04-10年江西师大古代文学史考研真题

江西师范大学2010年硕士研究生入学考试试题（ A 卷）专业：学科教学（英语）科目：英语综合注：考生答题时，请写在考点下发的答题纸上，写在本试题纸或其他答题纸上的一律无效。

Ⅰ.Vocabulary: (20 points, 1 X 1)Directions: Choose the best word which has the closest meaning to the underli -ned word in the sentence.1.Hauchecome’s death was bought about by ________.A) remorse B) accusation C) rheumatism D) frustration2.Jack _______ crimson with embarrassment when his girl friend saw his dirty socks under the sheet.A) disputed B) fumbled C) flushed D) stopped3.The boy had a _______ expression because of silly mistakes he had made.A) rustic B) shamefaced C) incredulous D) desperate4.The poem handles the problem of instinct _______ intellect in man.A) versus B) positive C) implement D) academic5.The government _______ its policy of helping the unemployed.A) implemented B) enriched C) enrolled D) plagued6.Obviously, the Chairman’s marks at the conference were _______ and not planned.A) substantial B) spontaneous C) simultaneous D) synthetic7.Reporters and photographers alike took great _______ at the rude way the actor behaved during the interview.A) annoyance B) offence C) resentment D) irritation8.These continual _______ in temperature make it impossible to decide what to wear.A) transitions B) transformations C) exchanges D) fluctuations9.Susan has _______ the elbows of her son’s jacket with leather patches to make it more durable.A) reinforecd B) sustained C) steadied D) confirmed10.Although we tried to concentrate on the lecture, we were _______ by the noise from the next room.A) distracted B) displaced C) dispersed D) discarded11.The reason why so many children like to eat this new brand of biscuit is t-hat it is particularly sweet and _______.A) fragile B) feeble C) brisk D) crisp12.There is supposed to be a safety _______ which makes it impossible for trains to collide.A) appliance B) accessory C) machine D) mechanism13.For years now, the people of that faraway country have been cruelly _____ by a dictator.A) depressed B) immersed C) oppressed D) cursed14.Ever since the rise of industrialism, education has been _______ towards producing workers.A) harnessed B) hatched C) motivated D) geared15.He developed a _______ attitude after years of frustration in his career.A) sneaking B) disgusted C) drastic D) cynical16.They believed that this was not the _______ of their campaign for equality but merely the beginning.A) climax B) summit C) pitch D) maximum17.Several guests were waiting in the _______ for the front door to open.A) porch B) vent C) inlet D) entry18.As the mountains were covered with a _______ of cloud, we couldn’t see their tops.A) coating B) film C) veil D) shade19.We couldn’t really afford to buy a house so we got it on hire purchase and paid monthly _______.A) investments B) requirements C) arrangements D) installments20.The magician made us think he cut the girl into pieces but it was merely an _______.A) illusion B) impression C) image D) illumⅡ.Reading Comprehension: (40 points, 1 X 2)Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by so me questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 choices marked a, b, c, and d. You should decide on the best choice and write the an swer on the Answer Sheet.TEXT 1Pygmies are the earliest-known inhabitants of central Africa. They lived in t he Congo basin long before other groups migrated there--their presence confirm ed in ancient Egyptian records. They are gentle, peaceful people who conceal t he-mselves well in the rainforest. They have in recent times had to share with immigrant farmers. Pygmies do not farm, but trade meat, honey and other for -est products for knives, metal tools ,rice, corn and bananas. They are lighter skinned than some of their neighbors and different in stature. Adults are 1.2 to 1.5m tall.The Efe group of Pygmies of the Ituri forest in eastern Congo is one of the last to retain its original culture. The Efes, whose existence is threatened by l -ogging and farming in the forests in which they hunt, are among the Burundi group of Pygmies who live in north-eastern Congo.In Cameroon, there is a population of 35,000 Baka Pygmies,but this number is uncertain because of the group’s semi-nornadic lifestyle in wandering the ra -inforest in search of game and other foods. During the three-month rainy seas -on, when food is plentiful, the Baka leave their permanent villages to roam th e forest, rarely staying in one place more than a week.Men contract marriages during this crucial season; they prove their hunting a -bility by the game they bring home to the parents of a future wife.Men from farming tribes sometimes marry Pygmy women, although there is a ban again -st Pygmy men marrying women from farming tribes.Within the Baka culture, hunting elephant is one of the most important activ -ities,not only for food but for the symbolic meanings and prestige traditionally attached to it. Elephant hunting is linked to other cultural activities, including men’s initiation and women’s ritual songs.Hunting is performed with poisoned arrows, bows, crossbows, spears and traps. The Baka are interested in the out -side world while maintaining their identity and independence. And though they are attracted by much of what the outside world offers, they have always had access to the forest,a world that is completely their own.Their culture is robust enough to survive as long as the forest remains. Without it this culture will be meaningless.21.The fact that Pygmies are the earliest Central African inhabitants has been ______.A)established B)made C)discovered D)explored22.Pygmies are gentle and peaceful people who in stature is ________.A)unusually big C)normally smallB)normally big D)quite normal23.________fails to denote the name of a country.A)the Congo B)Ituri C)Burundi D)Cameroon24.Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?A)A Baka Pygmy marriage takes place in the rainforestB)Of all Pygmies, the Efe group is the last group keeping its primitive cultureC)Pygmy men are forbidden to marry women from farming tribesD)Pygmy women are not forbidden to marry men from farming tribes25.Robust as Pygmy culture is, it can according to the text, by all means surv -ive ________.A)to the end of this centuryB)the next centuryC)the culture of farming tribes long in the outside worldD)as long as there is the rainforestTEXT 2The use of chemicals in almost all areas of life has become a commonplace phenmoenon. There is growing evidence ,however, that chemicals in the envir -onment, including pesticides, may contribute to some illnesses. While studies are still being conducted preliminary conclusions point to the verdict that such chemicals are indeed negatively impacting those humans to whom they are exp -osed.Children are especially vulnerable to toxic substancs. Pound for pound, they eat, drink and breathe more than adults,all of which expose them more heavily to those chemicals to which most individuals encounter on a daily basis. Fur-theremore, their bodies are still in developing stages, exacerbating the negative effects of those chemicals which negatively impact them.Of 50 types of pesticieds commonly used in American schools a study cond -ucted by the National Coalition Against the Misuse of Pesticides found thatmany caused negative reactions in laboratory animals. Such negative effects inc -luded kidney and liver damage, cancer, and neurological and reproductive prob -lems.These implications of these findings are far-reaching, Given the variety of ha -rmful effects attributed to those pesticides tested, one must pause and consider whether it is wise to continue their use in the nation’s schools,where children will be constantly exposed to them. Activists have lobbied for the elimination of such use with a degree of success, and recent findings, if supported by fur -ther analysis and confirmation, may help further the cause. A long term soluti on or alternative, however, remains elusive.In the short run, however, there may be some measures that can be taken to mitigate the harmful effects of dangerous pesticides. The American Medical Association’s Council on Scientific Affairs concluded in a 1997 report that giv-en the “particular uncertaint regarding the long-term health effects of low-dose pesticide exposures.”It is “prudent”for adults and children to limit their expos -ure and to “consider the use of the least toxic chemical pesticides or non-che-mical alternatives”.26.The citing of dangerous effects of pesticides on laboratory animals in paragr -aph 3 is used to suggest that _______.A)scientists are also concentrated with effects of pesticides on animalsB)cancer is the worst effect of the pesticidesC)most or all of the dangerous effects of pesticides are now knownD)the chemicals may also cause these effects in humans27.Children are more likely than adults to suffer the negative effects of pestici-des because ________.A)children absorb more pesticides than adults, proportionallyB)pesticides are used more in areas with childrenC)the pesticides used in schools are more dangerous than other pesticidesD)adults know more about pesticides than children28.The main point of this text is that _________.A)pesticides are dangerous and their uses need to be reevaluatedB)children suffer most from the effects of pesticidesC)schools are most responsible for pesticide-relate illnessesD)pesticides should be eliminates everywhere29.The author mentions the exaggerated effects of chemicals on children in par -agraph 2 to _____.A)prove that pesticides are dangerous to all humansB)show that children are more susceptible to many kinds of dangersC)suggest a solution to the problem of pesticidesD)identify one group that pesticides hurt in particular30.The author cites the American Medical Association’s advice in paragraph 4 in order to ________.A)present more factual details to clarify the issueB)present an alternative theory for considerationC)present a recommendation from a reputable sourceD)Present a solution drawn from all the evidence consideredTEXT 3It came as something of a surprise when Diana, Princess of Wales, made a trip to Angola in 1997,to support the Red Cross’s campaign for a total ban on all anti-personnel landmines. Within hours of arriving in Angola, television scre -ens around the world were filled with images of her comforting victims injure -d in explosions caused by landmines.”I knew the statistics”,she said,”But putti-ng a face to those figures brought the reality home to me; like when I met Sandra, a 13-year-old girl who had lost her leg, and people like her.”The Princess concluded with a simple message:”We must stop landmines”. And she used every opportunity during her visit to repeat this message. But, back in London, her views were not shared by some members of the British government,which refused to support a ban on these weapons. Angry politicians launched an attack on the princess in the press. They described her as”very ill -informed”and a “loose cannon”. The princess responed by brushing aside the Criticisms:”This is a distraction we do not need. All I’m trying to do is help”. Opposition parties, the media and public immediately voiced their support for Princess. To make matters worse for the government, it soon emerged that the Princess’s trip had been approved by the Foreign Office, and that she was in fact very well-informed about both the situation in Angola and the British go-vernment ‘s policy regarding landmines.The result was a severe embarrassment for the government. To try and limit the damage, the Foreign Secretary,Malcolm Rifkin, claimed taht the Princess’s views on landmines were not very different from government policy, and that it was “working towards”a worldwide ban. The Defense Secretary , Michael Portilo, claimed the matter was “a misinterpretation or misunderstanding.”For the Princess,the trip to this war-torn country was an excellent opportunity to use her popularity to show the world how much destruction and suffering lan -dmines can cause. She said that the experience had also given her the chance to get colser to people and their problems.31.Princess Diana paid a visit to Angola in 1997_______.A)to clarify the British government’s stand on landminesB)to establish her image as a friend of landmine victimsC)to investigate the sufferings of landmine victims thereD)to voice her support for a total ban of landmines32.What did Diana mean when she said “putting a face to those figures broug-ht the reality home to me”(Line 5, Para,1)?A)Meeting the landmine victims in person made her believe the statisticsB)She just couldn’t bear to meet the landmine victims face to faceC)The actual situation in Angola made her feel like going back homeD)Seeing the pain of the victims made she realized the seriousness of the situa -tion33.Some members of the British government criticized Diana because ______.A)she had not consulted the government before