读A TYPOLOGY OF DEVIANT WORKPLACE BEHAVIORS

2024年小学4年级英语第3单元全练全测(含答案)考试时间：90分钟（总分:100）A卷考试人：_________题号一二三四五总分得分一、综合题(共计100题共100分)1. 填空题：My sister loves to __________ (画画) in her free time.2. 听力题：The __________ is responsible for filtering waste in the body.3. 听力题：The bear lives in a _____ cave.4. ts can live in _____ (极端) climates. 填空题：Some pla5. 填空题：The _____ (butterfly) garden attracts pollinators.6. 选择题：What do you call the tallest building in the world?A. SkyscraperB. TowerC. MonumentD. Edifice答案：A7. 填空题：A rabbit’s teeth are always ______ (生长).8. 听力题：Chemical reactions can occur in ________ environments.9. 听力题：The library is very _______ (quiet).10. 填空题：My dad teaches me how to ________ (骑自行车) without training wheels. It was hard at first, but now I can do it ________ (很好).11. 选择题：What do we call the place where we learn?A. SchoolB. HospitalC. OfficeD. Farm答案:A12. 填空题：The _______ (Labor Movement) fought for workers’ rights and better conditions.13. 选择题：What is the capital of the Czech Republic?A. PragueB. BratislavaC. BudapestD. Ljubljana答案:A14. 听力题：A ______ is a measure of how much solute can dissolve in a solvent.15. 选择题：What do we call a baby cow?A. CalfB. KidC. LambD. Foal答案: A16. 选择题：What do we call the first ten letters of the alphabet?A. A to JB. A to ZC. A to MD. A to N17. 选择题：What instrument do you blow into to play?A. GuitarB. FluteD. Drums18. 听力题：The Earth's crust can be altered by human ______.19. 听力题：The chemical formula for gallium(III) oxide is _____.20. 填空题：The __________ (全球问题解决) requires teamwork.21. 填空题：I enjoy baking ________ (蛋糕) for my friends.22. 听力题：The element with atomic number is __________.23. 填空题：I wish I could fly like a ________ (鸟).24. 听力题：The children are _____ in the playground. (laughing)25. 选择题：What is the name of the famous ancient city in Italy?A. PompeiiB. RomeC. VeniceD. Florence答案:A. Pompeii26. 选择题：What do you call the main character in a story?A. ProtagonistB. AntagonistC. NarratorD. Author答案:A27. 选择题：How many senses do humans have?A. ThreeB. FourC. Five答案:C28. 听力题：The chemical formula for ammonium phosphate is ______.29. 填空题：The armadillo has a tough ______ (外壳).30. 听力题：The concept of ecological restoration focuses on revitalizing damaged ______.31. 选择题：What is the name of the galaxy we live in?A. Milky WayB. AndromedaC. WhirlpoolD. Triangulum32. 填空题：A rabbit has long ________________ (耳朵).33. 填空题：The __________ was an important trade route in ancient times. (丝绸之路)34. 填空题：The rabbit is a ______ (草食性动物).35. 听力题：A __________ is a large lake in North America.36. 填空题：My cat loves to curl up on a _______ (椅子).37. 听力题：The ______ helps us see light.38. 选择题：What do we celebrate on the Fourth of July in the United States?A. ThanksgivingB. Independence DayC. ChristmasD. Memorial Day答案:BA __________ is a type of chemical reaction where new substances are formed.40. trial Revolution changed how _______ were made. (商品) 填空题：The Indu41. 听力题：I love to _____ stories before bedtime. (hear)42. 听力题：The chemical symbol for platinum is ______.43. 听力题：A toy car moves when we _______ it.44. 填空题：Orchids are considered very _____ (美丽) flowers.45. 听力题：The _____ shows the positions of stars and constellations.46. 填空题：It is _______ to share with friends.47. 选择题：What do we call the study of the Earth?A. BiologyB. GeographyC. ChemistryD. History答案:B48. 填空题：The sloth hangs from branches with its _______ (爪子).49. 选择题：Which is the tallest animal?A. ElephantB. GiraffeC. LionD. Bear答案:B50. 听力题：The __________ can reveal the relationships between geological layers and formations.Combustion is a reaction that produces ________ and water.52. 选择题：How many colors are there in a rainbow?a. Fiveb. Sixc. Sevend. Eight答案:C53. 小鲸鱼) sings a beautiful song underwater. 填空题：The ___54. ts have _____ (药用) properties. 填空题：Some pla55. 听力题：I see _____ (clouds/stars) in the sky.56. 填空题：The sun shines ______ in the summer.57. 听力题：My brother is a ______. He enjoys modeling.58. 听力题：The main component of vegetable oil is ______.59. 填空题：The discovery of ________ has had significant implications for health and wellness.60. ssance was a period of renewed interest in __________. (艺术与科学)填空题：The Rena61. 听力题：The _____ (玩具) is colorful.62. 听力题：I see a ___ (car/truck) on the road.63. 选择题：What do we call a small, sweet fruit?A. BerryB. PeachC. AppleD. Banana64. 填空题：The ______ (草地) is lush and green.65. 选择题：What do we use to measure time?A. ScaleB. ClockC. RulerD. Thermometer66. 听力题：The _____ (铃铛) chimes softly.67. 填空题：My grandma loves to _______ (动词) in her garden. 她的花园很 _______ (形容词).68. 填空题：The first man-made satellite was named _______. (斯普特尼克)69. 听力题：In chemistry, a reagent is a substance used to cause a _____.70. 填空题：I love to watch ______ while I eat dinner.71. 选择题：What do you call a young horse?A. ColtB. FoalC. MareD. Stallion答案:B72. 选择题：What is the name of the largest desert in the world?A. Sahara DesertB. Arabian DesertC. Gobi DesertD. Kalahari Desert答案:A73. 听力题：The chameleon can be green or _______.74. 选择题：What color is the sky on a clear day?A. GreenB. BlueC. YellowD. Gray75. 填空题：The country famous for its chocolates is ________ (瑞士).76. 选择题：What is the name of the famous wizard in children's literature?A. GandalfB. DumbledoreC. MerlinD. Harry Potter答案: D77. 填空题：My favorite _________ (玩具) is the one that sings when you hug it.78. 填空题：A _____ is a large area of water that is deep.79. 听力题：The capital city of Saint Kitts and Nevis is __________.80. 填空题：My mom loves __________ (参与公益活动).81. 填空题：Each plant has a unique _____ (特征).82. 选择题：What is the capital of Brazil?A. Rio de JaneiroB. BrasiliaC. Sao PauloD. Salvador83. 听力题：We will go ______ for a walk after dinner. (outside)84. 选择题：What do you call a young dolphin?A. CalfB. PupC. KitD. Foal答案:A85. 听力题：A __________ is a large area of trees and wildlife.86. 听力题：The _______ of an object can be altered by changing its mass.87. 填空题：I also want to take my pet on ______. We could explore new places and meet other animals. It would be an adventure for both of us! I hope to find parks where pets are allowed to run and play freely.88. 选择题：What do you call the study of weather?A. GeographyB. MeteorologyC. ClimatologyD. Astronomy答案:B89. 填空题：I love to go ______ (滑雪) during winter vacations.90. 听力题：The formula for table salt is _______.91. 选择题：What is the color of a typical pepper?A. GreenB. YellowC. RedD. All of the above92. 听力题：We had ______ (fun) at the zoo.93. 听力题：I like to draw ______ (cartoons).94. 听力题：A __________ is a substance made up of only one type of atom.95. 听力题：A solution that can conduct electricity is called an ______ solution.96. 听力题：My sister is a ______. She loves to work with children.97. 选择题：What is the opposite of fast?A. QuickB. SlowC. SpeedyD. Rapid答案:B98. 听力题：The ____ is an animal that loves to dig.99. 填空题：They are _______ (去) to the beach this weekend.100. 选择题：What is the term for animals that eat both plants and meat?A. HerbivoresB. CarnivoresC. OmnivoresD. Insectivores答案:C。

