2018届福建省厦门外国语学校高三下学期5月适应性考试(最后压轴模拟)理综-化学试题(解析版)
- 格式:doc
- 大小:423.50 KB
- 文档页数:14
厦门外国语学校2018届高三年级文科综合能力适应性测试本试卷分第Ⅰ卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分,共12页。
满分300分。
考试用时150分钟。
第Ⅰ卷(选择题,140分)本卷共35小题,每小题4分,共140分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是最符合题目要求的。
请将正确选项用2B铅笔填涂到答题卡的相应位置。
江苏无锡是中国光伏产业最为集中的地区。
自2001年首家中澳合资光伏企业成立。
至2011年,无锡光伏产业发展实行两头在外的发展模式(关键零部件、生产设备和销售市场主要依赖国外)参与国际市场竞争。
2016年,无锡市太阳能电池产能占全国总规模的50%以上,已形成包括光伏材料、电池原件、光伏组件、逆变器、运维服务、数据管理等各生产环节的全产业链竞争优势。
光伏制造设备的本地化率已经超过50%;企业在为客户提供电子化学品原料的同时,还针对单晶硅和多晶硅生产中的化学品污染问题,主动研发废化学品的回收再利用技术;开发了可以通过互联网实现对遥远地区的风能、光伏等发电装置的远程监控、运行管理和维护技术。
据此完成1~3题。
1.与发达国家相比,2001-2011年间无锡光伏产业参与国际市场竞争的主要有利条件是A.生产成本较低B.原料资源丰富C.交通位置优越D.市场需求量大2.无锡光伏产业在短短10多年间,从两头在外发展模式到形成全球性竞争优势,主要得益于A.生产规模不断扩大B.智能化的运行管理和维护服务C.技术研发和创新D.废化学品的回收再利用3. 2016年,江苏省光伏累计装机容量列全国第五,仅次于4个太阳能资源一类地区一一新疆、甘肃、青海和内蒙古。
在东部沿海各省区中,江苏省光伏累计装机容量居首位的比较优势是A.太阳能资源丰富B.国家新能源政策的扶持C.清洁能源市场需求量大D.光伏全产业链的强力支撑玛纳斯河山麓冲积扇是天山北麓规模最大的冲积扇,由南向北发育有多期冲积扇,不同时期形成的冲积扇之间有明显的阶梯状陡坎。
2018年福建省厦门外国语学校高考英语模拟试卷(5月份)第二部分阅读理解(共两节)第一节(满分30分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A 、B 、C和D )中,选出最佳选项,并在题卡上将该项涂黑.1. Tour in the MuseumExperts or folk scholars lead the tour in the museum and throw further light on certain exhibits. Lectures and interactive events will be held to discuss popular scientific topics. Two public themed lectures will be held every month, like “Unlock the Space Station” and “Looking into the Amazing Brain” etc.Fan WorkshopThe series of hands﹣on courses include “WEDO2.0 Robot”,“First Step for Robot Design”,“Get Creative with Lego”,“Space Exploration” and “Science and Technology” etc. Through exploration, cooperation, creation and sharing, the workshop is set to interest students in science, engineering and mechanics.Everyone Can CodeBased on Apple’s Swift language and Swift Playgrounds, the courses, such as How an app is produced, Exploration into Face ID and Program for Dash robot are available to fuel teenagers’ interest in programming and cultivate their logical thinking. The aim is get people to feel the fun in programming.Live ShowUnlike the traditional teaching mode, a scientific show will present the scientific principles. The public is able to see the show as well as be in the show to feel the charm in a closer place. Fourteen topics are now available, including “the Power of Structure”,“Voice and Music” and “Secret for a Polar Bear to Keep Warm”.(1)What do the activities have in common?________A.They discuss popular topics.B.They offer public lectures.C.They centre on science and technology.D.They give practical courses.(2)What is special about “Live Show”?________A.It combines the laws of science.B.It is a traditional show on principles.C.Visitors can join in the performance.D.The viewers sit close to each other.(3)Where is the text probably taken from?________A.A holiday brochure.B.A fashion magazine.C.A museum guidebook.D.A programming textbook.【答案】CC【考点】阅读理解综合【解析】本文属于说明文阅读,作者通过这篇文章向我们介绍了三个有关科学方面的博物馆.【解答】(1)C.细节理解题,根据第一段 Lectures and interactive events will be held to discuss popular scientific topics可知这些活动都以科技为中心.故选C.(2)C.推理判断题,根据最后一段 The public is able to see the show as well as be in the show to feel the charm in a closer place.可知在现场表演中,公众可以看到表演,也可以在表演中感受到更贴近的魅力,即参与到表演中,故选C.(3)C.文章出处题,根据第一段Experts or folk scholars lead the tour in the museum and throw further light on certain exhibits.可本文向我们介绍了几个博物馆,因此应该属于博物馆指南,故选C.2. A few weeks ago, I went into my son Chase’s class for tutoring. Afterward, Chase’s teacher and I sat for a few minutes and talked about shaping little hearts to become contributors to a larger community.Then she told me this.Every Friday afternoon, she asks her students to write down the names of four children with whom they’d like to sit the following week. The children know these requests may or may not be honored. She also asks the students to nominate(提名)one student who they believe has been an outstanding classroom citizen that week. All votes are privately submitted to her.Then after the students go home, she takes out those slips, places them in front of her and studies them. She is looking for children struggling to connect with others.She’s identifying the little ones who are falling through the cracks of the class’s social life. She is discovering whose gifts are going unnoticed by their peers.As Chase’s teacher expl ained this simple, creative idea, I stared at her with my mouth hanging open.“How long have you been using this system?” I said. Ever since 1999, she said.This brilliant woman watched Columbine in 1999knowing that all violence begins with disconnection. All outward violence begins as inner loneliness.Children who aren’t being noticed may eventually result in being noticed by any means necessary.So she decided to start fighting violence early and often in the world within her reach. What Chas e’s teacher is doing when she sits in her empty classroom studying those lists written with shaky 11﹣year﹣old hands is saving lives. I am convinced of it.What this mathematician has learned while using this system is something she really already knew: that everything﹣even love, even belonging﹣has a pattern to it. She finds the patterns, and through those lists she breaks the codes of disconnection. Then she gets lonely kids the help they need.It’s math to her. Yet all is love﹣even math.(1)What are students required to do every Friday afternoon?