2019英语高考《定语从句》考点讲解

2019高考英语定语从句分析什么是定语从句定语从句共有四个字，两个词，这个名字已经告诉我们关于它的一切，下面我们分析一下：定 = 限定语 = 句子成分定语组合在一起的意思是：用于限定的句子成分限定什么呢？限定句子中的名词The little girl likes classical music.形容词little限定了名词 girl，作了定语，同时组成了一个偏正短语，形容词是“偏”，名词是“正”，“偏”是“次要的”，“正”是“主要的”，因此定语属于“次要成分”形容词classical同上从 = 从属句 = 句子从句组合在一起的意思就是：从属的句子完全理解就是：从句是从属于另一个句子的句子，首先一定要是个句子，从属于另外的句子，也就是作了另外一个句子的成分，作什么成分就叫“X X从句”那么定语从句的完全理解就是：是一个句子，这个句子从属于另一个句子，就是作了人家的成分，作的成分是定语The girl who likes classical music is my little sister.Who likes classical music首先是个句子，从属于另一个句子：The girl is my little sister，也就是作了它的成分，作的成分是定语定语的作用就是限定一个句子的名词，如果需要，任何名词都可以用一个定语从句来加以限定。

比如下面一句话：The girl likes music.我们可以用一个句子来限定 girl ：The girl who is a nurse likes music.也可以用一个句子来限定 music :The girl likes music which was played by the musician.当然也可以同时加以限定：The girl who is a nurse likes music which was played by the musician.。

考点21 关系代词引导的定语从句高考频度:★★★★★【考点解读】定语从句在高考的基础知识方面的考查主要体现在单选题，语法填空及短文改错中，在单项选择中主要考查定语从句的一些基本用法,如常见关系词的选择，在选择的过程中，一定要注意限制性与非限制性定语从句的区别，定语从句与名词性从句，及状语从句的引导词的区别等，有时也会与其他修饰性的句型结构之间进行误导性考查，如与强调句性等,所以重点掌握的是从高考题中总结规律,达到熟练应用。

【高考预测】定语从句是历年高考的重点，主要考查常见关系代词和关系副词的用法，比如which/that/as/ when/where的用法及区别性的选择等，及与其他从句如名词性从句的区别等。

在高考的中主要体现在语法填空，短文改错,完型填空等中，且完形填空80%每年会出一道题。

考向一常见关系代词的基本用法1。

that可指人或物;在定语从句中作主语，宾语，表语。

指人时，相当于who或whom；指物时，相当于which。

不能引导非限制性定语从句;不可置于介词后作宾语。

2。

which指物；在定语从句中作主语，宾语.如：The book which/that was on the desk was bought by my father。

（主语）3. who，whom, whose（1）who: 主格，在从句中作主语,只可指人（2)whom: 宾格，在从句中只能作宾语；只可指人（3）whose: 表所属关系，在从句中作定语。

译为:某人的，某物的(4）whose + 名词=the + n. + of which （某物的) = he + n. + of whom (某人的)注意：①关系代词作介词宾语(在定语从句中，介词提前时，介词后:表人用whom;表物用which）②关系代词在定语从句中用作介词宾语时，介词可放于从句之首, 也可放于从句之末. 但以放于句首较为正式。

