大学英语说明文写作模板2精品PPT课件
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实用大学英语写作PPT
该给高分的给高分，包括满分；该给低分的给低分，包括零分。
第一章节
三．评分标准
满分15分。 阅卷标准共分五档次：2分、5 分、8分、11分及14分，依作文水平可在本档次内上下浮动1分。
3.细化评分标准：
2分 --- 条理不清，思路紊乱，语言支离破碎或大部分句子均有错误，且多数为严重错误。
连贯性的处理
添加副标题
原因 for; as; since; now that; on account of; given that; owing to; due to; thanks to; because; because of; in that…; considering that…; seeing that…
4.字数不足酌情扣分
累计字数
110-119
100-109
90-99
80-89
70-79
60-69
50-59
低于49
扣分
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
9
四．题型把握
学习与校园生活
01
社会发展变化
02
常识、格言
03
社会热点
04
命题范围
2.命题体裁
01
论说文
02
记叙文
03
图表作文
04
应用文
3.作文类型模块化
对立观点型
遣词
干涩、枯燥文句的处理
are obliged to effective efficient and immediately serious / water
We should take measures against pollution. We take measures against pollution.
说明文写作英语PPT
5
Hale Waihona Puke The Dragon Boat Festival, also called the Duanwu Festival, is celebrated on the fifth day of the fifth month according to the Chinese calendar. This festival is to commemorate the death of QU Yuan, an upright and honest poet and statesman who is said to have committed suicide by drowning himself in a river. The most important activity of this festival is the Dragon Boat races. It symbolizes people's attempts to rescue Qu Yuan. In the current period, these races also demonstrate the virtues of cooperation and teamwork. Besides, the festival has also been marked by eating zong zi (glutinous rice). Zong zi is made of glutinous rice stuffed with different fillings and wrapped in bamboo or reed leaves. People who mourned the death of Qu threw Zong zi into the river to feed his ghost every year. With the changes of the times, the memorial turns to be a time for protection from evil and disease for the rest of year. People will hang healthy herbs on the front door to clear the bad luck of the house. Although the significance of the festival might be different with the past, it still gives the observer an opportunity to glimpse a part of the rich Chinese cultural heritage.
Exposition英文说明文写作(共17张PPT)
development of things.
problem and lists one Christmas & New Years
development of things. Introduce thesis
or more solutions for In order to be a college teacher,I shall study hard not only in class,but also in daily life.
words
are
reasons
why,
if, then,
as a
result,
therefore,
and because.
Elements of Expository Text
5. problem & solution – The author states a colder temperatures
Many a time in my life I’ve been asking myself about what career I shall take and what I can do to prepare myself for it.Although my ideas are not consistent,I have now decided on college teaching as my life-long career.
bring together all your information in a more general way in the introduction.
Example
However,teaching is a demanding job.Only a person with rich knowledge can make a qualified teacher.In
problem and lists one Christmas & New Years
development of things. Introduce thesis
or more solutions for In order to be a college teacher,I shall study hard not only in class,but also in daily life.
words
are
reasons
why,
if, then,
as a
result,
therefore,
and because.
Elements of Expository Text
5. problem & solution – The author states a colder temperatures
Many a time in my life I’ve been asking myself about what career I shall take and what I can do to prepare myself for it.Although my ideas are not consistent,I have now decided on college teaching as my life-long career.
bring together all your information in a more general way in the introduction.
Example
However,teaching is a demanding job.Only a person with rich knowledge can make a qualified teacher.In
Exposition-英文说明文写作市公开课一等奖省赛课微课金奖PPT课件
7/18
There are certain elements found in expository text, each type of element makes its own demands on the reader:
description, sequence, comparison, cause & effect, problem & solution.
4/18
Structure of Exposition
2.Body/paragraphs Topic sentence Supporting points
and elaboration linking sentence Note: refer to the keywords from
the question and from question as often as possible. A good way to do this is to consistently use the your introduction throughout your essay.
no snow warmer temperatures flowers baby animals Easter & 4th of July
seasons – sun shines sports are played
snow colder temperatures no flowers blooming bears hibernate Christmas & New Years
11/18
Elements of Expository Text
4. cause & effect – The author explains one or more causes and the resulting effect or effects. Clue words
There are certain elements found in expository text, each type of element makes its own demands on the reader:
description, sequence, comparison, cause & effect, problem & solution.