________ 4students to be honored.B.Hand in a name list to the teacher.C.Choose a student to sit with.D.Tell the teacher a secret.(2)Why does the teacher ask her students to do so?________A.To discover potential risks.B.To figure out new seating.C.To research on her students’ talents.D.To spot kids disconnected with others.(3)What do we know about Chase’s teacher?________A.Columbine led her to fight violence.B.Her students have difficulty in writing.C.She established the system in 1999.D.She cares about saving lives.(4)What message does the text convey?________A.Math patterns are important.B.Students suffer a lot in social life.C.Love is the key to going with loneliness.D.Breaking disconnection helps prevent violence.【答案】BDAD【考点】阅读理解综合完形综合【解析】本文章主要讲述了作者和作者孩子的数学老师都认为教育要注重学生的性格培养,要塑造孩子的内心,让他们成为友善勇敢的人,让他们成为有贡献的人.那位数学老师就分享了自己的一些经验,她用特殊的方法去了解学生的内心世界,寻找孤独的孩子,从而关爱他们,有效的防止了早期犯罪.【解答】(1)B.细节题.根据文章内容,Every Friday afternoon, she asks her students to write down the names of four children with whom they’d like to sit the following week.由此可知,每个星期五下午,老师都会让每一个学生写下4个他想要挨着坐的同学的名字,结合选项,故选B.(2)D.细节题.根据文章内容,She is looking for children struggling to connect with others.She’s identifying the little ones who are falling through the cracks of the class’s social life. She is discovering whose gifts are going unnoticed by their peers.老师想通过这种方式找出那种与同龄人缺少沟通与交流,又需要关爱的孩子.结合选项,故选D.(3)A.推理题.根据文章内容,This brilliant woman watched Columbine in1999knowing that all violence begins with disconnection. All outward violence begins as inner loneliness.由此可知,这位老师从观看Columbine得知了所有的暴力都源于与外界缺失的练习,所有的暴力都源于内心的孤独,因此是Columbine让她开始反抗暴力,结合选项,故选A.(4)D.写作目的题.根据文章内容,that everything﹣even love, even belonging﹣has a pattern to it. She finds the patterns, and through those lists she breaks the codes of disconnection.每个人都需要关爱,每件事都值得关注,打破与外在的隔绝,就可以有效的防止暴力,防止犯罪.结合选项,故选D.3. Science textbooks around the world have become suddenly out of date.Four new chemical elements(元素)have been added to the periodic table.A big decision now lies ahead﹣elements 113, 115, 117 and 118 need to be given their official names and symbols. New elements can be named after a mythical(神话的) concept, a mineral, a place or country, a property(性质) or a scientist.The names have to be unique andmaintain“historical and chemical consistency”.This means a lot of“﹣iums”.“They’re Latinising the name,”explains chemist Andrea Sella.“The most recent traditionis to name them after places or people.”T he places chosen tend to be where the element was discovered or first produced.No one has yet named an element after themselves but many elements are named in honour of important scientists.Albert Einstein was given einsteinium.This can also be a way of righting the wrongs of the past.“Lise Meitner was really the chemist who spotted nuclear fission(核裂变)but she was never really recognised for it because she was Jewish and a woman, ”says Sella.“Giving an element a name that reminds us of her is greatly important.”The naming process isn’t quick.The scientists who discovered them will start things offby suggesting a name.But it will be down to the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) to approve it.A special division of the US﹣based group has to accept the suggestion.Then there is a public review period of five months before the IUPAC gets the final approval.Once it’s ready, the name is announced in the scientific journal Pure and Applied Chemistry.Naming an element is not just about functionality.Names are always important.(1)What is the function of Paragraph 1?________A.To introduce the topic.B.To present a finding.C.To point out a problem.D.To call for a decision,.(2)Why was Lise Meitner mentioned in the naming process in Paragraph 4?________A.To praise her.B.To build her reputation.C.To correct the wrongs of the past.D.To end racial discrimination.(3)Who has the final say in the naming process of an element?________A.The scientist who discovered them.B.The special division of US﹣based group.C.The scientific journal Pure and Applied Chemistry,.D.The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry.(4)What is the passage mainly about?________A.How elements get their names.B.Why science textbooks are out of date.C.How new elements are discovered.D.How functional naming an element is.【答案】ACDA【考点】阅读理解综合【解析】本文为一篇科普题材的说明文,文章主要介绍了每当一个新元素被发现之时我们该如何对其进行命名,该用什么对其进行命名,文章中介绍了我们可以用某段神话故事,某种物质或是某个地名对其进行命名文章的最后部分介绍了当一个元素被发现之后又当如何将其命名的名字得到许可.【解答】(1)A.主旨大意题,同归题目我们可以将答案定位到文章的第一段,A选项意为引出话题, B选项意为展示发现,C选项意为指出问题,D选项意为寻求建议,通过综合分析该题应当选择A项引出话题.(2)C.细节理解题,通过问题我们可以将答案定位到文章的第四段" This can also be a way of righting the wrongs of the past.“这句话意为”这也可能是一种纠正过去错误的方式"因而该题选择C项.(3)D.细节理解题,通过分析问题“对于元素的命名过程谁具有最终得话语权?”可以将答案定位到文章的第五段“But it will be down to the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) to approve it.”故该题选择D项.(4) A.主旨大意题,A选项意为“元素是如何获得自己的名字?”B选项意为“为什么科学文本总是过期?”C选项意为新元素是如何被发现的?