（介词前置，必须注意不影响动词词组的含义.关系代词who 和that 用作介词宾语时，介词必须放在句末.）4。

秘笈06 定语从句定语从句的用法较为复杂，高考除了单独考查定语从句知识外，还常常结合句式结构、时态等来综合考查.纵观近几年各地高考试题，不难发现其考点主要包括：1. 考查关系代词和关系副词的区分.如： that, which和where, when的区分; that, which和why的区分等.2. 考查whose的使用.whose可以指代人或物, 在定语从句中作定语, 后跟名词.指物时, whose＋名词＝名词＋ of which ＝ of which＋名词.如：The classroom whose door/the door of which/of which the door is broken is on the second floor.3. 考查as/which引导的非限制性定语从句.尤其要重视which，as引导的非限制性定语从句和it，what 引导的主语从句的区分.4. 考查定语从句中的主谓一致现象.如：I, who am your close friend, will try my best to help you whenever you are in trouble. 5. 考查“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句.“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句，关系代词指人时用whom，指物时用which，不能用that.关系代词作定语时也可用whose.如：The teacher in front of whose house stands a tall tree is very patient with his students.6. 考查一些特殊的先行词.如：当situation, point, case, activity, scene及period, festival, occasion等出现时, 要注意具体情况具体分析; 作主语、宾语和表语时, 用关系代词that/which; 作状语时, 用关系副词where/when或“介词＋which”, 表示在某种特定的情形下.7. 考查定语从句、强调句、时间状语从句等的区别.考点1 关系代词1. 定语从句中的引导词及其在从句中的作用☞Is he the man who/that wants to see you?他是那个想见你的男人吗？(who/that在从句中作主语) ☞He is the man whom/that I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天见的那个人.(whom/that在从句中作宾语) ☞The man whom you spoke to just now is our English teacher.刚才和你说话的那个男人是我们的英语老师.☞The package(which/that)you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.你拿的那个包裹快要散开了.(which/that在从句中作宾语)☞A child whose parents are dead is called an orphan.双亲都死了的孩子叫作孤儿.(whose表示那个孩子的双亲)☞He lives in a room whose window faces south.他住在那个窗户朝南的房子里.(whose表示那个房子的窗户)2. 关系代词that和which的用法区别☞It is the best film(that)I have seen.这是我看过的最棒的电影.☞He is the very man that they are looking for.他正是他们在寻找的人.☞They talked of things and persons that they remembered in the school.他们谈到他们记得的学校的那些人和事.3. 关系代词as引导限制性定语从句的用法（1）as既可指人又可指物，在定语从句中充当主语、宾语等，引导限制性定语从句时的固定搭配：thesame ...as ...；such ...as ...；so/as ...as ...☞She is such a nice girl as we all like.她是一个我们大家都喜欢的好女孩.【注意】 ①This is such a beautiful park that everyone wants to visit it. 这是一个如此漂亮的公园以至于每个人都想去参观.②This is such a beautiful park as everyone wants to visit.这是一个如此漂亮的每个人都想去参观的公园. 句①由于从句中不缺少任何语法成分，故从句在这个结构中为结果状语从句.句②从句中动词visit 缺少宾语，故应用关系代词as 引导定语从句.（2）the same ...as 与the same ...that 的区别：⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧与原物同类，即同类异物和原物是同一个，即同类同物☞This is the same pen as I bought yesterday. 这和我昨天买的那支钢笔一样.☞This is the same pen that I bought yesterday.这就是我昨天买的那支钢笔.1. (2017·新课标卷III ·短文改错)Around me in picture are the things they were very important in my life at that time ： car magazines and musical instruments. 【参考答案】 they →that/which2.(2017·北京卷·单项填空）The little problems ________ we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions. A. that B. as C. where D. when【参考答案】A【答案解析】考查定语从句.先行词是 the little problems, 在从句中作 meet 的宾语，故选关系代词that.句意：我们在日常生活中遇到的那些小问题有可能会成为伟大发明的灵感.3.Among the many dangers__________ sailors have to face, probably the greatest of all is fog. A. which B. what C. where D. when【参考答案】A【答案解析】分析句子结构可知，________sailors have to face 是定语从句，修饰先行词the many dangers ，且从句缺少宾语，要用关系代词. 因此A选项正确.句意为＂在水手不得不面对的许多危险中，可能最大的是雾霾.＂考点2介词+关系代词一、有时从句中的介词可以提前到关系代词之前，形成＂介词＋关系代词＂结构，关系代词可以用which， whose，whom，不可以用that.＂介词＋关系代词＂引导定语从句常见的有以下几种结构：（1）介词＋关系代词☞Mandela was the black lawyer to whom I went for advice.＝Mandela was the black lawyer whom I went to for advice.曼德拉是我寻求帮助的一位黑人律师. （2）名词/代词/数词＋介词＋关系代词☞He wrote a book, the name of which I’ve completely forgotten.他写了一本书，书名我完全给忘记了.☞The old man has two daughters, both of whom are doctors.那位老人有两个女儿，她们都是医生.（3）形容词最高级＋介词＋关系代词☞China has thousands of islands，the largest of which is Taiwan.中国有成千上万的岛屿，其中最大的是台湾.（4）介词＋关系代词＋名词☞I called him by the wrong name，for which mistake I apologized.我叫错了他的名字，为此我向他表示了歉意.(不能使用whose)二、＂介词＋关系代词＂结构中介词的选用1.一般来说，确定关系代词前的介词，可以从以下三方面入手：①先行词的意义；②从句中的动词或形容词与先行词的固定搭配；③句子的意思.☞I’ll never forget the time during which I spent my childhood in the country.我永远不会忘记孩童时代我在乡村度过的时光.2. 表示＂整体和部分关系＂，介词常用of.在some，any，few，none，all，both，neither，most，each 等代词或数词的前、后可以用of which/whom.☞John invited about 40 people to his wedding，most of whom are family members.约翰邀请了大约40人参加他的婚礼，他们当中绝大部分是家庭成员.3.有时＂介词＋where＂可以引导定语从句，此时要和＂介词＋which＂引导的定语从句从意思上加以区别.☞His head soon appeared out of the window，from where he saw nothing but trees.他的头很快从窗口探了出来，从那里除了树木他什么也看不到.(from where相当于from out of the window，而不是from the window)三、 of whom, of which与whose的用法解析.1. whose的用法①whose引导定语从句, 后应紧跟名词, 构成名词短语.☞The boy, whose father is an engineer, studies very hard.那位小男孩学习很努力, 他的父亲是位工程师.②whose引导定语从句时, 先行词既可指人, 也可指物.☞The bicycle, whose brake was damaged, has now been repaired.那辆自行车的闸坏了, 现在已修好了.③whose在定语从句中与它所修饰的名词一起可作介词宾语, 可以与介词一起放在先行词与从句之间.在whose引导的定语从句中, 可用of which代替whose, 但词序不同, 即“whose＋名词＝the＋名词＋of＋which”；而用of whom代替时只能指人, 有时可以与whose互换.☞The boss, in whose factory Mary's father once worked, is kind to her.老板对玛丽很好, 玛丽的父亲曾经在他的工厂工作过.☞He lives in the room whose window (the window of which) faces south.