小学下册英语第1单元真题试卷[有答案]考试时间：80分钟（总分:140）B卷一、综合题(共计100题共100分)1. 听力题：A mixture can be separated by ______ techniques.2. 填空题：The ________ was a famous treaty that ended military hostilities.3. 听力题：The Thames River flows through _______.4. 填空题：I like to draw ______ (漫画) characters in my free time. It’s fun to create my own stories.5. 听力题：A solution that can conduct electricity is called an ______ solution.6. 听力题：A __________ is a reaction that involves the transfer of electrons.7. 填空题：I want to _______ (学习) about physics.8. 听力题：The Sahara is the largest _______ in Africa.9. 选择题：What is 8 x 7?A. 54B. 56C. 58D. 60答案:B. 56The ________ (car) is red and fast.11. 选择题：What do we use to take photos?A. CameraB. PhoneC. VideoD. Laptop12. 选择题：What is the opposite of polite?A. RudeB. CourteousC. RespectfulD. Civil答案:A13. 听力题：Photosynthesis uses sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into _____.14. 选择题：What do you call a collection of poems?A. AnthologyB. CollectionC. CompilationD. All of the above15. 听力题：The boy likes ________.16. 填空题：The _____ (农业) sector relies heavily on plants.17. 听力题：The _______ of an object can be tested by applying force.18. 填空题：The __________ (历史的延续) shapes our future.19. 填空题：A _______ is a substance that can change the rate of a chemical reaction. (催化剂)20. carbon neutrality) aims for zero net emissions. 填空题：The ____How many days are there in February during a leap year?A. 28B. 29C. 30D. 31答案: B. 2922. 听力题：She is wearing cool ___. (sneakers)23. 听力题：The ______ (pulley) is a simple machine that changes the direction of force.24. 听力题：A ______ is formed when two or more elements chemically bond together.25. 听力题：The teacher tells a ______ (story).26. 填空题：In winter, some plants lose their ______ (叶子).27. 填空题：The ______ (水源) is vital for plant health.28. 听力题：We listen to ___ (music).29. 听力题：He is playing __________ with his friends.30. 选择题：What is the name of the famous Italian dish with layers of pasta, cheese, and meat?A. PizzaB. RisottoC. LasagnaD. Fettuccine31. 听力题：The tree is ___ (leafy/barren).32. 填空题：A ________ (老虎) is a powerful animal that lives in the jungle.The engineer, ______ (工程师), develops new technologies.34. 选择题：What is the name of the famous British rock band that included John Lennon?A. The WhoB. The Rolling StonesC. The BeatlesD. Pink Floyd答案: C. The Beatles35. 填空题：I want to _______ (学习) how to fish.36. 选择题：What do you call the season when leaves fall from trees?A. SpringB. SummerC. FallD. Winter37. 听力题：The _____ (bird/fish) is chirping.38. 听力题：A fuel is a substance that can be burned to produce _____.39. 填空题：My aunt has a baby. I call him __________. (小表弟)40. 听力题：The pizza is ______ (hot) and cheesy.41. 选择题：What do we call the study of ancient artifacts?A. AnthropologyB. ArchaeologyC. HistoryD. Sociology答案:B42. 选择题：What do we wear on our feet?A. HatB. GlovesC. ShoesD. Belt答案:C. Shoes43. 听力题：The process of oxidation involves __________ losing electrons.44. 填空题：Women gained the right to vote in the United States in __________ (1920年).45. 填空题：My father helps me with my __________. (作业)46. 听力题：A combustion reaction produces ______ and water.47. 选择题：What do we use to write?A. SpoonB. PenC. ForkD. Plate答案:B48. 听力题：The garden is _______ (filled) with butterflies.49. 听力题：Emma is a ______. She loves to dance.50. 填空题：My aunt is very _______ (形容词). 她总是 _______ (动词).51. 听力题：The chemical formula for polyvinyl chloride is _______.52. 选择题：What is 2 + 3?A. 4B. 5C. 6D. 753. 填空题：The ________ loves to explore and find treasures.I want to be a ______ when I grow up.55. 听力题：She _____ (loves/love) chocolate cake.56. 填空题：I like to play with my toy ________ (玩具名称) in the sunshine.57. 选择题：What do we call a young eel?A. FryB. ElverC. KitD. Pup答案:B. Elver58. 填空题：He is very _____ (外向) and loves to meet new people.59. 填空题：A _____ (植物发展) can lead to sustainable practices.60. 填空题：We have a ______ (丰富的) school program.61. 填空题：The __________ can be quite chilly during autumn. (天气)62. 填空题：The ______ (种植者) plays an important role in agriculture.63. 填空题：The leaves change _______ in the fall, making the world beautiful.64. 听力题：A ____ has fluffy fur and enjoys playing in the snow.65. 填空题：The crow is known to use tools to get ________________ (食物).66. 听力题：A __________ is created when water collects in a low area.A ____ is a lively creature that loves to play with others.68. 听力题：The girl is very ________.69. 听力题：They enjoy ________ together.70. 填空题：The first successful test of a nuclear bomb occurred in ________ (1945).71. 填空题：I enjoy _______ (和朋友一起看电影).72. 选择题：What do we call the act of giving someone a present?A. GiftingB. BestowingC. OfferingD. Presenting答案:A73. 听力题：A _______ is a chemical change that releases energy.74. 填空题：The __________ is a large area of land known for its ancient history. (中东)75. 听力题：A ______ can help restore habitats.76. 选择题：What do we call the time when flowers bloom?A. WinterB. SpringC. SummerD. Fall答案:B77. 听力题：In a chemical equation, products are on the ______ side.78. 填空题：The first person to swim the English Channel was _______. (马修·韦本)My dad brings home ____.80. 填空题：My favorite ice cream flavor is ______.81. 选择题：What do we call the act of telling a story?A. NarrationB. DescriptionC. ExplanationD. Presentation答案:A82. 选择题：What is the name of the famous lake in Africa?A. Lake SuperiorB. Lake VictoriaC. Lake BaikalD. Great Salt Lake答案：B83. 选择题：What is the main ingredient in bread?A. SugarB. FlourC. SaltD. Water答案: B84. 选择题：How many wheels does a bicycle have?A. OneB. TwoC. ThreeD. Four答案: B. Two85. 填空题：The butterfly is _______ (美丽的).86. 听力题：A _______ is a type of solution where particles are evenly distributed.87. 填空题：The __________ (历史的持久性) reflects stability.The _____ (植物组成) affects the overall health of an area.89. 听力题：The U.S. Civil Rights Act was passed in _______.90. 填空题：I saw a _________ in the garden. (蜗牛)91. 填空题：My friend saw a ______ (蜗牛) on the sidewalk.92. 选择题：What do you call a person who fixes cars?A. DoctorB. MechanicC. TeacherD. Chef答案:B93. 选择题：What do we call the study of plants?A. ZoologyB. BotanyC. ChemistryD. Geography答案:B94. 听力题：The ______ is known for its colorful feathers.95. 填空题：我的朋友喜欢 _______ (活动). 她觉得这很 _______ (形容词)96. 填空题：The country known for its cheese is ________ (以奶酪闻名的国家是________).97. 填空题：Certain flowers are favored for their ______ in arrangements and bouquets. (某些花因其在花束和花篮中的美观而受到青睐。

大学英语4考试题及答案一、听力理解（共30分）1. A) 根据所听对话，选择最佳答案。

a) What is the man going to do?i. Go to the libraryii. Go to the gymiii. Stay at homeiv. Visit a friendb) What does the woman suggest?i. They should go to the beachii. They should watch a movieiii. They should study togetheriv. They should go shopping答案：a) i b) iii2. B) 根据所听短文，回答以下问题。

a) What is the main topic of the passage?b) What is the author's opinion about the topic?答案：a) The main topic is the importance of environmental protection.b) The author believes that everyone should take action to protect the environment.二、阅读理解（共40分）1. A) 阅读以下短文，选择最佳答案。

短文：[此处应为一段或多段英文短文，描述一个主题或故事]a) What does the author intend to convey in the passage?b) What is the relationship between the two characters in the story?答案：a) The author intends to convey the importance of perseverance.b) The two characters are friends.2. B) 阅读以下文章，回答以下问题。

第五单元测评第一部分听力(共两节,满分30分)第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。

听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

1.What colour does the man prefer?A.Green.B.Pink.C.Yellow.M:No,I used to get to work by bus.But now,I ride my bike.I can get more ean get to work in the past?A.On foot.B.By bike.C.By bus.3.What is the man doing?A.Asking for help.B.Offering a suggestion.C.Making a complaint.4.How does the man suggest the woman go to the station?A.By bus.B.On foot.5.What day is today?A.Saturday.B.Thursday.C.Friday.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。

每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。

听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。

每段对话或独白读两遍。

听第6段材料,回答第6、7题。

6.How many lectures does the woman have on Monday?A.One.B.Two.C.Three.7.What will the woman probably do nee reading.C.Make a drawing.听第7段材料,回答第8、9题。

专题27-多任务阅读20篇（题型强化）2022-2023学年九年级英语金题狂刷增分练（人教新目标）一、多任务阅读（2022·四川·宜宾市教科所中考真题）阅读下面短文，根据其内容完成表格中所缺的信息。

Grain Rain (谷雨) is the sixth of the Twenty-four Solar Terms in the traditional Chinese calendar, which falls on April 20 this year. As the last solar term in spring, this period seesthe temperature rise and rainfall increase, creating a good environment for plants and animals. Grain Rain is still linked with modern agriculture. It links grain with rain, reflecting an increasing amount of rainfall, which is good for the growth of crops. For farmers, it is a good time to sow.It might not be so well-known that in Chinese tale an actual “grain rain” was recorded in the story of Cang Jie, who invented the first Chinese characters (汉字). Cang Jie created a set of characters from observing the tracks of birds and mammals. After his great invention, grains started to pour down from the sky.The Grain Rain Day has become a day to honor Cang Jie and the invention of the Chinese language, and April 20 has been designated as the annual UN Chinese Language Day since 2010. Chinese characters are a treasure of the spiritual homeland of Chinese people, the thousands of years of Chinese culture, and an important symbol of cultural identity.Grain Rain, the Last Solar Term in SpringThe date The Grain Rain Day this year falls on ____1____.The temperatureIt sees the temperature rise and rainfall ____2____. It is a good timefor farmers to sow.The originAn actual “grain rain” ____3____ in the story of Cang Jie, whoinvented the first Chinese characters.The ____4____ characters They are a treasure of the spiritual homeland of Chinese people and an important ____5____ of cultural identity.【导语】本文主要介绍了中国传统农历二十四节气中的谷雨。

高三英语专业选择单选题40题1.Which area focuses on analyzing language structure and usage?A.TranslationB.LiteratureC.Linguistics答案：C。

翻译主要是进行语言转换；文学主要关注文学作品等；语言学聚焦于分析语言结构和用法。

2.If you are interested in studying famous English novels, which major should you choose?A.TranslationB.LiteratureC.Linguistics答案：B。

翻译专业重点在语言转换；语言学关注语言结构和用法；文学专业会研究著名的英语小说。

3.Which major is more likely to involve researching the history and development of language?A.TranslationB.LiteratureC.Linguistics答案：C。

翻译专业主要是语言转换工作；文学专业主要是文学作品；语言学专业更可能涉及研究语言的历史和发展。

4.Which major would help you become a professional interpreter?A.TranslationB.LiteratureC.Linguistics答案：A。

翻译专业能培养专业口译人员；文学专业主要研究文学作品；语言学专业重点在语言分析等方面。

5.If you want to analyze the style and themes of English poems, which major is suitable?A.TranslationB.LiteratureC.Linguistics答案：B。