4/18
Structure of Exposition
2.Body/paragraphs Topic sentence Supporting points
and elaboration linking sentence Note: refer to the keywords from
the question and from question as often as possible. A good way to do this is to consistently use the your introduction throughout your essay.
no snow warmer temperatures flowers baby animals Easter & 4th of July
seasons – sun shines sports are played
snow colder temperatures no flowers blooming bears hibernate Christmas & New Years
11/18
Elements of Expository Text
4. cause & effect – The author explains one or more causes and the resulting effect or effects. Clue words
2023高考英语一轮总复习 第三编 写作攻略 攻略二 常考实用文 二 说明文课件 北师大版
(2)分析原因常用语 The reasons for taking part in the voluntary work are as follows. 参加志愿服务的原因如下。 The reason why I recommend this to you is that it helps you have a better understanding of Chinese culture. 我推荐这个给你的原因是为了让你更好地了解中华文化。
3．经典例文 众所周知，课堂是每个学生实现梦想的地方，然而，有一部分同学没 有很好地利用它。请以How should we make good use of classes？为题， 写一篇文章，应包含以下要点： 1．简要说明课堂的意义； 2．目前课堂中存在的主要问题； 3．分析原因并提出建议。
注意：1.词数 100 左右； 2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
4．写作模板 In recent years, more and more people ________ (现象，表现或变化). In addition/Besides, ________( 进 一 步 阐 述 现 象 ). This phenomenon has aroused discussion./Why should this phenomenon take place? There're generally ________ (数字) factors accounting for it. The main reason lies in ________ (阐 述原因一). Secondly/Furthermore, ________ (阐述原因二). Other than that, ________ (进一步阐述原因) plays an important role in this issue as ___ (总结现象导致的结果). In my opinion, ________ (陈 述个人观点、建议等)．
【原创】高考英语概要写作-说明文课件---12.19(共18张PPT)
In fact, morning is the best time of a day. In the morning, the air is the freshest and people are usually in the best conditions. Many of us may have the experiences that we memorize some things more quickly and accurately in the morning than at any other time of the day.
Summary writing for
expository writing(说明文)
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。 Getting up early has been regarded as a good habit since ancient times. Many
years ago, people thought that if we went to bed early and got up early, we would be energetic the whole day. Nowadays, people still hold the same view. So, getting up early is of great importance to us all.
Additionally, if we get up early and do some morning exercise or only take a short walk in the morning, without doubt we can build our bodies and become much healthier. That is why many people getting up early do physical exercise year after year.
Summary writing for
expository writing(说明文)
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。 Getting up early has been regarded as a good habit since ancient times. Many
years ago, people thought that if we went to bed early and got up early, we would be energetic the whole day. Nowadays, people still hold the same view. So, getting up early is of great importance to us all.
Additionally, if we get up early and do some morning exercise or only take a short walk in the morning, without doubt we can build our bodies and become much healthier. That is why many people getting up early do physical exercise year after year.