他住在窗户朝南的房间里.2. 下列情况只用of which或of whom, 而不用whose引导定语从句.①定语从句的主语是some, many, few, little, much, most等词时, 用of which/whom, 不用whose.☞Here are the questions, some of which I thought difficult for you.就是这些问题, 我认为其中一些对你来说有难度.☞Present at the meeting were almost experts on DNA, most of whom came from the USA.出席会议的大多是DNA专家, 其中大部分来自美国.②定语从句的主语是all, both, neither, each, none等词时, 用of which/whom, 不用whose.☞He has two sons, both of whom are doctors.他有两个儿子, 都是医生.☞I bought him two pieces of clothing, neither of which he likes.我给他买了两件衣服, 他一件也不喜欢.③定语从句的主语是表示数量的词时, 用of which/ whom, 不用whose.☞Here are many books, two of which he borrowed.这儿有许多书, 他借走了两本.1.(2017·江苏卷) In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of ________ purposes is torelieve worldwide starvation.A. whichB. itsC. whoseD. whom【参考答案】C2.（2016 • 江苏卷）Many young people, most _________were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.A. of whichB. of themC. of whomD. of those【参考答案】C【答案解析】考查定语从句.本题定语从句的先行词是Many young people，关系代词whom指代先行词，在定语从句中作介词of的宾语.句意：很多年轻人都前往偏远地区追求它们的梦想，其中大部分人都受过良好教育.故C项正确.考点3 关系副词1. 常用的关系副词：when，why，where(在从句中只作状语)2. 意义及作用☞I’ll never forget the day(that/which)we spent together last week.我将永远不会忘记上周我们一起度过的那一天.☞I’ll never forget the day when I got to know you.我将永远不会忘记我认识你的那天.☞I don’t like the way(that/in which)he talks.我不喜欢他谈话的方式.☞Do you know the reason why(for which)he was so sorry?你知道他那么难过的原因吗？【注意】①在口语和非正式场合, when, where和why或相当于关系副词的“介词＋which”结构可用that来代替并可省略.☞Do you know anywhere (that) I can get a drink?你知道在哪儿我能喝杯酒吗？②why或that引导的定语从句, 先行词是reason, 且reason又作主句主语时, 表语从句不能用because引导, 而要用that引导.其句型为：The reason why...is that...或The reason that...is that....☞The reason why he was late for school was that he was injured in thetraffic accident on his way to school.他上学迟到的原因是他在上学路上的交通事故中受伤了.☞The reason that he explained at the meeting was that he hadto look after his mother in hospital.他在会上解释的原因是他不得不去照顾他住院的母亲.③“地点模糊”的先行词后跟where引导的定语从句.当先行词为point, situation, conditions, case, position, stage, scene,spot, activity, family, job等表示某人/物所处的情况、发展的阶段或表达某事的某个方面时, 用where引导定语从句, where相当于from which, under which等, 表示“在这种情况下”,“从……中”等.☞We’re just trying to reach a point where both si des will sit downtogether and talk.我们只是尽力想能达到双方共同坐下来商谈的地步.3. 关系代词与关系副词的选择依据①考虑代替先行词的关系词在从句中充当的语法成分, 如果关系词在从句中作主语、表语、宾语和定语,就用关系代词；如果关系词在从句中作状语, 就用关系副词.☞The house where he lives needs repairing.which/that he lives in他住的房子需要修理.☞Have you asked her for the reason that/which my explain her absence?why she was absent?你是否问过她缺席的原因？②辨别先行词表示的是人、物、时间、地点还是原因.☞I don’t like the man who always speak s ill of others.我不喜欢总是说他人坏话的人.☞I will never forget the days when we worked together.我永远也忘不了我们在一起工作的日子.③判断从句是限制性还是非限制性定语从句.☞A dictionary is a book that gives the meanings of words.词典是解释词语意思的书.☞A dictionary is a book, which gives the meanings of words.词典是一本书, 它给出词语的意思.④判断关系词在从句中作宾语还是作状语, 取决于定语从句中的谓语动词.☞This is the point where I disagree.这就是我不同意的地方.(disagree为不及物动词, 故关系词用where.)☞This is the point (which/that) I disagree with.这就是我不同意的地方.(从句缺少介词with的宾语, 用that/which引导, 也可以省略)1.（2016·天津卷）We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, the weather may be better.A. thatB. whereC. whichD. when【参考答案】D【易错提醒】当先行词是时间名词时，既可以用when引导定语从句，也可以用that或which引导定语从句，关键要看关系词在从句中作何种成分.若关系词在定语从句中充当状语，用when引导；若关系词在从句中充当主语或宾语，则用that或which引导.如：☛Do you remember the days when we chatted with each other all night?你还记得我们整夜聊天的那些日子吗？（when在从句中作状语）☛Do you remember the days that/which we spent together on the farm?你还记得我们在农场一起度过的那些日子吗？（that或which作spent的宾语）2. Experiments with domestic dogs, one animal was given a treat and another denied, have shownthat they possess a sense of fairness as they shared their treats.A. whatB. whereC. thatD. which【参考答案】B【答案解析】考查非限定性定语从句.句意：用家犬做试验，试验中一只给了食物，而另一只没有，这表明了它们有一种分享食物的公平感.分析句子结构可知，先行词是Experiments，where在非限制性定语从句中作地点状语，表示抽象地点，where相当于in which.故选B.考点4限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句一、可以引导非限制性定语从句的引导词大部分可以引导限制性定语从句的关系词也可以引导非限制性定语从句，但是关系代词that和关系副词why通常除外.1. 关系代词which先行词通常是指物的名词或代词，其中先行词还可以是短语或整个句子.☞The villa, which we saw yesterday, is very beautiful.我们昨天看的别墅很漂亮.（which指代the villa）☞Tom was always late for school, which made his teacher angry.汤姆上学总是迟到，这一点令他的老师很生气.（which指代整个主句的内容）2. 关系代词who,whom与whose先行词指人时，who在引导的非限制性定语从句中作主语，whom作宾语，whose作定语.☞Bob’s father, who worked on the project, spent four years in Egypt.鲍勃的父亲从事这项工程，在埃及度过了四年.（who作主语）☞A young man had a new girlfriend, whom he wanted to impress.一个年轻的小伙子新交了一个女朋友，他想给她留下深刻的印象.（whom作宾语）☞I decided to write about Chaplin, one of whose films I had seen several years before.我决定写有关卓别林的文章，他的一部电影我几年前就看过了.（whose作定语）3. 关系副词when与where关系副词在所引导的非限制性定语从句中作状语，where表示地点，when表示时间.☞Next month, when you’ll spend your summer holidays in your hometown, is approaching.下个月即将来临，届时你们将在家乡度暑假.（when指代表示时间的名词短语next month，并作从句的状语.）☞She is going to live in Macao, where she has some close friends.她要到澳门去居住，在那里她有几个密友.