翻译专业主要是语言转换；语言学专业关注语言结构等；文学专业适合分析英语诗歌的风格和主题。

PART ONEQuestions 1 - 8· Look at the sentences below and at five passages taken from a book about famous management thinkers on the opposite page.· Which passage does each sentence refer to?· For each sentence 1 - 8, mark one letter A1 B, C, D or E on your Answer Sheet.· You will need to use some of these letters more than once.Example:He has developed his own company to promote his work.0 A B C D E1 Others in his field think very highly of him.2 His ideas have spread beyond the business world.3 He felt that people should be able to enjoy their work.4 His ideas are more complex than they seem.5 He did a variety of interesting things before writing his books.6 His most successful book was written with a colleague.7 He is particularly skilled at forecasting important developments.8 Contact with the military was an early influence on his thinking.A John AdairAdair is the pioneering British thinker in the theory of leadership. He was the first person in the UK to hold a professorship in Business Leadership and has published a series of influential books on the subject.Despite his quiet appearance, Adair has had a colourful life, serving in a Bedouin regiment and working on an Arctic fishing boat! His initial interest in leadership came from his army experience and he used to lecture at the highly prestigious academy where British army offices are trained. He now works as an international consultant.B Edward de BonoDe Bono is unusual among major gurus for two reasons: firstly, he was born not in one of the great industrial nations but on the tiny island of Malta. Secondly, his ideas have reached a wider audience than just managers, so that his books have become essential rending in many different disciplines.Most of de Bono s work has been concerned with the way human beings can train themselves to think more creatively. This apparently simple idea has resulted in37 books and a highly successful career as a lecturer and consultant.C Peter DruckerProbably no other single thinker has done as much as Drucker to establish management as a serious area of study. Certainly, his fellow management thinkers consider him one of the founding fathers of the discipline, and his books and articles are quoted more than those of any other management writer.His first book was published as far back as 1939, yet he is still writing and teaching. His greatest distinction has been his ability to predict coming trendsin business and economics. As a result, his ideas are treated with the greatest respect and interest.D Frederick HerzbergAlthough relatively few contemporary management students will have read his books, Herzberg s name is instantly recognisable to anyone who has studied industrial organisations. This is because the American psychologist was responsible for introducing the concept of motivation into management thinking.As a young man, Herzberg became deeply interested in mental illness and the human need for mental and emotional satisfaction. This led him to criticise the approach of many companies to job design, and to argue for the need for job enrichment to stimulate employees efforts.E Tom PetersThe American s reputation was created in the I 980s by the spectacular success of one book, In Search of Excellence, co-written with Robert Waterman. The two were working together as management consultants and no-one expected their first (and only) book to end up selling 5 million copies worldwide!Although his ideas have been criticised, Peters popularity as a speaker and writer has continued to grow. So much so that Peters has created his own business to market books, videos and consultancy based on his work.PART TWOQuestions 9 - 14· Read this t ext from an article about health clubs.· Choose the best sentence from the opposite page to fill in each of the gaps.· For each gap 9 - 14, mark one letter A - H on your Answer Sheet.· Do not use any letter more than once.· There is an exam ple at the beginning (0).Travel stress brings boom to health clubsA rapid growth in business travel has provided a lucrative spin-off for British health clubs as companies try to prevent hard-working executives from suffering travel-related stress.Health clubs are fully booked throughout the coming months all around the country and many are planning to expand their facilities.0 H According to Gillie Turner, group marketing manager for the Champneys group of health clubs, during the last recession executives lost many of their extra benefits as companies cut back. . 9 She says that large companies also seem to have decided that it is no good sending someone to a country like Spain as a reward for doing a good job, because they will simply eat too much and flop onto a beach. . 10Champneys, the company acknowledged as the market leader in this field, is now planning to introduce a special "Profiting from Stress" course, which will run over three days. . 11 Jonathon Stapleton, general managerof Champneys, says that modern corporate life being what it is, most business travellers find that they are having to do the work which - even a year ago - was done by two. 12To meet this new demand, other health clubs are also thinking of introducing similar schemes. Clare Brandish, the sales and marketing director of another health club, has noticed a marked change in the clientele at her club. . 13Businesses of all kinds are anxious to reduce absenteeism. . 14 Much of the problem is caused by long periods away from home, irregular hours, business entertaining and jet lag.According to the Guild of Business Travel Agents, sales of business-class airline tickets have risen by 12% in the past year, hotel bookings have gone up by 36% and car hire has risen by 24%. Dave Reynolds, the GBTA chief executive, says that the trouble is that the same number of people are being asked to travel more often. He comments that it is nowonder they need to take a break in a health club.A It has been calculated that about 40 million working days are lost each year in Britain because of stress, ten times as many as are lost 10 industrial disputes.B This has involved a considerable rise in the number of business bookings, whereas previously most clients came as private individuals.C Now they are being restored, as industry realises that the health of its executives is vital.D But who will benefit most from these developments?E Because of the pressures this imposes, many companies have now decided that it is worthwhile paying for their senior executives to take a proper break and get advice on how to combat stress.F Executives taking part in it will be given massages and health treatments, workouts and a range of talks on how to deal with stress, especially when travelling.G So what s the reason for this now trend?PART THREEQuestions 15 - 20· Read the following article on recruiting and managing staff and the questions on the opposite page.· Each question has four suggested an swers or ways of finishing the sentence, A, B, C and D.· Mark one letter A, B, C or D on your Answer Sheet, for the answer you choose.As a manager in the service industry sector, I've looked at hundredsof CVs in my time. They are not necessarily the bland documents some bosses might think they are! They are full of little pointers towards individuals personalities and suitability for the job. The first thing I always look at is an applicant s employment record. I check for continuity and stability. If somebody has a long list of previous jobs, all of varying length, alarm bells start ringing. Rather than an irregular route from job to job, what I hope to see is stable career progression. What does their career path look like - is it all steps forward, or are there a lot of sideways moves? And I am always pleased to find a family person with children, because in my experience they tend to be responsible and reliable.I never rely on CVs alone. We get applicants to fill in one of our own application forms. We ask why they've applied, what their aspirations and personal goals are, and also about their interests and hobbies and any clubs they belong to. That gives you a useful insight into their personality and lifestyle. The application form also enables us to test how much people have actually been progressing in their careers, because we ask for details of the salaries they have received for each job.It s always worth looking at CVs and designing application forms with great care. Taking on employees might be rewarding, but it is also a big investment for any business. Mistakes in choosing staff can cost companies dear, so it makes sense to spend time ensuring you get the right person.In the service sector, one of the aims of companies is to maintain and improve customer service, and this is achieved partly through low staff turnover. You need to take on people who understand that, and will want to stay. That s why, when you've taken staff on, the next thing is getting the best out of them.My management style comes from the days when I took over my first business, an ailing road haulage firm which I was certain I could turn into a profitable company. The first thing is to treat others as you d like to be treated yourself. As soon as I took over the business, I talked to everybody individually, and looked for ways to make sure their particular skills benefited the company.I didn't have much experience then of managing people, but above all I always tried to be fair and honest with everyone. As a result, I think the staff knew that and accepted my decisions, even if they didn't agree with them all. Also, bosses must be able to communicate. You also need to create team spirit, and build on the strength of the team. I explained my plans for the company to all the staff, and let them all know what I needed from them. The lorry drivers responded brilliantly, and were thekey to turning the business round. They understood that we had to develop a professional reputation, and from then on the days of poor quality deliveries were over.Lastly, I am a great believer in profit-sharing. It takes a team to make a company work, so profits should be shared by all. Job satisfaction is important, but it doesn't pay the rent. Shared profit and bonuses help to strengthen team spirit by giving everyone a common goal that they work towards together.15 What fact does the writer hope to learn from applicants CVs?A that they have experience of many different jobsB that their careers have developed steadilyC the opinion their employers had of themD whether they are married or single16 The writer says the application form is useful because itA reveals something of the applicant s character.B gives information about the applicant s family.C explains what skills the applicant has for the job.D shows how much the applicant wants to earn.17 According to the writer, why are CVs and application forms so important?A Interviewing people is an expensive process.B They indicate whether applicants really want the job.C They indicate whether applicants are efficient or not.D Employing the wrong people can be disastrous.18 One reason why the writer was successful in her first business was thatA she was used to dealing with people.B she was open with the staff.C the business was already doing well when she started.D the staff agreed with all her decisions.19 The writer believes profit-sharing is a good idea becauseA it encourages a competitive spirit.B everyone earns the same salary.C everyone shares the same aim.D it creates job satisfaction.20 Which would make the best title for this text?A Profit-sharing as motivationB How I turned a business roundC People - the key to business successD The importance of a well-presented CVPART FOURQuestions 21 - 30· Read the article below about a method of learning languages for business people.· Choose the best word from the opposite page to fill each gap.· For each question 21 - 30 mark one letter A, B, C or D on your Answer Sheet.· There is an example at the beginning (0).Language learning for the busy executiveIf you've ever been told by your boss to improve your knowledge of a foreign language you'll know that ……(0)…… doesn't come quickly. It generally takes years to learn another language well andconstant ……(21)…… to maintain the high standards required for frequent business use. Whether you study in a class, with audiocassettes, computers or on your ……(22)…… sooner or ……(23)…… every language course finishes and you must decide what to do next if you need a foreign language for your career.Business Audio Magazines is a new product designed to help you continue language study in a way that fits easily into your busy schedule. Each audiocassette ……(24)…… of an hour-long programme packed with business news, features and interviews in the language of your choice. These cassettes won t teach you how to order meals or ask for directions. It is ……(25)…… that you can do that already. Instead, by giving you an opportunity to hear the language as it s really spoken, they help you to ……(26)…… your vocabulary and improve your ability to use real language relating to, for example, that all-important marketing trip.The great advantage of using audio magazines is that they ……(27)…… you to perfect your language skills in ways that suit your lifestyle. For example, you can select a topic and listen in your car or hotel when away on busines s. No other business course is as ……(28)…… And the unique radio-magazine format is as instructive as it is entertaining. In addition to the audiocassette, this package includes a transcript with a business glossary and a study ……(29)…… The components are s tructured so that intermediate and advanced students may use them separately or together ……(30)…… on their ability.Example: A B C D20 A gain B result C success D outcome21 A exercise B performance C practice D operation22 A self B individual C personal D own23 A after B then C later D quicker24 A consists B includes C contains D involves25 A insisted B acquired C asserted D assumed26 A prolong B extend C spread D lift27 A allow B let C support D offer28 A adjustable B flexible C convertible D variable29 A addition B supplement C extra D manuscript30 A according B depending C relating D basingQuestions 31 - 40· Read the article below about meetings.· For each question 31 - 40 write one word in CAPITAL LETTERS on your Answer Sheet.How to make more of meetingsYou should know what ends you want to achieve in a meeting before it starts and prepare for it (0)……reading any papers circulated beforehand, and carefully thinking about (31)…… you want to s ay. This may sound rather boring, but solid preparation is the key to successful meetings: A great (32)……of time and energy can be wasted through simple lack of planning.The most important issues are not always given the most time in the general runnin g of meetings. People are often unwilling (33)…… discuss important budgetary matters because they do not fully understand them, but (34)…… becomes an expert when it comes to discussing the colour of the new curtains, or what type of coffee to buy The discu ssion of (35)…… trivial matters as these, therefore, should be saved until the end of the meeting.During the meeting it is essential to stick to the agenda so (36)……to avoid the common problem of repetition. At the same time you (37)…… to be sensitive to other people s ideas and feelings, and never lose your temper. Be prepared to accept (38)…… implement a suggestion that is contrary to (39)…… own ideas if it is an improvement on them; such honesty and flexibility are signs of good leadership and earn respect.Finally, remember that when a decision is made it is important to act (40)…… it and to honour all the commitments you have made in the meeting.PART SIXQuestions 41 - 50· In most lines of the following text, there is one unnecessary word. It is either grammatically incorrect or does not fit in with the sense of the text.· For each numbered line 41 - 50, find the unnecessary word and then write the word in CAPITAL LETTERS on your Answer Sheet. Some lines are correct. If a line is correct, write CORRECT on your Answer Sheet. The exercise begins with two examples (0) and (00).Customer care0 Apart from ensuring that an efficient electricity supply for our00 customers, NatElectric provides an invaluable service in other areas41 as well. While our Customer Helpline (charged at local rates) is the42 first point of contact with when you want to make an enquiry and43 we receive a huge number of calls from customers - on44 average, there are 50 000 calls a one week. Available 24 hours45 a day, seven days a week, 365 days a year, our Helpline on advisors46 aim at to answer 95 per cent of all calls within 15 seconds. There47 are more than 200 advisors, working in around the clock to48 provide for this service, backed by a further 80 support staff49 who do handle any necessary paperwork. Although our target50 is to reply to letters within 10 working days, NatElectric regularly responds withinthree to four days, and we are especially proud of the standards achieved by ourcustomer relations team.BEC Higher AnswersReading1C 2B 3D 4B 5A 6E 7C 8A 9D 10B 11G 12F 13C 14A 15B 16A 17D 18B 19C 20C 21C 22D 23C 24A 25D 26B 27A 28B 29B 30B 31what 32deal 33to 34everyone 35such 36as 37ought 38and 39your 40upon 41while 42with 43correct 44one 45 on 46at 47in 48for 49do 50correctListening。

