虚拟语气1

虚拟语⽓1.b e型虚拟（基本是套路）2.w ere型虚拟3.if条件句及主句虚拟形式⽤法⽤法1)表⽰“命令、建议、要求”等意义词语之后的宾语从句⽤b e型虚拟，常⻅的词如下：d e m an d,d es i re,i ns i s t,or d er,as k,co mm an d,p ro p ose,reco mm en d,sugges t,p re f er,re q u i re,re q ues t等最常⻅的形式是这类动词后⾯接着一个宾语从句，则宾语从句的谓语部分要⽤(s h oul d）+动词原形来虚拟2)表⽰主观看法，常表⽰“某事是必要的、重要的。

怎么怎么样的”，尤其是在“it i s+名词/形容词+th a t 从句”结构中，常⻅的形容词包括：a dvi sab le,d es i ra b le,essen ti al, imp era tiv e, imp or t an t, necessar y, o b l i ga t or y,p ro p er, di s p ensa b le, imp oss ib le,na t ural,sur p r i s i ng等明智的、可取的、必要的、必要性的、重要的、必需的、强制性的、适当的、可有可⽆的、不可能的、⾃然的、令⼈惊讶的3）表⽰“恐怕,担⼼,以免，万一”等,例如：if,les t,i n case,f orf ear th a t等，后 ⾯的从句⽤(s h oul d)+动词原形来虚拟 注意：这⾥的if不是引导条件句，⽽是表⽰“以防”、“万一”4)b e型虚拟还⽤于表⽰“祝愿”的特殊结构，通常是M a y+主语+动词原形 例： M a y y ou b e h a ppy. ⼏乎不考，了解即可~与现在事实相反：（从句谓语动词）动词的过去式（b e⽤w ere⽽不⽤w as)（主句谓语动词）s h oul d/w oul d/coul d/ mi g ht+动词原形与过去事实相反：（从句谓语动词）h a d+过去分词（主句谓语动词） s h oul d/ w oul d/coul d/mi g ht + h a v e+过去分词与将来事实相反：（从句谓语动词）1.s h oul d+动词原形2.动词过去式3.w ere t o+动词原形（主句谓语动词）s h oul d/ w oul d/ coul d/mi g ht +动词原形形式：s h oul d+动词原形，s h oul d 可以省略If it s h oul d ra i n t o m orro w, w e w oul d s t a y a t h o m e.If I w ere t o go t o th e m oon one d a y, I coul d see it with myo w n e y es.If y ou mi sse d th e fi l m t on i g ht, y ou w oul d f eel sorr y.If I h a d go t th ere earl i er, I s h oul d/coul d h a v e m e t h er.如果我早到那⼉，我就会⻅到她。

现吨市安达阳光实验学校高三英语虚拟语气【本讲信息】一. 教学内容：虚拟语气虚拟语气是英语中一种重要的语气形式，也是英语语法中一个重要的语法点。

由于虚拟语气所涉及的内容比较广，一些语法书对其的阐述也很繁杂，所以同学们在学习过程中很难掌握其用法，在使用过程中或考试时也很容易出错。

为了便于理解和记忆，我对虚拟语气作了一个“”归纳，供参考。

虚拟语气的使用主要体现在三个方面：虚拟条件句、虚拟语气在某些从的运用，以及虚拟语气的一些特殊用法。

［教学过程］一、虚拟条件句虚拟条件句就是对现实条件的一种虚拟假设，所假设的条件一般不符合事实或与事实相反或在现发生的可能性极小。

根据时间的不同，虚拟条件句可分为三种，即与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句、与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句及与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句。

具体情况请看下表：（1）表示与现在事实相反If I had enough money now, I would lend it to you.If I were you, I would go to tell him the real feeling upon him.（2）表示与过去事实相反If he had taken your advice, he wouldn’t have made such a bad mistake.She would have come to enjoy the party if she hadn’t been very busy.（3）表示与将来事实相反I would go shopping with you if it were to be Sunday tomorrow.If he were to be given another chance to do it again, he could certainly achieve more.1. 虚拟条件句的倒装在虚拟条件，为了强调所假设条件的虚拟性，或突出说话人的一种主观愿望，虚拟条件句可用倒装结构。