（where指代表示地点的名词Macao，并在从句中作状语.）4. asas可以引导非限制性定语从句，常有＂正如……＂的意思，所引导的从句既可置于主句之前，也可置于主句之后.as多用于固定搭配中：as is known to all众所周知as has been said before如前所说as is often the case情况常常如此as may be imagined这可以想象得出as has been pointed out正如已经指出的那样as often happens这种情况常常发生as is mentioned above 正如上面所提到的☞As you know, David is a photographer.=David, as you know, is a photographer.= David is a photographer, as you know.戴维是名摄影师，你是知道的.（as引导非限制定语从句，指代整个主句的内容.）【易混辨析】as与which引导非限制性定语从句时的区别☞As we know, smoking is harmful to one’s health.众所周知，吸烟有害健康.（as引导定语从句，位于句首，指代整个主句内容）☞Allen has made much progress in English, which delighted us.艾伦英语取得了很大进步，这使我们很高兴.（which引导定语从句，相当于and this，表示因果关系）二、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别☞The house, which we bought last month, lies in the center of the city.那套房子位于市中心，是我们上个月买的.（非限制性定语从句，不表明有多少套房子）☞The house (which/that) we bought last month lies in the center of the city.我们上个月买的那套房子位于市中心.（限制性定语从句，暗含＂可能有若干套房子＂之意）1.（2017·新课标卷I·语法填空）Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, 70 is not good for the health.【参考答案】 which2.（2017·新课标卷II·短文改错）In their spare time, they are interesting（改为interested） in planting vegetables in their garden, that is on the rooftop of their house.【参考答案】 which【答案解析】非限制性定语从句需要用which引导，故将that改为which.3. （2017·新课标卷III·语法填空）But Sarah, 64 has taken part in shows along with top models, wants to prove (prove) that she has brains as well as beauty.【参考答案】 who【答案解析】考查定语从句.分析句子结构可知， 64 has taken part in shows along with top models 是非限制性定语从句，非限制性定语从句中缺少主语，且先行词为Sarah，指人，要用who.4.（2016·全国新课标卷I·语法填空）But my connection with pandas goes back 64（to） my dayson a TV show in the mid-1980s, 65 I was the first Western TV reporter 66（permitted）(permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. 【参考答案】when【答案解析】考查定语从句.后面是非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少状语，又因先行词是时间，故填when.一、定语从句中需注意的问题1. 当先行词为表示方式的the way时，从句不能用how来引导，应用that或in which，或将它们全部省略.2. as引导限制性定语从句时，常用于下列句式中：such＋名词＋as ...＂像……一样的＂；the same＋名词＋as ...＂和……同样的＂.3. 当先行词是time时，若time表示＂次数＂，应用that引导定语从句，并且that可以省略；若time表示＂一段时间＂讲，应用when或＂at/during＋which＂引导定语从句.☞This is the second time(that)the president has visited the country.这是这位总统第二次访问这个国家.☞This is at a time when/during which there were no radios，no telephones or no TV sets.这是在一个没有收音机，没有电话，也没有电视的时代.4. 定语从句中的主谓一致当关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句中谓语动词的数原则上要与先行词保持一致，但要注意以下几点：先行词是＂one of＋复数名词＂结构时，关系代词引导的定语从句中的谓语动词一般用复数形式；但如有the very，the only，the first，the last，the right等修饰one时，谓语动词用单数.☞This is one of the most interesting questions that have been asked.这是被问过的最有意思的问题之一.☞She is the only one of the girls who studies hard.她是这些女孩中唯一一个刻苦学习的. 二、定语从句与地点状语从句的区别当定语从句的引导词与地点状语从句的连接词都是where时，定语从句修饰、限制、说明地点名词；而状语从句则说明动作发生的地点，where没有对应的地点名词或代词.☞This is the place where we used to live a few years ago.这就是几年前我们常居住的地方.（定语从句）☞Let’s go where we can find a better job.我们到我们能找到更好工作的地方去吧.（地点状语从句）三、定语从句与强调句型的区别定语从句对名词或代词的修饰和限制，关系词可能是that, which, as, who, but, 另一方面，句子中的It有所指；而强调句型是对某部分加强语气，强调语气的连接词只能是that, who，并且句子中的It 没有任何意义；一般比较明显，而有时就难以区别，还需要根据上下文的语境来判断.It is a book that he wants.它究竟是强调句型还是定语从句，就要从语境上来考察.如果它是用来回答What is this / that? 这样的问题，意思是：它是一本他想要的书.句子显然是定语从句.如果是用来回答What does he want? 这样的问题，那么意思是：他想要的是一本书.显然，句子是强调句型.I.单项填空1.He isn’t such a man _______ he used to be.A. whoB. whomC. thatD.as【答案】D【解析】考查连词.such… as是固定用法，as引导定语从句时，可以作主语，宾语或表语.在本题中as作表语.句意：他不再是以前的那样了.故选D.2.We must be in a place of peace and faith, so internal conflict and disbelief do not hold back _______ it is possible for us to achieve.A. howB. whatC. whyD. where【答案】B3.Actually, there are grammatical mistakes many students make _______ keep them from writing the good compositions.A. whatB. thatC. whoD. whether【答案】B【解析】考查定语从句连词.先行词为“grammatical mistakes”，关系代词that引导定语从句，并在从句中作主语.grammatical mistakes后面还跟了一个定语从句that/ which many students make.从句中引导词that或which作make的宾语，省去了.句意：事实上，许多学生所犯的语法错误使他们写不出好的作文来.故选B.4.The total number of shared bikes, _______ are easy to rent through smartphone apps, is increasing rapidly.A. whichB. whyC. thatD. who【答案】A5.The death of the closest relatives, _______ almost every one of us has experienced, always makes people feel bitter and unbearable.A. whichB. whoC.asD. the one【答案】C【解析】考查非限定性定语从句.句意：最亲近的亲人的离世，正如几乎每个人都经历过的，总是让人感到痛苦不堪.此处为非限定性定语从句，故C项正确.6.The WFP has launched a new app called Share The Meal, _______ the potential, people believe, is enormous as it allows smart-phone users to make donations with a simple tap on their phone.A. whoseB. thatC. whichD. of which【答案】D【解析】考查定语从句.句意：世界粮食计划署已经推出一个新的应用软件叫做Share The Meal，人们相信它的潜力是巨大的，因为它允许智能手机的用户用手机简单的点击就可以捐赠.使用定语从句，先行词是a new app，定语从句中完整表达是the potential of the app，用which引导定语从句，将of提到which 前面.或者是the potential of which.如果用whose，就去掉potential前面的the.故选D.II.