高考真题英语2024新课标一卷一、听力部分（共30分）Section A1. 根据所听对话，选择正确答案。

- 问题1：What is the man going to do this weekend?- A. Visit his parents.- B. Go to a concert.- C. Work on a project.- 问题2：Why does the woman suggest the man should take a break?- A. He has been working too hard.- B. He needs to prepare for an exam.- C. He is going to have a meeting....Section B1. 根据所听短文，选择正确答案。

- 问题1：What is the main topic of the passage?- A. The importance of environmental protection.- B. The impact of technology on education.- C. The benefits of physical exercise.- 问题2：What does the speaker think about the future ofeducation?- A. It will be completely online.- B. It will be a combination of online and offline learning.- C. It will not change much....二、阅读理解部分（共40分）Passage 1A new study has found that regular exercise can significantly improve memory and cognitive function in older adults. The research, conducted by a team of scientists at the University of XYZ, involved a group of participants aged between 60 and 80. They were asked to engage in moderate physical activity for 30 minutes a day, five days a week, over a period of six months.Questions:1. What was the age range of the participants in the study?2. How long did the participants engage in physical activity each day?3. What was the duration of the study?Passage 2The article discusses the impact of social media on teenagers' mental health. It highlights the negative effects such as increased anxiety and depression, while alsoacknowledging the positive aspects like the ability toconnect with others and share experiences.Questions:1. What is the main concern of the article?2. What are some of the negative effects of social media mentioned?3. How does the article view the positive aspects of social media?Passage 3...三、完形填空部分（共20分）Once upon a time, in a small village, there lived an old man named John. He was known for his wisdom and kindness. One day, a young boy approached him with a problem. The boy had losthis favorite toy, and he was very upset.John listened to the boy's story and then said, "Life is full of ups and downs. It's important to learn from our losses and to keep moving forward."The boy looked at John with confusion and asked, "But how can I find my toy?"John smiled and said, "Sometimes, the things we lose are not meant to be found. Instead, we should focus on the lessons we learn from the experience."The boy thought about John's words and slowly began to understand the importance of resilience and acceptance.四、语法填空部分（共10分）In recent years, the popularity of online shopping has grown rapidly. Many people prefer to buy products online because it is convenient and time-saving. However, there are also some disadvantages, such as the inability to try products before buying them.1. The popularity of online shopping has grown rapidly because it is convenient and time-saving.2. Despite its convenience, online shopping also has some disadvantages, such as the inability to try products before buying them.五、短文改错部分（共10分）One day, a boy was walking along the street when he suddenly saw a wallet on the ground. He picked it up and found that it was full of money. He decided to hand it in to the police station. The police officer thanked him and asked for his name, but the boy refused to tell. He said that he did not want to receive any reward for his honesty.六、书面表达部分（共30分）假如你是李华，你的美国朋友Tom对中国的传统节日非常感兴趣。

公司员工情绪调研报告员工情绪调研报告一、引言员工情绪对企业的运营和发展起着重要作用，对于了解员工情绪的状况，以及采取相应的措施提高员工的工作满意度和工作效率至关重要。

为了解公司员工的情绪状况，我们进行了一次员工情绪调研。

二、调研方法我们通过发放问卷的方式进行了员工情绪调研。

问卷包括了多个方面的问题，如员工满意度、工作压力、工作环境等。

调研对象为公司所有在职员工。

三、调研结果共发放了200份问卷，并收到了184份有效回答，有效回收率为92%。

1. 员工满意度：调研结果显示，公司员工的整体满意度较高。

约有62%的员工对工作感到满意，25%的员工对工作感到非常满意，只有13%的员工对工作感到不满意。

满意度较高的原因主要包括公司的发展空间、薪资福利、工作环境等。

2. 工作压力：调研结果显示，大约有40%的员工感到工作压力较大，其中5%的员工感到非常大的工作压力。

工作压力的来源主要包括任务过多、工作量大、时间紧迫等。

3. 工作环境：调研结果显示，大多数员工对公司的工作环境较为满意。

约有68%的员工对工作环境感到满意，20%的员工对工作环境感到非常满意，只有12%的员工对工作环境感到不满意。

员工对工作环境较为满意的原因主要包括团队氛围好、上级领导支持适度、办公设备齐全等。

四、结论与建议根据调研结果，可以得出以下结论和建议。

1. 结论：公司员工的整体满意度较高，多数员工对公司的工作环境和发展空间表示满意。

然而，也有部分员工感受到较大的工作压力。

2. 建议：为了进一步提高员工满意度和工作效率，我们提出以下建议：- 减轻工作压力：公司可以考虑对员工的工作任务进行合理的分配，避免将过多任务集中在个别人身上。

此外，公司也可以通过培训和支持措施，帮助员工应对工作压力。

- 改善工作环境：公司可以继续为员工提供舒适的工作环境，确保办公设备的质量和齐全性。

此外，公司还可以加强团队合作氛围的建设，增加员工对团队的归属感。

- 提高员工福利：公司可以考虑适当增加薪资待遇，提供更好的福利政策，激励员工积极性和工作动力。

大学英语六级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷217(题后含答案及解析) 题型有： 3. Reading ComprehensionPart III Reading ComprehensionSection AJason Braddock knew he had to pay for his college education, so he went to work. His first job was with his mother and aunt when he was 7 years old. They paid him $5 a night to do household【C1】______. When he was old enough to get a job on his own, Braddock worked for a【C2】______of fast-food restaurant chains, home improvement retailers and local movie theaters. In college, he【C3】______and worked as a computer tech on campus. Braddock is among the few college graduates who 【C4】______earned a degree, without the help of student loans. Another job that will pay your tuition: the military. James Kendall, 30,【C5】______his bachelor’s degree in criminal justice using the GI Bill, which covers tuition, fees, books and housing. The Michigan native didn’t know what he wanted to do after graduating from high school in May 2001, but quickly decided on a path. He【C6】______as a Navy Seabee for five years of active duty service. During that time Kendall served two tours in Iraq and aided relief efforts for two【C7】______natural disasters—the Indian Ocean tsunami in 2004 and Hurricane Katrina in 2005. Kendall returned to Michigan in 2007 and earned an associate degree from Muskegon Community College before he【C8】______to Grand Valley State University. With his college and living expenses covered, he focused his attention on his school work and his daughter, who was in kindergarten at the time. Kendall volunteered in his daughter’s classroom when he wasn’t attending classes himself. He graduated last month【C9】______debt-free. And his experiences in the military gave him a【C10】______and knowledge that most college students don’t have. A)tutored B)completely C)financed D)proportionally E)catastrophic F)chores G)participated H)self-reliantly I)mutual J)transferred K)series L)accommodations M)enlisted N)perspective O)motion1．【C1】正确答案：F解析：household…作do的宾语，空格应为名词。

Keys to the Exercises
I. Reading Comprehension
II.
Vocabulary
III. Cloze IV. Translation
1
I. Reading Comprehension
EXERCISES
I.
A.Answer the following questions or complete the following statements:
15
II. Vocabulary A
EXERCISES
6. After the election the new government commenced developing the roads. A. considered C. began B. discussed D. halted
16
II. Vocabulary A
8. He had done most of the writing and rewriting himself, reworking key passages again and again. A. restarting B. modifying
C. remaking
D. editing
18
II. Vocabulary A
EXERCISES
1. Though he had apologized, she raised a query on his sincerity.
A. trust
C. examination
B. request
D. question
11
II. Vocabulary A
EXERCISES
2. Discipline in Mr. Brown’s class becomes very slack. A. strict C. serious B. loose D. uncontrollable

