物流专业英语1

物流专业英语试题及答案一、选择题（每题1分，共10分）1. What does the acronym "3PL" stand for in logistics?A. Third Party LogisticsB. Three Party LogisticsC. Third Party LiabilitiesD. Third Party Law2. The term "EDI" refers to:A. Electronic Data InterchangeB. Electronic Document InterchangeC. Electronic Device InterfaceD. Electronic Document Integration3. What is the primary purpose of a warehouse in logistics?A. To store goods for future saleB. To provide a place for goods to be manufacturedC. To transport goods to their final destinationD. To sell goods directly to consumers4. Which of the following is not a mode of transportation?A. RoadB. RailC. AirD. Warehouse5. The term "inventory" in logistics refers to:A. The process of moving goods from one place to anotherB. The goods that are held in stock awaiting saleC. The process of receiving goods from suppliersD. The process of delivering goods to customers6. What is the role of a logistics manager?A. To manage the financial aspects of a companyB. To oversee the operations of a logistics departmentC. To design and manufacture productsD. To handle customer service inquiries7. Which of the following is a type of transportation document?A. Bill of LadingB. Bill of SaleC. Bill of ExchangeD. Bill of Rights8. What is the meaning of "LTL" in logistics?A. Less Than LoadB. Large Transport LoadC. Long Term LeaseD. Limited Time Limit9. The term "drop shipping" refers to a method where:A. The seller stores and ships the goods themselvesB. The manufacturer ships the goods directly to the customerC. The goods are shipped from one warehouse to anotherD. The goods are shipped to a central distribution center10. Which of the following is not a function of supply chainmanagement?A. PlanningB. SourcingC. ManufacturingD. Advertising答案：1-5 A A A A B6-10 B A A B D二、填空题（每题1分，共10分）1. The process of managing the flow of goods and information from the point of origin to the point of consumption is known as the _______ chain.2. In logistics, the term "lead time" refers to the _______ it takes for an order to be delivered after it has been placed.3. The acronym "FCL" stands for _______ Container Load.4. A _______ is a person or company that arranges the transportation of goods for others.5. The term "cross docking" refers to the practice of _______ goods as they are received and shipping them out without storing them.6. A _______ is a document that provides evidence of the terms of a contract for the transportation of goods.7. The process of managing the movement and storage of goods from raw material stage to the finished goods stage is known as _______ management.8. The term "hub-and-spoke" refers to a _______ model where goods are transported to a central hub and then distributed to various locations.9. The acronym "TMS" stands for _______ Management System.10. The _______ is the person responsible for ensuring that the cargo is properly loaded, secured, and unloaded.答案：1. supply2. time3. Full4. freight forwarder5. unloading and reloading6. contract of carriage7. inventory8. logistics9. Transportation10. stevedore三、简答题（每题5分，共20分）1. 简述物流中的“Just-In-Time”（JIT）库存管理的概念。

Sentence Explanations
1. Perhaps a given product is something that no one else can match in terms of price.
也许就价格来说，某个产品 也许没有任何能与之比拟的 其他产品。
Sentence Explanations
还有一点要提出的，即控制物流过 程：可靠性优势。
Sentence Explanations
5. The most fundamental objective is to carry out all processes across the supply chain so that the end product does what it is supposed to do.
Key point: Logistics Key words: transport, delivery, package, warehouse, inventory, procurement Requirement: By the end of this lesson, you should be able to understand the definition of logistics.
最根本的目标是完成整个供应链所 有过程，以使最终产品符合预先设 计的要求。
Sentence Explanations
6. Internally, controlling measures, at the heart of supply structure, will help to reduce costs by eliminating errors, and help to increase dependability by making processes more certain.