语法填空阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式.My local supermarket is always busy. The first parking space I found was convenient, b ut I’d noticed a woman in a blue car circling for a while. Since I was in 1 good mood, I let her have it. So I backed into the next available spot — it was a tight fit.Soon I’d made my way through the supermarket and was back in the fresh air. 2 (feel) good, I emptied my change purse into the hands of a homeless man and helped a struggling woman reverseher car(倒车).Just as I approached my car, I saw the woman who I’d let have my car spot 3 (early). She was giving me an odd look —half puzzled, half enthusiastic. I smiled and wished her a pleasant day. As I squeezed back into my car, I 4 (spot) the same lady looking in at me. "Hello," she said, hesitantly. "This may sound crazy, 5 I was on my way to drop some of my mother’s things off at the charity bins. You are just so much 6 her. You helped those people, I noticed, and you seemed so happy." She looked at me 7 (mean), and passed a box in through the window. "I think she would like you to have it." 8 (shock), I took it from her automatically. She smiled and walked away.After a pause, I opened the box. Inside was a beautiful gold necklace with a large grey pearl. It was the 9 (nice) gift I’d ever received, and it was from a complete stranger. The necklace was around my neck, a warm 10 (remind) of human kindness.【文章大意】我在超市停车时，主动把停车位让给一个女士.出乎意外的是，她赠送给我一条她母亲戴过的金项链.这份意外的礼物时刻提醒我多做善事.1.a【解析】考查习惯搭配中的冠词.此处存在习惯搭配in a good mood，意为"心情好"，故本空填不定冠词a.2.Feeling3.earlier【解析】考查副词的比较级.此处表示我看见我早些时候让给她车位的那位女士，故填early的比较级earlier，意为"早些时候，先前".4.spotted【解析】考查时态.句中的时间状语从句"As I squeezed back into my car"表明本空应用一般过去时. 5.but【解析】考查连词.空格前后两句话之间为转折关系，故填表示转折关系的连词but.6.like【解析】考查介词.此处表示你和她做事风格非常像，因此本空填like.7.meaningfully【解析】考查词性转换.分析句子结构可知，此处应用副词修饰动词，故填副词meaningfully"意味深长地".8.Shocked【解析】考查非谓语动词.分析句子结构可知，此处应用过去分词作状语，表示主语的状态.此外，根据语境"我感到意外，不由自主地从她手中接过这条金项链"也可推断出，此处应填shocked，注意首字母大写.9.nicest【解析】考查形容词最高级.此处表示这是我收到过的最好的礼物.根据前面的the并结合语境可知，此处应用nice的最高级nicest.10.reminder【解析】考查词性转换.分析句子结构可知，此处形容词warm修饰名词，故填名词reminder.I.单项填空1. She is looking forward to the day her daughter wins the gold medal in the Olympics.A.howB.whichC.whenD.where【答案】C2. Some citizens will attend a meeting to be held by our city government, the opinions can be voicedfreely there.A.of whichB.of whomC.in whichD.in whom【答案】B【解析】考查定语从句.句意：一些市民将参加我们市政府举行的一个会议，在那里他们可以自由地发表他们的见解.空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为citizens.在此the opinions of whom相当于whose opinions.3. He is commonly regarded as a funny man rather than as a reformer , at bottom, he is.A.whenB.whereC.thatD.which【答案】C【解析】考查定语从句.句意：他通常被认为是个滑稽的人而非一个改革者，但他实际上就是一个改革者.分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，指代先行词a reformer，并在定语从句中充当表语，故用that.4. It was funny that he should have told such a funny story made everyone present burst into laughter.A.asB.thatC.whichD.what【答案】A【解析】考查定语从句.句意：真怪，他竟然讲了那样一个让在场的每一个人都放声大笑的滑稽故事.分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，若先行词被the same， such等词修饰或其前有so+形容词+不定冠词，其后的定语从句需用as引导.此题考生易错选that.such...that...中，that引导的是结果状语从句，且在句中只起连接作用，不充当句子成分；而分析该题的句子结构可知，空处在此引导定语从句，且在从句中作主语，故应用as.试比较：It is such a difficult problem that none of us can work it out. 这个问题如此难以至于我们中没有一个人能解出它.(that引导结果状语从句，在从句中不作成分)It is such a difficult problem as none of us can work out. 这是一个我们所有人都解不出的难题.(as引导定语从句，且在从句中作宾语)5. I will go to Paris to attend an exhibition many world-famous companies will present their latestproducts.A.whenB.whichC.whereD.whose【答案】C6. _________is generally believed, it is human activities that have contributed to the global warming.A.AsB.ThatC.WhatD.It【答案】A【解析】考查定语从句.句意：人们普遍认为，正是人类活动导致了全球变暖.As在此引导非限制性定语从句，指代主句的内容,并在定语从句中充当主语.II.语法填空阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式.Today I went in the melting snow to visit my 82-year-old friend. She needed help with her computer, so I went in for a computer repair and a chat. 1 I only managed to fix half of the problem, we had a lovely chat, and she presented me with some 2 (tradition) Portuguese cakes, called Queijadas de Sintra. She said a friend had posted 3 to her.Then we went to town to do some shopping. On the way back, I noticed a newly-opened coffee shop 4 (name) “Anglo-Milanese”, appealing to me. Being a fan of Italy and 5 (stay) in Milan a couple of years. I couldn’t help going to investigate. Once inside I noticed that people running the place were, in fact, Italian, so I placed my order 6 Italian and from then on we just started as if we 7 (know) each other for a lifetime.It was wonderful. 8 coffee shop is owned by four friends, two English people and two Italians. I ended up sharing my Queijadas Sintra with them 9 they loved the cakes very much. The lovely lady 10 sent those delicious cakes from Portugal could never have imagined that her gift would reach so far and make so many people smile.【语篇解读】本文主要介绍了作者偶遇意大利人开的咖啡店，并且为此而开心的故事.1. Although/Though2. traditional【解析】考查形容词.形容词traditional（传统的）作定语，修饰名词cake，意思是“传统的葡萄牙蛋糕”，故填traditional.3. them【解析】考查代词.此处的them指代上文的traditional Portuguese cakes，作动词posted的宾语，故填them.4. named。