2023年6月四级英语作文第一套英文回答：The topic of cultural diversity in the workplace has gained significant attention in recent years as organizations strive to create inclusive and equitable environments. Embracing cultural diversity offers numerous benefits, including enhanced creativity, innovation, and problem-solving capabilities. However, it also presents challenges such as miscommunication, cultural clashes, and biases.To foster cultural diversity successfully, organizations must adopt a multifaceted approach that addresses both systemic and individual-level factors. At the systemic level, it is crucial to create policies and practices that promote inclusion, equity, and respect. This includes providing equal opportunities for all employees regardless of their cultural background, establishing clear communication channels, and offering diversity training andworkshops.At the individual level, individuals need to develop cultural competence, which involves understanding and appreciating different cultures. This can be achieved through active listening, empathy, and a willingness tolearn about other perspectives. It is also important to challenge biases and stereotypes, both conscious and unconscious, and to engage in open and respectful dialogue with colleagues from different cultures.In addition to systemic and individual approaches, organizations can also leverage technology to enhance cultural diversity. Translation and interpretation services, for example, can facilitate communication between employees from different language backgrounds. Teleconferencing and video conferencing technologies can enable remote collaboration and knowledge sharing across geographical and cultural boundaries.Fostering cultural diversity in the workplace is an ongoing journey that requires commitment and collaborationfrom all stakeholders. By adopting a holistic approach that addresses both systemic and individual factors, organizations can create inclusive and equitable environments where all employees feel valued and respected.中文回答：文化多样性对工作场所的影响。

综合测评(二)第一部分听力(共两节,满分30分)第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。

听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

1.How will the man go home?A.By bus.B.By taxi.C.By car.2.How does Bob find the play last night?A.Interesting.B.Special.C.Boring.3.When does the conversation take place?A.In February.B.In April.C.In September.4.What is Amy’s favourite design?A.Figures.B.Animals.C.Flowers.5.What is the most expensive thing that the woman orders?A.Her drink.B.Her bread.C.Her vegetable.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。

每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。

听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。

每段对话或独白读两遍。

听第6段材料,回答第6、7题。

6.Where does the conversation take place?A.In a park.B.At a restaurant.C.In an office.7.What is Alice doing now?A.She’s looking for a new job.B.She’s working for a pany.C.She’s studying at a university.听第7段材料,回答第8至10题。

高三英语学术论文的阅读单选题40题答案解析版1.The main idea of the passage is that_____.A.science is difficult to understand.cation is important for everyone.C.academic papers are useful for research.D.technology is changing our lives.答案：C。

本题考查对文章主旨的理解。

选项 A 中“science is difficult to understand”文章中未提及科学难以理解这一内容。

选项B“education is important for everyone”文章重点并非在论述教育对每个人的重要性。

选项C“academic papers are useful for research”符合文章围绕学术论文在研究中的作用展开论述的主旨。

选项D“technology is changing our lives”文章中未涉及科技改变生活这一话题。

11.The author mentions “data analysis” in the passage to show that _____.A.it is a complex processB.it is crucial for researchC.it requires advanced skillsD.it can be time-consuming答案：B。

解析：文中提到“data analysis”是为了说明它对于研究很关键。

A 选项“它是一个复杂的过程”文中未提及；C 选项“它需要高级技能”文中未体现；D 选项“它很耗时”文中没有相关表述。

12.According to the passage, the main purpose of the study is _____.A.to solve a practical problemB.to test a new theoryC.to compare different methodsD.to explore an unknown area答案：A。

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群体结构- 角色
角色 人们对于在某一社会单元中占据特定位置的个体所期望的一套行为模 式。
角色认同 在一种角色当中,态度与实际行为保持一致。
角色知觉 个体对于自己在特定情境中应该如何表现的认识和 了解。
© 2007 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved.
Multidimensional Scaling Study,” Academy of Managemen©t Jo2u0rn0a7l, APprrile1n99t5i, cp.e56H5.all Inc. All rights reserved.
EXHIBIT 9–5
© 2007 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved.
© 2007 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved.
群体思维现象表现出多种症状
• 群体成员把任何与他们假设不一致的意见 合理化
• 对于那些对群体的共同观点有怀疑的人,群 体成员会对他们施加直接压力
• 那些持有怀疑态度或不同看法的人,往往通 过保持沉默,来尽量避免与群体观点的不一 致。
• 缺点 – 浪费时间 较慢 – 增加了从众压力
– 可能会被少数人控制 局面
– 责任不明
© 2007 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved.
群体决策
群体思维 由于群体中从众压力的影响,严重抑制了那些不同寻常的、由少数派提 出的或不受欢迎的观点。
群体偏移 在讨论备选方案、进行决策的过程中,群体成员倾向于放大自己最初的立 场或观点。群体整体决策与成员个人决策之间的决策风险改变要么倾向 于保守偏移,要么是冒险偏移。