《英语说明文写作》课件
《英语说明文写作》PPT 课件
简介
定义和作用
说明文向读者提供清晰的解释，并帮助读者理 解某个主题或过程。
特点与分类
说明文特点具有客观性、明确性和逻辑性。常 见分类有操作说明、原理说明和分类说明。
写作准备
1 确定写作对象
明确写作的受众对象，以便选择合适的语言和风格。
2 收集必要信息
通过研究和调查，收集写作所需的相关信息和数据。
结构清晰有序
合理组织文档结构， 使用标题、段落和标 点符号使内容易于阅 读。
重点突出详实
通过使用精确的描述 和具体的例子来突出 重点和细节。
图表配合说明
使用图表和表格来增 强对文字说明的理解 和感知。
说明文的写作方法
1 描写法
通过清晰而生动的描述来解释事物的特点和 过程。
2 比较法
通过对事物进行对比，突出它们之间的相似 性和差异性。
总结经验和启示
总结分析过程中得出的经验和启发，为写作者提供 参考。
练习与评价
1 练习案例展示
展示一些实际练习案例，并提供写作反馈和建议。
2 互相评价和改进
学员之间进行互相评价，帮助彼此改进写作技巧。
总结与建议
总结课程收获
总结课程学习的主要收获和成果。
提出改进意见
提出对课程和教学的改进建议，以便进一步提高学习效果。
参考资料
精选的资料推荐
推荐一些优质的学术论文、书籍和研究报告。
相关书籍和网站介绍
介绍一些关于说明文写作的经典著作和有用网站。
3 举例法
通过提供具体的实例来解释和支持观点。
4 问答法
通过提出问题并回答问题的方式来解释事物 的原理和操作。
说明文注意事项
简介
定义和作用
说明文向读者提供清晰的解释，并帮助读者理 解某个主题或过程。
特点与分类
说明文特点具有客观性、明确性和逻辑性。常 见分类有操作说明、原理说明和分类说明。
写作准备
1 确定写作对象
明确写作的受众对象，以便选择合适的语言和风格。
2 收集必要信息
通过研究和调查，收集写作所需的相关信息和数据。
结构清晰有序
合理组织文档结构， 使用标题、段落和标 点符号使内容易于阅 读。
重点突出详实
通过使用精确的描述 和具体的例子来突出 重点和细节。
图表配合说明
使用图表和表格来增 强对文字说明的理解 和感知。
说明文的写作方法
1 描写法
通过清晰而生动的描述来解释事物的特点和 过程。
2 比较法
通过对事物进行对比，突出它们之间的相似 性和差异性。
总结经验和启示
总结分析过程中得出的经验和启发，为写作者提供 参考。
练习与评价
1 练习案例展示
展示一些实际练习案例，并提供写作反馈和建议。
2 互相评价和改进
学员之间进行互相评价，帮助彼此改进写作技巧。
总结与建议
总结课程收获
总结课程学习的主要收获和成果。
提出改进意见
提出对课程和教学的改进建议，以便进一步提高学习效果。
参考资料
精选的资料推荐
推荐一些优质的学术论文、书籍和研究报告。
相关书籍和网站介绍
介绍一些关于说明文写作的经典著作和有用网站。
3 举例法
通过提供具体的实例来解释和支持观点。
4 问答法
通过提出问题并回答问题的方式来解释事物 的原理和操作。
说明文注意事项
说明文英语作文 课件
说明文英语作文课件的制作与应用In the realm of English education, the creation and utilization of illustrative essay writing courseware play a pivotal role in enhancing students' comprehension and proficiency in writing expository essays. This article delves into the significance of such courseware, its key components, and the strategies for effective implementation. Firstly, the significance of illustrative essay writing courseware cannot be overstated. Expository writing, which aims to explain or clarify a concept, process, or idea, isa fundamental skill that students need to master. Courseware, designed specifically for this purpose,provides a structured and interactive learning experience that helps students grasp the essentials of writing an illustrative essay. It serves as a valuable resource for teachers, offering a comprehensive framework for guiding students through the writing process.When creating illustrative essay writing courseware, several key components should be incorporated. Oneessential element is a clear outline of the essay structure, including the introduction, body paragraphs, and conclusion.This outline helps students organize their thoughts and ideas in a logical and coherent manner. Additionally, examples and samples of illustrative essays are crucial for students to understand the application of these principles in practice. These examples can demonstrate effective writing techniques, such as the use of transitional phrases and the inclusion of relevant facts and details.Moreover, the incorporation of interactive elements is vital for engaging students and enhancing their learning experience. For instance, quizzes and exercises can be integrated into the courseware to test students' understanding of the essay writing process. These interactive components not only make the learning process more enjoyable but also provide instant feedback, allowing students to identify and correct their mistakes.Apart from the content, the visual design of the courseware is also crucial. Using clear and visually appealing graphics, images, and colors can make the information more accessible and engaging for students. This helps to maintain their attention and improve their retention of the material.Once the illustrative essay writing courseware is created, its effective utilization is equally important. Teachers should introduce the courseware during class sessions, explaining its purpose and how it can assist students in their writing process. They can demonstrate the use of the courseware step by step, highlighting key features and functionalities. Additionally, teachers can assign homework or in-class activities that require students to utilize the courseware, encouraging them to explore and practice the skills they have learned.Moreover, teachers can leverage the interactive elements of the courseware to monitor students' progress and provide personalized feedback. Through quizzes and exercises, teachers can assess students' understanding and identify areas where further guidance or clarification is needed. This personalized approach to learning ensures that each student receives the support they require to improve their writing skills.In conclusion, the creation and utilization of illustrative essay writing courseware are essential for enhancing students' comprehension and proficiency inwriting expository essays. By incorporating key components such as a clear outline, examples and samples, interactive elements, and visually appealing design, teachers can provide students with a comprehensive and engaging learning experience. Effective utilization of the courseware, combined with personalized feedback, can further enhance students' writing skills and prepare them for success in academic and professional settings.**说明文英语作文课件的制作与应用**在英语教育领域，说明文英语写作课件的制作与应用对于提升学生写作说明文的能力至关重要。
大学英语说明文2
The method of development in which the writer analyses the reason(s) for an action, event, or decision, or analyses resulting consequences to support a point.