英语中的虚拟语气构成和用法虚拟语气是英语中一种特殊的语法结构，用来表达与事实相反、与现实相反或与过去相反的假设、愿望、建议等。

掌握虚拟语气的构成和用法对于提高英语表达能力至关重要。

一、虚拟语气的构成1. 虚拟语气的构成主要包括以下几种形式：动词的过去式、be动词的过去式（were）、should + 动词原形、would + 动词原形、had + 过去分词、were to + 动词原形等。

例如：- If I were you, I would study harder.（如果我是你，我会更加努力学习。

）- It's high time that he went to bed.（他早该睡觉了。

）- I wish I had more time to travel.（我希望我有更多的时间旅行。

）2. 虚拟语气的构成还可以通过连词或短语来表达，如：as if, as though, suppose, if only, would rather等。

例如：- He spoke as if he were the boss.（他说话的口气好像他是老板。

）- I wish you would come to my party.（我希望你能来参加我的派对。

）二、虚拟语气的用法1. 表达与现在事实相反的假设：虚拟语气可以用来表达与现在事实相反的假设情况。

例如：- If I were you, I would quit that job.（如果我是你，我会辞掉那份工作。

）- I wish I had more money.（我希望我有更多的钱。

）2. 表达与过去事实相反的假设：虚拟语气可以用来表达与过去事实相反的假设情况。

例如：- If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam.（如果我学得更努力，我就能通过考试了。

）- I wish I had known about the party earlier.（我希望我早点知道这个派对。

语法中的虚拟语气解析在语法学中，虚拟语气是指用来表达非事实真实的情况或假设的一种语气形式。

在许多语言中都存在虚拟语气，包括汉语和英语等。

虚拟语气在语言表达中具有重要的作用，能够让我们更准确地表达猜测、愿望、假设等不同的语境。

虚拟语气的形式可以通过动词的变化来表示，也可以通过辅助词或特定的句型来体现。

不同的语言在表达虚拟语气时，有着各自不同的规则和用法。

下面我们将对汉语和英语的虚拟语气进行详细分析和解析。

一、汉语中的虚拟语气在汉语中，虚拟语气的主要形式是通过“要是”、“如果”、“倘若”等条件状语引导的从句来表达。

这种虚拟语气在语法学中被称为“假设虚拟语气”，用来表示假设的情况或未实现的愿望。

具体用法如下：1. 条件句的虚拟语气要是明天下雨的话，我们就不去郊游了。

如果你不忙的话，能帮我一个忙吗？倘若他能提前完成任务，那就太好了。

2. 祝愿句的虚拟语气但愿明天能够放假。

希望你在新的工作中取得成功。

真希望你们全家都能健健康康。

3. 建议句的虚拟语气要是你们能提前购票的话，就能省些钱了。

如果你愿意的话，我可以给你一些建议。

二、英语中的虚拟语气在英语中，虚拟语气有着更为丰富的用法，常见的有以下几种形式：1. 虚拟条件句与汉语中类似，英语中的虚拟条件句通过“if”引导，主句使用虚拟语气来表达假设的情况或未实现的愿望。

如果我是你，我会去旅行。

要是他有足够的时间，他就会来参加会议。

2. 虚拟语气的情态动词英语中的情态动词如“would”，“could”，“should”等也常被用来表达虚拟语气。

I wish I could speak Chinese fluently.（我希望我能流利地说中文。

）如果我有钱，我会买一辆跑车。

(If I had money, I would buy a sports car.)3. 过去式的虚拟语气当表达与现在事实相反的情况时，英语中常使用过去式的虚拟语气。

I wish I were taller.（我希望我更高。

虚拟语气例子（1）第一种情况If。

1．表示后悔if+主语+had done，主语+ would（should/ could/might）+have doneIf I had got there earlier, I should/could have met her.如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她If he had taken my advice, he would not have made such a mistake.如果他听我的劝告的话，就不会犯这样的错误了。

2．表示想象if+主语+过去时，主语+ would（should/ could/might）+doIf I were you, I would go at once.如果我是你，我马上就会去If I were you, I would take an umbrella.如果我是你，我会带把伞If I knew his telephone number, I would tell youIf there were no air or water, there would be no living things on the earthIf there were no air, people would die.如果没有空气，人就会死亡If I had any money with me, I could lend you some虚拟语气例子（2）⑴后悔①If I had left a little earlier, I would have caught the train.（我要是早点动身，就赶上火车了。

