研究生试卷(A)资料全

1、在量子力学中，关于波函数的描述，以下哪项是正确的？A. 波函数直接表示粒子在空间中的位置B. 波函数的平方表示粒子在某处出现的概率密度C. 波函数是可观测量，能直接通过实验测量D. 波函数总是实数（答案：B）2、在电路理论中，关于电阻、电容和电感的串联电路，以下说法哪项是错误的？A. 电阻消耗电能，转化为热能B. 电容储存电场能，对直流电呈现开路状态C. 电感储存磁场能，对直流电呈现短路状态D. 在交流电作用下，三者均不产生相位差（答案：D）3、在材料科学中，关于金属材料的强化机制，以下哪种不是常见的强化方法？A. 固溶强化B. 细晶强化C. 第二相强化D. 温度强化（答案：D）4、在化学反应动力学中，关于反应速率常数的说法，哪项是不正确的？A. 反应速率常数是反应物浓度的函数B. 反应速率常数与温度有关，通常随温度升高而增大C. 反应速率常数反映了反应进行的快慢程度D. 对于同一反应，不同温度下的反应速率常数不同（答案：A）5、在热力学第一定律中，关于内能、功和热量的关系，以下哪项描述是正确的？A. 内能的变化等于吸收的热量与对外做功之和B. 内能的变化等于吸收的热量减去对外做的功C. 内能是系统状态的单值函数，与过程无关D. 做功和热传递是改变内能的唯一方式，且二者效果相同（答案：D）6、在光学中，关于光的干涉现象，以下哪项描述是错误的？A. 干涉是光波叠加时产生的加强或减弱现象B. 只有相干光才能发生干涉C. 干涉条纹的间距与光的波长成正比D. 干涉现象证明了光具有粒子性（答案：D）7、在电磁学中，关于电磁感应现象，以下哪项描述是正确的？A. 变化的电场产生磁场，变化的磁场产生电场B. 恒定的电流在导线周围产生恒定的磁场C. 导体在磁场中运动时，一定会产生感应电流D. 感应电流的磁场总是与原磁场方向相同（答案：A）8、在原子物理中，关于原子核的衰变，以下哪项描述是错误的？A. 衰变是原子核自发地放射出粒子而转变为另一种核的过程B. 衰变过程中，原子核的质量数和电荷数都保持不变C. α衰变是原子核放射出氦核的过程D. β衰变是原子核内的一个中子转变为一个质子和一个电子的过程（答案：B）9、在力学中，关于质点的运动学方程，以下哪项描述是正确的？A. 运动学方程描述了质点的位置随时间的变化规律B. 运动学方程与参考系的选择无关C. 运动学方程只能描述直线运动，不能描述曲线运动D. 运动学方程中，速度和时间是独立的变量，互不影响（答案：A）10、在控制理论中，关于闭环控制系统的描述，以下哪项是错误的？A. 闭环控制系统能够根据输出反馈调节输入，使系统达到稳定状态B. 闭环控制系统具有较强的抗干扰能力C. 闭环控制系统的结构比开环控制系统简单D. 闭环控制系统的输出量能够跟踪输入量的变化（答案：C）。

扬州大学2024年硕士研究生招生考试初试试题（A卷）科目代码448科目名称汉语写作与百科知识满分150分注意：①认真阅读答题纸上的注意事项；②所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在本试题纸或草稿纸上均无效；③本试题纸须随答题纸一起装入试题袋中交回！第一部分：百科知识（共25题，每小题2分，共50分）这部分共25题，每题有四个选项，每题只有一个正确答案。

1.中国与埃及、________、印度共称四大“文明古国”。

[A]希腊[B]罗马[C]巴比伦[D]阿拉伯2.高山族是中国的56个民族之一，主要生活在________。

[A]新疆[B]西藏[C]海南[D]台湾3.“胡音胡骑与胡妆，五十年来竞纷泊”最有可能描绘的是中国的哪个时期？[A]汉初[B]魏晋[C]盛唐[D]元初4.________记录了明末清初的生产新技术，是一部称誉海外的工艺学百科全书。