• I. A General Introduction • II. Types of Cause-Effect Pattern • III. Cause-and-Effect Discouse at Paragraph Level • IV. How to Write a Cause-and-Effect Paragraph • V. Sample Paragraphs and Essays
With only Jim’s mother’s income, the family has less money, so the family experiences financial problems.
Jim’s mother moves in with her boyfriend to help the family finances.
•主题句 “果”， “果因”型
语段 S1
topic sentence
effect(果)
主题
S2 cause 1 (因)
S3 cause 2 (因)
分析
The further advancement of human civilization is always followed by the damage to the nature. To propel （推进）the socioeconomic development, most countries try to reach their goals at the expense of the environment. There is one popular saying that we should develop ourselves first, and then we try to save the environment. This shallow consensus（意见） has caused the
• I. A General Introduction • II. Types of Cause-Effect Pattern • III. Cause-and-Effect Discouse at Paragraph Level • IV. How to Write a Cause-and-Effect Paragraph • V. Sample Paragraphs and Essays
With only Jim’s mother’s income, the family has less money, so the family experiences financial problems.
Jim’s mother moves in with her boyfriend to help the family finances.
•主题句 “果”， “果因”型
语段 S1
topic sentence
effect(果)
主题
S2 cause 1 (因)
S3 cause 2 (因)
分析
The further advancement of human civilization is always followed by the damage to the nature. To propel （推进）the socioeconomic development, most countries try to reach their goals at the expense of the environment. There is one popular saying that we should develop ourselves first, and then we try to save the environment. This shallow consensus（意见） has caused the
Exposition说明文英语写作指导 ppt课件
I want everyone to write what they did last weekend!
Now pass the paper to the person to your right!
Draw what the person wrote!
What’d you Fold the paper so the writing is not visible! do this Pass the paper to the right! weekend? Write what you think the picture is depicting
Examples:
Once I saw… I remember… I once read…
List three examples that can be used for illustrating the following topic:
Topic: Benefits of learning English
Example 1: Example 2: Example 3:
Now in groups discuss the examples
Examples:
The new technology today is great in many aspects, but there are a few important drawbacks. Learning English is an extremely important thing for a few important reasons.
There are various ways of accomplishing the purpose of an exposition:
Now pass the paper to the person to your right!
Draw what the person wrote!
What’d you Fold the paper so the writing is not visible! do this Pass the paper to the right! weekend? Write what you think the picture is depicting
Examples:
Once I saw… I remember… I once read…
List three examples that can be used for illustrating the following topic:
Topic: Benefits of learning English
Example 1: Example 2: Example 3:
Now in groups discuss the examples
Examples:
The new technology today is great in many aspects, but there are a few important drawbacks. Learning English is an extremely important thing for a few important reasons.
There are various ways of accomplishing the purpose of an exposition:
英语说明文-(Exposition)ppt课件
英语说明文 （Exposition）
• Brief introduction of exposition • writing techniques • exercise
What is expositoin?
• 说明文是以说明为主要表达方式，介绍事 物的形状、构造、性质、变化、类别、状 态、功能、成因、结果等特征的文章。说 明的目的是给读者提供知识，使之了解客 观世界，掌握解决问题的方法。
• We should try our best to plant more trees for several good reasons First of all，…Secondly，…And finally，
2.举例法（examples）
• 举例法是用具体的例子来说明我们要表达 的意思，常用for example，for instance，…等词语引出。
• So ,everybody should develop the good habit of early rising.