）②If I hadn’t been ill yesterday, I might have come to school.（昨天要是不生病，我是可能来上学的。

）③If you had studied harder last term, you could have passed the exam.（如果你在上个学期用工一些，你就会在考试中过关了。

英语虚拟语气(一)解题方法和技巧及练习题及解析一、初中英语虚拟语气1．If I _____you. I would wear jeans to the party.A．am B.was C.were D.are【答案】C【解析】试题分析：句意:如果我是你，我就穿牛仔裤去宴会。

与现在事实相反的虚拟语气中，系动词一律用were。

故选C。

考点：考查虚拟语气。

2．--- If I_______ one million dollars, I would give it to medical research.---If I _______ you, I would give it to charity.A．will have, am B．would have, was C．had, were D．have, is【答案】C【解析】考察虚拟语气。

第一空，虚拟语气，与现在相反，用过去时。

第二空，虚拟语气，与现在相反，用过去时，be动词用were。

故选C3．--What would you do if you ____ a million dollars?--I’d give it to the charityA．win B．won C．will win D．is to win【答案】B【解析】试题分析：句意：如果你赢了一百万美元，你要做什么？——我会把它捐给慈善机构。

结合语境可知条件从句中描述的是与将来相反的事实，故用一般过去时态，选B。

考点：if引导的条件状语从句点评：虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，用来表示说话人所说的话并不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。

判断是真实条件句还是非真实条件句。

只有在非真实条件句中才使用虚拟语气。

通过句子意思，看假设的条件是否能够实现，能够实现是真实条件句，不能使用虚拟语气；假设的条件不能实现则是非真实条件句，要用虚拟语气.判断这个假设是与哪个事实相反。

1、与现在事实相反若与现在事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去式（be通常用were），主句谓语用“should （would, could, might）+动词原形”2、与过去事实相反若与过去事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去完成时（had+过去分词），主句谓语用“should （would, could, might）+have+过去分词”3、与将来事实相反若与将来事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去式（be通常用were），主句谓语用“should （would, could, might）+动词原形”：4．–I argued with my best friend. What should I do?--If I ________ you, I would say sorry to her.A．am B．was C．are D．were【答案】D【解析】试题分析：句意：我和我最好的朋友吵架了。

1. If he were free, he would help us. 要是他有空的话，它会协助我们的。

2. If I had seen the film, I would have told you about it. 我假设看过这场电影，我会把电影内容告诉你了。

3. If I had got there earlier, I would have met Mr. Li. 假设我早点到那儿，我就会会到了李先生。

4. If you should miss the chance, you would feel sorry for it. 假设你错过了这次机会，你会难过的。

5. If I knew German，I would read the paper to you.我要是懂德语，我就会给你读这篇文章。

6. If he were here，we could ask him．假设他在这里，我们会问他的。

7. If I were you, I would accept his offer.我要是你，就接受他的协助。

8. If I were a bird, I would fly to you. 假设我是一只鸟，我会飞到你身边。

9. If it were to rain(=Should it rain=Rained) tomorrow, we would not go for a picnic. 假设明天下雨的话，我们就不去野炊了。

10. If it were to rain tomorrow, the football match would be put off.11. If he had taken my advice, he would have succeeded in the competition.12. If you had come a few minutes earlier, you would have met him.假设你早来几分钟，你就会碰上他。

（英语）初中英语专题汇编虚拟语气(一)含解析一、初中英语虚拟语气1．– I coughed a lot last night. What should I do?– If I _____ you, I would go to see the doctor at once.A．am B．wereC．was【答案】B【解析】试题分析: 句意：昨晚我不停地咳嗽，我应该怎么办？哪果我是你，我就会马上去看医生。

此句为虚拟语气，与现在事实相反，虚拟语气的条件从句的谓语用过去式（be通常用were），主句谓语用“should （would, could, might）+动词原形”，故选C。

考点：考查虚拟语气。

2．If I not so busy ,I with you .A．was , would go B．were , would goC．was , should go D．were , will go【答案】B【解析】句意“如果我不忙，我就跟你去”。

本题考查对将来的虚拟语气。

即“if+过去时，主语+s hould/would/could/might do”结构。

故选B。

点睛：3．The workers insisted that they a free lunch every noon and the boss hadto do that.A．be given B．being given C．will be to give D．were given【答案】A【解析】句意：工人们坚持要求他们每天中午都有免费的午餐，老板必须这样做。