the visitB)she was ill-informed of the government’s policyC)they were actually opposed to banning landminesD)they believed that she had misinterpreted the situation in Angola34.How did Diana respond to the criticisms?A)She made more appearances on TVB)She paid no attention to themC)She rose to argue with her opponentsD)She met the 13-year-old girl as planned35.What did Princess Diana think of her visit to Angola?A)It had caused embarrassment to the British governmentB)It had greatly promoted her popularityC)It had brought her closer to the ordinary peopleD)It had affected her relations with the British governmentTEXT 4“History is written by the victors.”This famous phrase reverberates througho -ut the halls of history, constantly reminding us to take all that we learn with a grain of salt, knowing that the information provided for our dissemination was provided, shaped and influenced by this left to hold the pen that recorded it. In that respect, one of the worst crimes against history is the revision ofit, the altering of the record of the past so as to reflect the viewpoint of a biased group who stand to benefit from the altered version.By revising the lens by which history is judged, valuable information is lost, to the detriment of both students of the filed as well as the awareness that co-mes from experience. Without an accurately recorded account to serve as guidi -ng light, nations and societies are left to stumble their way about their affairs, ignorant of what has and hasn’t worked before, and unaware of what past ev -ents shaped and determined their present situation. Such dismal situations emer -ge from simple pride, as well as the desire of the revisionists to depict thems -elves in a better light to posterity or to cover up an embarrassing legacy, no matter the cost to the future.Recent attempts by nations involved in the second World War to minimize or erase altogether certain shameful incidents from their history textbook has been met with international outrage and protest, and rightly so. By allowing fu -ture generations to forget or never even learn about how their ancestors stumb -led on the path to progress, the experiences of those who suffered as a result of those mistakes are trivialized and made to be in its information. Both are heinous results for both nationals of that particular nation as well as those of the international community,whose stories intertwine to form the large picture.When a single string in the tapestry of world history is unraveled by revisio -n, the entire piece becomes a weaker one, subject to additional modification at the whim of those who would like to use history as a tool for their own purposes, even if it means fundamentally changing it. This outcome must be avoided at all costs, firstly by not allowing a precedent to be established that makes it acceptable, even in a single case, to commit the revision. Otherwise, humans as a race will fall prey to yet another oft-quoted phrase:”History, if fo -rgotten, is doomed to be repeated.”36.The first line of the text implies that _______.A)historical accounts are invariably colored by the views and stances of those who emerged victoriousB)those who have the power to do so will often influence recording of events to favor themselvesC)those who are defeated have little or no say in the documentation of their st ruggle, resulting in a biased account.D)the winners in a struggle have the moral obligation to accurately record eve-nts37.The author views the revision of history as _______.A)indisputably negative in all situationsB)generally harmful when done so to favor one side’s stanceC)always motivated by the desire to portray the reviser in a better lightD)Rendering the revised history useless for the purposeof analysis and learning38.In paragraph3, the author argues against historical revision with the assertion that ________.A)revision of World WarⅡevents has proven that such actions have a negative impactB)such revision results in an undeserved sense of national prideC)revising history has far-reaching effects beyond the borders of any one count -ryD)history is one of the primary concerns dealt with in the education system and should thus be pure39.In paragraph 4,”When a single string in a tapestry of world history is unra -veled by revision, the entire piece becomes a weaker one”means that ______.A).history is an intertwined series of events coming together to form a large pictureB)a loss of reliability in any single segment of history makes the entire histori -cal record suspectC)once one piece of history is revised, others soon followD)as soon as the integrity of the historical record is breached, it can never be fully recovered.40.The main point of text is that ________.A)revising history must be avoided in all situations at all costsB)the revision of history leads to a flawed perception resulting in loss of vital lessonsC)is revision of history goes on, the meaning behind the revised events will lo -se meaningD)historical revision is an international problem affecting all nations and people Ⅲ.Cloze (20 points, 1 X 2)When people __41__ to improve their breathing their initial thought is invar-iably to suck in the maximum possible draught of air __42__ you can’t pour wine into a full bottle. __43__you can’t fill the lungs with fresh air __44__ you’ve first drained them of every drop of stale air,__45__at the best of times only a sixth of the air in the lungs gets __46__with each fresh breath we take. If we breathe shallowly, or fail to clear the lunges of devitalized air, this poor rate of turnover declines __47__further.__48__always start your deep breathing exercises __49__collapsing the lungs as fully as possible. While you breatheout,imagine that you’re a hot air balloon collapsing slowly to the ground. This has a relaxing effect, particularly __50__ you quietly intone the world relax…relax…relax as you exhale.41.A)set forth B)set off C)set down D)set out42.A)But B)And C)Therefore D)Often43.A)At the same time B)In the same way C)More often than not D)Even if44.A)if B)unless C)after D)before45.A)Even B)Especially C)When D)Where46.A)changed B)changing C)to change D)change47.A)still B)more C)less D)farther48.A)Moreover B)So C)Yet D)Besides49.A)when B)in C)by D)on50.A)before B)even if C)if D)just beforeⅣ.Translation(40 points)Part A. Translate the following passage into English (20 points)依照中华人民共和国妇女权益保障法的规定，妇女在政治、文化、社会和家庭生活等方面享有与难自己平等的权利。