[A]《农政全书》[B]《天工开物》[C]《册府元龟》[D]《梦溪笔谈》5.下列汉语外来词中来自梵语的是________。

[A]和尚[B]琵琶[C]骆驼[D]苜蓿6.现代汉语普通话有“阴平、阳平、上声、________”四个声调。

[A]下声[B]入声[C]去声[D]出声7.南宋________在《统天历》中将岁实精确到365.2425日，是世界历法史上一项惊人成就。

[A]石申[B]杨忠辅[C]一行和尚[D]祖冲之8.关汉卿、马致远、________、郑光祖等四人被后人称为“元曲四大家”。

[A]白朴[B]王实甫[C]纪君祥[D]杨显之9.中国古代所谓“廿四史”中不包括________。

[A]《后汉书》[B]《北齐书》[C]《金史》[D]《清史》10.英国史学家汤因比认为，全世界只有________的文化体系长期延续发展而从未中断。

[A]希腊[B]英国[C]中国[D]埃及11.短语“孩子脾气”属于________结构。

[A]联合[B]主谓[C]中补[D]偏正12.状态形容词不能受程度副词修饰，不能以“AABB”的形式重叠。

长江大学2008年硕士研究生入学考试试题考试科目：综合英语（A卷）（答案必须写在答题纸上，写在其它地方无效）一．Complete the following:. （10分）1．Some people argue that the death_________does not necessarily reduce the number of murders.A) penaltyB) patternC) plotD) practice2．The most successful post-career athletes are those who can take the identity and life s kills they learned in sports and___________ them to another area of life.A) applyB) utilizeC) employD) exert3．.Many personnel managers say it is getting harder and harder to____________ honest applicants from the growing number of dishonest ones.A) dissolveB) disguiseC) discountD) distinguish4．.Almost all job applicants are determined to leave a good___________on a potential e mployer.A) illusionB) impressionC) reflectionD) reputation5．.Being out of work, Jane can no longer________friends to dinners and movies as she used to .A) treatB) appealC) urgeD) compel6．.Although they lost their jobs, savings and unemployment benefits allow the couple to _______their comfortable home.A) look forward toB) catch up withC) hold on toD) come in for7．With the increasing unemployment rate, workers who are 50 to 60 years old are usually the first to be _________.A) laid asideB) laid upC) laid outD) laid off8．.People's expectations about the future may have more influence on their sense of well-being than their_________state does.A) primitiveB) modernC) currentD) initial9．.___________by the superstars on television, the young athletes trained hard and played intensely.A) ImitatedB) InsuredC) ImposedD) Inspired10. The physical difference between men and women can be _______directly to our basic roles as hunters and child-bearers.A) switchedB) tracedC) pursuedD) followed二．Choose the right word or expression in the brackets to complete each of the following sentences: （10分）1.The poor, sick man is (abused, tormented) by the policeman’s endless interrogation.2.Too much food (induces, tempts) sleepiness.3．She is a (snobbish, proud) person and does not live on charity.4 The incident was so bizarre that even though they saw it with their own eyes, when they relatedit later, they found it hardly (creditable, credible).5．Y ou have to be (reasonable, judicious), how can you expect him to work full time in the factory and at the same time get his M.A. degree in two years’ Time.6．Fred gave his father a special Christmas present—he (milked, nursed) all the cows for him on Christmas morning.7．The teacher said that if we believe that something was true and good we should (hold on, hold on to) it.8．After he won the championship, he was (burdened, loaded) with a lot of honors.9．It is a very monotonous and (tiresome, tiring) job to be on the watch the whole night.10．In 1972, he published his first book (devoted, dedicated) to his respected Professor David Lawrence三．The following sentences all contain some kind of figures of speech. Y ou are to identify them and give an English name. ( 10分)1．Maggie’s brain is like an elephant’s. ( )2．We shall fight him by land, we shall fight him by sea, we shall fight him in the air. ( ) 3. I see also the dull, drilled, docile, brutish masses of the Hun soldiery plodding on like a swarm of crawling locusts. ( )4．The defeated are not hidden away somewhere else on the wrong side of town. ( )5．. Tin Pan Alley has moved to Nashville and Hollywood. ( )6．. The rebellion brought them nostalgic recollections. ( )7．. Ad so, my fellow Americans ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country. ( )8．But for making money, his pen would prove mightier than his pickax. ( )9．America laughed with Mark Twain. （）10．Darrow had whispered throwing a reassuring arm round my shoulder. ( )四．Distinguish the following five pairs of words. （10 分）1．politician statesman2．intelligent clever3．booming flourishing4．preparedness preparations5．destroy demolish五．Rewrite the following sentences in simpler English: (20分)1．But since the country was blind and deaf to everything save the glint and ring of the dollar, there was little remedy for the sensitive mind but to emigrate to Europe where they do things better.2．Y ounger brothers and sisters of the war generation began to imitate the manners of their elders and play with the toys of vulgar rebellion.3．We ought to think ourselves back into the shoes of the Saxon peasant.4．Science is committed to the universal.5. From the discouragement of the mining failures, Mark Twain began digging his way to regional fame as a newspaper reporter and humorist.六．Explain the following: (10分)1．The Sad Y oung Men2．Greenwich V illage七．Reading Comprehension: (30分)Text 1It is plain common sense —the more happiness you feel, the less unhappiness you experience. It’s plain common sense, but it’s not true. Recent research reveals that happiness and unhappiness are not really two sides of the same emotion. They are two distinct feelings that, coexisting, rise and fall independently.Peopl e might think that the higher a person’s level of unhappiness, the lower their level of happiness and vice versa. But when researchers measure people’s average levels of happiness and unhappiness, they often find little relationship between the two.The recognition that feelings of happiness and unhappiness can co-exist much like love and hate in a close relationship may offer valuable clues on how to lead a happier life. It suggests, for example, that changing or avoiding things that make you miserable may well make you lessmiserable, but probably won’t make you any happier. That advice is backed up by an extraordinary series of studies which indicate that a genetic predisposition for unhappiness may run in certain families. On the other hand, researchers have found happiness doesn’t appear to be anyone’s heritage. The capacity for joy is a talent you develop largely for yourself.Psychologists have settled on a working definition of the feeling — happiness is a sense of subjective well-being. They have als o begun to find out who’s happy, who isn’t and why. To date, the research hasn’t found a simple formula for a happy life, but it has discovered some of the actions and attitudes that seem to bring people closer to that most desired of feelings.Why is unhappiness less influenced by environment? When we are happy, we are more responsive to people and keep up connections better than when we are feeling sad. This doesn’t mean, however, that some people are born to be sad and that’s that. Genes may predispose one to unhappiness, but disposition can be influenced by personal choice. You can increase your happiness through your own actions.1. According to the text, it is true that［A］unhappiness is more inherited than affected by environment.［B］happiness and unhappiness are mutually conditional.［C］unhappiness is subject to external more than internal factors.［D］happiness is an uncontrollable subjective feeling.2. The author argues that one can achieve happiness by［A］maintaining it at an average level.［B］escaping miserable occurrences in life.［C］pursuing it with one’s painstaking effort.［D］realizing its coexistence with unhappiness.3. The phrase “To date” (Par.4) can be best replaced by［A］As a result.［B］In addition.［C］At present.［D］Until now.4. What do you think the author believes about happiness and unhappiness?［A］One feels unhappy owing to his miserable origin.［B］They are independent but existing concurrently［C］One feels happy by participating in more activities.