新视野大学英语读写部分教材(电子版)NHCE BOOK ONE UNIT 8 SECTION B

Unit 8Section BWays of Increasing CreativityMy guests had arrived, but once again, I'd forgotten to put the wine in the fridge. "Don't worry, " a friend said, "I can chill it for you right away. "Five minutes later she emerged from the kitchen with the wine perfectly cooled. Asked to reveal her secret, she said, "I poured it in a plastic bag and dipped it in ice water. "My guests applauded. "How wonderful if we could all be that clever, " one remarked.A decade of enquiry has convinced me we can. What separates the average person from Edison, Picasso or even Shakespeare isn't creative capacity. It's the ability to use that capacity by encouraging creative impulses and then acting upon them. Most of us seldom achieve our creative potential but the reservoir of ideas hiding within every one of us can be unlocked.The following techniques suggest concrete ways of increasing creativity:Capture the fleeting . A good idea is like a rabbit. It runs by so fast, sometimes you see only its ears or tail. To capture it, you must be ready. Creative people are always ready to act — possibly the only difference between us and them.In a letter to a friend in 1821, Ludwig van Beethoven wrote about thinking of a beautiful tune while half asleep in a carriage: "But scarcely did 1 awake when away flew the tune and I could not recall any part of it." Fortunately, for Beethoven and for us, the next day in the same carriage, the tune returned to him and he captured it in writing.When a good idea comes your way, write it down — on your arm if necessary. Not every idea will have value but capture it first and evaluate later.Daydream, Painter Salvador Dali used to lie on a sofa, holding a spoon. As he began to fall asleep, Dali would drop the spoon onto a plate on the floor. Shocked awake by the sound, he would immediately sketch the images seen in his mind in that fertile world of semi-sleep.Everyone experiences this strange state and can take advantage of it. Try Dali's trick, or just allow yourself to daydream. Often, the "three bs" — bed, bath and bus — are productive. Anywhere you can be with your thoughts undisturbed, you'll find ideas emerge freely.Seek challenges. Try inviting friends and business associates from different areas of your life to a party. Bringing people of different ages and social status together may help you think in new ways. Edwin Land, one of America's most productive inventors, claimed the idea leading to his invention of the Polaroid camera came from his three-year-old daughter. On a visit to Santa Fe in 1943, she asked why she couldn't see the picture he had just taken. During the next hour, as Land walked around Santa Fe, all he had learned about chemistry came together: "The camera and the film became clear to me. In my mind they were so real that I spent several hours describing them. "Expand your world. Many discoveries in science, engineering and the arts mix ideas from different fields. Consider " The Two-String Problem. " Two widely separated strings hang from a ceiling. Even though you can't reach both at once, is it possible to tie their ends together, using only a pair of pliers ?One college student tied the pliers to one string and set it in motion like a pendulum. As it swungback and forth, he walked quickly to the other string and drew it as far forward as it would reach. Then he caught the swinging string when it passed near him and tied the two ends.Asked how he succeeded, the student explained he had just come from a physics class on pendulum motion. What he had learned in one context transferred to a completely different one. This principle works elsewhere as well. To enhance your creativity, learn some-thing new. If you're a banker, take up tap dancing; if you're a nurse, try a course in vitamin therapy. Read a book on a new subject. Change your daily newspaper. The new will combine with the old in novel and potentially fascinating ways. Becoming more creative means paying attention to that endless flow of ideas you produce, and learning to capture and act upon the new that's within you.Words: 726。

Unit 8 Text A Gender variables in friendship: Contradiction or not?友情中的性别差异：矛盾还是不矛盾?Pre-reading activities2 Work in pairs and compare your answers to see how differently you treat male and female friends.I prefer to have friends who can share my joy and sadness. Generally speaking, female friends are much closer and more emotionally attached while male friends enjoy doing activities together. (一)内容介绍本文作者通过对身边男性朋友和女性朋友情感的不同表达方式的描述,说明一些人的交流方式是多么因对方的性别不同而不同.对待女性朋友可以是开放的、真情流露的、直截了当的,而对待男性朋友似乎都无法表达.然后,作者进行探究,说明男性和女性似乎有着截然不同的情感和理性处理方式.男性确实往往在情感表达方面比较克制.(二)背景知识《男人来自火星,女人来自金星》《男人来自火星,女人来自金星》是一本有助于改善夫妻关系、保持美满婚姻,使夫妻结伴走完人生旅途的通俗性的心理自助读物.英文版于1992年在美国首次出版。

