加-s。
注意:(1)hundred,thousand,million,billion等词前有基数词或several时,须用单数;与of连用时,用复数,但其前面不能再加数词。
如:six hundred people hundreds of people(2)dozen前有具体数词修饰时,用单数,of可省略;当dozen后面接these,those,them,us等词时,须先接of,再接这些词,但dozen仍不加-s;dozens of中的of不可省。
score用法和dozen相当,但of一般不省略。
several dozen pencils dozens of studentsthree dozen of these eggs two dozen of themtwo score of eggs scores of books3.基数词的位置常位于another,all之后,such,more之前,可置于last,next,other之前或之后。
another two days all the ten booksone more apple two such penshis last two days/his two last days4.基数词的句法功能(1)主语Three will be enough.(2)宾语The city has a population of three million.(3)表语The population of this city is nearly two million.(4)同位语They two went to the cinema.(5)定语The river is about eight miles long.序数词的构成及作用1.常用序数词表注意:21以上的多位数词,只将末位数变为序数词,前面的其他位数仍用基数词。
高中英语语法详解精练04第四章数词第四章数词要点概览◎基数词○基数词的构成○确数和概数○dozen和score○加减乘除运算◎序数词○序数词的构成规律○序数词的用法◎分数表示法◎编号、日期及其他○编号○年、月、日、时刻○数词+连字符+单数名词知识讲解英语中数词有两类:基数词和序数词。
表示数目的词称为基数词,表示顺序的数词称为序数词。
一、基数词1.基数词的构成基数词的构成方式如下:(1)从13到19由词尾加teen构成。
thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen其中13与3,15与5有所变化,18加een(2)“几十”的整数以“ty”收尾。
从21到99,先说“几十”,再说“几”,中间加连字符。
Twenty(20),forty(40),ninety(90)twenty-one(21),thirty-two(32),fifty-five(55)eighty-six(86),ninety-nine(99)(3)“百”是hundred,从101到999,先说“几百”,后加and,再加“几十几”。
three hundred and seventy-eight(378)four hundred and forty-four(444)five hundred and fifty-nine(559)one hundred and one(101)(4)“千”是thousand,“百万”是million。
大多数汉语习惯以“万”、“亿”为单位,英语则习惯以“千”、“百万”为单位。
1000以上的数,先从右往左(即从个位开始)数,每三位加一个逗号。
第一个逗号前为thousand,第二个逗号前million(百万),然后分开表示。
1,001——one thousand and one2,000——two thousand3,450——three thousand,four hundred and fifty24,807——twenty-four thousand,eight hundred and seven 876,543——eight hundred and seventy-six thousand,five hundred and forty-three1,234,567——one million,two hundred and thirty-four thousand,five hundred and sixty-seven在以上这些数词中hundred,thousand,million都是单数,不可加s。
高中英语语法考点纵览第四章数词一、概述数词是表示数目多少或顺序先后的词。
由定义进而将数词分为两类:基数词和序数词,前者表示数目的多少,后者表示顺序的先后。
本章首先概述了数词的定义,进而从定义出发,将数词分为基数词和序数词两大类,接着以基数词和序数词分类阐述了数词在句中的作用,然后,以两大类数词为纲,分别介绍了两大数词的用法(包括表示法、特殊用法等)可谓内容详实。
最后介绍倍数的表示法(包含倍数的表达、含义及表达法之间的区别)。
为了使本章内容更加全面充实,最后介绍了一下特殊数的表达法。
本章末尾对数词进行了归纳、提炼并提出学好数词的“点金术”。
此章内容比较简单,线索比较清晰,学起来应该比较容易,关键要把握特殊的含义及用法。
相信,在把握好线索,全面了解掌握含义及用法的基础上定能对数词有全新的认识。
二、定义及分类表示数目多少或顺序先后的词,叫做数词。
数词与不定动词很相似,其用法相当于名词或形容词。
数词可以分为两种:表示数目多少的词叫做基数词,表示顺序先后的词叫做序数词。
三、在句中的作用数词的用法相当于名词或形容词,所以在句子中数词能够充当名词和形容词所能充当的成分,如:主语、宾语、表语、同位语、定语、状语。
如:It is said that thirteen is an unlucky number.(基数词作主语)The first isn’t the best.(序数词作同位语)It is north two hundred.(基数词作宾语)He is among the first to get to the international airport.(序数词作表语)The visitors in this place of interest are about five thousand.(基数词作表语)Now, he has become the first in the race.(序数词作表语)We, four will look together to solve the problem.(基数词作同位语)Jim, the last, was scolded by his teacher.(序数词作同位语)The kind woman gave the boy five apples.(基数词作定语)I think he is the first person knowing the secret.(序数词作定语)It’s very dangerous to ride two or more.(基数词作状语)The company ranks first among the similar companies.(序数词作状语)四、两种基本数词的用法1、基数词的用法(1)基数词中的1—12是单个的独立的单词,13—19加后缀-teen构成的相应基数,20—90是由2—9加后缀-ty构成的相应基数。
专题4 数词框架结构图基数词的构成及作用1.常用基数词表ⅠⅡⅢone eleven thirtytwo twelve fortythree thirteen fiftyfour fourteen sixtyfive fifteen seventysix sixteen eightyseven seventeen ninetyeight eighteen hundrednine nineteen thousandten twenty million/billion2.基数词构成歌诀1至12逐个记,13至19 teen结尾。
20至90整十位,ty结尾是后缀。
要是表示“几十几”,连字符十位连个位。
若要表示“几百几”,hundred之后and立。
若要用于复合形容词,连字符相连不加-s。
注意:(1)hundred,thousand,million,billion等词前有基数词或several时,须用单数;与of连用时,用复数,但其前面不能再加数词。
如:six hundred people hundreds of people(2)dozen前有具体数词修饰时,用单数,of可省略;当dozen后面接these,those,them,us等词时,须先接of,再接这些词,但dozen仍不加-s;dozens of中的of不可省。
score 用法和dozen相当,但of一般不省略。