“D项意为命名元素真是一项颇具程序性的事!”BCD三项不符合题意,故选择A项.4. In the first quarter of 2018, China’s box office overtook North America for the first time to become the biggest in the world. What do foreigners think of Chinese films?Aistrodositu (Germany)The marketing budget of US movies is likely higher than the budget of most non﹣US movies. English is still ________.Information about US or British movies is readily available through sources like the British Film Institute’s Sight and Sound. I find it hard to find information about Chinese movies and buy them, at least with English subtitles(字幕). Some improvements couldbe: more second language speakers of Chinese, raised visibility for Chinese movies through an English publication similar to Sight and Sound that separates the wheat from the chaff, and making movies available via streaming platforms more aggressively.Tomahawk (US)I live in the United States and absolutely love watching Chinese actors and actresses in movies. I think the main problem we have here in the USA is that most of us here have not been trained enough in our lives to become bilingual. Or if we are, it is more common in our public school system to learn French or Spanish as a second language. Unfortunately Mandarin or Cantonese was never an option. China now has a great chance to share with the world the beauty of its people and its culture. I hope Chinese people continue to prosper, so we can all be blessed to see actors like Zhang Ziyi and Gong Li grace movie screens here in America. In the meantime, I will continue to watch with subtitles.Slaphead (UK)I like Chinese films, but the problem is they are often not available in the UK, either ondisk or via streaming services. I only get to see them on flights to Asia. Examples like River Road and To the Fore don’t seem to be picked up by distributors. The distributors seem to take the easy and lazy path of just promoting martial arts films which can often be repetitive.That said, there are a lot of Chinese movies I would not consider my cup of tea: too much magic, wuxia, etc.But that’s up to the audience to decide.I don’t know enough Chinese movies to say that on average their quality is much worse than standard UK fee. But you don’t know what you don’t know.(1)What does the underlined word “the lingua franca” mean?________A.The key factor.B.The common language.C.The basic element.D.The major barrier.(2)What can we know from Tomahawk’s words?________A.He doesn’t like to learn French or Spanish.B.Chinese movies are shot in an elegant way.C.He never watches Chinese movies with subtitles.D.Movies help promote the beauty of Chinese culture.(3)Aistrodositu shares the same opinion with Tomahawk about________.A.encouraging taking Chinese as a second language.B.increasing exposure to Chinese movies.C.the use of streaming platform service.D.improvements on subtitles.(4)What can be inferred from the last paragraph?________A.Chinese movies are well worth the money.B.More options of movies should be offered to the audience.C.Movies with magical effects appeal to the UK viewers.D.British people prefer to watch movies while drinking tea.【答案】BDAB【考点】完形综合阅读理解综合【解析】本文属于说明文阅读,作者通过这篇文章向我们介绍了一些外国人对中国电影的看法.【解答】(1)B.词义猜测题,根据第二段The marketing budget of US movies is likely higherthan the budget of most non﹣US movies. English is still the lingua franca.美国电影的营销预算可能比大多数非美国电影的预算高,英语仍然是通用语言,故选B.(2)D.细节理解题,根据第五段China now has a great chance to share with the world the beauty of its people and its culture. I hope Chinese people continue to prosper, sowe can all be blessed to see actors like Zhang Ziyi and Gong Li grace movie screens here in America.可知《战斧》这个电影可以让人们了解中国的文化,故选D.(3)A.细节理解题,根据第三段Some improvements could be: more second language speakers of Chinese, raised visibility for Chinese movies through an English publication similar to Sight and Sound that separates the wheat from the chaff第四段 Ithink the main problem we have here in the USA is that most of us here have not been trained enough in our lives to become bilingual.可知AistRodoiTu与Tomahawk都鼓励汉语作为第二种语言,故选A.(4)B.推理判断题,根据最后一段 That said, there are a lot of Chinese movies Iwould not consider my cup of tea: too much magic, wuxia, etc.But that’s up to the audience to decide.I don’t know enough Chinese movies to say that on average their quality is much worse than standard UK fee.可知作者认为如今的电影的选择太少,应该向观众提供更多的电影选择,故选B.第二节(满分10分)根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项.选项中有两项为多余选项.Forty years ago,when Marilyn Loden made a speech at the 1978 Women’s Exposition,she didn’t know that a phrase she came up with would still be alive after all these years.“It seemed to me there was an invisible barrier to advance ment that people didn’t recognize.” That barrier, according to her, could all be boiled down to one phrase ﹣“glass ceiling”.(1)_______We’ve seen women achieving bigger and bigger things in cinema, education,politics and even business. But sadly,there’s one field that’s still run mainly by men:science.That’s why it was inspiring when Zhang Miman was given a L’Oreal﹣UNESCO For Women in Science award on March 22.(2)_______ She is the fifth Chinese female scientist to receive this award in its 20﹣year history of celebrating the achievements of women around the world.According to China Daily, the number of women working in science around the world has increased by 12 percent in the past 20 years.(3)_______Indeed, less than 30 percent of researchers are women, and only 3 percent of Nobel prizes for science have been awarded to women.May 24 marks the 40th anniversary of the phrase “glass ceiling”. As Hillary Clinton said in 2008 after she failed her first presidential bid,"we weren’t able to break that high est,hardest glass ceiling this time.