出版后引起了巨大的社会轰动,在美国各年龄层的男男女女中产生了很大影响。

《纽约时报》书评根据其销售量,将其排在畅销书排行榜前列,时间竟长达一百五十八周。

作者以男女来自不同的星球这一新鲜、生动、形象的比喻作为他的全部实践活动的理论支撑点男人和女人无论是在生理上还是心理上,无论是在语言上还是在情感上,都是大不相同的。

这一比喻贯穿着他这本通俗的畅销读物之始终。

新视野大学英语读写教程（第三版）Book 1课后答案1-8单元Unite 11.选词填空explore(v.勘探，探测) transmit(v.传送，传递，传播) resource(n.资源) emerge(v.出现，为・・・所公认) yield(v.产生，出产，屈从，让步) pose(v.摆姿势，导致) assume(v.认为，假定，假设) confidence(n.信任信赖，自信心) inherit(v.沿袭，秉承，继承) comprehensive(a.综合的，多方面的)1. Given the chance to show his ability, he regained confidence and began to succeed in school.2. It is so difficult to explore the bottom of the ocean because someparts are very deep.3. It was about 30 seconds before Alex emerged from the water; we were quite scared.4. We often assume that when other people do the same things as we do,they do them for the same reasons; but this assumption is not always reasonable.5. There is widespread concern that the rising unemployment may pose a threat to social stability.6. After a(n) comprehensive physical exam, my doctor said I was in good condition except that my blood pressure was a little high.7. It is well known that China is a country with rich natural resources and a very big population.8. Some people believe that the earth can yield enough food to support at least twice its present population.9. Sam inherited the gift of imagination from his family, but he lacked the driving power to take action.10. A bee that has found honey is able to transmit to other bees the information they need in order to collect the honey.2.15选10attain赢得，获得，得到 fascinating迷人的，吸引人fulfill履行，执行pursue追求，致力于 available可获得的可利用的 qualify使合适，合格raise提升，增加 passion强烈的爱好，热爱 virtually实际上 classify分类归类 acquire获得，取得，学到 fashionable流行的 especially特别的sample样品，标本 prosperous繁荣的University students come from different parts of the country with various purposes. However, a closer look at their reasons for studying at theuniversity will enable us to (1) classify them roughly into three groups:those who have a(n) (2) passion for learning, those who wish to (3) attain a bright future, and those who learn with no definite purpose. Firstly, thereare many students who learn simply because they (4) pursue their goal of learning. Some read a wealth of British and American novels because they are keenly interested in literature. Others sit in front of the computer screen, working on a new program, (5) virtually day and night, because they find some computer programs1(6) fascinating, and they dream of becoming a \ Secondly, there are students who work hard mainly for a better and more (7) prosperous future. It seems that the majority of students fall into this group. After admission tothe university, they read books after books to (8) acquire knowledge from allof the resources which are (9) available to them, and finally, to succeed inthe future job market. Thirdly, there are still some students who learnwithout a clear goal. They take courses, finish homework, enjoy life on campus, but don't want to (10) sample anything new or challenging. They have no idea what they will be doing after college. And they may end up with nothing intheir lives.3.选词组open the door to 给・・・以机会 in advance 预先，提前all at once 同时，一下子 reap the benefits (of) 得享（某事物）的好处make the most of最大限度的利用某物 over time逐渐地，慢慢地get by过活，活的去 stand a chance (of)有（做成某事）的希望remind ... of 使某人想起 take pleasure in乐于做某事1. My family got by on my father's unemployment benefit after he lost his job.2. Many subway riders read books or listen to music in order to make the most of their time on the way to work.3. In order to make sure he would be able to attend the meeting, I called him up two weeks in advance.4. Experts say our company is amazing in that sales have been increasing steadily over time .5. In order to reap the benefits of the physical exercise, you have to exercise regularly, and for at least half an hour each time.6. They all tried to talk all at once , but I couldn't hear anything they said.7. Yellow flowers in the field always remind me of my childhood in the countryside. 8. We have been practicing for so long and so hard that our team should stand a chance of winning the game.9. Research on genes will open the door to exciting new medical treatments.10. Every one of you has made a contribution and I take pleasure in acknowledging what each of you has done to make this academic convention sucha success.4.汉译英孔子是中国历史上著名的思想家、教育家，是儒家学派（Confucianism）的创始人，被尊称为古代的\圣人\（sage）。