考查虚拟语气。

insist坚持，要求，其后面的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，跟虚拟式动词原形或者“should + 动词原形” 。

结合句意和语境可知选A。

4．--- If I_______ one million dollars, I would give it to medical research.---If I _______ you, I would give it to charity.A．will have, am B．would have, was C．had, were D．have, is【答案】C【解析】考察虚拟语气。

1 语气(mood)语气是动词的一种形式，表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。

2 语气的种类⑴、陈述语气：表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。

如：①There are two sides to every question.每个问题都有两个方面。

②Were you busy all day yesterday?昨天一整天你都很忙吗？③How good a teacher she is!她是多好的一位老师啊！⑵、祈使语气：表示说话人对对方的请求或命令。

如：①Never be late again!再也不要迟到了。

②Don’t forget to turn off the light.别忘了关灯。

⑶、虚拟语气：表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。

如：①If I were a bird, I could fly in the air.如果我是一只小鸟，我就能在空中飞行。

②I wish I could pass the examination.我希望我能通过考试。

③May you succeed!祝您成功！虚拟语气在语法里算得上是个难点。

让我们就从最简单的开始吧。

第二部分：简单句中的虚拟语气一、情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时，表示说话人的谦虚、客气、有礼貌、或委婉的语气，常用于日常会话中。

如：⑴.Would you be kind enough to show me the way to the post office?请你告诉我去邮局的路好吗？⑵.It would be better for you not to stay up too late.你最好别熬夜到很晚。

二、表祝愿。

1、常用“may+动词原形”表示祝愿，但愿，此时may须置于句首（多用于正式文体中）。

⑴、May good luck be yours!祝你好运！⑵、May you be happy!祝你快乐！⑶、May you do even better!祝你取得更大成就！⑷、May you have a good time. 祝愿你玩的痛快。

虚拟语气（一）－if引导的虚拟条件句虚拟语气(Subjunctive Mood)这一语法项目是各类英语考试中测试的重点之一。

虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，用来表示说话人所说的话并不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。

首先要判断是真实条件句还是非真实条件句, 只有在非真实条件句中才使用虚拟语气。

通过句子意思，看假设的条件是否能够实现，能够实现是真实条件句，不能使用虚拟语气；假设的条件不能实现则是非真实条件句，要用虚拟语气.判断这个假设是与哪个时间的事实相反。

通常有三种情况：①与过去事实相反②与现在事实相反③与将来事实可能相反最基本的虚拟语气句型:1. 虚拟现在时表示与现在事实相反的假设，其if从句的谓语形式用动词的过去式(be一般用were)，主句用would/ should/ could/ might +动词原形。

If places were alike, there would be little need for geographers.2. 虚拟过去时是表示与过去事实相反的假设，if 从句的谓语形式用过去完成时的形式即had＋过去分词，主句用would / should / could / might + have +过去分词。

If he had known your address yesterday, he would have telephoned you.3. 虚拟将来时是表示对将来实现的可能性很小的或不确定的假设。

If从句的谓语形式用一般过去式或用were to/should +动词原形,主句用would /should/could /might+动词原形。

If he were to leave today, he would get there by Friday.谓语动词形式见下表:即时演练：1. I didn’t see your sister at the meeting. If she ______, she would have met my brother.A. has comeB. did comeC. cameD. had come2. It’s quite impossible that it’ll rain tomorrow. But if it ______, I would still go to the park.A. should rainB. would rainC. rainsD. had rained3. I _______ if she _______ me.A. would have overslept, didn’t callB. would have overslept, hadn’t calledC. overslept, hadn't calledD. would overslept, didn't call4. The new airport _____ if they had not stopped working on it.A. would completeB. had been completedC. had completedD. would have been completed5.If there were no subjunctive mood, English ______ much easier.A. could have beenB. would beC. will beD. would have been6.Should it rain, the crops ______ .A. would be savedB. would have been savedC. will be savedD. had been saved7.You _______ earlier. The bus left a moment ago.A. would comeB. should have comeC. may comeD. have come8.You _______ such a serious mistake if you had followed his adviceA. may not makeB. might have not madeC. shouldn't have madeD. might not have made9.We ________ the work on time without your help.A. hadn't had finishedB. didn't have finishedC. couldn't have finishedD. can't have finished10. A few minutes earlier and we _____ the train.A. have caughtB. had caughtC. could have caughtD. were to catch11. If it were not for the fact that you _____ ill, I would ask you to do this right now.A. wereB. had beenC. areD. should be12. If it _______ so hard, we'd go to town.A. isn't rainingB. doesn'tC. weren't rainingD. isn't going to rain13. —If he ______, he _______ that food.—Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.A. was warned; would not takeB. had been warned; would not have takenC. had been warned; had not takenD. would have been warned; had not taken14. ---If I had a lot of money, I______ around the world.---Stop dreaming! Just do what you should do!A. were to travelB. would travelC. could have traveledD. will travel15. This printer is of good quality. If it ______ break down within the first year, we would repair it at our expense.A. wouldB. shouldC. couldD. might虚拟语气（二）－if引导的虚拟条件句的特殊情况I. 错综时间虚拟语气若主句从句所指的时间不一致，即条件从句表示与过去事实相反，主句表示与现在事实相反；或者条件从句表示与现在事实相反，主句表真实情况，则从句中应采用与具体时间相对应的虚拟形式。