• 罗列法经常用下列句式展开段落，我们 可以注意模仿学习：
• There are several good reasons why we should learn a foreign language. First of all，…Secondly，…And finally，…
writing techniques (写作技巧)
• 1.罗列法（listing）
•
在文章开始时提出需要说明的东西和观点，然后常用first，
second，…and finally加以罗列说明。Benefit of Early Rising
• Early rising（早起）is helpful in more than one way.
• Brief introduction of exposition • writing techniques • exercise
What is expositoin?
• 说明文是以说明为主要表达方式，介绍事 物的形状、构造、性质、变化、类别、状 态、功能、成因、结果等特征的文章。说 明的目的是给读者提供知识，使之了解客 观世界，掌握解决问题的方法。
• We should try our best to plant more trees for several good reasons First of all，…Secondly，…And finally，
2.举例法（examples）
• 举例法是用具体的例子来说明我们要表达 的意思，常用for example，for instance，…等词语引出。
• So ,everybody should develop the good habit of early rising.
• 罗列法经常用下列句式展开段落，我们 可以注意模仿学习：
• There are several good reasons why we should learn a foreign language. First of all，…Secondly，…And finally，…
writing techniques (写作技巧)
• 1.罗列法（listing）
•
在文章开始时提出需要说明的东西和观点，然后常用first，
second，…and finally加以罗列说明。Benefit of Early Rising
• Early rising（早起）is helpful in more than one way.
英语说明文 (Exposition)(课堂PPT)
• So ,everybody should develop the good habit of early rising.
6
• 罗列法经常用下列句式展开段落，我们 可以注意模仿学习：
• There are several good reasons why we should learn a foreign language. First of all，…Secondly，…And finally，…
3
结构：第一部分一般是文章的第一段，提出 文章的主题，也就是说，文章想要阐述、 说明的主要内容；第二部分是文章的主体， 可由若干个段落组成，对文章的主题进行 展开说明；第三部分是结尾段，对文章的 主题作归纳总结。总-分-总。从英语说明文 的结构可以看出，要写好英语说明文的关 键在于第二部分如何对文章主题进行展开 说明
5
• Late risers may find it very difficult to form the habit of early rising. They ought to make special efforts to do so. As the English proverb says，“Early to bed and early to rise，makes a man healthy， wealthy and wise.”
• of the world. It is difficult to face defeat with dignity. Losers can not show their disappointments publicly.
• They can not cry or grieve about their defeat. They may suffer privately, but they must be compo现方式做保护处理对用户上传分享的文档内容本身不做任何修改或编辑并不能对任何下载内容负责
6
• 罗列法经常用下列句式展开段落，我们 可以注意模仿学习：
• There are several good reasons why we should learn a foreign language. First of all，…Secondly，…And finally，…
3
结构：第一部分一般是文章的第一段，提出 文章的主题，也就是说，文章想要阐述、 说明的主要内容；第二部分是文章的主体， 可由若干个段落组成，对文章的主题进行 展开说明；第三部分是结尾段，对文章的 主题作归纳总结。总-分-总。从英语说明文 的结构可以看出，要写好英语说明文的关 键在于第二部分如何对文章主题进行展开 说明
5
• Late risers may find it very difficult to form the habit of early rising. They ought to make special efforts to do so. As the English proverb says，“Early to bed and early to rise，makes a man healthy， wealthy and wise.”
• of the world. It is difficult to face defeat with dignity. Losers can not show their disappointments publicly.
• They can not cry or grieve about their defeat. They may suffer privately, but they must be compo现方式做保护处理对用户上传分享的文档内容本身不做任何修改或编辑并不能对任何下载内容负责
演示版Exposition-英文说明文写作.ppt
课件
Elements of Expository Text
5. problem & solution – The author states a problem and lists one or more solutions for the problem. Clue
words are problem is, dilemma is, puzzle is, solve, question, and
课件
There are certain elements found in expository text, each type of element makes its own demands on the reader:
➢ description, ➢ sequence, ➢ comparison, ➢ cause & effect, ➢ problem & solution.