新视野大学英语读写部分教材（电子版）NHCEBookOne-Unit8SectionAUnit 8Section ABirth of Bright IdeasNo satisfactory way exists to explain how to form a good idea. You think about a problem until you're tired, forget it, maybe sleep on it, and then flash! When you aren't thinking about it, suddenly the answer arrives as a gift from the gods.Of course, all ideas don't occur like that but so many do, particularly the most important ones. They burst into the mind, glowing with the heat of creation. How they do it is a mystery but they must come from somewhere. Let's assume they come from the "unconscious." This is reasonable, for psychologists use this term to describe mental processes which are unknown to the individual. Creative thought depends on what was unknown becoming known.All of us have experienced this sudden arrival of a new idea, but it is easiest to examine it in the great creative personalities, many of whom experienced it in an intensified form and have written it down in their life stories and letters. One can draw examples from genius in any field, from religion, philosophy, and literature to art and music, even in mathematics, science, and technical invention, although these are often thought to depend only on logic and experiment. All truly creative activities depend in some degree on these signals from the unconscious, and the more highly insightful the person, the sharper and more dramatic the signals become.Take the example of Richard Wagner composing the openingto "Rhinegold". Wagner had been occupied with the idea of the "Ring" for several years, and for many months had been struggling to begin composing. On September 4, 1853, he reached Spezia sick, went to a hotel, could not sleep for noise without and fever within, took a long walk the next day, and in the afternoon flung himself on a couch intending to sleep. Then at last the miracle happened for which his unconscious mind had been seeking for so long. Falling into a sleeplike condition, he suddenly felt as though he were sinking in a mighty flood of water, and the rush and roar soon took musical shape within his brain. He recognized that the orchestral opening to the "Rhinegold", which he must have carried about within him yet had never been able to put it into form, had at last taken its shape within him. In this example, the conscious mind at the moment of creation knew nothing of the actual processes by which the solution was found.As a contrast, we may consider a famous story: the discovery by Henri Poincare, the great French mathematician, of a new mathematical method called the Fuchsian functions. Here we see the conscious mind, in a person of highest ability, actually watching the unconscious at work. For weeks, he sat at his table every day and spent an hour or two trying a great number of combinations but he arrived at no result. One night he drank some black coffee, contrary to his usual habit, and was unable to sleep. Many ideas kept surging in his head; he could almost feel them pushing against one another, until two of them combined to form a stable combination. When morning came, he had established the existence of one class of Fuchsian functions. He had only to prove the results, which took only a few hours. Here, we see the conscious mind observing the new combinationsbeing formed in the unconscious, while the Wagner story shows the sudden explosion of a new concept into consciousness.A third type of creative experience is exemplified by the dreams which came to Descartes at theage of twenty-three and determined his life path. Descartes had unsuccessfully searched for certainty, first in the world of books, and then in the world of men. Then in a dream on November 10, 1619, he made the significant discovery that he could only find certainty in his own thoughts, cogito ergo sum ("I think; therefore, I exist"). This dream filled him with intense religious enthusiasm.Wagner's, Poincare's, and Descartes' experiences are representative of countless others in every field of culture. The unconscious is certainly the source of instinctive activity. But in creative thought the unconscious is responsible for the production of new organized forms from relatively disorganized elements.Words: 707。

新视野大学英语（第二版）第1册Unit 8答案VocabularyIII1. sources2. stable3. process4. composed5. observing6. combination7. explosion8. existence9. occupied 10. creationIV.1. at2.in3.on4.for5.on6. between7. for8.with9.at 10.ofV.1.J2.L3.G4.M5.O6.A7.I8.B9.D 10.ESentence StructureVI.1. It is easiest to examine the sudden arrival of a new idea in the great creative personalities, many of whom experienced it in an intensified form.2. The Gaels’ offspring are the modern Scots and Irish, some of whom still speak the Gaelic language.3. George explained that this was the official dress for taking examination, many of which wee held in June.4. The Miracle, for which his unconscious mind had been seeking for so long, happened at last.5. The conscious mind at the moment of creation knew nothing of the actual processes through which the solution was found.VII.1. the more knowledge he will have2. the less he liked it3. the less you have to pay for it4. the more exciting it will be5. the greater progress you will makeTranslationIII.1. There are twenty universities in this city, some of which areworld-famous.2. the more he thinks about it, the angrier he becomes.3. She was filled with pity for the innocent victims.4. He was occupied with his business matters and didn’t have time to think about a holiday.5. The country’s economy depends to some degree on the import of raw materials.6. After several discussions between the members of the committee,a new plan of action began to take shape.IX.1. 出租汽车公司新雇了50个司机，其中有的人刚拿到驾驶证。