(4)_______And the light is shining through like never before, filling us all with the hope and the sure knowledge that the path will be a little easier next time." (5)_______A.But even so, the glass ceiling is still there.B.How hard it was for women to climb the career ladder.C.But thanks to you,it’s got about 18million cracks in it.D.Even though the ceiling is still there, things are changing.E.Since then, there have been major advances in gender equality.F.Zhang was honored for the discoveries on the process of human evolution.G.And with Zhang winning her award, one more crack has been added to the ceiling.【答案】E,F,A,C,G【考点】七选五阅读【解析】本文是一篇选句填空,文章主要介绍了四十年前,当Marilyn Loden在1978届妇女博览会上发表演讲时说的话,现在依旧很有力度.她的一些做法使得性别平等有了重大进展.【解答】EFACG(1)E.语境辨析题.根据后文We’ve seen women achieving bigger and bigger things in cinema, education, politics and even business.可知我们看到女性在电影、教育、政治甚至商业活动中发挥的作用越来越大.E项:Since then, there have been major advances in gender equality.自那时以来,性别平等取得了重大进展.符合文意,故选E.(2)F.文章衔接题.根据后文She is the fifth Chinese female scientist to receive this award in its 20﹣year history of celebrating the achievements of women around the world.可知在庆祝世界各地妇女成就的20年历史中,她是第五位获得这个奖项的中国女性科学家.F项:Zhang was honored for the discoveries on the process of human evolution.张为人类进化过程的发现而感到荣幸.符合文意,故选F.(3)A.联系下文题.根据后文May 24 marks the 40th anniversary of the phrase “glass ceiling”.可知5月24日标志着“玻璃天花板”第四十周年.由此可知,此处应该提到“glass ceiling”(玻璃天花板).A项:But even so, the glass ceiling is still there.但即便如此,“玻璃天花板”仍然存在.符合文意,故选A.(4)C.语境辨析题.根据前文we weren’t able to break that highest, hardest glass ceiling this time.可知这次我们无法打破最高、最硬的玻璃天花板.C项:But thanks to you,it’s got about 18million cracks in it.但多亏了你,它有大约1800万裂缝.符合文意,故选C.(5)G.理解判断题.根据前文And the light is shining through like never before, filling us all with the hope and the sure knowledge that the path will be a little easier next time.可知而光明是前所未有的闪耀,给我们所有的希望和确信的知识,下一次这条路将更容易.G项:And with Zhang winning her award, one more crack has been addedto the ceiling.在张获奖的同时,天花板上又增加了一道裂缝.符合文意,故选G.第三部分英语知识运用(共两节)第一节完形填空(每小题1.5分,满分30分)阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、D)中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑.Recently when the air turned warm and summery, I went for a drive through the local countryside. I had no (1)_______in mind, but the sun was shining and the animalswere out (2)_______for food in the forest. It was a(n)(3)_______ day to be alive.(4)_______ , I came upon a car on the side of the road. I (5)_______ as an older woman got out of her car and walked down to the ditch(沟).I wondered if she might be lost or confused? Maybe she (6)_______ some problems with her car or a medical situation. I became (7)_______ and decided to stop my car to see if I could be of any(8)_______. First I (9)_______ myself, and then I asked if she was all right.She (10)_______ me that she had just stopped to pick up trash that some traveler had thrown (11)_______ out of the window. She(12)_______ me to look inside her carand see how much trash she had already(13)_______.I told her that I write articles for the (14)_______paper and asked her if I could use her name.“Oh heavens no,” she said without (15)_______."I’m not doing this for(16)_______. We live in some beautiful country, and I try to do my little part to help keep it that way."So the next time you go out for a drive, be (17)_______ that there are people out there who choose to be good (18)_______ of the earth. And consider taking some time to keep your little(19)_______ of the roadside clean.You’ll get some exerc ise, fresh air and a good feeling knowing that you have (20)_______ to helping keep our country beautiful.(1)A.destinationB.faithC.matchD.process(2)A.longingB.searchingC.racingD.tracking(3)A.ordinaryB.lonelyC.particularD.glorious(4)A.HoweverB.OtherwiseC.SuddenlyD.Obviously(5)A.arrangedB.admiredC.watchedD.copied(6)A.ran intoB.createdC.worked outD.caused(7)A.amazedB.shockedC.excitedD.concerned(8)A.assistanceB.encouragementC.improvementD.reference(9)A.claimedB.introducedC.conductedd(10)A.remindedB.warnedC.guaranteedrmed(11)A.desperatelyB.normallyC.thoughtlesslyD.deliberately(12)A.promisedB.expectedC.invitedD.challenged(13)A.producedB.collectedC.recycledD.spotted(14)A.popularB.traditionalC.localD.updated(15)A.hesitationB.prideC.regretD.question(16)A.prizeB.memoryC.admissionD.recognition(17)A.preparedB.thankfulC.hopefulD.convinced(18)A.stewardsB.consultantsC.ministersD.announcers(19)A.distanceB.varietyC.areaD.moment(20)A.adaptedB.contributedC.respondedD.added【答案】ABDCCADABDCCBCADBACB【考点】阅读理解综合完形综合【解析】短文主要讲了作者在路上看到一位老太太帮忙捡起游客扔的垃圾而颇有感受,我们每个人都应保持我们地球的干净.【解答】(1)A.名词的辨析,destination目的地,faith信念,match比赛,process过程,此处指作者开车在乡下,漫无目的,故答案为A.(2)B.动名词的辨析,longing渴望,searching搜寻,racing比赛,tracking跟踪,此处指动物在森林里寻找食物,故答案为B.(3)D.形容词的辨析,ordinary寻常的,lonely孤独的,paticular特别的,glorious辉煌的,看到这些景色,作者认为活着是极好的,故答案为D.(4)C.副词的辨析,however然而,otherwise不然的话,suddenly突然,obviously显然地,此处指突然在路边遇到一辆车,故答案为C.(5)C.动词的辨析,arrange安排,admire欣赏,watch观看,copy复制,我看到一位老妇人下车走向河沟,故答案为C.(6)A.动词的辨析,ran into偶遇,created创造,worked out解决,caused引起,作者猜想她可能车有什么问题,故答案为A.(7)D.形容词的辨析,amazed惊奇的,shocked震惊的,excited兴奋的,concerned担忧的,作者担心老妇人发生什么事,故答案为D.(8)A.名词的辨析,assistance帮助,encouragement鼓励,improvement改善,reference参考,作者决定停车看看有什么能帮上忙的,故答案为A.(9)B.动词的辨析,claimed声称,introduced介绍,conducted实施,named命名,作者先进行了自我介绍,故答案为B.(10)D.动词的辨析,reminded提醒,warned警告,guaranteed保证,informed告知,老妇人告诉我她停车时为了捡垃圾,故答案为D.(11)C.副词的辨析,desperately绝望地,normally正常地,thoughtlessly草率地,deliberately故意地,此处指那些游客随便就从窗户扔垃圾出来,故答案为C.(12)C.动词的辨析,promise承诺,expect期待,invite邀请,challenge挑战,她邀请我看看她车里面捡了多少垃圾,故答案为C.(13)B.动词的辨析,produce生产,collect收集,recycle回收,spot看到,她邀请我看看她车里面捡了多少垃圾,故答案为B.(14)C.形容词的辨析,popular受欢迎的,traditional传统的,local当地的,updated更新的,我告诉她我给当地的报纸写了文章,故答案为C.(15)A.名词的辨析,hesitation犹豫,pride自豪,regret后悔,question问题,此处指她毫不犹豫地回答,故答案为A.