【备考高考】高考英语 阅读理解试题(及答案)

【备考高考】高考英语 阅读理解试题(及答案)

一、高中英语阅读理解

1．阅读理解

Engineers in Upstate New York have invented a folded paper device that looks like a decorated

art project. But don't be fooled. This is actually a paper-based battery. No, it doesn't look like any

of those metal batteries running flashlights or smartphones. In these systems, the battery can be

printed on a page. The battery's power consists of living bacteria.

Paper electronics are simple to make and inexpensive, notes study leader Seokheun Choi, an

engineer at Binghamton University. They need no electrical outlet to recharge. They just need

more bacteria, which can be found everywhere — including dirty water.

"Most batteries use chemicals to generate electricity. Substituting bacteria can be an

advantage," Choi says. "They are cheap and self-repairing." What paper-based batteries won't do

is generate much power. They do, however create enough to run small devices in faraway or

dangerous places — such as a battlefield. They might also find use in medicine. For instance, they

might power tiny sensors, such as the types used to measure blood sugar.

This invention is based on an observation made more than a century ago — that microbes (微生物) produce electricity as they digest food. Scientists refer to the bio-batteries based on this

principle as microbial fuel cells. A fuel cell generates electricity like a regular battery. But a regular

battery stops producing electricity when its inner chemical reactions stop. A fuel cell uses fuel

that can be refilled. In this case, bacteria serve as the fuel. By refilling more microbes, as needed,

scientists can keep these fuel cells running.

Lab tests have shown that the new battery can produce a current. Now, Choi and his team are

looking at ways to increase the power. They're studying different shapes and materials for the

anode and cathode (正负极). They're also looking for the best ways to combine batteries for

more power. The beauty of the paper devices is that you can simply fold them to connect them.

And they surely will be a trend in the near future.

（1）What makes the paper-based batteries different from other batteries?

A. They are mainly used to run smartphones. B. They use bacteria to generate electricity.

C. They are used to decorate small devices. D. They take a much shorter time to recharge.

（2）What can the paper-based batteries do?

A. Power tiny devices. B. Lower blood sugar levels.

C. Produce much electricity. D. Change chemicals in the paper.

（3）What is the fourth paragraph mainly about?

A. The application of the new battery. B. The characteristics of the paper batteries.

C. The intention to invent the device. D. The working principle of the invention.

（4）What is the author's attitude towards the development of the paper-based batteries?

A.Defensive.

B.Optimistic.

C.Doubtful.

D.Ambiguous. 【答案】 （1）B

（2）A

（3）D

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了纸基电池的原理，这种电池可以通过微生物进行充电，同时，该电池也可以运用在医学方面，如测试血糖等。研发团队则在寻找能使该电池储存更多电量的方法。该电池最大的优势是可以随时随地折叠起来带走。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"They need no electrical outlet to recharge. They just

need more bacteria, which can be found everywhere — including dirty water."这种电池是不需要外接发电设备进行充电的，只需要细菌就可以充电了，这是该电池与传统电池的不同之处。故选B。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的"What paper-based batteries won't do is generate much

power. They do, however create enough to run small devices in faraway or dangerous places"纸基电池不会储存很多的电量，但这些电量还是能远程支持一些小型设备或运用在一些危险的地方，A项符合题意，故选A。

（3）考查主旨大意。根据第四段中的"This invention is based on an observation made more

than a century ago — that microbes（微生物）produce electricity as they digest food"，这项发明是基于百年前的一项观察，即微生物在消化食物的时候会产生电量。因此，科学家们"Scientists refer to the bio-batteries based on this principle as microbial fuel cells"根据这一原理将生物电池成为微生物燃料电池。由此可知，第四段介绍了生物电池的工作原理，故选D。

（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的"The beauty of the paper devices is that you can

simply fold them to connect them"该电池的优点是，人们可以简单地通过折叠来连接它们。作者用到beauty"优点"一词来说明该设备，说明作者对于该设备持一种积极的态度。故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解

People have grown taller over the last century, with South Korean women shooting up by more

than 20cm on average, and Iranian men gaining 16.5cm. A global study looked at the average

height of 18-year-olds in 200 countries between 1914 and 2014.

The results show that while Swedes were the tallest people in the world in 1914, Dutch men

have risen from 12th place to claim top spot with an average height of 182.5cm. Latvian women,