虚拟语气用法归纳虚拟语气是汉语语法中的一种用法，用来表达说话者对某种假设、猜测、愿望或虚拟情况的语气。

虚拟语气在汉语中有多种形式和用法，包括假设虚拟语气、愿望虚拟语气、建议虚拟语气和感叹虚拟语气等。

下面将针对这些不同的虚拟语气用法进行归纳和解释。

一、假设虚拟语气假设虚拟语气用在表示假设、猜测、推测等情况下，常常使用“要是……就好了”、“如果……就好了”、“要是……就好了”等结构。

例如：“要是明天不下雨就好了。

”这种情况下，虚拟语气表示对未来可能出现的情况的假设和愿望。

二、愿望虚拟语气愿望虚拟语气用在表示对未来或现在不可能实现的愿望、希望和要求的情况下，常常使用“但愿……”、“要是……就好了”、“愿……”等结构。

例如：“要是我有一百万就好了。

”这种情况下，虚拟语气表示对现实或未来可能发生的愿望和期待。

三、建议虚拟语气建议虚拟语气用在表示对某种建议、劝告和命令的情况下，常常使用“不如……吧”、“要是你……”、“也许……”等结构。

例如：“你要是想学好汉语，不如多多练习口语。

”这种情况下，虚拟语气表示对别人的建议、劝告和命令。

四、感叹虚拟语气感叹虚拟语气用在表示对事实、现象或情况的感叹和惊讶的情况下，常常使用“真是……”、“竟然……”、“简直……”等结构。

例如：“他简直就是个天才。

”这种情况下，虚拟语气表示对事实或现象的感叹和惊讶。

虚拟语气是汉语中一种灵活多样的语法用法，能够很好地表达说话者对不同情况的假设、愿望、建议和感叹。

熟练运用虚拟语气，可以使语言表达更加生动丰富，增强语言的表现力和感染力。

虚拟语气讲义1．虚拟语气句型1If + were/ did/ (动词的过去式), 主语+would/ might/ should / could + do 。

(表示对现在的假设)eg. If I were you, I would not be so proud . 如果我是你,我不会如此自负.eg. I don’t have a cellphone. If I had one , it would be convenient for me to get in touch with others 我没有手机，如果我有手机的话，和别人联系就方便的多了。

eg. If I were in your position, I would think better of it .如果我处在你现在的境地，我会重新考虑然后放弃。

2. 虚拟语气句型2If + had done, 主语+would/ might/ should / could + have done表示对过去或已经发生事情的虚拟假设。

eg. What a pity it is that you didn’t attended the concert yesterday! If you had attended the concert, you would have seen the famous singer.真遗憾你昨天没有去听音乐会。

如果你去了，你就会见到那位名歌手。

eg. Anyone in his position would have done the same= If anyone had been in his position, he would have done the same.3. 虚拟语气句型3If + were/ did(动词过去式)/should/ were to do , 主语+would/ might/ should / could + do (表示对将来的假设).eg. If he should refuse (= if he were to refuse = if he refused ), it wouldn’t matter万一他拒绝了. 那也没有什么关系.eg. If you shouldn’t pass the college entrance e*amination, what would you do"万一你高考不中，你该怎么办？4. 虚拟语气条件句的倒装在虚拟条件句中，如果出现有were, had, should，可省去if，可将主语与这些词倒装，构成虚拟倒装句。