江西师范大学839中国古代文学考研真题及笔记2021年江西师范大学文学院《839中国古代文学》考研全套目录•江西师范大学文学院《839中国古代文学》历年考研真题汇编•全国名校中国古代文学考研真题及详解（含北大、南开等）说明：本部分收录了本科目近年考研真题，方便了解出题风格、难度及命题点。

此外提供了相关院校考研真题，以供参考。

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•试看部分内容上古至战国的文学第1章上古文学1.1 复习笔记一、文学艺术的起源1文学艺术的起源文学艺术起源于生产劳动。

原始人在劳动的过程中，自然地发出劳动的呼声，呼声富有节奏，这种简单的节奏就是音乐、舞蹈的节拍和诗歌韵律的起源，这种没有歌词且自然而健康的韵律实际上就是诗歌的起源，也是文学创作的开始。

2原始诗歌（1）原始诗歌的形式①简单的、表意的和有节奏的呼声或叹声。

②诗乐舞一体。

（2）原始诗歌的内容原始的诗歌韵语常常反映了当时的社会生活，包括渔猎、畜牧和耕种等生活内容，同时还有对自然现象的描述。

3原始散文（1）产生时间散文的产生较晚于诗歌，它是语言和逻辑思维进一步发展的结果，以文字为其必要的条件。

（2）特点简短、精炼，便于记诵，富于节奏和韵调，有诗的味道。

韵语部分，语言旋律最自然、音乐性最强烈、词意最精粹。

二、古代神话1神话概念表1-1 神话概念2著名的古代神话表1-2 著名的古代神话3神话和后世的宗教迷信的区别神话和后世的宗教迷信根本不同，不能混为一谈：（1）神话是要同自然作斗争，要战胜自然的；而宗教迷信的神则是至高无上、不可抗拒的，是人类万物的主宰，人们对神崇拜，对神屈服。

江西师范大学硕士研究生入学考试初试科目考试大纲科目代码、名称: 819中国古代文学适用专业: 中国古代文学一、考试形式与试卷结构（一）试卷满分及考试时间本试卷满分为150 分，考试时间为180分钟。

（二）答题方式答题方式为闭卷。

试卷由试题和答题纸组成；答案必须写在答题纸相应的位置上。

（三）试卷内容结构（考试的内容比例及题型）各部分内容所占分值为：第一部分约52分第二部分约52分第三部分约46分（四）试卷题型结构解释题（概念题）：6小题，每小题5分，共30分简答题（简述题）： 3小题，每小题10分，共30分分析论述题（综合题）：3小题，每小题30分，共90分二、考查目标（复习要求）全日制攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试中国古代文学科目考试内容包括“中国文学史”等1门专业学科基础课程，要求考生系统掌握相关学科的基本知识、基础理论和基本方法，并能运用相关理论和方法分析、解决文学史发展中的实际问题。

三、考查范围或考试内容概要第一部分先秦两汉魏晋南北朝文学本部分重点：第二、三、五、七、九、十一、十三章第一章上古文学第一节文学起源与原始歌谣第二节古代神话第二章《诗经》重点：国风。

第一节有关《诗经》的几个问题一、《诗经》的分类二、《诗经》的编订与传布第二节《诗经》的思想内容第三节《诗经》的艺术成就及其影响一、艺术成就1．纯朴自然的艺术风格；2.赋、比、兴的表现手法；形式上以四言句式为主，杂用三、五、七、八言；多采用隔句押韵的方法，也有句句韵及其它押韵法。