物流圈:
3
资料来源:《物流专业英语》
1. Logistics
The scope of logistics Logistics covers a variety of functions which include, but are not limited to, the following:
Logistics mainly focuses on procurement and distribution of physical goods. However, it is also linked with production. The key issue is to decide how and when raw materials, semifinished and finished goods should be acquired, moved and stored. The seven rights
原材料 半成品 产品 价值链 供应商 承运商 配送中心 零售商 装配 仓储 库存跟踪 库存管理 客户服务 物流成本 订单管理 渠道分销 配送 递送 生产调度 订单处理 搬运装卸 流通加工 需求预测 选址 仓库布局 车辆调度 拣选 raw materials semi-finished goods finished Product value-chain supplier carrier distribution center retailer assembly warehousing inventory tracking inventory management customer service logistics cost order management channel distribution distribution delivery production scheduling order processing handling, loading and unloading distribution and processing demand forecasting site selection warehouse layout vehicle scheduling order picking 垂直整合 vertical integration 横向整合 horizontal integration 供应链模型 supply chain model 大规模生产 mass production 定制产品 customized product 员工授权 employee empowerment 决策支持系统 decision Support System 快速响应 quick response(QR) 信息共享 information sharing 通用产品编码 Universal Product Code(UPC) 电子数据交换 Electronic Data Interchange(EDI) 销售点 Point of sale(POS) 高效客户响应 Efficient Consumer Response(ECR) 连续库存补充计划 Continuous Replenishment Program(CRP) 库存周转 Inventory Turn 需求配送规划 Distribution Requirements Planning(DRP) 配送资源计划 Distribution Resource Planning(DRP II) 供应商管理库存 vendor managed inventory(VMI) 供应链作业参考模型 Supply chain operations reference model(SCOR) 整合信息系统 Integrated information system 电子商务 Electronic commerce 协同管理 coordinated management 实物分销 physical distribution 集货 freight consolidation 逆向物流 reverse logistics

UNIT I LOGISTICS第一单元物流PART ⅠThe Definition of LogisticsPART Ⅰ物流的定义The introduction of Logistics物流简介[Para1]“Logistics” is a term, which originates from both the army an d French. According to the French, the Baron of Jomini, who of Swiss origin who had served in Napoleon’s army before joining the Russians and who later founded the Military Academy of St. Petersburg, first used the term in the early 19th century. So in a military sense, the term ‘logistics’ encompasses transport organization, army replenishments and material maintenance.“物流”或“后勤”一词其实源于军队，对其词义解释亦有多个不同版本，根据法国人阐述之词义，该词早于十九世纪初被祖文尼男爵率先采用。

祖文尼是一名原藉瑞士的军官，他在投奔俄罗斯军队之前在拿破伦军中服役，其后一手创立“圣彼得堡军事学院”。

就军事意识而言，物流管理―词意即运输编制、军队补给和物料保养。

[Para2] In the business world however, the concept of “logistics” was applied solely to “Material Replenishment Programs” (MRP) and was confined to the manufacturing sector at the beginning. Therefore the extension of the concept to involve company operations is a relatively new one and the earliest usage dates back to the 1950s in the USA.然而在商务界中，“物流管理”的概念仅仅用于“物料需求计划”，并且最初是在制造业的部门开始使用。

ReferencesUnit 1 An Introduction to Business LogisticsPart II. Exercises for Dialogue 1Answer the following questions according to the dialogue.1.Logistics means to supply the right product at the right time in theright quantity in the right condition at the right place for the right customer at the right price.2.It includes the procurement, maintainance, distribution andreplacement of personnel and material.3.These two concepts are the same meanings. Logistics is generalmeaning and includes military definition and business definition.Business logistics stresses special term on a trade or business. Exercises for Dialogue 21.(Opening)2.(Opening)Part III. Practical ReadingsExercises for Text 1I. Answer the following questions:1. Business logistics means to be defined as a business-planning framework for the management of material, service, information and capital flows.2. Business logistics involves the following activities: demand forecasting,procurement, materials handling, packaging, warehouse and inventory management, ordering processing, logistics communications, transport, customer service and so on.3. The role of logistics is to maintain the balance between the minute details and the main elements involved in a product.II.1.商务物流管理有不同版本的不同定义 2 必要资源的利用3. 逆向货物的搬运4. 人员和材料的补充5. 复杂信息6. 现代的商业环境7. 需求预测8. 设施场地选择9. 公司最重要的财富10. 公司战略抉择走势评定III. definitions—heart---output---service---strategyIV. 1. 这一非常宽广的物流观点把单一的供应链与贸易公司的方方面面整合在一起。