OB复习题一、名词解释1、Learning: Any relatively permanent change in behavior that occurs as a result of experience.2、Attitude: Evaluate statements or judgements concerning objects,people,or events.3、Informal Group: A group that is neither formally structured nor organizationally determined; appears in response to the need for social contact.4、Communication:The transference and understanding of meaning.5、Leadership:The ability to influence a group toward the achievement of goals.6、Organization :A consciously coordinated social unit,composed of two or more people,that functions on a relatively continuous basis to achieve a common goal or set of goals.7、Motivation:The process that account for an individual's intensity,direction,and persistence of effort toward attaining a goal.8、Personality:The sum total of ways in which an individual reacts and interacts with thers.9、Negotiation:A process in which two or more parties exchange goods or services and attempt to agree on the exchange rate for them.二、掌握的知识点1、Attitude:①implication above;②It can be seen by looking at the three components: cognition, affect, and behavior.③Most research in OB has been concerned with three types of attitudes: job satisfaction, job involvement, and organizational commitment.④Attitude and Consistency: Research has generally concluded that people seek consistency among their attitudes and between their attitudes and their behavior.⑤Cognitive Dissonance Theory: No individual, of course, can completely avoid dissonance. If the elements creating the dissonance are relatively unimportant, the pressure to correct this imbalance will be low. The degree of influence that individuals believe that they have over the elements will have an impact on how they will react to the dissonance. High rewards accompanying high dissonance tend to reduce the tension inherent in the dissonance.⑥Measuring the A-B(attitude-behavior) relationship:A. Moderating Variables: The more specific the attitude and the more specific the behavior, the stronger the link between the two.B. Self-perception theory: Attitudes are used after the fact to make sense out of an action that has already occurred.⑦An application—Attitude Surveys: Elicit responses from employees through questionnaires about how they feel about their jobs, work groups, supervisors(监督者), and the organization.⑧Attitude and Workforce Diversity(劳动多样性): It is increasingly concerned with changing employee attitudes to reflect shifting perspectives on racial, gender, and other diversity issues.2、Job involvement: It is a kind of the degree to which a person identifies with his or her job, actively participates in it, and considers his or her performance important to self-worth.3、The big five model:The Big-Five model includes the following five factors:①Extroversion: A personality dimension describing someone who is sociable, gregarious(协;（信任的）), and assertive作的．②Agreeableness: A personality dimension describing someone who is good-natured, cooperative, and trusting.③Conscientiousness: A personality dimension describing someone who is responsible, dependable, persistent, and organized.④Emotional stability: A personality dimension characterizing someone as calm, self-confident, secure(positive) versus nervous, depressed, and insecure(negative).⑤Openness to experience: A personality dimension characterizing someone in terms of imagination, sensitivity, and curiosity.4、Maslow's hierarchy of needs: There is a hierarchy of five needs,as each need is substantiallysatisfied, the next need become dominant. These needs are:①Physiological: as hunger, thirst, shelter, sex, and other bodily needs.②Safety: as security and protection from physical and emotional harm.③Social: as affection, belongingness, acceptance, friendship.④Esteem: internal esteem: as self-respect, autonomy(自主), achievement; external esteem: as status, recognition, attention.⑤Self-actualization: as growth, achieving one's potential, self-fulfillment.5、Two-Factor Theory: In this theory, intrinsic factors are related to job satisfaction, while extrinsic factors are associated with dissatisfaction.Intrinsic factors,such as advancement, recognition, responsibility, and achievement. Respondents who feel good about their work tend to attribute these factors to themselves.Extrinsic factors, such as supervision, pay, company policies, working conditions, job security, relationship with others, will be cited when respondents dissatisfy. And these can be included in hygiene factors, while they are adequate, people will not be dissatisfied.6、ERG theory: It is a revised version of Maslow's hierarchy of needs, consisting of three groups of core needs: existence, relatedness, growth.Existence: concerned with providing our basic material, including physiological and safety.Relatedness: social and status desires require interaction with others, including social and the external component of esteem.Growth: including the intrinsic component of esteem and self-actualization.7、Group:①Defining: Two or more individuals, interacting and interdependent, who have come togetherto achieve particular objectives. People join groups because of security, status, self-esteem, affiliation, power, goal achievements.②Classifying: Formal groups: command group, task group ; Informal groups: interest group, friendship group.***Stages of Group Development refer to “掌握的知识点12”③Group structure: Roles(Role Identity, Role Perception, Role Expectations, Role conflict) ; Norms(Common Classes of Norms, Conformity(从众), Deviant(偏离) Workplace Behavior) ; Status ; Size ; Cohesiveness(零距离).***Group Decision Making refer to “简答9”8、Trait Theories: They consider personal qualities and characteristics that differentiate leadersfrom nonleaders according to the following seven traits: ambition and energy, the desire to lead, honesty and integrity, self-confident, intelligence, high self-monitoring, job-relevant knowledge.9、Double-loop learning: Learning organizations use double-loop learning.Errors are corrected by modifying the organization's objectives, policies, and standard routines.In this way, it provides opportunities for radically different solutions to problems and dramatic jumps in improvement.10、Selective perception: People selectively interpret what they see on the basis of their interests,background, experience, and attitudes,which is called selective perception.11、Methods of shaping behavior: Shaping behavior Systematically reinforces each successive step that moves an individual closer to the desired response.There are four ways to shape behavior:①through positive reinforcement,②through negative reinforcement,③punishment,④extinction(消亡).12、Five-stage group-development model:①Forming stage: the first stage in group development, characterized by much uncertainty.②Storming stage: the second stage in group development, characterized by intragroupconflict.③Norming stage: the third stage in group development, characterized by close relationshipsand cohesiveness.④Performing stage: the fourth stage in group development, when the group is fullyfunctional.⑤Adjourning stage: the final stage in group development for temporary groups,characterized by concern with wrapping up activities rather than task performance.三、简答1、List the Henri Fayol's five management functions and today's four management functions.Henri Fayol's five management functions: plan, organize, command, coordinate, control.Today's four management functions: planning, organizing, leading, controlling.2、List the 10 different , highly interrelated management roles.Interpersonal roles include: figurehead(虚君), leader, liaison（联络者）Informational roles include: monitor（监听者）, disseminator（消息发布者）, spokesperson （发言人）Decisional roles include: entrepreneur, disturbance handler（控制者）, resource allocator, negotiator3、Explain the three essential management skills that Robert Katz has identified.①Technical Skills: They encompass the ability to apply specialized knowledge or expertise.②Human Skills: They refer to the ability to work with, understand, and motivate otherpeople, both individually and in groups.③Conceptual Skills: They refer to the mental ability to analyse and diagnose complexsituations.4、List three theories of learning.①Classical Conditioning: It grew out of experiments by Russia physiologist Ivan Pavlov. It isa type of conditioning in which an individual responds to some stimulus that would not ordinarily produce such a response.②Operant Conditioning: It is a type of conditioning in which desired voluntary behavior leadsto a reward or prevents a punishments.Social Learning: That is people can learn through observation an direct experience.③5、Explain classical conditioning.Classical Conditioning grew out of experiments by Russia physiologist Ivan Pavlov. It is atype of conditioning in which an individual responds to some stimulus that would not ordinarily produce such a response.6、Briefly describe personality-job fit theory and its six typology of personality.Personality-job fit theory identifies six personality types and proposes that the fit between personality type and occupational environment determines satisfaction and turnover.①Realistic: He or she prefers physical activities that require skill, strength, and coordination.②Investigative: He or she prefers activities that involve thinking, organizing, and understanding.③Social: He or she prefers activities that involve helping and developing others.④Conventional: He or she prefers rule-regulated, orderly, and unambiguous activities.⑤Enterprising: He or she prefers verbal activities in which there are opportunities to influence others and attain power.⑥Artistic: He or she prefers ambiguous and unsystematic activities that allow creative expression.8、List the barriers to effective communication.①Filtering(消息走样): It refers to a sender's manipulation(操作) of information that so that itwill be seen more favorably by the receiver.②Selective Perception: The receivers in the communication process selectively see and hear based on their needs, motivations, experiences, background, and other personal characteristics.③Information Overload: It is a condition in which information inflow exceeds an individual's processing capacity.④Defensiveness: When people feel threatened, they tend to react in ways that reduce theirability to achieve mutual understanding.⑤Language: Age, education, cultural background are three of the more obvious variables that influence the language a person uses an the definitions he or she gives to words.⑥Communication Apprehension: It is another barrier that makes people suffer from undue tension and anxiety about oral communication, written communication, or both.9、Describe strengths and weaknesses of group decision making.Strengths: ①Groups generate more complete information and knowledge.②Groups offer increased diversity of views.③Groups generate higher-quality decisions.④Groups lead to increased acceptance of solutions.Weaknesses: ①Groups decision making are time consuming.②They're conformity(从众) pressures in groups.③They can be dominated by one or a few members.④They suffer from ambiguous responsibility.10、Describe the reasons why individuals and organizations may resist change.Individuals' resistance sources:①Habit;②Security;③Economic factors;④Fear of the unknown;⑤Selective information processing.Organizations' resistance sources:①Structural inertia(惯性);②Limited focus of change;③Group inertia;④Threat to expertise;⑤Threat to established power relationships;⑥Threat to established).资源配置resource allocations(11、What is stress? How does an individual manage stresses?(1)Stress is a dynamic condition in which an individual is confronted with an opportunity, constraint, or demand related to what he or she desires and for which the outcome is perceived tobe both uncertain and important.(2)Individual strategies that have proven effective include implementing four approaches:①time-management techniques,②increasing physical exercise,③relaxation training, such as meditation, hypnosis, biofeedback.④expending the social support network.12、Describe the Big-Five model.The Big-Five model includes the following five factors:①Extroversion: A personality dimension describing someone who is sociable, gregarious(协作的), and assertive（信任的）;②Agreeableness: A personality dimension describing someone who is good-natured,cooperative, and trusting.③Conscientiousness: A personality dimension describing someone who is responsible, dependable, persistent, and organized.④Emotional stability: A personality dimension characterizing someone as calm,self-confident, secure(positive) versus nervous, depressed, and insecure(negative).⑤Openness to experience: A personality dimension characterizing someone in terms of imagination, sensitivity, and curiosity.四、案例1、The new schoolmaster said:”teachers' hard work and creation should not be forgotten. As teachers neither can be paid according to their amount of work nor can they carry out their jobs by individual contract like the peasant do, we have to file their merits and achievements to overcomethe abuse of qualified jobs and unqualified jobs are paid same. The file has authority and may actas the objective bases for teachers' promotion, reward and so on. It is the treasure of our schooland only merits and achievements are filed.”After the establishing of the file, every teacher startsto work hard.Try to use the motivation theory of needs to analyze and discuss the reasons why the above management methods can be effective.Request:1, the establishment of the file proves that the new schoolmaster takes teachers achievements seriously and evaluates them by their job effectiveness.2，the establishment of the file makes teachers pay more attention to the job itself and increasetheir responsibility.Key theories are:3, Maslow's theory emphasizes on the higher-order needs, especially the need of self-actualization. It also takes note of ways offering self-actualization.4, Two-factor theory pays more attention to use motivation factors, such as the work itself, achievement and so on, to stimulate teachers' enthusiasm.5, McClelland's theory of needs takes people's achievement very seriously. He believed that some people had strong motives to achieve success and what they pursued was self-achievement while not the reward of success.2、One schoolmaster uses three ways to manage his teachers. For young teachers, especially those newly-coming teachers, he arranges their jobs monthly and tells them what to do. For middle-aged teachers, he cares about their lives and often listens to their advices on teaching. For old-aged teachers, he only cares about their health and does not interfere with their daily teaching.Do you agree on the methods used by the schoolmaster? Why? Try to analyze it using theories you have learned.Answer:1), The method that the schoolmaster uses is correct.2), It is leadership theory. For young teachers, they are still immature in teaching, so the schoolmaster uses directive leader behavior to arrange jobs and teaches them what to do. For middle-aged teachers, as they are relatively more mature than young teachers, what the schoolmaster uses is participative leader behavior. That is , he often listens to their advices. For old-aged teachers, as they are already very mature in teaching, what the schoolmaster uses is authorization.3、Wang Jun is director of human resource department in a company. Recently he feels sad extremely for the resignation（辞职书）of key men in his company, because they think their income less than their contributions. The facts are quite true. However, The company believes if going out they can do nothing since their achievements depend on the support of company. The two men feel angry and sent their resignations.Request:(1)Why did the key men want to sent their resignations according to fair theory?(2)What would you do, if you were in the situation of Wang Jun?Fair Theory: Individuals compare their job inputs and outcomes with those of others and then respond to eliminate inequities.Four referent comparisons: Self- inside----An employee's experiences in a different positions inside his or her current organization. Self-outside----An employee's experiences in a situation or position outside his or her current organization. Other-inside----Another individual or group of individuals inside the employee's organization. Other-outside----Another individual or group of individuals outside the employee's organization.Give payment by time, production.4、Last month the administrative department of a large glasses factory in Shenzhen issued a document for locking toilet in working time. If employees wanted to toilet, they should be allowed to it. To this, the administration supervisor of that factory explained that slack work was very serious, such as smoking, reading newspapers, reading book for a long time in toilet, which influenced production. So, the management layer conference made up the rules, and the boss alsoagreed the performance.(1)Please explain this phenomenon according to “economic person”suppose theories.(2)Please give your opinions, if that company carries out this measure, which react is on employee's psychology and behavior.Economic person, four assumptions：Employees inherently dislike work and whenever possible, will attempt to avoid it. Since they dislike work, they must be coerced(强制), controlled, or threat-ended with punishment to achieve goals. Employees will avoid responsibilities and seek formal directions whenever possible. Most workers place security above all other factors associated with work and will display little ambition.。