在结构上，大都采用重章迭句、反复咏唱的形式，造成一种回旋跌宕的艺术效果。

二、对后世的影响。

第三章先秦历史散文重点：《左传》《战国策》。

第一节《尚书》《春秋》第二节《左传》《国语》一、《左传》“春秋三传”。

文学价值。

二、《国语》（国别体史书）第三节《战国策》《战国策》是一部国别体史书。

经汉刘向重加编校。

民本思想。

文学价值。

第四章先秦诸子散文重点：第一节之第一，第二节，第三节之《庄子》第一节《论语》《墨子》一、孔丘和《论语》二、墨翟和《墨子》第二节孟轲和《孟子》第三节《老子》《庄子》第四节《荀子》《韩非子》第五章伟大的爱国诗人屈原和楚辞重点：《离骚》《九歌》第一节楚辞的名称及来源第二节屈原的生平第三节《离骚》和屈原的其它作品一、《离骚》2《离骚》的思想内容。

江西师范大学2005年硕士研究生中国古代文学专业入学考试试题二、名词解释1、楚辞楚辞，其本意是指楚地的言辞，后来逐渐固定为两种含义：一是诗歌体裁。

“楚辞”是战国时代以屈原为代表的楚国作家在楚国民歌的基础上创造的一种具有浓厚地方色彩的诗歌，它是《诗经》三百篇以后的一种新诗体。

所谓“书楚语，作楚声，纪楚地，名楚物，故可谓之楚辞”。

二是诗歌总集的名称。

汉成帝时，刘向整理时将屈宋等人作品编辑成书，定名为《楚辞》，从此，楚辞成为了一部诗歌总集名称。

“楚辞”包括屈原、宋玉等楚国人的作品以及汉初淮南小山，东方朔、刘向等人的仿骚作品。

刘向所编《楚辞》现已不存，目前能见最早的本子是东汉王逸《楚辞章句》，是最早为之作注的作品。

2、新乐府新乐府，即“新题乐府”，就是相对于汉魏旧（题）乐府而言的“即事名篇，无复依傍”的诗歌，指的是一种用新题写时事的乐府诗，它自创新题，抒写时事，不再以入乐与否作为衡量的标准。

新乐府即讽喻诗，是谏官文学。

新乐府诗始创于杜甫，为元结、顾况等继承，后来又得到白居易、元稹大力提倡，他们继承了杜甫现实主义的文学传统，倡导了“重通俗，尚写实”，以创作新题乐府诗反映现实为中心的诗歌革新运动。

3、建安风骨建安是东汉献帝刘协的年号，此时期朝政大全实握于曹操之手，因此，文学史上向来把建安文学作为魏晋南北朝文学的起点，建安文学包括汉魏初期（190-232）的文学，获得了繁荣的发展，取得了突出的成就：五言腾涌，俊才云蒸，作家作品大量涌现，在文学史上占有重要地位。

建安文学的特色是：在内容上反映了动乱的社会面貌和人民丧乱的痛苦，抒发了建功立业的理想和人生悲哀。

（现实主义精神）在艺术上具有一种清峻、通脱、华丽、壮大的文风，风格多慷慨激昂。

（慷慨激昂的风格）前人用“建安风骨”（或“建安风力”、“汉魏风骨”）来赞扬建安文学，就是指建安文学的这种现实主义精神和慷慨激昂的风格，这是汉魏时期文人创作的群体风范。

4、唐传奇唐传奇指唐代流行的文言短篇小说，作者多以记、传名篇，以史家笔法，传奇闻异事。

目　录2014年江西师范大学《893古代汉语》考研真题2015年江西师范大学《893古代汉语》考研真题2016年江西师范大学《893古代汉语》考研真题2017年江西师范大学《893古代汉语》考研真题2018年江西师范大学《893古代汉语》考研真题2014年江西师范大学《893古代汉语》考研真题江西师范大学2014年全日制硕士研究生入学考试试题（B卷）专业，上熠QQ美术学通方向_科目'明3古代汉语注'考生答鹿时，请胃在考点下发的答愿虹上，写在本试幽纸或箕他答幽地上的一佃无效.（本试题共2页）一、名词解释"（每个4分，共20分）1、五经2、古今字3、平仄4,《说文解字》5、《书断》二、解释下面句子中加点词•（每小题3分，共15分）1、爱其母,甦及庄公，2、晋不可启，考不可玩“3、犹不改，宣子骤谏.4、振困穷，补不足°5、君子喻于义，小人喻于利.■■三、说明下面加点词的用法。