物流专业英语 十
• • • • • • • • 1. raw materials 原材料; 2. finished goods 成品; 3. production cost 生产成本; 4. product cost 产品成本； 九 5. aggregate product cost 产品总成本； 6. logistic activity 物流活动； 7. railway 铁路； 8. highway 高速公路.
物流专业英语 十一
• • • • • • • • 1. port of unloading 卸货港 2. port of loading 装运港 3. container 集装箱 九 4. FOB 离岸价 5. CFR 到岸价（无保险） 6. CIF 到岸价（含保险） 7. the time of shipment 装运时间，船期 8. shipping space 仓位
物流专业英语 十二
• • • • • • • • 1. FCL 整箱货，整柜装箱装载 2. LCL 拼箱货，散货拼箱 装载 3. TEUs 20英尺标准箱 4. FEUs 40英尺标准箱 九 5. international freight forwarder 国际代运公司 6. customs 海关 7. forwarder 货代（货运代理） 8. shipping agent 船运代理人
物流专业英语 九
• • • • • • • 1. motor transportation 汽车运输； 2. rail transportation 铁路运输； 3. air transportation 航空运输； 4. water transportation水路运输； 5. pipeline transportation 管道运输； 6. point-of-origin 原产地（origin place）； 7. point-of-consumption 消费地点(place of consumption)； • 8. logistician• • • • • • • • 1. logistics 物流 2. article 物品 3. goods 商品 4. cargo 货物，船货 5. logistics activy 物流活动 6. logistics cost 物流成本 7. logistics management 物流管理 8. supply logistics 供应物流

原产地point of origin
物资储存storage of goods
消除低下的效率eliminate inefficiency
产品的流转，储存和控制movement,storage,and control of products
和供应相关的活动supply-related activities
A variety of functions多种功能
Across the company从整个公司
Control mechanism控制机制
Flexible planning 灵活的规划
Integration集成整合
Coordination协调
Labor,equipment and space 劳动力，设备和场地
Specialist fuels特种燃料
Heating oil供暖燃油
Food ingredients食品配料
Expertise专门技术，专门知识
Road delivery公路运送
Goods in process进程中的货物
As a buffer against things going wrong作为一种防止事情变坏的缓冲
Customer support 客户支持
Transportation 运输
Movement of people and goods人流和物流
Warehouse management 仓储管理
Purchasing采购
Include ,but not limited to 包括，但又不限于
Manual and powered手动或电动的
Pallet moving trucks 托盘搬运车

customers.
Manufacturer 厂家
Freight forwarder 货运公司
Consumer 客户
3. Production vs distribution
There are two types of primary activities
concerning the production of products:
price (2.5yuan) with minimal time cost.
Choice A is rarely the case because the
total logistics cost of direct purchase from
the manufacturer is too expensive for any
goods/product (semi-finished or finished)
to various locaitons/customers. Usually
manufacturers focus on production, while
logistics companies engage in distribution
In the right condition
At the right price
以适当的状况
以适当的价格
Warehousing 仓储
Logistics activities 物流活动
Transport 运输 Inventory Management 库存管理
6. 7R theory of logistics
Logistics is sometimes described as achieving the

Part ⅢPackingUnit 3 How to Pack Goods 1. Reference /ˈrefrəns/ n.参考；参考书例句：The only reference books he had you like them?他唯一的一本参考书.你喜欢么?2. Guarantee [ˌɡærənˈti:]vt.保证，担保例句：What guarantee do I have?我能得到什么保证？3. Stretch[strɛtʃ] vt.伸展；张开；例句：What happened on the bridge? How can you stretch?你们身上发生了什么事你能伸展吗?4. rural[ˈruərəl] adj.乡下的，农村的；例句：But lots of the excess was in more rural areas.但更多的剩余房屋坐落于更加农村的地区。