2024年教师资格（中学）-英语学科知识与教学能力（初中）考试历年真题摘选附带答案第1卷一.全考点押密题库(共100题)1.(单项选择题)(每题2.00 分) Don't be afraid of asking for help→ ←it is needed.A. unlessB. sinceC. althoughD. when2.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Do you want to see the effects of global warming? Then head north. Will Steger is going to take all of us there. Steger, 64, the first person to make a dogsled trip to the Noah Pole, is a very famous and admired polar explorer. He's at home in frozen parts of the world where few humans ever step on. Steger is also a devoted environmentalist who was early to ring the alarm bell on global warming. He saw its effects firsthand in frequent polar expeditions to the Arctic and Antarctica.Steger is about to lead a team of six young adventurers on a 1,400-mile,60-day-long dogsled trip across Ellesmere Island, in the Canadian Arctic. The sea ice in that region should still be frozen. "We want to take our audience to the front lines of global warming, "says Steget. The team will be uploading videos, stories and photos to the website global-warming, com as they march along, allowing armchair adventurer's and kids in classrooms to follow their progress day to day. "We can actually bring the audience up there," Steger says.Steger's team will include some already-famous young explorers. Sam Branson, the 22- year-old son of British airline tycoon(大亨)Richard Branson, is an experienced Arctic traveler. Also on the journey will be 27-year-old Norwegian Sigrid Ekran. Last year, Ekran became only the second woman in history to win Rookie(新秀)of the Year for the Iditarod Sled Dog Race. What they will see may be surprising. Even Steger doesn't know exactly what to expect. Climate change has already reshaped the geography of the Arctic, "Within a decade or less, it's goingto be impossible to reach the North Pole by dog team, without flotation (漂流),"says Steger. Climate change is happening, but people can change too. Their willingness to change will determine the shape of Earth's future. Steger is about to organize the adventure to the Arctic in order to→ ←.A. let more people enjoy its natural beautyB. collect evidence for his scientific researchC. let people realize the bad effects of global warmingD. develop the young people's adventurous and brave spirit3.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Which of the following sets of English sounds differs only in one distinctive feature?→ ←A. [v][e][i:][e]B. [f][z][?][i]C. [i:][i][e][?]D. [p][i][e][s]4.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Which of the following sets of English sounds differs only in one distinctive feature?_A. [v][e][i:][e]B. [f][z][?][i]C. [i:][i][e][?]D. [p][i][e][s]5.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) There are two factors which determine an individual’s intelligence. The first is the sort of brain he is bom with. Human brains differ considerably, some being more capable than others. But no matter how good a brain he has to begin with, an individual will have a low order of intelligence unless he has opportunities to learn. So the second factor is what happens to the individual——the sort of environment in which he is brought up. if an individual is handicappedenvironmentally, it is likely that his brain will fail to develop and he will never attain the level of intelligence of which he is capable.The importance of environment in determining an individual’s intelligence can be demonstrated by the ease history of the identical twins, Peter and Mark. Being identical, the twins had identical brains at birth, and their growth processes were the same. When the twins were three months old, their parents died, and they were placed in separate foster homes. Peter was raised by parents of low intelligence in an isolated community with poor educational opportunities. Mark was reared in the home of well-to-do parents who had been to college. He was read to as a child, sent to good schools, and given every opportunity to be stimulated intellectually. This environmental difference continued until the twins were in their late teens, when they were given tests to me asure their intelligence. Mark’s I.Q. was 125, twenty-five points higher than the average and fully forty points higher than his identical brother. Given equal opportunities, the twins, having identical brains, would have tested at roughly the same level. The case history of the twins appears to support the conclusion that→ ←A. individuals with identical brains seldom test at the same levelB. an individual’s intelligence is determined only by his environmentC. lack of opportunity blocks the growth of intelligenceD. changes of environment produce changes in the structure of the brain6.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Passage TwoRespect is not included in the marriage vows. No illustrated books show how to achieve it. And yet it is central to a lasting, satisfying marriage.What is this thing called respect? It is not the same as admiration. "When you fall in love, you admire the other, "says Dr. Alexandra Symonds, associate clinical professor of psychiatry at the New York University, School of Medicine.” You look up to someone-much the way a child idealizes a parent.”Such romantic admiration thrives and even depends on the illusion that he or she is "perfect for you.95 Thafs why it doesnt last. "You come to see that the person you married isnt exactly what you expected.", says Francine Klagsbrun. "There are differences of personality, of approaches to life, different ways of doing things. ”You can try to change your mate back into your fantasy. But for the marriage to last and grow its better to →agree to disagree←, to learn to let each other be. Only by taking this path can you begin to develop real respect toward each other.“I have one patient whose husband loves sports，especially tennis，”says Dr. Symonds.” She would prefer to go to the theatre, or to stay at home and read. She could simply say, ‘We have different tastes.’ Instead, she says, How can he waste his time and money that way? She puts him down."The put-down is the chief symptom and weapon of lack of respect or contempt. "Contempt is the w orst kind of emotion.” says Symonds. "You feel the other person has no worth.’ We’ve all seen marriages in which one or both partners attack the other quite savagely in the guise of Its for your own good. Any "good" is→ undone ←by the hostile tone. A wife nags her husband to be more ambitious and makes him feel like a failure because he prefers craftsman- ship or community projects to the competitive business world. Or a husband accuses his wife of wasting time whenever she gets together with a friend. "Why isnt she doing something productive?"In good marriage partners nurture each others self-esteem. They may express humorous incomprehension of one anothers preferences, but they never make the other person feel like an idiot. "Martyrs idea of a vacation is to go down to the basement on a sunny day and spend time woodworking, "says Dr. Alexandra Symonds of her husband, psychiatrist and surgeon Martin Symond.But theres fondness in the gibes and firm support for the others right to be himself. Respect is expressed in words like. ul dont want to go to the concert, but you have a great And occasionally, "Sure, III come with you. Just dont him angry if I fall asleep. " Respect, then is appreciation of the separateness of the other person, of the ways in which he or she is unique. These things take time to discover and accept.Thats the paradox of a good marriage: only by respecting each other as you are do you open the door to change. The root meaning of the word respect is "to look at". Respect is a clear yet loving eye. It sees what is really there, but it also sees what is potentially there and helps bring it to fruition. Respect is the art of love by which married couples honorwhat is unique and best in each other.The underlined phrase "→agree to disagree”←in Paragraph 4 means that____.A. one should realize that no two people are the sameB. one should be keen to find out his or her partners meritsC. one should face the reality that his or her partner is not a perfect personD. one should realize that he or she should appreciate differences on the part of his or her partner7.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Which of the following activities can be used to check students’ understanding of difficult sentences in the text? ( )A. ParaphrasingB. Blank-fillingC. Story—tellingD. Summarizing8.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) I could speak→ ←Japanese→ ←Chinese, soI had to talk with him in English.A. not only; but alsoB. both; andC. neither; norD. either; or9.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) When a teacher says “Next, please pay attention to the time of arrival and departure of the planes in the recording”，he/she intends to develop the students’ skill of______.A. predictingB. getting the general picturesC. distinguishing soundsD. getting specific information10.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Allen placed too much→ ←on sports and not enough on his studies.A. agitationB. emphasisC. hesitationD. interest11.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) We went right round to the west coast by→ ←sea instead of driving across→ ←continent.A. the; theB. /; theC. the; /D. /;/12.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) In which of the following situations is the teacher playing the role of observer?→ ←A. Giving feedback and dealing with errors.B. Organizing students to do activities by giving instructions.C. Walking around to see how each student performs in group work.D. Offering help to those who need it both in ideas and language.13.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Which of the following teacher' s instructions could serve purpose of eliciting ideas?A. Shall we move on?B. Read after me everyoneC. What can you see in this picture?D. What does the word “quickly” mean?14.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Mr. Wang gave all the textbooks to all the students,except→ ←who had already taken them.A. theseB. thatC. the onesD. the others15.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Some farmers saw→ ←in the sky.A. strange somethingB. something strangeC. strange anythingD. anything strange16.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) "Now, did the questions help you understand the text better?" What is the teacher doing by saying this in terms of instruction?→ ←A. observing the activityB. evaluating the activityC. monitoring the activityD. controlling the activity17.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) "There is a senseless notion that children grow up and leave home when theyre 18, and the truth is far from that," says sociologist Larry Bumpass of the University of Wisconsin. Today, unexpected numbers of young adults are living with their parents, "there is a major shift in the middle class," declares sociologist Allan Schnaibergof Northwestern University, whose son, 19, moved back in after an absence of eight months.Analysts cite a variety of reasons for this return to the nest. The marriage age is rising,a condition that makes home and its pleasantness particularly attractive to young people.A high divorce rate and a declining remarriage rate are sending economically pressed and emotionally hurt survivors back to parental shelters. For some, the expense of anaway-from-home college education has become so excessively great that many students now attend local schools. Even after graduation, young people find their wings clipped by skyrocketing housing costs.Living at home, says Knighton, a school teacher, continues to give her security and moral support. Her mother agreed, "Its ridiculous for the kids to pay all that money for rent.It makes sense for kids to stay at home. " But sharing the family home requires adjustmentsfor all. There are the hassles over bathrooms, telephones and privacy. Some families, however, manage the delicate balancing act. But for others, it proves too difficult. Michelle Del Turco,24, has been home three times and left three times. "What I considered a social drink,my dad considered an alcohol problem," she explains. "He never liked anyone I dated, so I either had to hide away or meet them at friends house.Just how long should adult children live with their parents before moving on? Mostpsychologists feel lengthy home comings are a mistake. Children, struggling to establish separate identities, can end up with "a sense of inadequacy, defeat and failure." And aging parents, who should be enjoying some financial and personal freedom, find themselves stuckwith responsibilities. Many agree that brief visits, however, can work beneficially.According to the author, there was once a trend in the U. S.→←.A. for young adults to leave their parents and live independentlyB. for middle class young adults to stay with their parentsC. for married young adults to move back home after a lengthy absenceD. for young adults to get jobs nearby in order to live with their parents18.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Which of the following belongs to the communicativeapproach?→ ←A. Focus on accuracyB. Focus on fluencyC. Focus on strategiesD. Focus on comprehension19.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Who is the author of The Scarlet Letter?→ ←.A. Ralph Waldo EmersonB. Henry DavidC. Washington IrvingD. Nathaniel Hawthorne20.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) If a teacher asks students to concentrate on such featuresas structure, coherence and cohesion of a test he/she aims at developing students’→ ←.A. strategic competenceB. cultural awarenessC. communicative competenceD. discourse awareness21.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Dr.Smith was always→ ←the poor and the sick,often providing them with free medical care.A. reminded ofB. absorbed inC. tended byD. concerned about22.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Would you like→ ←music?A. to listen toB. to listeningC. listeningD. listening to23.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Jimmy asked Mary to lend him some money, which she agreed to,→ ←that he paid her back the following month.A. on occasionB. in caseC. under circumstanceD. on condition24.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) It was with great joy______ he knew that his GMAT score as 670, high enough to apply to a top university of business.A. whenB. withC. whatD. that25.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) What is the teacher doing by saying this in terms of instruction? "Now, did the questions h elp you understand the text better?”→ ←A. observing the activityB. evaluating the activityC. monitoring the activityD. controlling the activity26.