(16)D.名词的辨析,prize奖励,memory记忆,admission许可,recognition认可,老太太说她这么做不是为了得到别人的认可,故答案为D.(17)B.形容词的辨析,prepared准备好的,thankful感恩的,hopeful有希望的,convinced信服的,此处指要对那些做好事的人心存感恩,故答案为B.(18)A.名词的辨析,stewards乘务员,consultants顾问,ministers部长,announcers播音员,此处指作为生活在地球上的人,使用stewards,可以表示“组织者,管家”,故答案为A.(19)C.名词的辨析,distance距离,variety种类,area区域,moment时刻,此处要花点时间保持你所在区域的干净,故答案为C.(20)B.动词的辨析,adapted适应,contributed捐献,responded对…作出反应,added增加,当你为保持国家的美丽而作出贡献,你也会很开心,故答案为B.第二节(每小题1.5分,满分15分)阅读下面材料,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式.To reach one local restaurant, a bowl of Chinese noodles travels across the Eurasian continent and settles on the Scandinavian Peninsula,(1)________ (place) before hungry people visiting the home of Santa Claus.A Chinese man brought local dishes reganmian and hot pot to Rovaniemi, Finland,becoming the first Chinese (2)________(open) an restaurant in the Arctic Circle.Hu Liang,from Central China’s Hubei province, migrated to Finland after graduation at 21. Twelve years on, he (3)________ (see) more and more Chinese tourists visiting the country to enjoy the winter holiday, Aurora Borealis ﹣ and of course, the purported (传说的)home of Santa Claus."Chinese people are becoming (4)________(rich) and more international.(5)________ has not changed is their(6)________(stomach). So I made (7)________decision to open the restaurant."Hu’s restaurant serves reganmian, a traditional Wuhan noodle dish with spicy flavor and a sesame paste (芝麻酱) dressing, as well as Chinese hotpot. He orders food materials from Chinese trade corporations through e﹣commence platforms and (8)________(offer) e﹣payment popular among Chinese people such as Alipay.(9)________ a price of 15 euro ($18.45), a bowl of reganmian is not only great comfort for Chinese tourists who have traveled from thousands of miles(10)________,but also an attraction to local Finns.【答案】placed,to open,has seen,richer,What,stomachs,the/that,offers,At,away【考点】说明文语法填空【解析】本文讲述一名中国男子成为第一个在北极圈开餐馆的中国人.还介绍了参观的一些面食.【解答】1.placed,考查过去分词,place和a bowl of Chinese noodles 之间是被动关系,所以用过去分词作后置定语.2. to open,考查不定式,序数词后跟不定式作后置定语.3. has seen,考查时态,从时间状语Twelve years on可知,指从过去持续到现在,所以用现在完成时态.4.richer,考查比较级,和后面的more international一起并列作表语,所以用比较级.5. What,考查主语从句,从句中缺少主语,表示“…的东西”,所以用what引导.6. stomachs,考查名词的数,stomach为可数名词,前面有their,所以用复数.7. the/that,考查特指,后面有不定式作定语限制,所以是特指,可以用定冠词或that.8. offers,考查主谓一致,主语为he,所以用第三人称单数谓语.9. At,考查固定搭配,at a price of以…的价格.10. away,考查副词,away表示“距离、离开”.第四部分写作(共两节)第一节短文改错(满分10分)假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文.文中共有10处语言错误,每句最多有两处.每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除和修改.增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),并在其下面写出该加的词.删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉.修改:在错的词下画一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词.注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;2.只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分.My sister was fond of traveling. After graduating, she has been determined to organizefor a trip to an old temple. Since transporting fare was expensive, she decided to cycle there not care about the disadvantages. Her stubborn attitude was always her shortcoming. Finally, we gave in as usually though we preferred to take a train. Her journey was along a river flowing to a high altitude. It frequently had many sharp bends through deep valley, where the water seemed to boil. It was really hard journey. So we also enjoyed great views. At night, I lie beneath the stars, finding the sky so beautiful! 【答案】My sister was fond of traveling. After graduating, she has been determined to organizefor a trip to an old temple. Since transporting fare was expensive, she decided to cycle there not care about the disadvantages. Her stubborn attitude was always her shortcoming. Finally, we gave in as usually though we preferred to take a train.Her journey was along a river flowing to a high altitude. It frequently had many sharp bends through deep valley, where the water seemed to boil. It was really∧ hard journey. Sowe also enjoyed great views. At night, I lie beneath the stars, finding the sky so beautiful!解析1.has ﹣had.考查谓语动词的时态.根据 After graduating 可知她决定组织一次去古庙的旅行,发生在过去的旅行之前,所以用谓语动词用过去完成时态,所以has 改为had.2.去掉for.考查介词. organize是及物动词,所以直接修饰宾语a trip ,不需要介词.3. care﹣caring.考查非谓语动词.做she decided to cycle there not的伴随状语,用现在分词caring ,表示和主语she的主动关系.4. usually﹣usual.考查固定短语.表示“像平时一样”,用固定短语as usual.5. Her﹣Our.考查代词.根据上句的主语 we ,可知我们都去了,所以用物主代词Our修饰名词 journey.6. to﹣from.考查介词.按照常理可知河流从高海拔流向低海拔,所以用 from修饰a high altitude.7. valley﹣valleys.考查名词.根据many sharp bends 可知有很多的山谷,所以用复数valleys.8.hard前加a.考查冠词.表示“一次艰难的旅行”,用不定冠词a修饰hard journey.9. So﹣But.考查连词.we also enjoyed great views表示“我们也欣赏到了很棒的景色”,和上句是转折关系,所以用But.10. 1ie﹣lay.考查谓语动词的时态.根据上文可知本句表示过去的事,所以谓语动词用过去式lay.【考点】记叙文短文改错【解析】我姐姐喜欢旅游.毕业后,她决定组织一次去古庙的旅行.由于运输费用昂贵,她决定骑车去那里,她的旅程是沿着一条河流.它经常有许多陡峭的弯道穿过深谷,那里的水似乎沸腾了.这真是一次艰苦的旅行.但是我们也欣赏到了很棒的景色.晚上,我躺在圣殿下面.发现天空如此美丽!【解答】My sister was fond of traveling. After graduating, she has been determined to organizefor a trip to an old temple. Since transporting fare was expensive, she decided to cycle there not care about the disadvantages. Her stubborn attitude was always her shortcoming. Finally, we gave in as usually though we preferred to take a train.Her journey was along a river flowing to a high altitude. It frequently had many sharp bends through deep valley, where the water seemed to boil. It was really∧ hard journey. Sowe also enjoyed great views. At night, I lie beneath the stars, finding the sky so beautiful!解析1.has ﹣had.考查谓语动词的时态.根据 After graduating 可知她决定组织一次去古庙的旅行,发生在过去的旅行之前,所以用谓语动词用过去完成时态,所以has 改为had.2.去掉for.考查介词. organize是及物动词,所以直接修饰宾语a trip ,不需要介词.3. care﹣caring.考查非谓语动词.做she decided to cycle there not的伴随状语,用现在分词caring ,表示和主语she的主动关系.4. usually﹣usual.考查固定短语.表示“像平时一样”,用固定短语as usual.5. Her﹣Our.考查代词.根据上句的主语 we ,可知我们都去了,所以用物主代词Our修饰名词 journey.6. to﹣from.考查介词.按照常理可知河流从高海拔流向低海拔,所以用 from修饰a high altitude.7. valley﹣valleys.考查名词.根据many sharp bends 可知有很多的山谷,所以用复数valleys.8.hard前加a.考查冠词.表示“一次艰难的旅行”,用不定冠词a修饰hard journey.9. So﹣But.考查连词.we also enjoyed great views表示“我们也欣赏到了很棒的景色”,和上句是转折关系,所以用But.10. 1ie﹣lay.考查谓语动词的时态.根据上文可知本句表示过去的事,所以谓语动词用过去式lay.第二节书面表达(满分25分)假定你是李华,校学生会组织学生下周六开展关爱自闭症儿童(children with autism)义演活动。