（每小踱3分，共15分）1、寡人是征.B2、秦军氾南.3、是故明君贵五谷而贱金玉。

*4、昭王南征而不复，寡人号问,5、范增数目项王。

.四、写出与下列简化字相应的繁体字.（每字I分，共10分）郑厌众烛还妇废叹献为五、翻译下列文言夏句，（每题5分，共30分）1、亮躬耕陇亩，好为“梁父吟。

（《隆中对》）2015年江西师范大学《893古代汉语》考研真题江西师范大学255年全日制硕士研究生入学考试试题（A卷）/冶白料目：瓯述洞-----翳溢成输貌布写"舰局其他晒纸上的一律炒（本试题共2页）一、名词解释（每个4分，共20分）1、《说文解字》2、异体字3、隶变4、《书品》5、《海岳名言》二、解释下面句子中加点词，（每小题3分，共15分）1、犹不改，宣子骡谏。

2、师进，次于隆-3、故不能推车而及。

4、盂尝君怪其族也，衣冠而见之，5、拔城者收爵禄。

三、说明下列文言句式。

（每小题3分，共15分）1、刘备，天下枭雄。

江西师范大学2010年硕士研究生中国古代文学专业入学考试试题科目：中国古代文学史一、名词解释（6*5=30）1、颂：1)《诗经》所录作品皆曾入乐，起初为乐调的分类，按照音乐性质的不同，以“风”“雅”“颂”分类编排，后来由于乐调失传，于是作为篇名《风》《雅》《颂》。

2)“颂”是宗庙祭祀的乐歌，以诗、乐、舞合一形式祈祷神明、赞颂王侯功德；“颂”共有40篇，包括周颂31篇、鲁颂4篇、商颂5篇；3)《颂》诗多简短，音调缓慢，韵律欠规则，不分章，不叠句，表达对神祖的虔诚崇拜，是奴隶主神权至上的反映；《颂》在当时最受推崇，但是从文学角度看，价值远不如《风》、《雅》。

2、鲍照：鲍照,字明远,南朝最杰出的诗人。

鲍照一生仕途坎坷，但他的诗文，在生前就颇负盛名，对后来的作家更产生过重大影响。

他的文学成就是多方面的。

诗、赋、骈文都不乏名篇，而成就最高的则是诗歌，尤以“文甚遒丽”的古乐府文明于诗坛，今存诗200余首，最有名的是《拟行路难》18首，《拟古》8首。

他继承和发扬了汉魏乐府民歌的传统精神，描写了广泛的社会生活，对受压迫的人民表示了深切的同情，形成了“情感强烈奔放，风格俊逸挺拔”的艺术特色。

他还擅长写七言歌行，能吸收民歌的精华。

感情丰沛，形象鲜明，并具有浓厚的浪漫主义色彩，对唐代的李白、高适、岑参等人的鲍照创作有一定的影响。

杜甫说李白的诗“俊逸鲍参军”便是如此。

鲍照被认为是南北朝时期文人中成就最高的，“集南北朝文学之大成”。

刘宋时代，能继承建安诗歌传统，发扬“左思风力”者，唯鲍照一人。

与颜延之、谢灵运合称“元嘉三大家”。

3、《倩女离魂》：1)《倩女离魂》是元代后期杂剧家郑光祖的最优秀作品，是描写才子佳人缠绵爱情旦角戏的代表作，是元杂剧四大爱情剧之一。

2)《倩女离魂》全名为《迷情锁倩女离魂》，取材于唐人陈玄祐的传奇《离魂记》，郑光祖旧题新作。

3)剧本描写张倩女和王文举指腹为亲，倩女之母嫌文举功名未就，不许二人成婚，文举独自上京应试，倩女魂离躯体追赶王生，与之一同进京，而其躯体在家卧床不起，王生中了状元与倩女离魂一同回家，两个倩女合而为一，王生与倩女正式结婚。

江西师范大学2007年硕士研究生中国古代文学专业入学考试试题中国古代文学史1、解释（6×5=30’）1. 毛诗1)《诗经》虽然遭到秦火的焚毁，但是由于学者的讽诵，至汉复得流传。