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Scholastic thinkers held a wide variety of doctrines in both philosophy and theology, the study of religion. What gives unity to the whole Scholastic movement, the academic practice in Europe from the 9th to the 17th centuries, are the common aims, attitudes, and methods, generally accepted by all its members. The chief concern of the Scholastics was not to discover new facts but to integrate the knowledge already acquired separately by Greek reasoning and Christian revelation. This concern is one of the most characteristic differences between Scholasticism and modem thought since the Renaissance. The basic aim of the Scholastics determined certain common attitudes, the most important of which was their conviction of the fundamental harmony between reason and revelation. The Scholastics maintained that because the same God was the source of both types of knowledge and truth was one of his chief attributes, he could not contradict himself in these two ways of speaking. Any apparent opposition between revelation and reason could be traced either to an incorrect use of reason or to an inaccurate interpretation of the words of revelation. Because the Scholastics believed that revelation was the direct teaching of God, it possessed for them a higher degree of truth and certainty than did natural reason. In apparent conflicts between religious faith and philosophic reasoning, faith was thus always the supreme arbiter; the theologian’s decision overruled that of the philosopher. After the early 13th century, Scholastic thought emphasized more the independence of philosophy within its own domain. Nonetheless, throughout the Scholastic period, philosophy was called the servant of theology, not only because the truth of philosophy was subordinated to that of theology, but also because the theologian used philosophy to understand and explain revelation.This attitude of Scholasticism stands in sharp contrast to the so-called double-truth theory of the Spanish-Arab philosopher and physician Averroes. His theory assumed that truth was accsssible to both philosophy and Islamic theology but that only philosophy could attain it perfectly. The so-called truths of theology served, hence, as imperfect imaginative expressions for the common people of the authentic truth accessible only to philosophy. Averroes maintained that philosophic truth could even contradict, at least verbally，the teachings of Islamic theology.As a result of their belief in the harmony between faith and reason, the scholastics attempted to determine the precise scope and competence of each of these faculties. Many early Scholastics，such as the Italian ecclesiastic and philosopher Stanselm, did not clearly distinguish the two and were overconfident that reason could prove certain doctrines of revelation. Later, at the height of the mature period of Scholasticism, the Italian theologian and philosopher St. Thomas Aquinas worked out a balance between reason and revelation. It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 of the text that→ ←.A. the position of philosophy as a humble servant was acceptedB. religion had turned into a hamper to the functioning of philosophyC. philosophers often quoted revelation to support themselvesD. philosophers were sometimes referred to in religious practice27.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Language is a tool of communication. The symbol “Highway Closed” on a highway serves→ ←.A. an expressive functionB. an informative functionC. a performative functionD. a persuasive function28.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Just recently the trustees of Social Security and Medicare issued their annual reports on the programs futures. Heres one startling fact: By 2030 the projected costs of Social Security and Medicare could easily consume via higher taxes-a third of workers future wage and salary increases. Were mortgaging workers future pay gains for baby boomers retirement benefits.This matters because Social Security and Medicare are pay-as-you-go programs. Current taxpayers pay current benefits. Future taxpayers will pay future benefits. Baby boomers retirement benefits will come mostly from their children and grandchildren, who will be tomorrow’s workers. Consequently, baby boomers children and grandchildren face massive tax increases. Social Security and Medicare spending now equals 14 percent of wage and salary income, reports Elizabeth Bell, a research assistant to Eugene Steuerle of the Urban Institute, Washington, D. C. By 2030, using the trustees various projections, that jumps to 26 percent. Of course, payroll taxes dont cover all the costs of Social Security and Medicare. Still, these figures provide a crude indicator of the economic burden, because costs are imposed heavily on workers via some tax, government borrowing and cuts in other government programs.It can be argued that the costs are bearable. The wage gains in the trustees reports could prove too pessimistic. Like all forecasts, theyre subject to errors. Even if they come true, they assume that tomorrow’s wages will be higher than today’s. Productivity increases; wages rise. In 2030, under the trustees "intermediate" assumptions, workers before tax incomes would be about a third higher than now, says Tom Saving of Texas A&M University. Whats the complaint if workers lost through steeper taxes-some of that? Why shouldnt they generously support parents and grandparents? Well, maybe they will. But there are at least two possible flaws in this logic.The first is that, on a year-to-year basis, wage gains would be tiny-less than 1 percent. When theyve gotten that low before, people have complained that theyre "on a treadmill" and that the American dream has been withdrawn. Even these gains might be diluted by further tax increases to trim today’s already swollen budget deficits. The second and more serious threat is that higher taxes would harm the economy. They might dull economic vitality by reducing investment and the rewards for work and risk-taking. Productivity and wage gains might be smaller than predicted. Then we’d flirt with that death spiral: Wed need still higher taxes to pay benefits, but those taxes might depress economic growth more.One way or another, workers may get fed up with paying so much of their paychecks to supportretirees, many of whom were living quite comfortably. So we ought to redefine the generational compact to lighten the burden of an aging population on workers. The needed steps are clear:to acknowledge longer life expectancies by slowly raising eligibility ages for Social Security and Medicare; to limit future spending by curbing retirement benefits for thebetter-off; to keep people in the productive economy longer by encouraging jobs that mix "work” and "retirement".The main tax base for Social Security and Medicare is→←.A. retirement benefitsB. the wage and salaryC. governments budgetD. trustee fund29.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) When a teacher teaches young learners English pronunciation,he should→ ←.A. Listen as much as possibleB. input regardless of students' abilityC. tolerate small errors in continuous speechD. read more English materials30.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Total physical response as a TEFL which is more aften usedfor teaching________.A. childrenB. adultsC. ESP courseD. GE course31.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Which of the following correctly describes the word stress?→ ←A. accelerate, accelerated, acceleration, acceleratingB. AcceLerate, accelerated, acceLeration, acceleratingC. accelerate, Accelerated, acceleration, acceleratingD. accelerate, accelerated, acceleration, Accelerating32.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Being a direct relative of the deceased, her claim to the estate was_____.A. optionalB. compulsoryC. legitimateD. prominent33.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Which of the following activities does not belong topre-reading activities?→ ←A. scanningB. setting the sceneC. skimmingD. paraphrasing34.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Where is Love? How can we find Love?The past ages of man have all been carefully labeled by anthropologists. Descriptions like "Paleolithic Man", "Neolithic Man", etc., neatly sum up the whole periods. When the timecomes for anthropologists to turn their attention to the twentieth century, they will surely choose the label "Legless Man". Histories of the time will go something like this. "In the twentieth century, people forgot how to use their legs. Men and women moved about in cars, buses and trains from a very early age. There were lifts and escalators in all large buildings to prevent people from walking. This situation was forced upon earth dwellers of that time because of miles each day. But the surprising thing is that they didn't use their legs even when they went on holiday. They built cable railways, ski lifts and roads to the top of every huge mountain. All the beauty spots on earth were marred by the presence of large car parks." The future history books might also record that we were deprived of the use of our eyes. In our hurry to get from one place to another，we failed to see anything on the way. Air travel gives you a bird's eye view of the world-or even less if the wing of the aircraft happens to get in your way. When you travel by car or train a blurred image of the countryside constantly smears the windows. Car drivers, in particular, are forever obsessed with the urge to go on and on: they never want to stop. Is it the lure of the great motorways, or what? And as for sea travel, it hardly deserves mention. It is perfectly summed up in the words of the old song: "I joined the navy to see the world, and what did I see? I saw the sea". The typical twentieth century traveler is the man who always says, "I've been there. " You mention the remotest, most evocative place names in the world like E1 Dorado, Kabul, Irkutsk and someone is bound to say, "I've been there meaning" I drove through it at 100 miles an hour on the way to somewhere else ".When you travel at high speed, the present means nothing; you live mainly in the future because you spend most of your time looking forward to arriving at some other place. But actual arrival, when it is achieved, is meaningless. You want to move on again. By traveling like this, you suspend all experience; the present ceases to be a reality: you might just as well be dead. The traveler on foot, on the other hand, lives constantly in the present. For him traveling and arriving is one and the same thing: he arrives somewhere with every step be makes. He experiences the present moment with his eyes, his ears and the whole of his body. At the end of his journey he feels a delicious physical weariness. He knows that sound satisfying sleep will be just the reward of all true travelers. Traveling at high speed means→←.A. people's focus on the futureB. a pleasureC. satisfying drivers' great thrillD. a necessity of life35.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Passage TwoThere was a time in my life when beauty meant something special to .me. I guess that would have been when I was about six or seven years old，just several weeks or maybe a month before the orphanage (孤儿院)turned me into an old man.I would get up every morning at the orphanage, make my bed just like the little soldier that I had become and then I would get into one of the two straight lines and march to breakfast with the other twenty or thirty boys who also lived inmy dormitory.After breakfast one Saturday morning I returned to the dormitory and saw the house parent chasing the beautiful monarch butterflies who lived by the hundreds in the bushes scattered around the orphanage.I carefully watched as he caught these beautiful creatures, one after another, and then took them from the net and then stuck straight pins through their head and wings, pinning them onto a heavy cardboard sheet.How cruel it was to kill something of such beauty. I had walked many times out into the bushes, all by myself, just so the butterflies could land on my head, face and hands so I could look at them up close.When the telephone rang the house parent laid the large cardboard paper down on the back cement (水泥) step and went inside to answer the phone. I walked up to the cardboard and looked at the one butterfly who he had just pinned to the large paper. It was still moving about so I reached down and touched it on the wing causing one of the pins to fall out. It started flying around and around trying to get away but it was still pinned by the one wing with the other straight pin. Finally its wing broke off and the butterfly fell to the ground and just trembled.I picked up the tom wing and the butterfly and I spat on its wing and tried to get it to stick back on so it could fly away and be free before the house parent came back. But it would not stay on him. The author set the living butterfly free because______ .A. he liked it very muchB. he had sympathy for the beautiful butterflyC. he couldn't bear a butterfly dying in his favorite bushesD. its wing broke off36.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) The machine looked like a large，old-fashioned→←typewriter.A. forcefulB. clumsyC. intenseD. tricky37.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) → ←is the home of golf.A. EnglandB. ScotlandC. WalesD. Ireland38.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Last Friday a storm swept through two villages in the New Territories, destroying fourteen homes. Seven others were so badly damaged that their owners had to leave them, and fifteen others had broken windows or broken roofs. One person was killed, several were badly hurt and taken to hospital, and a number of other people received smaller hurt. Altogether over two hundred people were homeless after the storm.A farmer, Mr.Tan, said that the storm began early in the morning and lasted for over an hour. "I was eating with my wife and children, "he said, "When we heard a loud noise. A few minutes later our house fell down on top of US. We tried our best to climb out but then I saw that one of my children was missing. I went back inside and found him. safe but very frightened."Mr s. Woo Mei Fong said that her husband had just left for work when she felt that her house was moving. She ran outside at once with her children ."There was no time to take anything,"she said, "A few minutes later, the roof came down."Soldiers helped to take people out of the flooded area and the welfare department brought them food, clothes and shelter.Which of the following may be the best title for this passage?→←。