句子成分和5种简单句
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1 句子成分和简单句
一、 句子的成分
（一）、句子各成分的定义
1.主语：句子叙述的主体
He speaks English.
2.谓语：说明主语所发出的动作。由动词来充当。
He speaks English.
3.宾语：是动作的对象或承受者。
He speaks English.
4.定语：用于描述名词,代词,短语的性质,特征范围等情况.
Tom is a good boy
The two girls are students.
5.状语：用于说明事情发生的时间,地点,原因,目的,结果方式,条件或伴随情况,程度等情况。
I eat some bananas today.
The boy wants a pen very much.
In the classroom,the boy wants a pen.
6.补语：补语是起补充说明作用的成份。它的作用对象是主语和宾语.
You should keep your eyes open.
My father likes to watch the boys playing basketball.
7.表语：是用来说明主语的性质,身份,特征和状态。一般放在系动词之后。
These apples are delious.
She looks beautiful!
8.同位语：在名词或代词之后,对前者加以说明的成分。
We students should study hard.
We all are students.
9.独立成分：有时句子中会有一些与句子没有语法联系的成分，称为句子独立成分
Hi, I’m Lucy.
Yes,I like math.
2 （二）、各成分的划分符号
1.主语
2.谓语
3.宾语
4.定语 （ ）
5.状语 [ ]
6.补语 < >
7.主语部分和谓语部分
表语和系动词一起构成谓语；主语同位语则跟主语划到一起，宾语同位语则跟宾语划到一起。
（三）、各成分的基本位置关系
主语在谓语前
宾语在谓语后
主语和宾语前是定语
谓语前是状语
主语、宾语后是补语或同位语
二、简单句的5种结构
（一）简单句就是只有主谓宾的句子。
1. “主谓”结构（扩充定语和状语）
The car disappeared(消失).
2.
“主系表”结构
The girl is very clever.
3. “主谓宾”结构
The boy speaks English.
4. “主谓宾+宾补”结构
We [all] think (his) story .在这里interesting当补语，补充说明宾语story，体会一下把补语去掉是什么滋味儿。
5. “主谓+间宾+直宾”结构
He gives me (a) pen.这句话中有2个宾语，pen是直接宾语，me是间接宾语。
（二）、there + be 句型。
1.“there + be ”表示“有”。主语不是there , 而是be 动词后面的词语。
例1：There is a book and a pencil on the desk.主语不是there，而是is后面的book
和pencil.
2.there+be句型的be动词的单复数取决于它右边的第一个主语的数。 例2：There are three books and an apple on the desk.
3 练习一
(一). 指出下列句中主语（4分， 4分钟）
① The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.
② There is an old man coming here.
③ The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.
④ To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult.
(二) 选出句中谓语的中心词（10分， 10分钟）
① I don't like the picture on the wall.
A. don't B. like C. picture D. wall
② The days get longer and longer when summer comes.
A. get B. longer C. days D. summer
③ Do you usually go to school by bus?
A. Do B. usually C.go D. bus
④ There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.
A. will be B. meeting C. the library D. afternoon
⑤ Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast?
A.Did B. twins C. have D. breakfast
⑥ Tom didn't do his homework yesterday.
A. Tom B. didn't C. do D. his homework
⑦ What I want to tell you is this.
A. want B. to tell C. you D. is
⑧ We had better send for a doctor.
A. We B. had C. send D. doctor
⑨ He is interested in music.
A. is B. interested C. in D. music
⑩ Whom did you give my book to?
A. give B.did C. whom D. book
(三) 挑出下列句中的宾语（10分，10分钟）
① My brother hasn't done his homework.
② People all over the world speak English.
③ You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.
4 ④ How many new words did you learn last class?
⑤ Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you?
⑥ The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.
⑦ They made him monitor of the class.
⑧ Go across the bridge and you will find the museum on the left.
⑨ You will find it useful after you leave school.
⑩ They didn't know who "Father Christmas" really is.
(四) 挑出下列句中的表语（5分， 5分钟）
① The old man was feeling very tired.
② Why is he worried about Jim?
③ The leaves have turned yellow.
④ Soon They all became interested in the subject.
⑤ She was the first to learn about it.
(五) 挑出下列句中的定语（6分，6分钟）
① They use Mr, Mrs with the family name.
② What is your given name?
③ On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3.
④ I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.
⑤ The man downstairs was trying to sleep.
⑥ I am waiting for the sound of the other shoe!
(六) 挑出下列句中的宾语补足语（6分， 6分钟）
① She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room.
② He asked her to take the boy out of school.
③ She found it difficult to do the work.
④ They call me Lily sometimes.
⑤ I saw Mr Wang get on the bus.
⑥ Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now?
(七) 挑出下列句中的状语（8分， 8分钟）
① There was a big smile on her face.
② Every night he heard the noise upstairs.
③ He began to learn English when he was eleven.