Part ⅣShipmentUnit 1 Terms of Shipment 1. Warehouse[ˈwɛəhaus]n.仓库，货栈；& vt.把…放入或存入仓库；例句：Coordinate the warehouse resources of the company.协调公司的仓库资源。

2. Reship [,riː'ʃɪp]vi. 再上船例句：However, Covers and rings are made in Asia and it would not be feasible, to reship , for cost reasons. 只因盖和环都是在亚洲制造让成重装增加了运费，所以是不可行的。

3. occur[əˈkə:] vi.发生；出现；闪现例句：Where did the shooting occur? To the north.在哪里发生这次枪战的?在小镇北边.4. delivery[diˈlivəri] n.传送，投递例句：Businesses that depend on just-in-time delivery cannot tolerate lateness.依赖准时交货的企业不能容忍货物迟交。

2.5
• What is logistics? 什么是物流？ • Logistics, in a narrow sense, is the flow and storage of goods. 狭义上讲，物流是商品的高 效流动与存储。
However, the Council of Logistics Management of USA has given an authoritative definition which is widely accepted by the logistics professionals. 然而，美国物流管理协会给出了一个权威的定义， 该定义受到物流专业人士的广泛接受。 “Logistics is that part of the supply chain process that plans, implements and controls the efficient, effective flow and storage of goods, service and related information from the point of origin to the point of consumption to meet customers’ requirements.” “物流是供应链的一部分，它对产品、服务和相关 信息从原产地到消费地的高效率和高效力的流动及 存储进行规划、实施和控制，以满足客户的要求。”
Text
Choice B is the most popular for individual consumers, in which the customer pays a higher retail price in exchange for ease of shopping and exemption of the time-consuming travel to the manufacturer, in addition to a lower total cost. B选择是个人零散客户最常用的选择，在此种 方式下，客户支付较高的零售价，在享有较 低的总成本的同时，还可以换取购物的轻松 并免除到厂家取货的耗时旅程。

货运代理专业英语词汇货运代理涉及许多专业术语和行业相关的英语词汇。

以下是一些货运代理专业常用的英语词汇：1.Freight Forwarding - 货运代理2.Logistics - 物流3.Customs Clearance - 海关清关4.Cargo - 货物5.Shipping - 装运6.Export/Import - 出口/进口7.Bill of Lading (B/L) - 提单8.Carrier - 承运人9.Consignment - 寄售10.Warehouse - 仓库11.Packing List - 装箱单12.Container - 集装箱13.Inland Transportation - 内陆运输14.Insurance - 保险15.Incoterms - 贸易术语16.Clearing Agent - 清关代理17.FCL (Full Container Load) - 整柜18.LCL (Less than Container Load) - 散货19.AWB (Air Waybill) - 空运提单20.T ariff - 关税21.Demurrage - 滞期费22.Transshipment - 转运23.ETA (Estimated Time of Arrival) - 预计到达时间24.ETD (Estimated Time of Departure) - 预计出发时间25.Manifest - 货物清单这些术语在货运代理行业中非常常见，对于处理货物运输、海关事务、保险和物流管理等方面都至关重要。

熟悉并掌握这些词汇能够帮助从业人员更好地理解和处理货运代理业务。

供应链的目的就是要优化生产前后期的库存水平、从整个公司 的劳动力、设备和场地on chart 配送图
运输 和物流应用
包裹贴标签 配送商 中心仓库 车队管理
Reading materials 阅读材料
What is a product? 什么是产品？
物流在供应链中的作用 正如第1单元所述，物流是供应链程序的一部分，它涉及到供应
链从始至终的管理。
What is supply chain management? Supply chain management (SCM) is concerned with the integration,
coordination and control of the flow of material, information and finances in supply chains.
The objectives of the supply chain are to optimize pre and postproduction inventory levels, obtain greater efficiency from labour, equipment and space across the company and provide flexible planning and control mechanisms.
配送商
零售商
顾客
The role of logistics in the supply chain As is said in Unit 1, Logistics is part of the supply chain process and
it involves the management of the supply chain from start to finish.