课件
no snow warmer temperatures flowers baby animals Easter & 4th of July
seasons – sun shines sports are played
snow colder temperatures no flowers blooming bears hibernate Christmas & New Years
A main advantage of television to advertisers is that it brings sight, sound and action directly to consumers in their home. And one advantage of advertising on radio is that people can listen to programmes while doing other things , such as driving a car or working a car or working at home.
Elements of Expository Text
5. problem & solution – The author states a problem and lists one or more solutions for the problem. Clue
words are problem is, dilemma is, puzzle is, solve, question, and
课件
There are certain elements found in expository text, each type of element makes its own demands on the reader:
➢ description, ➢ sequence, ➢ comparison, ➢ cause & effect, ➢ problem & solution.
课件
no snow warmer temperatures flowers baby animals Easter & 4th of July
seasons – sun shines sports are played
snow colder temperatures no flowers blooming bears hibernate Christmas & New Years
A main advantage of television to advertisers is that it brings sight, sound and action directly to consumers in their home. And one advantage of advertising on radio is that people can listen to programmes while doing other things , such as driving a car or working a car or working at home.
Exposition-英文说明文写作PPT教学课件
even those with highly-paid positions.The content of my
lessons and the way of delivering lessons largely depend on
myself.Finally,I like teaching because it offers a sense of
life.Second, teaching means independence.As a teacher,I
am my own boss and free to use my own ideas to make my
own decisions.It is a privilege not everyone can have,
• Exposition is explanation • To explain the objective character and
nature of things. • To clarify the occurrence and
development of things. • Exposition writing is nonfiction prose that
dignity.A teacher is not only a person who passes down
knowledge,but a person who plays an important role in the
process of students’growing. To be a teacher,I am a person
2020/12/10
4
Structure of Exposition
高考英语图表说明文的写作技巧(PPT)2-1
• 高考的书面表达，应该加强对学生实际能 力的考查，不要局限于语言运用。图表说 明文要求学生要具备一定的语言功底，还 要具备分析问题、解决问题的能力和概括 能力，它要求学生通过图表里的一些简单 的数据，对图表所反映的一些社会现象进 行分析。它对学生的分析、解决问题的能 力提出了较高的要求。不是每个英语成绩 好的学生都能写好这类文章。现在就结合 下面这篇作文，谈谈图表说明文的写作技 巧。
• 很多学生看到这文章可能觉得无从下手， 仅仅靠这一点信息要写出120词的文章，谈 何容易，他们根本不知道该写些什么。下 面是一篇学生习作。
Look at the picture, the students in the school spent about 3 hours a week on computer in 2000, in 2002 they spent about 10 hours a week on computer, and in 2004the number is 20 hours.
• 写到这里，学生大都不知道该如何凑满这 120词，他们缴尽脑汁，挖空心思，结果往 往写出一大堆废话。其实，写好这类文章 并不难。下笔之前，不妨先对图表内容进 行分析。
• 1.what does the table/diagram show?
• 2.what do you think is the probable reason for the changes?
• 3.what suggestion will you give on this problem?/what conclushe chart?