厦门外国语学校2017-2018学年高三适应性考试理科综合物理试题二、选择题:本题共8小题,每小题6分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中,第14~17题只有一项符合题目要求,第18~21题有多项符合题目要求。
全部选对的得6分,选对但不全的得3分,有选错的得0分。
1. 下列有关四幅图的说法中,正确的是A. 粒子散射实验促使玻尔改进了卢瑟福的原子核模型B. 在光颜色保持不变的情况下,入射光越强,饱和光电流越大C. 放射线甲由粒子组成,每个粒子带两个单位正电荷D. 该链式反应属于原子核的聚变反应,链式反应需大于临界体积才能够进行【答案】B【解析】卢瑟福通过粒子散射实验推翻了汤姆逊原子枣糕模型,建立了原子核式结构模型,故A错误;在光颜色保持不变的情况下,入射光越强,单位时间内发出光电子数目越多,饱和电流越大,故B正确;根据左手定则知,甲带负电,为电子,故C错误;该链式反应属于原子核的裂变反应,故D错误.2. 如图所示是某物体做直线运动的图象(其中v为速度,x为位置坐标),下列关于物体从x=0处运动至x=x0处的过程分析,其中正确的是A. 该物体做匀加速直线运动B. 该物体的加速度大小为C. 当该物体的速度大小为时,位移大小为D. 当该物体的位移大小为时,速度大小为【答案】C【解析】试题分析:根据匀变速直线运动的速度位移关系公式来分析与x之间的关系,再根据图象进行分析即可分析物体的运动性质,求得加速度.由运动学公式研究即可.由匀变速直线运动的速度位移关系公式可得,可知物体的加速度恒定不变,由于物体的速度减小,故物体做匀减速直线运动,故A错误;由知,图象的斜率绝对值等于2a,由图可得,则得物体的加速度大小为,故B错误;当该物体速度大小为时,,由图可得:,故C正确;当该物体位移大小为时,由图可得,故D错误.3. 如图所示,理想变压器原线圈两端A、B接在电动势为E=8V,内阻为的交流电源上,理想变压器的副线圈两端与滑动变阻器相连,变压器原副线圈的匝数比为1:2,当电源输出功率最大时A. 滑动变阻器的阻值B. 最大输出功率P=4WC. 变压器的输出电流D. 滑动变阻器的阻值【答案】D【解析】当外电路电压等于内电路电压时电源输出功率最大,即,而且,故,根据欧姆定律可得,故根据可得副线圈中的电流为,根据可得副线圈两端的电压,故,最大输出功率为,故D正确.【点睛】当外电路电阻和内电路电阻相等时,输出功率最大,也可以表示为外电路电压和内电路电压相等时输出功率最大4. 已知地球两极的重力加速度大小为,赤道上的重力加速度大小为g。
厦门外国语学校2018届高三适应性考试 理科数学试题 2018-5-30(时间:120 分钟;满分:150分) 第Ⅰ卷 (选择题 共60分)一、选择题:本大题共12小题,每小题5分,共60分.在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的.1.复数()i z a a =+∈R 的共轭复数为z ,满足1z =,则复数z =( )A .2i +B .2i -C .1i +D .i2. 设集合{}2log ,04A y y x x ==<≤,集合{}1xB x e =>,则A B 等于 ( )A. (0,2)B.(]0,2C. (],2-∞D. R3. 已知命题:p 在ABC ∆中,若sin sin A B =,则A B =;命题():0,q x π∀∈,1sin 2sin x x+>. 则下列命题为真命题的是( )A .p q ∧B .()p q ∨⌝ C.()()p q ⌝∧⌝ D .()p q ⌝∨4. 已知公差不为0的等差数列{}n a 满足4123a a a ⋅= ,n S 为数列{}n a 的前n 项和,则3253S S S S --的值为( ) A. 2-B. 3-C. 2D. 35.我国成功申办2022年第24届冬季奥林匹克运动会,届时冬奥会的高山速降运动将给我们以速度与激情的完美展现,某选手的速度ξ服从正态分布()()2100,,0σσ>,若ξ在()80,120内的概率为7.0,则他速度超过120的概率为( ) A.0.05B.0.1C.0.15D.0.26. 已知1tan 4tan θθ+=,则2cos 4πθ⎛⎫+= ⎪⎝⎭ ( )A.15B.14C.13D.127.元朝著名数学家朱世杰在《四元玉鉴》中有一首诗:“我有一壶酒,携着游春走,遇 店添一倍,逢友饮一斗,店友经四处,没了壶中酒,借问此壶中,当原多少酒?”用程序框图表达如图所示,即最终输出的0x =,则一开始输入的x 的值为( ) A .34 B .1516 C .78 D .31328. 已知实数,x y 满足122022x y x y x y -≤⎧⎪-+≥⎨⎪+≥⎩,若z x ay =-只在点(4,3)处取得最大值,则a 的取值范围是( ) A. (,1)-∞-B. (2,)-+∞C. (,1)-∞D. 1()2+∞,9. 将函数2sin (0)y x ωω=>的图象向左平移(0)2ϕπϕω<≤个单位长度后,再将所得的图象向下平移一个单位长度得到函数()y g x =的图象,且()y g x =的图象与直线1y =相邻两个交点的距离为π,若()1g x >-对任意(,)123x ππ∈-恒成立,则ϕ的取值范围是( ) A. [,]122ππB. [,]63ππC. [,]123ππD. [,]62ππ10.将数字1,2,3,4,5,6书写在每一个骰子的六个表面上,做成6枚一 样的骰子,分别取三枚同样的这种骰子叠放成如图A 和B 所示的两个柱体, 则柱体A 和B 的表面(不含地面)数字之和分别是 ( ) A .47,48 B .47,49 C .49,50 D .50,4911.已知O 是坐标原点,双曲线221(1)x y a a -=>与椭圆)1(1222>=++a y a x 的一个交点为P , 点)0,1(+a Q ,则POQ ∆的面积为 ( ) A.2aB. aC. 1D.1212.已知点P 是曲线sin ln y x x =+上任意一点,记直线OP (O 为坐标系原点)的斜率为k ,则( )A .至少存在两个点P 使得1k =-B .对于任意点P 都有0k <C .对于任意点P 都有1k <D .存在点P 使得1k ≥第Ⅱ卷 (非选择题 共90分)二、填空题:本大题共4小题,每小题5分,共20分.13. nx ⎛⎝的展开式中仅有第4项的二项式系数最大,则该展开式的常数项是__________.14.抛物线22(0)y px p =>的准线被圆22+230x y x +-=所截得的线段长为4,则P = _____ 15.在ABC ∆中,BC 边上的中垂线分别交边,BC AC 于点,D E .若38==⋅BC AE ,则=AC.16.已知棱长为1的正方体有一个内切球(如图),E 为面底ABCD 的中心,1A E 与球相交于FE ,则EF 的长为_______.三、解答题:本大题共6小题,共70分.解答应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤. 17 已知数列{}n a 满足2*22cos,2n n a n N π=+∈,等差数列{}n b 满足11222,a b a b ==. (1)记212122n n n n n c a b a b --=+,求数列{}n c 的通项公式n c ; (2)求数列{}n n a b 的前2n 项和2n S .18. (12分)在三棱锥A BCD -中,2AB AD BD ===,BC DC ==2AC =.(1)求证:BD AC ⊥;(2)点P 为AC 上一动点,设θ为直线BP 与平面ACD 所形成的角,求sin θ的最大值.19. (12分)在贯彻中共中央国务院关于精准扶贫政策的过程中,某单位定点帮扶甲、乙两个村各50户贫困户.为了 做到精B 1准帮扶,工作组对这100户村民的年收入情况、劳动能力情况、子女受教育情况、危旧房情况、 患病情况等进行调查,并把调查结果转化为各户的贫困指标x 和y ,制成下图,其中“*”表示甲村贫困户,“+”表示乙村贫困户.若00.6x <<,则认定该户为“绝对贫困户”,若0.60.8x ≤≤,则认定该户为“相对贫困户”,若0.81x <≤,则认定该户为“低收入户”;若100y ≥,则认定该户为“今年能脱贫户”,否则为“今年不 能脱贫户”.(1)从甲村50户中随机选出一户,求该户为“今年不能脱贫的绝对贫困户”的概率; (2)若从所有“今年不能脱贫的非绝对贫困户”中选3户,用ξ表示所选3户中乙村的户数,求ξ的分布列和数学期望()E ξ;(3)试比较这100户中,甲、乙两村指标y 的方差的大小(只需写出结论).20. (12分)线段AB 为圆M :2221060x y x y ++-+=的一条直径,其端点A ,B 在抛物线C :22(0)x py p => 上,且A ,B 两点到抛物线C 焦点的距离之和为212. (1)求直径AB 所在的直线方程;(2)过M 点的直线交抛物线C 于P ,Q 两点,抛物线C 在P ,Q 处的切线相交于N 点,求PQN ∆面积的最小值.21. (12分)已知为自然对数的底数,e R m R a mx ex f ax ∈∈-=-,,2)(1.(1)当1=a 时,若函数)(x f 存在与直线x y 2=平行的切线,求实数m 的取值范围; (2)当0=m 时,xxx g ln )(=,若)()()(x g x f x h -=的最小值是a ,求a 的最小值.(二)选考题:共10分。