［D］They are actions and attitudes taken by human beings.5. The sentence “That’s that” (Par. 5) probably means: Some people are born to be sad［A］and the situation cannot be altered.［B］and happiness remains inaccessible.［C］but they don’t think much about it.［D］but they remain unconscious of it.Text 2It’s possible that while you are at work, you may dream about a month of Sundays, but your boss wishes for a week of Tuesday. That’s because she/he probably knows that productivity is one of the main factors bolstering (supporting) a company’s growth. And a recent poll shows that workers are most productive on Tuesdays! Accountemps, an employment agency, conducted a national survey of office managers, which shows that by the middle of the week, they see a dramatic productivity decrease. While Monday is considered second in “productivity value,” only nine percent of office managers think Wednesday is the peak productivity day. Five percent believe it is Thursday. And Friday, well, you can just imagine! However, forty eight percent of the managers polled said that Tuesday is, by far, the most productive day of the week.A close analysis of workweek rhythms would turn up some obvious reasons for those surveyresults. First of all, Monday is overloaded with meetings, designed to “get things moving,” and everybody knows meetings aren’t very productive. Wednesday is “hump day”—get over it as painlessly as possible, a worker thinks, and the week is more than halfway over. On Thursday, people are running out of steam; and Friday, everybody’s thinking about the weekend. There are reasons why the other days aren’t productive, but what makes Tuesday special? Tuesdays, employees hit peak performance because they are very focused on day-to-day activities. Also, it’s usually the first day of the week when they’re focused on their own task. They are not in meetings that take them away from their primary responsibilities. Actually, Tuesdays can be quite hectic. Workers are arriving at work fairly frantic. And so, in 10 hours, they’re doing 20-hour work. That’s productive, but it’s also tough.This does not mean that nothing happens on the last three days of the workweek. Things do not get so lax that people are sitting with their feet on desks, sipping coffee and talking on the phone all day, but there’s a definite lack of focus. The pace softens and the rhythm slows down. And this is not healthy: it produces fatigue and lowers productivity. To prevent this midweek slowdown, some management consultants suggest that employers avoid jamming so many meetings into Mondays. Work deadlines can be rescheduled to stretch out the work-flow. Variations in productivity are only natural, but both workers and bosses win when the peaks and valleys are less dramatic than they are now.6. According to the poll, which of the following days is most productive?［A］Thursday.［B］Friday.［C］Monday.［D］Wednesday.7. The peak productivity day of the week is marked by［A］violent excitement and activity.［B］due enthusiasm and creativity.［C］hurried and disordered movement.［D］full concentration and efficiency.8. The word “lax” in the last paragraph means［A］usually negligible.［B］lacking in control.［C］totally distractive.［D］worthy of relaxing.9. With respect to the changes in productivity, the text suggests that［A］work deadlines can be readjusted.［B］they are reasonable and expectable.［C］Monday meetings may be called off.［D］their differences are to be minimized.10. The author has explained all of the following EXCEPT［A］the steps taken to alter workweek rhythms.［B］the productivity on the 6th day of the week.［C］the reason why midweek slowdown takes place.［D］the concern bosses have about low productivity.Text 3Violence over civil rights in the 1960s, demands, marches, new sexual freedom, drugs, campus takeovers — these phenomena of the recent past represent drastic social changes. They signify a massive protest, mostly on the part of the young, against a society that fails to cope with its most critical problems. Young people, especially, lay much of the blame on the business system. It’s unresponsive and uncaring, they say.Naturally, businessmen deny this charge. They are proud of what the free enterprise system has do ne. They suspect that many protesters don’t grasp economic realities.Students and businessmen from all over the country jammed together in the lobby of a Washington hotel, waiting to register for “Business Tomorrow”, a three-day conference in which they would talk informally, get to know one another, and learn something about the difference in life-style and philosophy that so sharply divide them.The idea for the conference had originated with a group of students at Princeton University, who had formed an organization called the Foundation for Student Communication. The Foundation’s aim was to “foster better relations between students and businessmen.” These young people think that business should take more initiative and make better use of its resources in order to achieve a closer balance between profit and poverty in this country. The Foundation’s magazine, “Business Today,” is a professional-looking quarterly that goes to over 200,000 students.These Foundation members and other politically moderate students like them are the ones most likely to enter the business world when they graduate, and they are concerned about what their roles might be. They recognize, as business does, a need for the two groups to communicate and to understand each other.Students from over 160 universities were chosen by fellow students and university presidents to attend the meeting. Some were from schools of business, many from liberal arts colleges. This was to make a definite difference in the tone of the conference because, generally, students of humanities tend to emphasize the value of the individual, making them especially critical of conformity in the corporation.11. The severe social disturbance mentioned in the text stemmed from［A］the youths’ resentment at the irresponsibility of the business system.［B］the people’s anger at the gross violation of civil rights in the business world.［C］the masses’ strong objection to the evils caused by the business system.［D］the citizens’ disapproval of the society unable to tac kle its vital problems.12. According to the text, young people hold that［A］the world is full of injustice, poverty and war.［B］people in power ignore the important social problems.［C］decision-makers are ill-informed about the economic realities.［D］businessmen are mostly responsible for the great social unrest.13. As is stated by the author, the businessmen［A］feel doubt about the tr uth of the young people’s criticism.［B］reluctantly admit the evils of the free enterprise system.［C］refuse to make any change in the grounds they hold.［D］laugh off young people’s blame and condemnation.14. The conference “Business Tomorrow” aimed at［A］exchanging views about economic realities.［B］promoting mutual understanding.［C］taking measures to solve critical problems.［D］carrying on an open debate.15. The presence of students at the conference would make a difference in its tone because ［A］their views are revolutionary with respect to the economic realities.［B］they stress the importance of the individual and disapprove conformity.［C］they are familiar with the problems caused by the free enterprise system.［D］their insight into the balance between profit and poverty is remarkable.八．Composition: (50分)T ask One（20分）For this part, you are to write a short essay IN honour of teachers on the occasion of Teacher's Day. You should write at least 200 words following the outline given below:1,向老师表达节日祝贺2,从一件小事来回忆老师的教诲和无私的奉献3,我如何回报老师的关爱Teacher's DayT ask T wo（30分）For this part, you are to write a short essay The Importance of Reading Classics. You should write at least 300 words following the outline given below:1、阅读经典著作对人的成长至关重要2、现在人们越来越少阅读经典著作，原因是……3、作为大学生，你应该怎么做The Importance of Reading Classics考试科目：综合英语A卷第11页（共11页）。