；https:///document/8296.html 适合北方人加盟的面馆
2005年，银河系旋臂的结构被观测到。银河系按哈勃分类应该是一个巨大的棒旋星系SBc（旋臂宽松的棒旋星系），总质量是太阳质量的0.6万亿-3万亿倍，有大约1,000亿颗恒星。 从80年代开始，天文学家怀疑银河系是一个棒旋星系而不是一个普通的旋涡星系。2005年，斯必泽空间望远镜证实了这项怀疑，还确认了在银河核心的棒状结构比预期的还大。 银河的盘面估计直径为9.8万光年，太阳至银河中心的距离大约是2.6万光年，盘面在中心向外凸起。银河的中心有巨大的质量和紧密的结构，因此怀疑它有超大质量黑洞，因为已经有许多星系被相信有超大质量的黑洞在核心。 就像许多典型的星系一样，环绕银河系中心的天体，在轨道上的速度并不由与中心的距离和银河质量的分布来决定。在离开了核心凸起或是在外围，恒星的典型速度在210～240千米/秒之间。因此这些恒星绕行银河的周期只与轨道的长度有关。这与太阳系不同，在太阳系，距离不同就有不同的 轨道速度对应。 银河的棒状结构长约2.7万光年，以44±10度的角度横亘在太阳与银河中心之间，它主要由红色的恒星组成，大多是老年的恒星。被推论与观察到的银河旋臂结构的每一条旋臂都给予一个数字对应（像所有旋涡星系的旋臂），大约可以分出一百段。有四条主要的旋臂起源于银河的核心，包括： 2 and 8 - 三千秒差距臂和英仙座旋臂。3 and 7 - 矩尺座旋臂和天鹅座旋臂（与最近发现的延伸在一起 - 6）。4 and 10 -南十字座旋臂和盾牌座旋臂。 5 and 9 -船底座旋臂和人马座旋臂。还有两个小旋臂或分支，包括：11 -猎户座旋臂（包含太阳和太阳系在内- 12）。最新研究发现银河系可能只有两条主要旋臂——人马座旋臂和矩尺座旋臂，其绝大部分是气体，只有少量恒星点缀其中。 谷德带（本星团）是从猎户臂一端伸展出去的一条亮星集中的带，主要成员是B2～B5型星，也有一些O型星、弥漫星云和几个星协，最靠近的OB星协是天蝎-半人马星协，距离太阳大约400光年。在主要的旋臂外侧是外环或称为麒麟座环，是由天文学家布赖恩·颜尼（Brian Yanny）和韩第·周 ·纽柏格（Heidi Jo Newberg）提出的，是环绕在银河系外由恒星组成的环，其中包括在数十亿年前与其他星系作用诞生的恒星和气体。 银河的盘面被一个球状的银晕包围着，直径25万～40万光年。由于盘面上的气体和尘埃会吸收部分波长的电磁波，所以银晕的组成结构还不清楚。盘面（特别是旋臂）是恒星诞生的活跃区域，但是银晕中没有这些活动，疏散星团也主要出现于盘面上。
• 很多学生看到这文章可能觉得无从下手， 仅仅靠这一点信息要写出120词的文章，谈 何容易，他们根本不知道该写些什么。下 面是一篇学生习作。
Look at the picture, the students in the school spent about 3 hours a week on computer in 2000, in 2002 they spent about 10 hours a week on computer, and in 2004the number is 20 hours.
• 写到这里，学生大都不知道该如何凑满这 120词，他们缴尽脑汁，挖空心思，结果往 往写出一大堆废话。其实，写好这类文章 并不难。下笔之前，不妨先对图表内容进 行分析。
• 1.what does the table/diagram show?
• 2.what do you think is the probable reason for the changes?
• 3.what suggestion will you give on this problem?/what conclushe chart?
；https:///document/8296.html 适合北方人加盟的面馆
2005年，银河系旋臂的结构被观测到。银河系按哈勃分类应该是一个巨大的棒旋星系SBc（旋臂宽松的棒旋星系），总质量是太阳质量的0.6万亿-3万亿倍，有大约1,000亿颗恒星。 从80年代开始，天文学家怀疑银河系是一个棒旋星系而不是一个普通的旋涡星系。2005年，斯必泽空间望远镜证实了这项怀疑，还确认了在银河核心的棒状结构比预期的还大。 银河的盘面估计直径为9.8万光年，太阳至银河中心的距离大约是2.6万光年，盘面在中心向外凸起。银河的中心有巨大的质量和紧密的结构，因此怀疑它有超大质量黑洞，因为已经有许多星系被相信有超大质量的黑洞在核心。 就像许多典型的星系一样，环绕银河系中心的天体，在轨道上的速度并不由与中心的距离和银河质量的分布来决定。在离开了核心凸起或是在外围，恒星的典型速度在210～240千米/秒之间。因此这些恒星绕行银河的周期只与轨道的长度有关。这与太阳系不同，在太阳系，距离不同就有不同的 轨道速度对应。 银河的棒状结构长约2.7万光年，以44±10度的角度横亘在太阳与银河中心之间，它主要由红色的恒星组成，大多是老年的恒星。被推论与观察到的银河旋臂结构的每一条旋臂都给予一个数字对应（像所有旋涡星系的旋臂），大约可以分出一百段。有四条主要的旋臂起源于银河的核心，包括： 2 and 8 - 三千秒差距臂和英仙座旋臂。3 and 7 - 矩尺座旋臂和天鹅座旋臂（与最近发现的延伸在一起 - 6）。4 and 10 -南十字座旋臂和盾牌座旋臂。 5 and 9 -船底座旋臂和人马座旋臂。还有两个小旋臂或分支，包括：11 -猎户座旋臂（包含太阳和太阳系在内- 12）。最新研究发现银河系可能只有两条主要旋臂——人马座旋臂和矩尺座旋臂，其绝大部分是气体，只有少量恒星点缀其中。 谷德带（本星团）是从猎户臂一端伸展出去的一条亮星集中的带，主要成员是B2～B5型星，也有一些O型星、弥漫星云和几个星协，最靠近的OB星协是天蝎-半人马星协，距离太阳大约400光年。在主要的旋臂外侧是外环或称为麒麟座环，是由天文学家布赖恩·颜尼（Brian Yanny）和韩第·周 ·纽柏格（Heidi Jo Newberg）提出的，是环绕在银河系外由恒星组成的环，其中包括在数十亿年前与其他星系作用诞生的恒星和气体。 银河的盘面被一个球状的银晕包围着，直径25万～40万光年。由于盘面上的气体和尘埃会吸收部分波长的电磁波，所以银晕的组成结构还不清楚。盘面（特别是旋臂）是恒星诞生的活跃区域，但是银晕中没有这些活动，疏散星团也主要出现于盘面上。