2018年高三英语5月适应性考试题(厦门市带答案)year-olds in her class when one of the girls turned to her and asked, “Is your mom dead?”She never came to school like the other mothers to volunteer in the library or help the teachers It was always Margeaux’s dad who did thatMargeaux reached for her laptop, typed a feords into Google and showed her classmate a list of hits with her mother’s name and job titles, from chief information officer at Salesforce to her current role as vice-president of technology business oper ations at PayPal “See, my mom’s not dead,” she said “My mom’s famo us”Kirsten Wolberg, 45, tells this story with pride She doesn’t fall into the guilt trap these days when she has to miss a school play Instead she is content that her two daughters are growing up with such a strong role model a woman in a high-powered job in Silicon ValleyLong before either of her kids was bom , Wolberg and her future husband Michael had a conversation about hothey would divide household and childcare duties “I said, ‘Listen ,one of the things that’s really important to me is to have a parent at home full time,,” she remembers “ 4And it can’t be me,”Michael Wolberg, 43,worked for years for a pharmaceutical distributor But when Margeaux was bom, he quit — or retired, as he likes to say — to bee a stay-at-home dad And he hasn’t looked back The relative quiet of spending 12 hours a day alone with a child suits his personality better than an office, he。
厦门外国语学校2018届高三适应性考试 文科数学试题2018-5-30(时间:120 分钟;满分:150分)注意事项:1.本科考试分试题卷和答题卷,考生须在答题卷指定位置上作答,答题前,请在答题卷的密封线内填写学校、班级、考号、姓名.2.本试卷分为第Ⅰ卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分.第Ⅰ卷 (选择题 共60分)一. 选择题:本大题共12小题,每小题5分,共60分.在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的.1.若集合2lg x M x y x -⎧⎫==⎨⎬⎩⎭, {}1N x x =<,则M N ⋃= ( )A.()01,B. ()02,C. ()2-∞,D. ()0+∞, 2.已知复数22iiZ +-=(i 为虚数单位),则复数Z 的共轭复数Z 的虚部为 ( )A .i B. i - C.1 D. 1- 3.若样本1231,1,1,,1n x x x x ++++的平均数是10,方差为2,则对于样本122,2,,2n x x x +++,下列结论正确的是 ( )A .平均数为10,方差为2B .平均数为11,方差为3 C. 平均数为11,方差为2 D .平均数为12,方差为4 4.若3π1cos 23α⎛⎫-= ⎪⎝⎭,且2π2πα-≤≤,则sin 2a 的值为 ( )A .429-B .229- C .229D .4295.已知等差数列{}n a 的公差不为0,11a =,且2a ,4a ,8a 成等比数列, 设{}n a 的前n 项和为n S ,则n S =( )A .()12n n +B .()212n + C .212n +D .()34n n +6.执行如图所示的程序框图,输出的S 值为 ( )开始结束是否1,0k S ==()11S S k k =++2018?k <1k k =+输出SA .12018 B .12019 C .20172018 D .201820197.设,x y 满足约束条件⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧≤--≥-+≥-020202y x y x y x ,则22y x ++的最大值为( )A. 1B.45 C. 12 D. 238.中国古代数学名著《九章算术》中记载了公元前344年商鞅督造一种标准量器———商鞅铜方升,其三 视图如图所示(单位:寸),若π取3,其体积为12.6(立方寸),则图中的x 为 ( )A. 1.6B. 1.8C. 2.0D. 2.4 9. 已知为定义在 上的偶函数,且,当时,,记,则的大小关系为 ( )A.B.C.D.10.已知函数)0(cos 22)(>-=ωωx x f 的图象关于点3π,04⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭对称.且()f x 在区间2π0,3⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭上单调,则ω的值为( ) A .2 B .103 C .23 D .3811.等比数列{}n a 的首项为32,公比为12-,前n 项和为n S ,则当*n ∈N 时,1n n S S -的最大值与最小值的比值为( ) A .125-B .107-C .109D .12512.已知对任意21e e x ⎡⎤∈⎢⎥⎣⎦,不等式2e xa x >恒成立(其中e 271828=⋅⋅⋅.是自然对数的底数),则实数a 的取值范围是( ) A .e 02⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭, B .()0e , C .()2e -∞-, D .24e ⎛⎫-∞ ⎪⎝⎭,第Ⅱ卷 (非选择题 共90分)二.填空题:本大题共4小题,每小题5分,共20分..14.若两个非零向量a 、b 满足2+=-=a b a b b ,则向量+a b 与a 的夹角为__________.15. 设点错误!未找到引用源。
2018年高三理综5月适应性考试试题(厦门市带答案)
12页,共12页。
满分300分,考试时间150分钟。
注意事项
1答题前,考生务必先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答題卡上,并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上指定位置。
2答题要求,见答题卡上的“填涂举例”和“注意事项”
相对原子质量(原子量)0-16 Cu-64
第I卷(必考)
本卷共18题,每小题6分,共108分。
在下列各题的四个选项中,只有一个选项是正确的。
1在人体内,免疫系统通过吞噬细胞
A细胞膜上的受体识别某一特定的抗原 B利用细胞膜的选择透过性摄取病原体
C摄取病原体并由溶酶体氧化分解D将处理后的抗原传递给T淋巴细胞
2研究发现,汞离子对植物的细胞膜、线粒体的嵴和叶绿体的类囊体有破坏作用。
植物受汞污染后
A有氧呼吸第二阶段减弱,导致第一、第三阶段减弱
B有氧呼吸第三阶段减弱,第一、第二阶段不受影响
C叶肉细胞的光反应速率下降,导致暗反应速率下降
D根尖细胞吸收无机盐的能力下降,吸水能力不受影响
3H5N1是一种能够逆转录的RNA病毒,其侵入哺乳动物的呼吸道上皮细胞后,合成的HA 蛋白能够引起细胞凋亡。
相关分析合理的是AHA蛋白诱导呼吸道上皮细胞中某些基因的突变,进而引起细胞的凋亡
B侵人细胞后,病毒遗传信息的传递途径是RNA→DNA→RNA→蛋白质
C在呼吸道上皮细胞的核糖体中,合成HA蛋白的原料由病毒自身。
福建省厦门外国语学校高三理综下学期5月适应性考试(最后压轴模拟)试题厦门外国语学校2018届高三理综校模拟考试卷可能用到的相对原子质量:H 1 N 14 O 16 Na 23 Al 27 S 32 Pt 195第I卷(126分)一、选择题:本题共13小题,每小题6分,在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的1.下列有关细胞结构和功能的叙述中,正确的是A.由纤维素组成的植物细胞骨架与细胞形态的维持有关B.肺炎双球菌的拟核区域有一个大型链状DNA分子C.台盼蓝染液可使动物死细胞染成蓝色D.吡罗红甲基绿染色剂使用时不用现配2.给正常家兔静脉注射一定量的高渗葡萄糖溶液后,家兔体内将发生一定变化,一段时间后恢复正常。
注射后随即发生的变化是A.肝糖原的分解增加B.血浆渗透压迅速升高C.红细胞吸水增加D.抗利尿激素分泌减少3.为探究不同浓度酒精对细胞的毒害作用,某同学取面积相等的7组洋葱内表皮分别用6种不同体积分数的酒精溶液和蒸馏水进行处理后,分别制成临时装片,在盖玻片一侧滴某浓度胭脂红溶液(不能透过原生质层的活体染料),另一侧用吸水纸吸引,重复多次,在显微镜下观察并统计发生质壁分离的细胞所占的比例,结果如图。
下列叙述错误的是A.该洋葱内表皮细胞的细胞液浓度低于所滴加的胭脂红溶液浓度B.发生质壁分离的洋葱内表皮细胞的液泡膜与细胞壁之间呈红色C.用吸水纸多次吸引的目的是让所有内表皮细胞浸润在胭脂红溶液中D.体积分数30%以上的酒精导致洋葱内表皮细胞原生质层丧失选择透过性4.植物激素甲、乙、丙和生长素类似物NAA的作用模式如下图所示。
图中的“+”表示促进作用,“-”表示抑制作用。
下列有关叙述中,错误的是A.植物体内,合成激素甲的主要部位是根冠和萎蔫的叶片B.激素乙与激素丙之间的作用,生物学上称之为协同作用C.激素丙与靶细胞上的受体结合后,能影响靶细胞内基因的表达D.用激素丙的类似物处理插条的方法中,浸泡法要求溶液的浓度较高5.下列叙述不属于人类常染色体显性遗传病遗传特征的是A.男性与女性的患病概率相同B.患者的双亲中至少有一人为患者C.患者家系中会出现连续几代都有患者的情况D.若双亲均无患者,则子代的发病率最大为3/46.将某一细胞核DNA被3H充分标记的雄性动物细胞(染色体数为2N)置于不含3H的培养液中培养,并经过连续两次细胞分裂。
福建省厦门外国语学校2018 届高三 5 月适应性考试英语试卷本试卷分第Ⅰ卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分,第Ⅰ卷第 1 页至第 13 页,第Ⅱ卷第14 页至第 15 页。
全卷满分150 分。
第一卷(选择题满分115 分)第一部分听力(共两节,满分30 分)做题前先将答题标在试卷上。
录音内容结束后,你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节(共 5 小题,每题 1.5 分,满分7.5 分)听下边 5 段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、 B、 C 三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应地点。
听完每段对话后,你都有10 秒钟的时间往返答相关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
1.What does the man suggest doing?A. Buying a new bookshelf.B. Selling their old table.C. Making room for a bookshelf.2.What are the speakers talking about?A. The man ’ s sister.B. A film.C. An actor.3.How much would the rent be for two weeks?A. 150 dollars.B. 300 dollars.C. 400 dollars.4.What can we learn from the conversation?A. It might rain the next day.B. The speakers have to buy food.C. The woman will not go on a picnic.5.Where are the speakers?A. In a planeB. At the airport.C. At the railway station.听下边一段对话,回答第 6 至第 8 三个小题。
2018届厦门外国语学校高三适应性考试英语本试卷分第I卷(选择题)和第II卷(非选择题)两部分。
第I卷1-8页,第II卷9—10页。