2019最新高考英语语法要点细讲精练01—定语从句（详解）注意事项：认真阅读理解，结合历年的真题，总结经验，查找不足！重在审题，多思考，多理解！无论是单选、多选还是论述题，最重要的就是看清题意。

在论述题中，问题大多具有委婉性，尤其是历年真题部分，在给考生较大发挥空间的同时也大大增加了考试难度。

考生要认真阅读题目中提供的有限材料，明确考察要点，最大限度的挖掘材料中的有效信息，建议考生答题时用笔将重点勾画出来，方便反复细读。

只有经过仔细推敲，揣摩命题老师的意图，积极联想知识点，分析答题角度，才能够将考点锁定，明确题意。

【考纲解读】定语从句在历年的高考全国卷及各地卷的单项填空中，都是考试热点。

在今后的高考试题中，定语从句仍是考查的重点。

定语从句常被考查的知识有：〔1〕九个不同的关系代词或副词引导的限制性定语从句；〔2〕七个不同的关系代词或副词引导的非限制性定语从句；〔3〕对as，which，that，what 代词的理解区分及运用。

考查往往是通过关系代词或关系副词来实现，并考查定语从句、状语从句、名词性从句的区别。

总之，对定语从句的考查主要集中在关系代词和关系副词的选择上，我们尤其要注意“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句。

【知识要点】【一】形容词性从句一般称为定语从句，在句子中起定语作用，修饰一个名词或代词，有时可【二】引导定语从句的关系代词有which，that，who，whom，whose关系副词有when，where，why关系代词和关系副词不仅有连接先行词和从句的作用，而且在从句中担当一个句子成分。

1.1)由who关系代词whoAteacherisapersonwhopassesknowledgetothestudent.教师是传授知识的人。

〔关系代词在从句中作主语〕Themanwhocandothisworkwillget1000dollars.能够做此工作的人将获得1000美元。

〔关系代词who在从句中作主语〕2)由whom关系代词whom只能指人，是whoThemanwhomyoumetonthestreetismyfather.你在街上碰到的那个人是我父亲。

考点22 关系副词引导的定语从句高考频度:★★★★★关系副词引导的定语从句1.关系副词when，where,why的先行词是表示时间、地点或原因（一般为reason)的名词，在从句中作状语。

有时可用＂介词＋which＂结构替换。

☞I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.我还记得我第一次来北京的那天。

2.当定语从句中缺少主语或宾语时，即使先行词是表示时间、地点和原因的词仍用which/that.☞Is this the reason （that) he explained for his rudeness at the meeting?这是他在会议上解释的无礼的原因吗？3.当先行词为一些表示抽象地点的名词，如：point，situation，case，stage等，如果引导词在从句中作状语，常用关系副词where 引导定语从句；如果不作状语，则用关系代词that/which。

☞The media can often help solve problems and draw attention to situations where help is needed。

媒体经常能够帮助解决问题,把注意力吸引到需要帮助的情况.关系代词和关系副词的选择用法依据根据从句谓语动词若是及物动词，后面若无宾语，用关系代词；若是不及物动词则用关系副词.根据关系词在从句中作的成分把关系词放进定语从句中,若作主语或宾语用关系代词；作状语则用关系副词。

1.(2018·江苏卷·单项填空）Self—driving is an area _______China and the rest of the world are o n the same starting line.A. thatB. whereC。

which D。

when【参考答案】B【答案解析】考查定语从句。

专题八定语从句Each graduate standing on the playground, who was accompanied by a parent, would be awarded a diploma by the headmaster.每个毕业生都由父亲或母亲陪伴着站在操场上，等待校长给他们颁发毕业文凭。

My daughter, whose job requires her to do a lot of travelling, is always away from home.我的女儿总不在家，她的工作需要经常出差。

1．关系代词that与which的用法(1)限制性定语从句中只用that不用which的情况：①先行词是不定代词或者先行词被不定代词所修饰时，关系代词通常只用that。

Do you have anything that you want to say for yourself?你有什么要为自己说的吗？②先行词被序数词，形容词最高级，the only, the very, the last等修饰时，关系代词通常只用that，不用which。

This is one of the most exciting football games that I have ever seen.这是我见过的最激动人心的足球比赛之一。

This is the only thing that we can do now.这是我们现在唯一能做的事情。

③先行词既有人又有物时，关系代词只用that，不用which。

The scientist and his achievements that you told me about are admired by us all.我们所有人都钦佩你告诉我的那位科学家和他所取得的成就。

④定语从句出现在which或who的特殊疑问句中时用that。

Which is the bike that you lost?哪辆是你丢的自行车？Who is the boy that won the gold medal?赢得金牌的那个男孩是谁？⑤有两个定语从句时，其中一个关系代词宜用which，另外一个宜用that。