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模板(2)
Recently, ____ (提出现象) has been brought to popular attention. No one denies that ____ (进一步阐述现象).
However, ____ (现象总述) can lead to severe consequences. In the first place, ____ (问题1). What’s worse, _____ (问题2).
As far as I’m concerned, ____ (个人观 点/态度/建议). Furthermore, ____ (补充说明看 法). In a word, ____ (总结).
Free Admission to Museums
In recent years, a wide rage of museums are open to the public without charging any admission fee. In addition, our government Also requires all the museums and memorials to open for free. This phenomenon has aroused h文：现象解释型 In recent years, ____ (想象表现或变化).
In addition/Besides,____ (进一步阐述想象). this phenomenon has aroused hot discussion.
____ (总述想象) play a significant role in ———(某方面). ____ (进一步阐述该想象的原因). Therefore, ____ (总结现象导致的结果). However, some people argue that ____ (问题1). In addition, (问题2).
However, the excessive use of disposable plastic bags can lead to severe consequences. In the past few years, there has been a sharp growth in using plastic bags, which has given a rise to problems like environmental pollution. What’s worse, some bags are of poor-quality, and even harmful to our health.
spite of some drawbacks, this policy is beneficial to the public and the next generation in the long run. In a word, we
should open all the museums to the public for free.
Recently, limiting the use of disposable plastic bags has been brought to popular attention in China. No one denies that they once gained great popularity in our daily life.
现象解释型(说明文)
现象解释型作文明确描述社会生活中存在的 某种现象，通常要求考生对这一现象作出说明， 进而解释这种现象存在或发生的原因，有些题目还 会要求考生说明这种现象可能会产生的影响。这种 类型作文的提纲如下：
首段描述现象，中间段分析产生这种现象的原因 以及可能会带来的影响，最后针对现象做出评论， 表明自己的态度，观点或做法以及如何在日常行为中 有效的消除这种现象或其不利方面。
becomes a headache in light of security.
As far as I’m concerned, we should take this policy’s influence on developing people’s patriotism and satisfying people’s spiritual demands into consideration. Furthermore, in
As non-profit organizations run by the government, museums play a significant
role in preserving and protecting our
Cultural heritage. However, before the policy concerning free entrance was carried out, some people, low-income groups in particular, could not set aside money for admission. Therefore, this policy means to attract more people to museums, which will make people accessible to the public knowledge and culture about their hometown and our country. However, some people argue that free admission will undoubtedly add financial burden on museums. In addition, the increasing number of visitors
Awareness of the matter in question is one thing, but how to cope with it is another thing. To solve the problem, ____ (解决问题的措施).
As a result,____ (解决问题的意义). Only in this way can we ____ (解决问题).