several dozen pencils dozens of studentsthree dozen of these eggs two dozen of themtwo score of eggs scores of books3.基数词的位置常位于another,all之后,such,more之前,可置于last,next,other之前或之后。
another two days all the ten booksone more apple two such penshis last two days/his two last days4.基数词的句法功能(1)主语Three will be enough.(2)宾语The city has a population of three million.(3)表语The population of this city is nearly two million.(4)同位语They two went to the cinema.(5)定语The river is about eight miles long.序数词的构成及作用1.常用序数词表ⅠⅡⅢfirst eleventh thirtiethsecond twelfth fortieththird thirteenth fiftiethfourth fourteenth sixtiethfifth fifteenth seventiethsixth sixteenth eightieth seventh seventeenth ninetieth eighth eighteenth hundredth ninth nineteenth thousandthtenth twentieth millionth/billionth注意:21以上的多位数词,只将末位数变为序数词,前面的其他位数仍用基数词。
如:21st→twenty-first;22nd→twenty-second;33rd→thirty-third;100th→one hundredth 2.序数词的句法功能(1)定语the first day of the weekmy first visit to Beijing(2)表语You are the first to leave.(3)主语The second was even worse.(4)同位语Tom,the first,is here.(5)宾语Do you prefer the first or the second?注意:①序数词前一般要加定冠词the或形容词性物主代词。
This is the first one.This is her second visit to Japan.②序数词前有时可用不定冠词a,此时不强调顺序。
“a+序数词”相当于another,表示“又一个,再一个”。
You’d better try a third time.数词的应用1.用于构成分数、百分数、小数one thirdtwo thirds/two-thirdstwo-fifths of the studentsthirty percent of the watersix point four注意:表示几分之几(或百分之几)的人或物时,须在分数(或百分数)和人或物之间加of。
若充当主语,谓语动词的数应与of后面的名词的数保持一致。
如:Seventy percent of her income was spent on clothes.2.倍数表达法(1)A+谓语+倍数+as+原级+as+BThe bag is twice as big as that one.(2)A+谓语+倍数+as many/much+名词+as+BI have twice as many books as he (does).(3)A+谓语+倍数+比较级+than+BThis classroom is three times bigger than ours.(4)A+谓语+倍数+the size(width/length/height/depth等)+of+BYour piece of bread is three times the size of mine.注意:表达倍数时,常用half表示“一半”,用double或twice表示“两倍”,用基数词+times表示三或三倍以上。
3.日期的表达(1)某年:in+数字in 2018(2)某月:in+月份in May(3)某年某月:in+月+年in May 2018(4)某年某月某日:on+月+日/on+日+月,+年on May 1(st)/1(st) May,20184.时刻的表达twenty-one past/after eight或eight twenty-onefour to/of nine或eight fifty-sixhalf past eight或eight thirtya quarter to/of ten或nine forty-five5.年代的表达the early 1920s/1920’sthe early twentiesthe mid-eighties6.其他特殊表达(1)表示“每一段时间”或“每隔……”every three days/every fourth dayevery other dayevery few days(2)表示年龄in one’s teensin one’s twentiesat the age of 17He is twenty years old.He is a man of twenty.He is a twenty-year-old man.(3)用于习语中one at a time one by one ten out of ten1.数词的拼写错误fourty(误)→forty(正)ninty(误)→ninety(正)nineth(误)→ninth(正)twentith(误)→twentieth(正)twentieth-first(误)→twenty-first(正)three fifth(误)→three fifths(正)the 2th of February(误)→the 2nd of February(正)One Thousand One Nights(误)→One Thousand and One Nights(正)2.特殊表达中的错误every other days(误)→every other day(正)in his tens(误)→in his teens(正)several dozens of them(误)→several dozen of them(正)more two days(误)→two more days/another two days(正)You’d better try the third time.(误)→You’d better try a third time.(正)Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.Actually,this latest children’s version,belonging to a program titled Xiao Xigu (literally,young artists),is in honor of the thirtieth(thirty) anniversary of the1987 work ,praised as the most classic.(2018·安徽皖北协作区高三联考) 解析 “the+序数词”表示特指“第几个”,故填thirtieth 。
2.I am still thankful to my uncle for teaching me to ride a bike on my ninth(nine) birthday.(2017·东北师范大学附中模拟)解析 句意为:我依旧感谢叔叔在我九岁生日(第九个生日)时教我学会骑自行车。
3.He missed the gold in the high jump ,but will get a second chance in the long jump.(2012·大纲全国Ⅱ)解析 在序数词前用a ,则表示“再次,还有”之意。
Ⅱ.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)1.I am more than happy to know you got athefirst prize in the speech contest.(2018·湖南张家界三模)解析 the first prize 为固定用法,意为“第一名,一等奖”,而且英语中表示顺序的序数词前一般用the 来表示顺序。
所以句中的a first prize 中的a 要改为the 。
2.During the sixthsix days ,a series of English activities were organized.(2018·云南师大附中模拟)解析 during 后接时间段,此处表示六天,故用基数词。