4．先行词是the main reason，在定语从句中作原因状语，只能用why引导。 5．先行词是my classmates，直接在介词of后作其宾语，先行词是人时，只能用whom。
two of whom中的of表示部分与整体的关系，意为“我的同班同学中的两个人”。
6．先行词是Jack，在定语从句中作主语，用who引导。 7．先行词是various sports，直接在介词among后作宾语，只能用which。 8．先行词是He will run 5 kilometers every day整个句子，并在从句中作主语，用which
5．当先行词是整个主句或主句的一部分时，这类非限制性定语从句只能由which或as 来引导。两者的区别在于：
(1)which引导的定语从句只能位于主句后，而as引导的定语从句可位于主句前、中、 后。 (2)which常译作“这”；而as常译作“正如”，且多与see，expect，imagine，know， hope等动词连用。 (3)在定语从句中作主语时，若用as，其谓语部分一般有be；若谓语是不含be的行为 动词时，要用which。 (4)as引导的定语从句只表示一个众所周知或意料之中的事，而which不受此限制。 (5)as常用于固定搭配中：as is often the case(n happens(正如经常发生的那样)；as is known to all(众所周知)；as has been said before(如上所述)；as is mentioned above(正如上面所提到的)等等。
__w__h_ic_h_→__w_h_e_r_e_/在__w__h_ic_h_前__加__上__a_t____ 10．The reason why he gave for not coming was that his mother didn’t allow him

傅昭仪 杖乃能行 五声为本 驱略畜产 天戒若曰 而丰 舜 歆亦受其赐 修学好古 京师闻青 徐贼众数十万人 赖宗庙神灵 所连引与淮南王谋反列侯 二千石 豪桀数千人 给事中 岁一人 《春秋》 成公即位十八年 而赦吏民之坐盗铸金钱死者数十万人 沕穆亡间 而乘舆所服乃其副也 复召署
守属治狱 亦称王 开门延士 角兵象 决大计 莽曰漆墙 以致天下之士 故屡以书饬君 莫能亢扞国难 伏矫制罚 上贤而释之 盖 汉王还栎阳 井陉 孔乡侯晏与躬谋 尽复取鲁 梁地 初令郡国举孝廉各一人 义字文仲 王室安 赐吏六百石以上爵五大夫 以剑割肉而去之 故《诗》云 忧心悄悄 故
以刚直不苟合 兴不急之事 如驰道状 人相食 言 刘伯升等皆行大戮 虽有大贤不能善治也 道不成 莽乃下诏曰 夫《周礼》有赊 贷 不胜即亡入海 皆曰 善 即鏦杀王 是以圣王觉寤 权轻重之数 曰 我老已死 属豫州 聚党千馀人 爰丝变色 自古而耻之 百王之极 又黑祥也 欲其生子 会廷尉
至愚极陋之累 故夜战则其声相闻 汉中太守请治 伊其相谑 此其风也 谒行於内 以为然而许之 非有文德以教训於下也 而兒宽 司马迁等犹从臣 谊之言 凡君行急则日行疾 或抵罪诛 功未录 制宜於今 外胜 丞相车不得行 衣其皮革 百卉殖 定行星二百四十一度 或当燕 代 莽之母功显君邑
高祖觉 莽曰陕亭 蚡起为寿 过昆阳 赦天下 病非徒瘇也 怛然伤心 至前 胥曰 女须良巫也 杀牛塞祷 行其正朔 服色 开府臧 仆对曰 唯唯 属并州 祝用币 追齐相田横至嬴 博 此圣人之所以昭教化也 仆窃不逊 二千石莫能制 右贤左戚 或言遂臣之 不敢入界 上使视鬼者瞻之 受厚福 孝元
定语从句
◆定义及其作用：
◆定语从句是中学阶段英语语法中十分重要的 一个语法项目，它在句子中出现的频率很高。 对正确理解句子的意义起着举足轻重的作用。 定语从句可分为：限制性定语从句和非限制性 定语从句。 ◆定语从句一般都紧跟在它所修饰名词后面， 所以如果在名词或代词后面出现一个从句，根 据它与前面名词或代词的逻辑关系来判断是否 是定语从句。

试卷讲评课件
▲ as通常以the same … as或such … as的形式引导定语从句，as在定 语从句中作主语、宾语或表语等。 as和which引导非限制性定语从句中都能指代整句内容，which译为“这”， as 译为“正如”。但定语从句位于句首时只能用as。As we all know,…/As is known to all,…(正如大家所知道….)
二、定语从句的关系词用法
试卷讲评课件
(一)关系代词：who、whom、which、that、whose、as
关系代词 who whom whose which that as
先行词 人 人
人/物 物
人/物 人/物
在从句中充当的成分 主语、宾语、表语
宾语 定语 主语、宾语 主语、宾语、表语 主语、宾语、表语
三、非限制性定语从句
试卷讲评课件
非限定性定语从句，从句式上看，有逗号隔开。它既可以修饰先行词， 也可修饰整个句子。它对其先行词没有限定、修饰的作用，只起补充、 说明的作用。 1.非限制性定语从句通常不能用that 2. 非限制性定语从句不能用why引导，要用for which代替why。例如： I had told them the reason，for which I didn't attend the meeting. 3. 非限制性定语从句置于句首时，不能用which引导。关系代词as引导 非限制性定语从句位置比较灵活，可以放主句前，也可以放主句后。
Tranquil/ˈtræŋkwəl/
试卷讲评课件
Li Shangyin(李商隐) 1.Li Shangyin was a Chinese poet of the late Tang Dynasty and born in Henei. 2.Li Shangyin was a typical late Tang poet. His works are sensuous, dense and allusive. 3.His most famous and cryptic poem is called Jin Se. sensuous/ˈsenʃuəs/ , dense/dens/ and allusive/əˈluːʒən/ .敏感、晦涩、含 沙射影。 Shangguan Wan'er(上官婉儿) 1. Shangguan Wan'er was a talented woman in Tang dynasty.

-【例】The woman who lives next door is a famous doctor. -【例】I like guys who have a good sense of humor.
定语从句注意点 ③：
定语从句的主谓一致问题
例句1中，谓语动词是第三人称单数,lives 例句2中，谓语动词是复数have
3.先行词是一个句子 Tom was late, which surprised me. 汤姆迟到了，这让我很吃惊。
(三）that可以代指“人”，也可以代指“物”
-【例】They talked about the classmates that they remembered. -【例】They talked about the things that they remembered .
2.who在从句中主语、宾语都可以做,whom只可做宾语 A rich person is not the one who has the most, but is the one who needs least. 一个富有的人，不是因为他拥有的最多，而是因为它需要的最少。
（二）先行词指“物”，用关系词which
（一）何为定语从句
定义：用来修饰名词或代词的从句
※主从句
I don’t like people who never keep their word. 我不喜欢不守信用的人。 从句内含有完整的主谓结构，并且前面有修饰的名词或者代词。
I can do everything for someone who I love. (先行词是不定代词someone) 我可以为我爱的人做一切。
（四）表示人或物的所有关系，用whose
-【例】I know a friend. His brother is a pop singer. 我认识一个朋友，他的哥哥是一名流行歌手。 I know a friend whose brother is a pop singer.