2013级研究⽣期末考试英语试卷A-副本河北联合⼤学2013级研究⽣期末考试英语试卷(A)年级：专业：姓名__________ 分数__________Part I Vocabulary (30%)Directions: There are thirty questions in this section. Each question is a sentence with something missing. Below each sentence are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Write the correct answers on your Answer Sheet.1.Theodore Roosevelt was a ____ man; he was successful as a statesman, soldier, sportsman,explorer, and author.A. ableB. capableC. skillfulD. versatile2. The small town has ____ many changes during last 10 years.A. undergoneB. developedC. involvedD. undertaken3. The old farmer ____ his wife, living until 105 years of age.A. passedB. survivedC. lastedD. endured4. Poor eyesight is a ____ to many students.A. preventionB. backwardnessC. handicapD. shortcoming5. The wheat crop will be ____ without strong spring rains.A. decimatedB. spoiltC. decayedD. delayed6. The various parts of the essays do not adequately ____.A. dependB. interrelateC. relateD. cooperate7. Hot weather ____ the bacteria in the milk rapidly.A. reducesB. decreasesC. multipliesD. enhances8. If something very substantial is not done next month, he cannot ____ his office.A. retainB. haveC. obtainD. secure9. We sent him an invitation but he ____.A. refrainedB. declinedC. rejectedD. denied10. The lifeguard pulled the ____ body out of the pool.A. diedB. dyingC. inanimateD. weak11. If you are to be accepted as a member of the club you must ____ by its rules.A. agreeB. abideC. confirmD. conform12. ____ you dislike ancient monuments, Warrick Castle is worth a visit.A. SinceB. EvenC. IfD. Even if13. The cities were to be ____ and the population distributed in villages.A. deflatedB. reducedC. decayedD. defined14. He gave a ____ account of what has happened.A. discomfortedB. distortedC. dismissedD. discovered15. His speech ____ trouble among the workers.A. firmedB. ferriedC. fermentedD. festered16. The criminal was told he would be ____ from punishment if he said what he knew about the murder.A. impossibleB. immuneC. improbableD. imminent17. If you ___ the elastic band any more, it will break.A. takeB. graspC. strainD. hold18. The Egyptians ____ an area equal to France and Spain combined.A. inhabitB. liveC. dwellD. settle19. He is ____ considered to be a great explorer.A. after allB. everything butC. by no meansD. all but20. It was a long time before scientists could ____ the mystery of the atom.A. penetrateB. pierceC. permeateD. pervade21. The speaker was a long way ____.A. on the trackB. in the trackC. of the trackD. off the track22. The new government tried to ____ the growing discontent of the people.A. refuseB. defuseC. declineD. deduce23. The catch is how to grow rice in a dry area.A. puzzlingB. confusionC. catchD. catching24. They were surprised to see the efficiency of the ____ military machine of that country.A. well-oiledB. well arrangedC. well paidD. well equipped25. He was ____ to learn that he had been left out of the basketball team.A. informedB. upsetC. surprisingD. aware26. It is fortunate when a young man?s career goals ____ with what his parents wish for him.A. occurB. happenC. coincideD. take place27. If the body is robbed this way for too long, vital organs ____.A. break downB. break outC. break awayD. break in28. If your car ____ on a turnpike, wait for assistance.A. rattlesB. is wrongC. worn offD. conks out29. My pencil is ____ to a stump.A. wornB. worn downC. worn offD. worn out30. The waterfall has ____ a hole in the stone.A. worn downB. worn outC. wornD. pierced throughPart II Reading Comprehension (40%)Passage 1“My advisor wants me to call him by his first name,” many foreign graduate students in the U.S. have said. “I just can?t do it! It doesn?t seem right. I have to show my respect.”On the other hand, professors have said of foreign students, “They keep bowing and saying …yes, sir, yes, sir.? I can hardly stand it! I wish they?d stop being so polite and just say what they have on their minds.”Differing ideas about formality and respect frequently complicate relationships between American professors and students from abroad, especially Asian students ( and most especially female Asian students).The professors generally prefer informal relationships (sometimes, but not always, including use of first names rather than of titles and family names) and a little acknowledgement of status differences. Many foreign students are used to more formal relationships and sometimes have difficulty bringing themselves to speak to their teachers at all, let alone address them by their given names.The characteristics of student-teacher relationships on American campuses vary somewhat , depending on whether the students involved are undergraduate or graduate students, and depending on the size and nature of the school. Graduate students typically have more intense relationships with their professors than undergraduates do; at smaller schools student-teacher relationships are typically even less formal than they are at larger schools.To say that student-teacher relationships are informal is not to say that there are no recognized status differences between the two groups. There are .But students may show their respect mainly in the vocabulary and tone of voice they use when speaking to teachers. Much of their behavior around teachers may seem to foreign students to be disrespectful. Americanstudents will eat in class, read newspapers, and assume quite informal postures. Teachers might not enjoy such behavior, but they tolerate it. Students, after all, are individuals who have the right to decide for themselves how they are going to act.31. American professors think it ______ to be addressed by their given names.A) acceptable B)disrespectful C) formal D) strange32. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?A) Many foreign students keep informal relationships with their teachers.B) Many foreign students are straightforward with their teachers.C) Many foreign students prefer to be treated differently by their teachers.D) Many foreign students? politeness makes their American professors uncomfortable.33. In the U.S., more formal relationships are typically expected between ____________.A) professors teaching graduate studentsB) graduate students at smaller universitiesC) professors and their students of scienceD) graduate students and their professors at big universities34. The term “status differences” in this passage refers to the fact that___________A) students have different age groupsB) students have different levels of performanceC) teachers are in a higher position of respectD) teachers should change their methods with different students35. American students behave as they please in class because their teachers ___________A) prefer to regard them as their friendsB) hope to make sure they are not nervousC) believe that they should be allowed to do what they likeD) concentrate more on teaching than anything elsePassage 2You and your husband/wife share many of the same points of view and basic values, but you find yourselves continually getting into arguments about significant matters.What's the problem? Is there something wrong with your partner, or the relationship?Before you blame yourself, you should be aware that these arguments may simply be caused by differences in your conversational style, or in how you approach a conversation. According to Deborah Tannen, author of the best-selling book You Just Don't Understand, men and women view the world differently, and as a result, they speak and hear things differently."A man sees the world," says Tannen, "as a hierarchical (分等级的) social order in which he's either one up or one down. In this world," she explains, "conversations are negotiations in which people try to achieve and maintain the upper hand if they can, and protect themselves from others' attempts to put them down and push them around."Women, on the other hand, view the world as a network of connections. "In this world," notes Tannen, "conversations are negotiations for closeness in which people try to seek and give confirmation and support. They try to protect themselves from others' attempts to push them away."“These different perspectives are established in childhood. Boys and girls grow up in different …worlds of words?,” Explains Tannen. “They?re talked to differently and take different conversational styles as a result.” These different conversationalstyles continue throughout our adult lives and can lead to a lot of misunderstandings.“Learning about these differences won?t make them go away,”says Tannen. But it can help men and women accept them and understand that each style is valid. It can also help men and women stop blaming themselves and each other when misunderstandings occur, and understand that what seems like bad intentions may actually be good intentions expressed ina different conversational style.36. This passage is written to make the point that ________.A) men and women share the same basic valuesB) men should be blamed for most of the arguments at homeC) appropriate conversational styles are difficult to learnD) different conversational styles may result in misunderstandings37. Judging from Deborah Tannen?s words, it seems that_______.A) men tend to compete with others more than womenB) men are more easygoing than womenC) women tend to live in a world of their ownD) women are more easily hurt than men38. It can be concluded from the passage that a conversational style is formed if one______.A) lives in a particular environment for a long timeB) argues with other people frequentlyC) spends time learning a particular style by painstaking effortsD) tries hard to avoid misunderstandings39. Knowing the differences in conversational styles can help people_________.A) avoid mistakes in their conversationsB) understand each other betterC) tolerate other people?s faultsD) talk more clearly and effectively40. So far as conversational styles are concerned, in the writer?s opinion, ________.A) women?s style is better B) men?s style is betterC) neither is better than the other D) children have the best style because they have none Passage 3Elizabeth's father died when she was nine. Her family was large, and very poor. She struggled for self esteem, but it was difficult when her clothes weren't as nice as the other kids and her new school was still unfamiliar.During a math lesson, Elizabeth stared at the chalkboard and was struggling to understand a concept. With every stroke of the chalk, she became more confused. She had suffered from chronic ear infections (感染), and had missed many days of her fifth grade year. When she finally got the courage to raise her little hand and ask Mr. Thompson how the problem was done, he became very angry. He marched her up in front of the class and told this insecure child that she was "incapable of learning and extremely stupid."This remark plagued (使......困扰）Elizabeth for years.Elizabeth drifted into marriage. After discovering her husband's long time infidelity (不忠），she found herself divorced with three young daughters. She moved back to her home state and tried to pick up the pieces she had left behind.Knowing that she would be the sole support of these children, and having no desire toremarry, Elizabeth started college. Like most good mothers, she wanted the best for her children. She didn't want to deprive them of their mother. She would rise early and stay up late to get every spare minute she could to study.When she received her first "A" she was confused. She thought there must be some mistake. This was Elizabeth, Elizabeth the stupid. When her good grades piled up, she realized for the first time that maybe Mr. Thompson was wrong. She graduated from Brigham Young University, and will soon be receiving her master's degree at California State University in San Bernardino.41. The reason why Elizabeth stared at the chalkboard was that________.A) she had ear infections and could not hear very wellB) she was still overwhelmed by the death of her fatherC) too much homework had made her tired and sickD) what the teacher wrote was beyond her understanding42. Mr. Thompson can be best described as a teacher who was________.A) dull and stupid B) impatient and cruelC) strict with his students D) incapable of making himself understood43. We can learn from the passage that Elizabeth started college because she__________.A) was not a very responsible motherB) needed to be able to support her childrenC) knew