汉代传授《诗经》的共有四家：“齐诗（齐人辕固生）”“鲁诗（鲁人申培公）”“韩诗（燕人韩婴）”“毛诗”，合称为四家诗。

2)大毛公鲁人毛亨和小毛公赵人毛苌的古文诗经“毛诗”较之于“三家诗”更为晚出，未被立为学官。

毛氏说诗，事实多联系《左传》，训诂多同于《尔雅》。

3)“三家诗”盛时，“毛诗”受压。

东汉末年，儒学大师郑玄作《毛诗笺》“申明毛义难三家”，学习毛诗的人逐渐增多，“毛诗”遂盛行于天下，其后“三家诗”先后失传，存者唯《毛诗》，即今之《诗经》。

2.乐府乐府的含义是演变的。

1)在汉代，所谓乐府是指乐府机关，乐即音乐，府即官府，指国家设立的诗乐舞三者相结合的音乐机构。

这是乐府的原始意义。

2)但魏晋六朝却将乐府所唱的诗也叫乐府，六朝人的着眼点主要是在音乐上，显然是把乐府看成是一种诗体。

于是乐府便由机关的名称变为一种带有音乐性的诗体的名称。

3)到了唐代，已经撇开音乐，注重其社会内容。

如元结的《系乐府》、白居易的《新乐府》、皮日休的《正乐府》等，都不入乐，但是都称之为乐府。

于是乐府又变为一种批判现实的讽刺诗。

4)宋元以后，也有称词、曲为乐府的，是单从乐府入乐来说的。

3. 韩孟诗派韩孟诗派是中唐时期以来以韩愈、孟郊为代表的一个重要的诗歌流派。

此外还有张籍、李翱、卢仝、李贺、马异，刘叉，贾岛等参加，诗派成员酬唱切磋，相互奖掖，形成了审美意识的共同趋向和艺术上的共同追求。

他们作诗不重视写实，而注重主观感受。

内容态度上讲究的是煊才，苦吟，不把诗歌作为讽喻时政、干预现实的手段，也不重视社会接受。

形式上不注意从俗趋易，追求的是独创、出奇，用语务去陈言，选择物象剔怪，风格深险怪癖，故又称“险怪诗派”、“奇崛诗派”。

韩孟诗派有明确的理论主张，主要包括“不平则鸣”、“笔补造化”。

各大高校“古代文学考研”历年真题大汇总（2）亲爱的各位师弟师妹们，以下是各大高校“古代文学考研”历年真题的大汇总（这是第二部分，第一部分请查看往期推送）；大家特别注意，尽量收集或购买到最近5年（越多越好）的真题，进行分析和寻找答题技巧。

真题的具体作用如下：1、知道该校的出题方向、方式，可以借此猜题；2、研究分析出答题技巧，锻炼答题能力；3、同时也可以把其他高校的真题作为练习题，这是非常好的一种答题训练。

文学考研的主要分值落在简答题和论述题上，为的是考查大家的理解分析能力，以及有没有形成自己逻辑和思考。

所以，考研不能死读书，一定要多思考和多总结，还要多写多练。

以下和大家分享，也欢迎大家把自己的资源发给大师兄，让大师兄整理分享给更多人。

江西财经大学2005年考研专业课试题专业：中国古代文学考试科目：中国古代文学一、名词解释（每小题5分，共8小题40分）1、赋比兴2、《国语》3、新乐府运动4、江湖诗人5、后七子6、《拜月亭》7、《儒林外史》8、龚自珍二、问答题（每小题15分，共4小题60分）1、屈原文学作品的艺术价值。

2、欧阳修散文的艺术风格。

3、《西游记》的主旨。

4、《聊斋志异》的艺术成就。

三、论述题（每小题25分，共50分；2、3题选做一题，多做不加分，但作为参考）1、李白诗歌的艺术成就。

2、试述辛弃疾在词史上的地位。

3、近代谴责小说的特点。

'中国人民大学2000年硕士研究生入学考试试题中国古代文学史一、名词解释(共40分，每题5分) 1、《北山移文》2、《九辩》3、《汉书》4、以诗为词5、盛唐边塞诗派6、永嘉四灵7、枚乘8、《南词叙录》二、论述题(共60分，每题20分)l、结合具体作品论述柳永在词史上的贡献。

2、有人说：“古诗两汉以来，曹子建出而始为宏肆，多生情态，此一变也。

”你如何理解这一论述?3、结合作品，分析《水济传》武松故事中武大、珲哥、王婆、何九等人物的思想性格。

南京师范大学2005古代文学专业中国文学史试卷一，名词（14*5）兴观群怨；太史公书；诗缘情而绮靡；余霞散成绮，澄江静如练；三教合一；郊寒岛瘦；苏门四学士；清空；清真词；元曲四大家；四声猿；竟陵派；立主脑；红学二，论述（4*20）1、你是怎样看待《庄子》思想特征的？2、你是怎样看待杜甫“沉郁顿挫”诗风的？3、“易安体”的艺术特征是什么？4 、你是怎样看待《儒林外史》艺术特色的？南京师范大学2005古代文学专业作品阅读和评论试卷一，翻译汉阳诸姬，楚实尽之；二，名句填空__今我来思，雨雪霏霏；__杂花生树，群莺乱飞；__为谁流下潇湘去；念桥边红药_；峰峦如聚，波涛如怒，三，简答1、《史记·项羽本纪》中“别姬”一段反映项羽什么样的性格？2、“怀旧空吟闻笛赋”用的什么典故；3、杨万里：“船离洪泽岸头沙，人到淮河意不佳；何必桑乾方是远，中流以北即天涯。

江西师范大学硕士研究生入学考试初试科目考试大纲科目代码、名称: 819中国古代文学适用专业: 中国古代文学一、考试形式与试卷结构（一）试卷满分及考试时间本试卷满分为150 分，考试时间为180分钟。