满分150分.第I卷第一部分听力理解(共两节,满分30分)做题时,先将答案标在试卷上。
录音内容结束后,你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节(共5小题;每小题1。
5分,满分7。
5分)听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题, 从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项, 并标在试卷的相应位置.听完每段对话后, 你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
例:How much is the shirt?A. £19. 15.B. £9。
15. C。
£9。
18。
答案是B。
1. What does the man probably like best?A. Food.B. Nature.C. Music.2. What do the speakers want their teacher to do?A。
Come to class on time。
B. Get more patient with them。
C。
Let them know the answers earlier.3. Why does the man apologize to the woman?A。
He can’t lend her his camera。
B。
He won’t attend her wedding.C。
He 's unable to take photos of her.4. What are the speakers mainly talking about?A。
Traffic. B。
Factories. C。
Pollution.5. What does the woman mean?A. Norman Starman III is worth seeing.B. The man should have known the film.C。
福建省厦门外国语学校2018届高三下学期5月适应性考试(最后压轴模拟)理综-化学试题1. 化学与生产、生活密切相关,下列说法错误的是A. 生活污水进行脱氮、脱磷处理可以减少水体富营养化B. 食品袋中装有硅胶的小纸包的作用是防止食品受潮C. 爆竹燃放过程中,硫燃烧直接生成三氧化硫D. 草木灰不能与铵态氮肥混合施用【答案】C【解析】分析:本题考查的是化学知识在具体的生产生活中的应用,进行判断时,应该先考虑清楚对应化学物质的成分,再结合题目说明判断该过程的化学反应或对应物质的性质即可解答。
详解:A.大量含氮含磷的生活污水的排放会造成水体的富营养化,所以选项A正确。
B.硅胶是一种常用干燥剂,食品袋中加入装有硅胶的小纸包能起到防止食品受潮的作用,选项B正确。
C.S燃烧只能生成二氧化硫,二氧化硫要在催化剂加热的条件下才能与氧气反应得到三氧化硫,选项C 错误。
D.草木灰的主要成分为碳酸钾,与铵态氮肥混合时,碳酸根对铵根离子的水解起到促进作用,降低了肥效,选项D正确。
2. 《天工开物》记载:“凡埏泥造瓦,掘地二尺余,择取无砂粘土而为之”,“凡坯既成,干燥之后,则堆积窑中燃薪举火”,“浇水转釉(主要为青色),与造砖同法”。
下列说法错误的是A. 粘土是制砖瓦和水泥的主要原料B. “燃薪举火”使粘土发生复杂的物理化学变化C. 沙子的主要成分为硅酸盐D. 泥坯烧制后自然冷却成红瓦,浇水冷却成青瓦【答案】C【解析】分析:根据题目的表述,仔细理解题中引用的文言文的含义(也不需要理解的很清楚,理解大概含义,借助选项中的叙述理解),再思考对应的化学物质和反应。
详解:A.由题目的“择取无砂粘土而为之”,说明粘土是制砖瓦和水泥的主要原料,所以选项A正确。
B.“燃薪举火”是提供高温的环境,使粘土发生复杂的物理化学变化,选项B正确。
C.沙子的主要成分为二氧化硅,选项C错误。
D.粘土中有一定量的Fe元素,泥坯烧制后自然冷却成红瓦(含氧化铁),浇水冷却时C与水反应得到CO 和H2,将三价铁还原为二价,形成成青瓦,选项D正确。
3. 作为“血迹检测小王子”,鲁米诺反应在刑侦中扮演了重要的角色,其一种合成原理如图所示。
下列有关说法正确的是A. 鲁米诺的化学式为C8H6N3O2B. 1 mol A分子最多可以与5 mol氢气发生加成反应C. B中处于同一平面的原子有9个D. (1)、(2)两步的反应类型分别为取代反应和还原反应【答案】D【解析】分析:根据图示,分析各个物质的官能团,判断反应的断键和成键情况,再逐个选项分析即可。
详解:A.鲁米诺的化学式为C8H7N3O2,所以选项A错误。
B.1 mol A分子中最多可以与3 mol氢气发生加成反应,羧基是不与氢气加成的,所以选项B错误。
C.只要分子中有一个苯环,就至少保证有12个原子共平面,选项C错误。
D.反应(1)是A脱去羟基,N2H4脱去氢,生成B和2个水分子的取代反应;反应(2)是用亚硫酸钠将分子中的硝基还原为氨基,所以选项D正确。
点睛:本题的反应(1)可以理解为是两步取代,第一步是A与N2H4取代,脱去1分子水得到:,该分子再进行分子内的取代,得到。
4. 用下列实验装置进行相应实验,设计正确且能达到实验目的的是A. 甲用于实验室制取少量CO2B. 乙用于配制一定物质的量浓度的硫酸C. 丙用于模拟生铁的电化学腐蚀D. 丁用于蒸干A1Cl3溶液制备无水AlC13【答案】C【解析】分析:本题考查的是化学实验的基本知识。
根据图示和对应的文字说明,思考每个实验要求的要点,进而选择合适的答案。
..................B.实验室配制一定浓度的硫酸时,应该先将量取的浓硫酸在烧杯中稀释,再转移至容量瓶定容,所以选项B错误。
C.装置左侧干燥环境不发生腐蚀,右侧发生吸氧腐蚀,因为氧气被吸收,所以中间的红墨水左侧低右侧高,选项C正确。
D.蒸干A1Cl3溶液的过程中考虑到Al3+的水解,得到氢氧化铝,再受热分解得到氧化铝,所以选项D错误。
5. W是由短周期非金属主族元素X、Y按原子个数比3∶1组成的化合物。
元素周期表中,Y在X的下一周期。
下列叙述正确的是A. Y的最高正价一定大于XB. Y的原子半径可能小于XC. W只能是无机物D. W的水溶液一定显酸性【答案】A【解析】分析:本题有一定的难度,应该首先猜测原子个数比1:3的化合物都有什么,再带入题目选项进行验证。
详解:W是由短周期非金属主族元素X、Y按原子个数比3∶1组成的化合物,所以可以猜测X和Y的化合价为+1价和-3价(NH3),或者X和Y的化合价为-2价和+6价(SO3),或者X和Y的化合价为-1价和+3价(PF3),还要考虑可能是有机物这一特殊情况(C2H6)。
注意题目要求元素都是非金属,且Y在X的下一周期。
A.NH3、SO3、PF3、C2H6四种物质中都保持Y的最高正价大于X(注意:O和F煤油最高正价),所以选项A正确。
B.NH3、SO3、PF3、C2H6四种物质中都保持Y的原子半径大于X,所以选项B错误。
C.W可以是C2H6属于有机物,选项C错误。
D.W如果是氨气,水溶液显碱性,选项D错误。
6. 全钒液流电池装置如图,电解液在电解质储罐和电池间不断循环。
下列说法错误的是A. 充电时,氢离子通过交换膜移向右侧B. 充电时,电源负极连接a电极C. 放电时装置发生的总反应为:VO2++V2++2H+=VO2++V3++H2OD. 质子交换膜可阻止VO2+与V2+直接发生反应【答案】B【解析】分析:本题是一道比较常规的考查电化学知识的试题。
解题时应该从图示入手,按照放电的箭头,判断原电池正负极,再按照四个选项的叙述,进行分析。
详解:根据图示的放电箭头,a电极上的反应是VO2+中的+5价V得电子转化为VO2+中的+4价V,所以a 为正极,b为负极。
A.充电(电解)时,阳离子应该向阴极(负极)移动,所以氢离子应该通过交换膜移向右侧,选项A正确。
B.电池充电时,正极转化为充电的阳极,负极转化为充电的阴极,所以电源负极应该连接b电极,选项B 错误。
C.根据放电的箭头得到,放电时的反应物有:VO2+和V2+,生成物为:VO2+和V3+,所以放电时装置发生的总反应为:VO2++V2++2H+=VO2++V3++H2O(中间是质子交换膜,所以可以在反应物中补充氢离子),选项C正确。
D.质子交换膜只能允许H+通过,所以可阻止VO2+与V2+直接发生反应,选项D正确。
7. 室温下,某二元碱X(OH)2水溶液中相关组分的物质的量分数随溶液pH变化的曲线如图所示,下列说法错误的是A. K b2的数量级为10-8B. X(OH)NO3水溶液显碱性C. 等物质的量的X(NO3)2和X(OH)NO3混合溶液中c(X2+)>c[X(OH)+]D. 在X(OH)NO3水溶液中,c[X(OH)2]+c(OH-)= c(X2+)+ c(H+)【答案】C【解析】分析:本题是一道图形比较熟悉的题目,不过题目将一般使用的二元酸变为了二元碱,所以在分析图示时要随时注意考查的是多元碱的分步电离。
详解:A.选取图中左侧的交点数据,此时,pH=6.2,c[X(OH)+]=c(X2+),所以K b2=,选项A正确。
B.X(OH)NO3水溶液中X的主要存在形式为X(OH)+,由图示X(OH)+占主导位置时,pH为7到8之间,溶液显碱性,选项B正确。
C.等物质的量的X(NO3)2和X(OH)NO3混合溶液中c(X2+)和c[X(OH)+]近似相等,根据图示此时溶液的pH 约为6,所以溶液显酸性X2+的水解占主导,所以此时c(X2+)<c[X(OH)+],选项C错误。
D.在X(OH)NO3水溶液中,有电荷守恒:c(NO3-)+c(OH-)=2c(X2+)+c(H+)+c[X(OH)]+,物料守恒:c(NO3-)=c(X2+)+c[X(OH)2]+c[X(OH)]+,将物料守恒带入电荷守恒,将硝酸根离子的浓度消去,得到该溶液的质子守恒式为:c[X(OH)2]+c(OH-)=c(X2+)+c(H+)。
8. 四氯化钛是无色液体,沸点为136℃,极易水解。
在800℃下,将氯气通过二氧化钛和炭粉的混合物可制得四氯化钛,同时产生一种有毒气体。
装置如下图。
(1)实验步骤:先将适量TiO2、炭粉混合均匀,制成多孔状TiO2团粒。
然后进行如下操作,正确的顺序为____________________(填序号)。
①通入CO2气体并开始加热;②观察反应已基本完成,停止加热,改通CO2气体直至冷却至室温;③将TiO2团粒放入瓷管中适当位置,并连接好整套装置;④当管式炉升温到800℃后改通Cl2,同时在冷凝管中通冷凝水;⑤取下锥形瓶,立即用塞子塞紧。
实验中不直接使用二氧化钛和炭粉,而是先制成多孔状TiO2团粒的原因是_________。
(2)冷凝管冷凝水的入口为________(填标号)。
(3)装置B所装的药品为_____________,作用为________________;实验中两次通入CO2,其中第二次通入CO2的作用是______________;可用_______气体代替CO2(任填一种)。
(4)以上步骤②,观察到(填现象)________________时,可确定反应已基本完成。
(5)制备反应的主要化学方程式为_________________________________________。
(6)该装置存在明显的缺陷,提出改进措施__________________________________。
【答案】(1). ③①④②⑤(2). 增大反应物接触面(3). a (4). 无水硫酸铜(5). 检验装置中的水蒸气是否除尽(6). 将生成的TiCl4气体完全排入冷凝管;防止冷却时,烧碱溶液或水蒸气倒吸入锥形瓶中(7). N2 (8). 冷凝管末端没有TiCl4液滴继续滴下(9). TiO2+2C+2Cl2TiCl4+2CO (10). 在装置末端c出口处,放一盏点燃的酒精灯【解析】分析:本题是一道物质制备的实验题,解题时,应该先分析题目中给出的要制备的物质的基本性质,再根据装置图,分出每个装置的作用,进行解答即可。
详解:(1)实验中应该先连接装置加入药品,通入二氧化碳排除装置的空气,再通入氯气进行反应,然后在二氧化碳气体中冷却,最后塞紧塞子,防止水解。
所以顺序为:③①④②⑤。
先将适量TiO2、炭粉混合均匀,制成多孔状TiO2团粒,这样可以增大反应物的接触面积,加快反应速率。
(2)冷凝水应该下口入上口出,所以入口为a。
(3)装置B中应该加入无水硫酸铜以验证水蒸气都被除去;实验结束后,持续通入二氧化碳的目的是为了使生成物在二氧化碳气流中冷却,同时也将可能在装置中残留的TiCl4排入D中,也能防止氢氧化钠溶液或水蒸气倒吸至D中。