she could achieve great success in collegeD) wanted her children to have an educated mother44. Why was Elizabeth confused when she got her first "A"?A) Because she believed that it was a mistake.B) Because she had not studied hard enough.C) Because she felt hurt by other people's comments.D) Because she did not trust her teacher.45. Elizabeth's case shows that_________.A) people can overcome a negative self-image through hard workB) a student can achieve great success even though he or she is stupidC) people who suffer a lot are more likely to work hard and succeed in the end.D) poor children can also receive the best education and rise high in lifePassage 4Keeping out of trouble in marriage by staying quiet is an excellent piece of advice. For example, don't say to your wife, "You forgot to salt the food." You can quietly salt it yourself, as you will not be gaining anything by criticizing your wife. Don't say, "You are always going to your parents, instead of being at home." Instead, if it bothers you, do something interesting with your wife, so that she will want to stay at home.A wife can also cause damage by saying things thoughtlessly. For example, if she says,"Can you stop reading the newspaper and speak to me?" it hurts her husband. Instead, she can get his attention by showing him some affection or telling him something that will interest him. Saying to her husband, "Why do you always leave such a mess after yourself?" only breeds resentment (怨恨) and makes matters worse. Instead of that, she can say, "It would be so great if you would help me by organizing your stuff after you finish." If he has a habit that he cannot change, it is better not to mention it at all, but to learn to live with it, since every word will only aggravate (加剧) the problem more.Most arguments in marriage occur when one spouse expresses a negative opinion of the other. Do not forget that anything you say is well-remembered by your spouse and can cause great damage to your marriage. It is not possible to take back the sting of hurtful words once they have been said; therefore it is much wiser not to say them in the first place.It is always right to praise your spouse. Try to find something nice to say every day. Such words strengthen the bond between a couple, since they show that you care for one another.Saying the right words to your spouse is very important. You very seldom go wrong if you think carefully before you speak.46. In order to keep out of trouble in marriage, one should______.A) point out any mistake one's spouse has madeB) avoid using hurtful wordsC) salt the food oneselfD) stay at home most of the time47.To stop his wife from going to her parents too frequently, the best thing a husband can do is______.A) try to do more housework B) never say anything wrongC) talk to her parents D) do something interesting with her48. To avoid conflict with her husband, it is suggested that the wife_____.A) learn to live with her husband's bad habitB) help her husband in his workC) live away from home for a short whileD) discuss everything with her husband49. The reason why one should not express a negative opinion of his or her spouse is that_____.A) it is very often ignored B) it is actually quite uselessC) nobody can tolerate a negative opinion from othersD) anything that has been said can not be taken back50. To strengthen the bond between a couple, both the husband and the wife should_____.A) praise rather than criticize each otherB) tell frankly what they think of each otherC) find time to talk to each other as often as possibleD) do everything possible to please each otherPart III Cloze (15%)Choose a proper word from the list to fill in each blank in the following passage. Change the form of the word if necessary. before depict than not respect marvel at when from used suffer announce as beneath enjoy nearly so longLate next century, when scholars are scripting the definitive history of the PC, these last few years of high-octane growth may actually ___51___ as the Dark Ages. Historians will ___52___ how we toiled in front of monolithic, beige BUBs (big ugly boxes), ___53___ under the oppressive glare of cathode-ray tubes while our legs scraped against the 30-pound towers___54___ our desks.They may also mark 1999 ___55___ the start of the PC renaissance, ___56___ manufacturers finally started to get it; design matters. This holiday season, computer shoppers will ___57___ unprecedented variety in shapes, sizes and colors ------ and not just in Apple?s groundbreaking line of translucent iMascs and iBooks. ___58___ every major PC maker now has innovative desktop designs on the way to market, ___59___ hourglass-sculpted towers to flat-panel displays with all the processing innards packed into the base. Among industrial designers, who still think the PC has a long way ___60___ you?llwant to display it on your mantle, the only question is, what took ___61___? “The PC industry has ridiculed design for a long time,” says Hartmut Esslinger, founder of Frog Design. “They ___62___ their customers and have underestimated their desires.”PC makers are finally catching on ------ and it?s partly out of desperation. Manufacturers ___63___ used to sell computers by trumpeting their techno bells and whistles, like processor speed and memory. But since ever-faster chips have given us more power on the desktop ___64___ we could ever possibly use, computer makers have been competing on price ------ a strategy that has dropped most units below $1,000 and slashed profits. Last week IBM limped from the battlefield, ___65___ it would pull its lagging Aptiva line from store shelves and sell only on the Web. Competing only on price “made an industry shakeout inevitable”, says Nick Donatiello, president of the marketing-research firm Odyssey.Part IV Writing (15%)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition of no less than 150 words according to the following situation:With the development of computer technology, translation of language by machines is highly developed in our current society therefore, some people think it is not necessary for students to learn a foreign language. To what extent do you agree or disagree with the opinion? Give your reasons.。