1. Supply chain consists of firms collaborating take advantage of strategic position and to improve operating efficiency.
Summary 本章小结
The chapter focuses on the concept of supply chain and supply chain management. Supply chain consists of firms collaborating to serve the needs of end-customers. Supply chain consists of firms collaborating to take advantage of strategic position and to improve operating efficiency.
True or False 判断对错
1.There are a variety of definition about the term "logistics", each have slightly different meaning.
2. Logistics involves the flow and storage of "goods, services, and related information".
5. Good customer service is to make sure that the right person receive the right product with the right quantity at the right place at the right time in the right condition, even the cost is very high.

Introduction
consumption for the purpose of conforming to customers requirements. Note that this definition includes inbound,outbound,internal, and external movements, and return of materials for environmental purposes.
distribution”
but
also
integrating
information and providing quality services.
Hale Waihona Puke Functions of Logistics
6The modern conception of logistics consists of several functions, which relate with each other, as follows: 7Procurement deals with the buying of goods and services that keep the organization functioning. Since these inputs have a direct impact on both the cost and quality of the final product/service offered to the consumer, this activity is vital to the success of the logistics effort. The objective is to secure optimal supplier performance with respect to quality, timely delivery,

一1物流师：Logistician2物流策略联盟：Logistics alliance3物流审计：Logistics audit4物流生涯：Logistics career5物流工程：Logistics engineering6物流费用：Logistics fees7物流弹性：Logistics flexibility8物流信息系统与通信系统包含托运、运送、仓储和通信的信息系统Logistics information and telecommunications system(LITS) 9委托物流：Logistics outsourcing10物流需求规划：Logistics requirement planning11物流服务业：Logistics service industry12国内物流：Domestic logistics13全球物流：Global logistics14物流反映时间：Logistics response time15环保物流：Green Logistics二1责任归属：accountability2脑力激荡发：Brainstorming3商业物流：Business logistics4专业物流师：Certified Professional Logistician（CPL）5物流主管：Chief logistics officer6差别物流：Differentiated distribution7一般货物运送业：General commodities carrier8理货成本：Handing casts9跨州运送者：Interstate carrier10国际标准书号：International Standard Book Number（ISNB）11国际物流：International logistics12仓库管理系统：Warehouse managing system三1会计账本、记账成本：Accounting cost2作业基础成本法：Activity based costing3代理成本：Agency cost4平均成本法：Average cost method5损益平衡点：Break-even point6资本预算评估：Capital budgeting7存货持有成本：Carrying costs8可控制成本：Controllable costs9物流成本递减：Decreasing logistics costs10外部成本：External cost11固定成本：Fixed cost12联合成本：Joint cost13销售丧失成本：Lost sales cost14下订单的成本：Ordering cost15歇业成本：Shut-down cost16利润最大化：Skimming price17标准成本：Standard cost18开办成本：Start-up costs四1运费优待：Aggregate tender rate2联合包装：Banded pack3顺序托运单：Bill of Lading，order4账单上的货重：Billed weight5空重：Deadweight6倾斜式输送机：Declining conveyor7悬吊式运输：Goods on hanger（GOH）8汽车货运业：Hauler9高速行进中侧重：High speed weight-in-motion（HSWIN）10工业包装：Industrial packaging11轻卡车：Light trucks12长途短途差别取价：Long-haul-short-haul discrimination 13零担运输：LTL shipment14运送方式：Method of shipment15汽车运输业合理运费：Motor carrier reasonable rate16包裹：Package17包裹运送业：Package hauler18套装软件：Package software19托盘：Pallet五1售后服务：After-sales service2延迟订单：Back order3客户态度：Customer attitude4客户导向：Customer driven5自领：Customer pickup6客户关系管理：Customer relation management7客户往来保持：Customer retention8客户满意：Customer satisfaction9定做软件：Customer software10客户周转率：Customer turnover rate11客户价值：Customer value六1订单后组装：Assembly-to-order2自动仓储系统：Automated storage and retrieval system3可用存货：Available inventory4月台：Dock5月台缓冲垫：Dock bumpers6自行组装：Do-it-yourself7高背集装箱：High cube container8高密度负荷：High-density load9存货余额：Inventory balances10存货模式：Inventory modeling11装载率：Load factor12负荷比：Load ratio13装卸费：Loading and unloading fees14托盘式货架：Pallet rack15拣货时间：Picker time16平车载运拖车：Trailer-on-flatcar七1买方拍卖：Buyers auction2集中采购：Centralized procurement3采购经理认证：Certified Purchasing Manager4联合采购：Cooperative buying5经济订购区：Economic order interval6经济订购量：Economic order quantity7购买4个O：Four Os of purchasing8全球采购：Global sourcing9订单履行：Order filling10采购订单：Purchase order11采购前置时间：Purchasing lead time12购货退回或折让：Purchase returns and allowance。

