英语时态和语态

英语第二节英語的时态和语态一、一般现在时的用法基本结构：主语+be + adj./ n./主语+V(S)（1）表示表示现在的状态、特征或经常性、习惯性的动作；句中常用often, usually, every…，sometimes 等时间状语。

a. He is very happy.b. He is ready to help others.c. I often take exercise in the morning.我经常在早上做运动。

d. He goes to school by bike every day. 他每天骑车去上学。

想一想：把上面的句子变成否定句和疑问句（2) 由连词if , unless, before, as soon as, when , once, 等引导的时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来。

a. If you come this afternoon, we‟ll have a meeting. 如果你今天下午过来，我们将开个会。

b. I won‟t go to the party unless I am invited.(3) 有时这个时态表示按计划、规定要发生的动作（句中都带有时间状语）a. The meeting begins at seven. 会议七点开始。

b. The rain starts at nine in the morning. 上午九点开始下雨。

高考题If we now to protect the environment, we‟ll live to re gret it. 2013高考全国卷A. hadn't actedB. haven't actedC. don't actD. won't act二、一般过去时的用法构成：主语+was/ were +adj/n.主语+v-ed1）在过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。

时间状语有：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。

例如：a. When I was young I was very thin.b. Where did you go just now? 刚才你上哪儿去了？2）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。

例如：When I was a child, I often played football in the street.我是个孩子的时候，常在马路上踢足球。

考点：I didn‟t recognize you.Edward, you play so well. But I didn‟t know you played the piano.典型例题---- Your phone number again? I ___ quite catch it.---- It's 69568442.A. didn'tB. couldn'tC. don'tD. can't三.一般将来时的用法一般将来时表示将来的动作或状态。

构成：will 或shall + 动词原形”be going to do 表示即将发生的或最近打算进行的事。

a. We‟ll die when we are old.b. It is going to rain.2）“be to + 动词原形” 表示按计划进行或征求对方意见。

a.The boy is to go to school tomorrow. 男孩明天要去上学。

b.Are we to go on with this work? 我们要继续这项工作吗？3) “be about to+ 动词原形” 表示即将发生的动作. 后面一般不跟时间状语。

We are about to leave. 我们正要离开。

四. 现在进行时构成：be +doing(1)表示现在（指说话人说话时）正在发生的事情。

例如：We are waiting for you. b.(2)习惯进行：表示长期的或重复性的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行。

例如：Mr. Green is writing another novel.(3)下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等现在进行时可以表示将来。

a.I'm leaving tomorrow. 明天我要走了。

b.Are you staying here till next week? 你会在这儿呆到下周吗？五. 过去进行时构成：was / were + doing表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。

When the teacher came in, the students were chatting.It was raining when they left the station.典型例题Mary ___ a dress when she cut her finger.A. madeB. is makingC. was makingD. makes答案C.六. 现在完成时构成：have（has）+过去分词。

现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态，其结果的影响现在还存在；也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态。

现在完成时的时间状语：for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in past years, this morning, already, recently, lately,等，a.I have seen this film. （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了）b.Who hasn't handed in his paper?c.He has been ill for three days.用于现在完成时的句型1）It/ this is the first / second time.... that…have doneIt is the first time that I have visited the city. 这是我第一次访问这城市。

注意：It was the third time that the boy had been late.2）This is +形容词最高级+that…结构，that 从句要用现在完成时。

例如：This is the best film that I've （ever）seen. 这是我看过的最好的电影。

典型例题（1）---Do you know our town at all? ---No, this is the first time I ___ here.A. wasB. have beenC. cameD. am coming（2）---Have you ____ been to our town before? ---No, it's the first time I ___ here.A. even, comeB. even, have comeC. ever, comeD. ever, have come比较：I worked here for more than twenty years. （我现在已不在这里工作。

）I have worked here for many years.（现在我仍在这里工作。

）since 的用法：1）since +过去一个时间点I have been here since 1989. 1989起，我一直在这儿。

2）since +一段时间+ ago。

I have been here since five months ago. 我在这儿，已经有五个月了。

3）since +从句。

例如：Great changes have taken place since you left. 你走后，变化可大了。

4）It is +一段时间+ since从句。

例如：It is two years since I became a postgraduate student. 我考上研究生有两年了。

典型例题1. You don't need to describe her. I ___ her several times.A. had metB. have metC. metD. meet七．现在完成进行时构成：have / has been doing表示从过去某一时间开始的动作一直持续到现在，甚至将来，强调进行的过程。

Eg. She is very tired. She has been tying letters all day.He has been waiting for you all this morning八. 过去完成时1）概念：表示过去的过去其构成是had +过去分词构成。

----|----------|--------|---->那时以前那时现在2）用法a.She said （that）she had never been to Paris. 她告诉我她曾去过巴黎。

When the police arrived, the thieves had run away. 警察到达时，小偷们早就跑了。

We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't. 那时我们希望你能来，但是你没有来。

By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself.Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.典型例题The students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the office.A. had written, leftB. were writing, has leftC. had written, had leftD. were writing, had left动词语态被动语态由助动词be + done, 被动语态可以应用于不同的时态中。