Part II Reading Comprehension (40 points)Directions：There are 4 passages in this part．Each passage is followed by 5 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 choices marked A,B,C and D．Choose the bestone and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet．Passage 1It is hard to predict how science is going to turn out, and if it is really good science it is impossible to predict. If the things to be found are actually new, they are by definition unknown in advance. You cannot make choices in this matter. You either have science or you don't, and if you have it you are obliged to accept the surprising and disturbing pieces of information, along with the neat and promptly useful bits.The only solid piece of scientific truth about which I feel totally confident is that we are profoundly ignorant about nature. Indeed, I regard this as the major discovery of the past hundred years of biology. It is, in its way, an illuminating piece of news. It would have amazed the brightest minds of the 18th century Enlightenment to be told by any of us how little we know and how bewildering seems the way ahead. It is this sudden confrontation with the depth and scope of ignorance that represents the most significant contribution of the 20th century science to the human intellect. In earlier times, we either pretended to understand how things worked or ignored the problem, or simply made up stories to fill the gaps. Now that we have begun exploring in earnest, we are getting glimpses of how huge the questions are, and how far from being answered. Because of this, we are depressed. It is not so bad being ignorant if you are totally ignorant; the hard thing is knowing in some detail the reality of ignorance, the worst spots and here and there the not-so-bad spots, but no true light at the end of the tunnel nor even any tunnels that can yet be trusted.But we are making a beginning, and there ought to be some satisfaction. There are probably no questions we can think up that can't be answered, sooner or later, including even the matter of consciousness. To be sure, there may well be questions we can't think up, ever, and therefore limits to the reach of human intellect, but that is another matter. Within our limits, we should be able to work our way through to all our answers, if we keep at it long enough, and pay attention.21. According to the author, really good science_______________________ .A. would surprise the brightest minds of the 18th century EnlightenmentB. will produce results which cannot be foreseenC. will help people to make the right choice in advanceD. will bring about disturbing results22. It can be inferred from the passage that scientists of the 18th century_________ .A. thought that they knew a great deal and could solve most problems of scienceB. were afraid of facing up to the realities of scientific researchC. knew that they were ignorant and wanted to know more about natureD. did more harm than good in promoting man's understanding of nature23. Which of the following statements is NOT true of scientists in earlier times?A. They invented false theories to explain things they didn't understand.B. They falsely claimed to know all about nature.C. They did not believe in results from scientific observation.D. They paid little attention to the problems they didn't understand.24. What is the author's attitude towards science?A. He is depressed because of the ignorance of scientists.B. He is doubtful because of the enormous difficulties confronting it.C. He is confident though he is aware of the enormous difficulties confronting it.D. He is delighted because of the illuminating scientific findings.25. The author believes that___________________________ .A. man can find solutions to whatever questions concerning nature he can think upB. man cannot solve all the problems he can think up because of the limits of human intellectC. sooner or later man can think up all the questions concerning nature and answer themD. questions concerning consciousness are outside the scope of scientific researchPassage 2For most of thinkers since the Greek philosophers, it was self-evident that there is something called human nature, something that constitutes the essence of man. There were various views about what constitutes it, but there was agreement thatsuch an essence exists --- that is to say, that there is something by virtue of which man is man. Thus man was defined as a rational being, as a social animal, an animal that can make tools, or a symbol-making animal.More recently, this traditional view has begun to be questioned. One reason for this change was the increasing emphasis given to the historical approach to man. An examination of the history of humanity suggested that man in our epoch is so different from man in previous times that it seemed unrealistic to assume that men in every age have had in common something that can be called “human nature.” The historical approach was reinforced, particularly in the United States, by studies i n the field of cultural anthropology. The study of primitive peoples has discovered such a diversity of customs, values, feelings, and thoughts that many anthropologists arrived at the concept that man is born as a blank sheet of paper on which each culture writes its text. Another factor contributing to the tendency to deny the assumption of a fixed human nature was that the concept has so often been abused as a shield behind which the most inhuman acts are committed. In the name of human nature, for example, Aristotle and most thinkers up to the eighteenth century defended slavery. Or in order to prove the rationality and necessity of the capitalist form of society, scholars have tried to make a case for acquisitiveness, competitiveness, and selfishness as innate human traits. Popularly, one refers cynically to “human nature” in accepting the inevitability of such undesirable human behaviors as greed, murder, cheating and lying.Another reason for skepticism about the concept of human nature probably lies in the influence of evolutionary thinking. Once man came to be seen as developing in the process of evolution, the idea of a substance which is contained in his essence seemed untenable. Yet I believe it is precisely from an evolutionary standpoint that we can expect new insight into the problem of the nature of man.26. According to the passage, we know the concept of “human nature” is _______.A. defined as the essence of man who can make tools and symbolsB. rather controversial between historians and anthropologistsC. ever denied by ancient thinkers a shield behind evil human behaviorsD. questioned by many scholars including evolutionists27. As is mentioned in the passage, human beings are supposed by anthropologists to ____________.A. have some thing in common as “human nature”B. be born with no feelings and thoughtsC. come to the world empty-handedD. be brought to the world in a blank sheet of paper28. The author mentioned the ancient and great thinker Aristotle in the passage to _________.A. reveal that he ever took advantage of the concept of “human nature”.B. show that he contributed a lot to the concept of “human nature”C. support that it is inevitable for human beings to have innate human traitsD. imply that ancient thinkers are not wise enough as the modern scholars29. The concept of “human nature” in the passage is said to be __________.A. something not shared by human beings according to the ancient scholarsB. something not born with human beings but acquired, as Aristotle thoughtC. the essence of human beings as rational beings and social animalsD. something as a blank sheet for people to write cultures on30. The word “ untenable” in the last paragraph of the passage could most probably mean _________.A. incredibleB. assailableC. changeableD. imaginablePassage 3Many of the most damaging and life-threatening types of weather——torrential rains, severe thunderstorm, and tornadoes——begin quickly, strike suddenly, and dissipate rapidly, devastating small regions while leaving neighboring areas untouched. One such event, a tornado, struck the northeastern section of Edmonton, Alberta, in July 1987. Total damages from the tornado exceeded $ 250 million, the highest ever for any Canadian storm. Conventional computer models of the atmosphere have limited value in predicting short-lived local storms like the Edmonton tornado, because the available weather data are generally not detailed enough to allow computers to discern the subtle atmospheric changes that precede these storms. In most nations, for example, weather-balloon observations are taken just once every twelve hours at locations typically separated by hundreds of miles. With such limited data, conventional forecasting models do a much better job predicting general weather conditions over large regions than they do forecasting specific local events. Until recently, the observation——intensive approach needed for accurate, very short-range forecasts, or “Nowcast", was not feasible. The cost of equipping and operatingmany thousands of conventional weather stations was prohibitively high, and the difficulties involved in rapidly