——Introduction to logistics——物流导论1. 物流定义物流，物流中心，以及物料的流动特性都被称为物流。

物流最初形成于美国，被称作“实物配送”（PD），“实物分配”或者“货物传送”。

在20世纪60年代后，日本引入了这样的概念, 即：物流是实现产品和消费品之间的管理、运输、物流搬运、包装等联系的过程，并且作为一种信息角色的支持来控制这类功能。

它扮演在销售物料中的桥梁角色。

物流是一个中国乃至全世界的热门语题。

虽然它已经不是一个新生事物了，但是不少人对物流的认识仍然有限。

物流知识正是本教科书的题材。

人们往往将物流称为货物流通，是的，这部分是正确的，但是物流远远不止这些。

那么物流究竟是指什么呢？当你看到术语“物流”时，你可能会意外的发现存在着各种不同版本的定义，每种都各有不同的含义。

为了避免可能发生的对物流含义的误解，本书采用美国供应链管理专业协会（前身为美国物流管理协会)目前的定义，该协会是全世界物流专业领城中最著名的组织。

根据美国物流管理协会，物流是指以满足客户需求为目的，对货物、服务以及相关信息从原产地到消费者的高效、有效流动及储存进行计划、实施和控制的过程。

这是一个相当长的定义，为了更好地理解，我们来更详细分析它。

1.1 这是一个“计划、实施和控制过程”首先，物流是一个“计划，实施和控制”的过程。

特别重要的是“和”这个词，它暗示出物流应该涵盖三个活动，计划、实施、控制，不只是其中的一个或两个。

不过有人认为，现代物流更多指的是实施而不是物流策略的规划。

1.2 关于“有效与高效流动和储存”请注意，该定义还提到了“有效和高效流动和储存”。

一般来说，效果可以被看作是“一个公司在他们所言及的将要做的工作方面做得怎么样”。

例如，如果一家公司承诺，所有订单将在24小时内收到，那么效果是指在实际中装运发货并在24小时内收到的订单所占的比例。

相比之下，效率可以被认为是为达到公司承诺，资源被利用的好坏程度。

The Coca Cola soft drink product moves by the typical supply chain. The retail price is higher because value is added to the product as it passes through each node in the supply chain (Figure 2).
一般来说, 商品/产品的流转需遵循典型的供应链模式（见图1）。
Manufacturer 厂家
Distributor 配送商
Wholesaler 批发商
End consumer 最终客户
Figure 1 A typical supply chain 图1 典型的供应链
Retailer (Supermarket) 零售商（超市）
流通是把商品/产品（半成品或成品）移动到不同地点或客户的 行为或过程。通常来说, 制造厂商把重心放在生产上, 而物 流公司则从事商品的流通。
Figure 3 Scope of logistics activities 图3 物流活动的范围
All facets of logistics 物流面面观
From a wider perspective, we can conclude that logistics is or is about:
如果客户想买一瓶可口可乐，他可能选择:
• go straight to the manufacturer, buy it at ex-factory price (e.g. 1.50 Yuan/bottle) but pay extra costs for bus fare (e.g. 5 Yuan or more) , totaling 6.50 Yuan plus time cost (hours of bus travel), or