1）一般现在时：You are required to do this.2）一般过去时：The story was told by her.3）一般将来时：The problem will be discussed tomorrow.4）现在进行时：The road is being widened.5）过去进行时：The new tool was being made.6）现在完成时：The novel has been read.7）过去完成时：He said that the work had been finished.8）过去将来时：He said that the trees would be planted soon.2. 一些特殊的被动结构1）带情态动词的被动结构：The problem must be solved soon.2）带不定式的被动结构：The room is going to be painted.1. When I saw Mary, she ______ on the piano.A. is playingB. playsC. was playingD. played2. She ______ the door before she goes away.A. had lockedB. is lockingC. has locked.D. was locking.3. A hunter is a man who ______ animals.A. catchB. catchesC. will catchD. was catching4. What _____ if I drink this?A. happensB. is happeningC. will happenD. is happened5. I will visit you if Father ______ me.A. letB. letsC. is lettingD. will let6. Look out! That tree _____ fall down.A. is going toB. will beC. shallD. would7. My uncle _____ to see me. He'll be here soon.A. comesB. is comingC. had comeD. came8. They can't leave until they _____ their work.A. didB. are doingC. have doneD. has done9. "Has he seen this film?" " Yes. He ______ it several days ago. "A. sawB. has seenC. had seenD. was seeing10. I ______ in Guang Zhou for six years by this October.A. have livedB. was livingC. will be livingD. shall have lived11. That day he ._______ his clothes before he came to see me.A. has washedB. washedC. had been washingD. was washed12. I haven't finished my composition. I ______ for two hours and a half.A. have written itB. have been writing itC. wrote itD. am writing it13. I will take my daughter with me when I _____ ShangHai,A. go toB. will go toC. have been toD. have gone to14. This bright girl ______ the truth in front of the enemy.A. didn't sayB. couldn't speak toC. saidD. didn't tell15 When he ______ all the newspapers, he'll go home.A. sellsB. has soldC. will have soldD. will be sold16. By this time next year he ______ from the college.A. will be graduatingB. should be graduatingC. will have graduatedD. is graduating17. "Hurry up, you ______ on the phone. " "Oh, I'm coming. Thank you. "A. are wantedB. are being wantedC. wantD. are wanting18. I _____ here since I moved here.A. will workB. workedC. workD. have been working19. Every time I _____ there, I will buy him something nice.A. wentB. will goC. goD. have gone20. Don't get off the bus until it ______.A. stopB. will stopC. stoppedD. has stopped21. We won't go unless you ______ soon.A. had comeB. cameC. will comeD. come22._____six years since I began studying English.A. They have beenB. it isC. It wasD. There are23.---Ｗhy, jack, you look so tired!------ Well, I _____ the house and I must finish the work tomorrow.A. was paintingB. will be paintingC. have paintedD. have been painting24.--- Have you finished reading Jane Eyre?---- No, I _____ my homework all day yesterday.A. was doingB. would doC. had doneD. do25.When you are home, give a call to let me know you___ safely.A. are arrivingB. have arrivedC. had arrivedD. will arrive26.Excuse me. I______ I was blocking your way.A. did …t realizeB. don‟t realizeC. haven‟t realizedD. wasn‟t realizing27.Up to now, the program _____ thousands of children who would otherwise have died.A. would saveB. savesC. had savedD. has saved28.I have to see the doctor because I _____ a lot recently.A. have been coughingB. had coughedC. coughedD. cough29.----- When shall we restart our business?--- Not until we____ our plan.A. will finishB. are finishingC. are to finishD. have finished30.You‟ve failed to do what you_____ to and I‟m afraid the teacher will blame you.A. will expectB. will be expectingC. expectedD. were expected31.We_______ on this project for four hours. Let‟s have a rest.A. are workingB. have been workingC. workedD. had worked32.The book has been translated into thirty languages since it _____ on the market in 1973.A. had comeB. has comeC. cameD. comes33.----- Why do you want to work for our company?---- This is the job that I _____ for.A looked B. am to look C. had looked D. have been looking34.Joseph _______ to evening classes since last month. But he still can‟t say “What‟s you name?”in Russian.A. has been goingB. wentC. goesD. has gone35.I _____ all the cooking for my family, but recently I‟ve been too busy to do it.A. will doB. doC. am doingD. had done36.Plannin g so far ahead _________ no sense ---- so many things will have changed by next year.A. madeB. is makingC. makesD. has made37. When Alice came to, she didn‟t know how long she _____ there.A. had been lyingB. has been lyingC. was lyingD. has lain38.If you don‟t like the drink you _______, just leave it and try a different one.A. orderedB. are orderingC. will orderD. had ordered39.Tom ________ in this library every night over the last three months.A. worksB. wordedC. has been workingD. had been working40.----- That must have been a long trip.------ Yeah, it ____ us a whole week to get there.A．takes B. has taken C. took D. was taking各地高考完形填空词组及固定搭配常考汇总1. as a whole 作为一个整体,整个看来2. as far as …/are concerned就……而言3. as for至于,就…方面说4. as if好像,仿佛5. as soon as一~就~6. as though好像,仿佛7. as to 至于,关于;8. as well也,一样9. aside from 除┄之外;10. associate … with…由……联想到……,把……联系起来11.at a disadvantage处于不利地位12. at a loss不知所措13. at a time每次,一次14. at all 丝毫,根本;15. at any moment即使,随时.16. at first 首先,开始的时候;17. at least至少18.at length 最终,详细地;19. at most最多20. at no time从不,决不21. at one time曾经,从前曾22. at the cost of以……为代价23. at the least 至少;24.at times有时,间或;25. at…speed以……的速度。