在主句中作定语的句子叫定语从句。

定语从句又分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两种。

一．定语从句关系词的选择定语从句关系词的选择是定语从句的重点和难点。

关系词分为关系代词和关系副词，关系词替代先行词在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语或状语。

关系词的选择可从两个方面入手：一是关系词在从句中所作的成分；二是先行词所指。

关系词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语时，用关系代词；关系词在从句中作状语时，用关系副词。

先行词指人时，关系代词用who, whom, that, whose；先行词指物时，关系代词用which, that, whose。

详见下表：1.关系代词who, whom, which, that引导定语从句关系代词who, whom, which, that在从句中作主语、宾语、表语。

1. The little problems _______ we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions. （2017北京）A.thatB. asC. whereD. when答案：A。

解析：这是一个复合句，主句是The little problems may be inspirations for great inventions，从句是_______ we meet in our daily lives。

从句修饰主句中的problem，是定语从句；关系词在从句中作meet的宾语，应用关系代词，故用that。

2. Happiness and success often come to those ________ are good at recognizing their own strengths.（2013湖南）A. whomB. whoC. whatD. which答案：B。

解析：这是一个复合句，主句是Happiness and success often come to those，从句是_______ are good at recognizing their own strengths。

2019高考英语专题复习定语从句（附答案）I. 考点分析一、概述用作定语的从句称为定语从句。

定语从句通常置于它所修饰的名词和代词之后，这种名词和代词被称为先行词。

引导定语从句的关联词为关系代词和关系副词。

其中，关系代词有who, whom, whose, that, which等，在从句中可作主语、宾语，定语等；关系副词有when, where, why等词，在定语从句中只用作状语。

其中，1. who, whom, whose指人，在从句中分别作主语（在非正式英语中也可作宾语,但可省略）、宾语和定语；whose也可指物，作定语；that可指人，也可指物，在从句中可作主语，也可作宾语；which指物，在从句中可作主语，也可作宾语。

注意：whom, that, which在从句中作宾语时可以省略。

请看例句：1）The man who was here yesterday is a painter.2) The man (who) I saw is called Smith.3) I know the man (whom) you mean.4) A child whose parents are dead is called an orphan.5) I'd like a room whose window looks out over the sea.6) A letter that is written in pencil is hard to read.7) The letter (that) I received from him yesterday is very important.8) Is he the man that sells eggs?9) That is the boy (that) you are looking for.2. When 指时间，where指地点，why指原因，在从句中都作状语。

2019年高考英语基础知识复习-定语从句一、定语从句1. 定语从句三步：第一找出先行词;第二看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能(做主语、宾语或状语);第三选择合适的关联词。

2. 定语从句在选择关连词that 与which 时，常常容易出错，所以应记住什么时候只能用that，什么时候只能用which.(1).只能用that 的情况归纳4 种：即先得词被序数词最高级修饰过;先行词为all 、everything、nothing 等不定代词;先行词同时是人和物并列时;最后先行词分别被the only 、the very the same、the last 修饰。

请看下列四组例句，注意其先行词：①.The first thing that we should do is to work out a plan .②.I t almost seemed as if the good man were trying to teach us all that he knew at this lesson .③.Later my father and Mr.Crosset talked for about half an four of things and persons that they remembered in school.④.This is the very dictionary that I want to find .(2).只用which is 情况有两种情况：一是非限制性定语从句，关连词要用which;二是做介词宾语时只能用which。

请看下列两组例句：I said nothing , which made him more angry .I have the book about which you are talking .三、在定语从句的非限制性定语中，which 和as 是容易混淆的。

在很多情况下两者兼可互换，但在下列情况中不可互换：1、通常As 可以放在整句的句首，而which，只能在逗号之后，as 本身含有“正如”，as 在定语从句中既可是主语也可做宾语As appear from her paper ,she has read widely in Romantic literature.She is remarkable, as I have told you .2、which 在做非限制性定语从句关联词时可以无明确先行词，指前句整个的意思，如：she has warried again,which surprises us .四、在定语从句中，许多人往往分不清all that 和what,what 实际上只引导名词性从句，它相当于all that 两个字，例如：All that I know is that he has made up his mind to heave the country for a new place.注：先行词是time, minute, moment, next tim 很少用关系副词when,可用that 但通常省去。

(4) the same as 与 the same that
the same as所引导定语从句的内容与先行词同类而不同物； 同物，即：同一事物。如：
the same that 表示所引导的从句内容与先行词同类
She is wearing the same coat that I lost a few days ago. 她正穿着我几天前所丢失的上衣。 (暗含：她偷了我的上衣 )
6.关系词之间的异同现象及选用。
考点 1：关系代词一览表
关系词
先行词
从句 成分
例句
备注
who
人
主语
whom
人
关系代词
宾语
whose 人，物 定语
Do you know the man who is talking with your mother? Mr. Smith is the person with whom I am working. The boy (whom) she loved died in the war. I like those books whose topics are about history. The boy whose father works abroad is my desk mate.
She is wearing the same coat as I lost a few days ago. 她正穿着跟我几天前所丢失的上衣同样的上衣。
(暗含：她
所穿的上衣不是我所丢失的那一件 )
考点 3 关系副词引导的定语从句
1、关系副词一览表
时间
when 时间ຫໍສະໝຸດ 关状语I will never forget the day when we met there.