（二）答题方式答题方式为闭卷。

试卷由试题和答题纸组成；答案必须写在答题纸相应的位置上。

（三）试卷内容结构（考试的内容比例及题型）各部分内容所占分值为：第一部分约52分第二部分约52分第三部分约46分（四）试卷题型结构解释题（概念题）：6小题，每小题5分，共30分简答题（简述题）： 3小题，每小题10分，共30分分析论述题（综合题）：3小题，每小题30分，共90分二、考查目标（复习要求）全日制攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试中国古代文学科目考试内容包括“中国文学史”等1门专业学科基础课程，要求考生系统掌握相关学科的基本知识、基础理论和基本方法，并能运用相关理论和方法分析、解决文学史发展中的实际问题。

三、考查范围或考试内容概要第一部分先秦两汉魏晋南北朝文学本部分重点：第二、三、五、七、九、十一、十三章第一章上古文学第一节文学起源与原始歌谣第二节古代神话第二章《诗经》重点：国风。

第一节有关《诗经》的几个问题一、《诗经》的分类二、《诗经》的编订与传布第二节《诗经》的思想内容第三节《诗经》的艺术成就及其影响一、艺术成就1．纯朴自然的艺术风格；2.赋、比、兴的表现手法；形式上以四言句式为主，杂用三、五、七、八言；多采用隔句押韵的方法，也有句句韵及其它押韵法。

在结构上，大都采用重章迭句、反复咏唱的形式，造成一种回旋跌宕的艺术效果。

二、对后世的影响。

第三章先秦历史散文重点：《左传》《战国策》。

第一节《尚书》《春秋》第二节《左传》《国语》一、《左传》“春秋三传”。

文学价值。

二、《国语》（国别体史书）第三节《战国策》《战国策》是一部国别体史书。

经汉刘向重加编校。

民本思想。

文学价值。

第四章先秦诸子散文重点：第一节之第一，第二节，第三节之《庄子》第一节《论语》《墨子》一、孔丘和《论语》二、墨翟和《墨子》第二节孟轲和《孟子》第三节《老子》《庄子》第四节《荀子》《韩非子》第五章伟大的爱国诗人屈原和楚辞重点：《离骚》《九歌》第一节楚辞的名称及来源第二节屈原的生平第三节《离骚》和屈原的其它作品一、《离骚》2《离骚》的思想内容。

2004年江西师范大学中国古代文学专业硕士研究生入学考试卷课程：中国古代文学作品选一、指出下列诗文的篇名或作者，并解释红色字词。

（每句3分，共30分）1.乘彼垝垣，以望复关。

2.荒忽兮远望，观流水兮潺湲。

3.谨庠序之教，申之以孝悌之义，颁白者不负戴于道路矣。

4.去矣方滞淫，怀哉罢欢宴。

5.恍恍与之去，驾鸿凌紫冥。

6.可怜夜半虚前席，不问苍生问鬼神。

7.君不见咫尺长门闭阿娇，人生失意无南北。

8.中州盛日，闺门多暇，记得偏重三五。

9.人为动物，惟物之灵，百忧感其心……，而况思其力之所不及，忧其智之所不能，宜其渥然丹者为槁木，黟然黑者为星星。

10.不师秦七，不师黄九，倚新声玉田差近。

二、名词解释（每题5分，共30分）1. 赋比兴2. 骈体文3. 文心雕龙4. 江西诗派5. 拟话本6. 南戏三、论述题（每题20分，共60分）1. 结合作品阐述陶渊明诗“似癯实腴”的特点。

2.试述杜甫诗的叙事艺术。

3.《红楼梦》中充满着日常生活的描写，这种描写很容易写平庸、重复，作者是如何在日常描写中推动情节发展的？试举例具体阐述四、作品评析（30分）苏轼《定风波》小序：三月七日，沙湖道中遇雨，雨具先去，同行皆狼狈，余不觉。

已而遂晴。

莫听穿林打叶声，何妨吟啸且徐行。

竹杖芒鞋轻胜马，谁怕？一蓑烟雨任平生。

料峭春风吹酒醒，微冷，山头斜照却相迎。

回首向来萧瑟处，归去，也无风雨也无晴。

作品分析答题需对以下问题有所分析：1.此词是苏轼哪个阶段所作？词中反映出苏轼怎样的人生态度？请举出苏轼其他作品中相似的人生表白。

2.此词体现了苏轼词的何种艺术追求？试联系整个北宋词坛加以比较分析。

2005年江西师范大学中国古代文学专业硕士研究生入学考试卷课程：中国古代文学作品选一、指出下列诗文的篇名或作者，并解释红色字词。

（每句3分，共30分）1.八月剥枣，十月获稻。

2.鸟飞还故乡兮，狐死必首丘。

3.越国以鄙远，君知其难也。

4.池塘生春草，园柳变鸣禽。