collecting and processing the raw weather data from such a network were insurmountable. Fortunately, scientific and technological advances have overcome most of these problems. Radar systems, automated weather instruments, and satellites are all capable of making detailed, nearly continuous observations over large regions at a relatively low cost. Communications satellites can transmit data around the world cheaply and instantaneously, and modern computers can quickly compile and analyze this large volume of weather information. Meteorologists and computer scientists now work together to design computer programs and video equipment capable of transforming raw weather data into words, symbols, and vivid graphic displays that forecasters can interpret easily and quickly. As meteorologists have begun using these new technologies in weather forecasting offices, Nowcasting is becoming a reality.31. The author mentions the tornado in Edmonton, Canada, in order to___________ .A. indicate that tornadoes are common in the summerB. give an example of a damaging stormC. explain different types of weatherD. show that tornadoes occur frequently in Canada32. All the following are mentioned as an advance in short-range weather forecasting EXCEPT_________________.A. weather balloonsB. radar systemsC. automated instrumentsD. satellites33. With Nowcasting, it first became possible to provide information about________.A. short-lived local stormsB. radar networksC. long-range weather forecastsD. general weather conditions34. With which of the following statements is the author most likely to agree?A. Communications satellites can predict severe weather.B. Meteorologists should standardize computer programs.C. The observation-intensive approach is no longer useful.D. Weather predictions are becoming more accurate.35. Nowcasting would be best illustrated by________________________ .A. a five-day forecastB. a warning about a severe thunder-storm on the radioC. the average rainfall for each monthD. a list of temperatures in major citiesPassage 4Failure is probably the most fatiguing experience a person ever has．There is nothing more exhausting than not succeeding，being blocked，not moving ahead．It is an evil circle．Failure breeds fatigue，and fatigue makes it harder to get to work，which adds to the fatigue．We experience this tiredness in two main ways，as start-up fatigue and performance fatigue．In the former case，we keep putting off a task that we are forced to take up．Either because it is too tedious or because it is too difficult，we avoid it．And the longer we postpone it，the more tired we feel．Such start-up fatigue is very real，even not actually physical，not something in our muscles and bones．The remedy is obvious，though perhaps not easy to apply：willpower exercise．The moment I find myself turning away from a job，or putting it under a pile of things I have to do，I clear my desk of everything else and attach the objectionable item first．To prevent start-up fatigue，always treat the most difficult job first．Performance fatigue is more difficult to handle．Here we are willing to get started，but we can't seem to do the job right．Its difficulties appear to be insurmountable and however hard we work，we fail again and again．The mounting experience of failure carries with it an ever-increasing burden of mental fatigue．In such a situation，I work as hard as I can，then let the unconscious take over．36. Which of the following can be called an evil circle？A. Success-zeal-success-zeal．B. Failure-tiredness-failure-tiredness．C. Failure-zeal-failure-tiredness．D. Success-exhaustion-success-exhaustion．37. According to the passage，when keeping putting off a task，we can experience ________．A .tiredness B. performance fatigue C. start-up fatigue D. unconsciousness38. To overcome start-up fatigue，we need ________ ．A. toughnessB. preventionC. musclesD. strong willpower39. The word“insurmountable”in the last paragraph probably means ________ ．A. that can not be solvedB. that can not be understoodC. that can not be imaginedD. that can not be objected40. According to the passage，which of the following statements is NOT true？A. It is easier to overcome start-up fatigue．B. Performance fatigue occurs when the job we are willing to take gets blocked．C. One will finally succeed after experiencing the evil circle．D. Fatigue often accompanies fatigue．Part III Vocabulary and Structure (15 points)Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.41. The lady in this strange tale very obviously suffers from a serious mental illness. Her plot against a completely innocent oldman is a clear sign of________.A. impulseB. insanityC. inspirationD. disposition42. The Prime Minister was followed by five or six ______when he got off the plane.A. laymenB. servantsC. directorsD. attendants43. There is no doubt that the ________ of these goods to the others is easy to see.A. prestigeB. superiorityC. priorityD. publicity44. All the guests were invited to attend the wedding _____ and had a very good time.A. feastB. congratulationsC. festivalD. recreation45. The price of the coal will vary according to how far it has to be transported and how expensive the freight _______ are.A. paymentsB. chargesC. fundsD. prices46. The manager gave her his ________ that her complaint would be investigated.A. assuranceB. assumptionC. sanctionD. insurance47. Although the model looks good on the surface, it will not bear close________.A. temperamentB. contaminationC. scrutinyD. symmetry48. We are doing this work in the _________ of reforms in the economic, social and cultural spheres.A. contextB. contestC. pretextD. texture49. While a full understanding of what causes the disease may be several years away, ________ leading to a successfultreatment could come much sooner.A. a distinctionB. a breakthroughC. an identificationD. an interpretation50. Doctors are often caught in a _________ because they have to decide whether they should tell their patients the truth or not.A. puzzleB. perplexityC. dilemmaD. bewilderment51. For years Blair family _____ the hope of a trip abroad, and it was not realized until recently when they came to China.A. nourishedB. nurturedC. prosperedD. maintained52. By 2010, production in the area is expected to double _____ of 2009.A. thatB. itC. oneD. what53. Please do not be _______ by his offensive remarks since he is merely trying to attract attention.A. distractedB. disregardedC. irritatedD. intervened54. Large price increases could ____ demands for even larger wage increases.A. tripleB. triggerC. attribute toD. inject55. Though you are not well-paid now, it is a ____ job and will bring you great profits in the long run.A. promisingB. predictableC. encouragingD. inspiring56. The crew were given a few instructions by the lieutenant about_______ conduct while on shore leave.A. theirB. themC. itsD. his57. He finally ___ the benefit of all his years if hard work--- he was admittedly by Harvard University.A. rapedB. reapedC. raidedD. receded58. It’s annoying that the chimneys of those plants in the city ____ a lot of smoke every day.A. projectB. sprayC. ejectD. deject59. Sliding doors and windows move in ____ so that they go in the right tracks.A. channelsB. routingC. sinkD. groove60. Street fighting has _____ in those big cities and has greatly influenced the stability of the country.A. flared upB. broke throughC. erupted outD. embarked on61. Seeing the General coming this way, the soldiers stopped and gave him a smart ____.A. toastB. saluteC. tributeD. solution62. Depression is often caused by the _______ effects of stress and overwork.A. totalB. increasedC. terrificD. cumulative63. The population in Hong Kong is _______ Chinese.A. popularlyB. commonlyC. predominantlyD. regularly64. Did you get any ____ when you are dismissed from your job?A. fundB. loanC. bonusD. compensation65. The ______ runner can run 2 miles in fifteen minutes.A. commonB. usualC. averageD. general66. The broken lock ____ my entrance into the empty house.A. spedB. upgradedC. facilitatedD. escalated67. She drives with ____, and we all feel comfortable and safe in her car.A. competitionB. competenceC. qualificationD. efficiency68. I don’t know why you waste your time on such ____; you should use it on more important thing.A. eventsB. accidentsC. issuesD. trifles69. They started a newspaper and began to ____ their revolutionary ideas.A. propagateB. generateC. aggregateD. advertise70. It ’s pay-day, and they ’re waiting__________.A. for payingB. to be paidC. to be payingD. to have paidGeneral English Qualifying Testfor Non-English Major Graduate Students 2008（A 卷）Paper Two注意事项：1. 请考生按要求在试卷装订线内填写姓名、学号和年级专业。

2016年6月研究生英语学位课统考题及答案（试卷A）2016年学位课统考真题(A卷)Paper OnePart I Listening Comprehension (25 minutes, 20 points) Section A ( 1 point each)1. A Beauty has advantages and disadvantages.B. Beauty has different meanings to different people.C. Beauty brings attention and opportunities.D. Beauty comes from action and good qualities.2. A. She is using the book now.B. She may give him a hand.C. She can‘t lend him the book.D. She will keep the book for him.3. A Rachel lives fairly close to her.B Rachel visits her quite often.C Rachel comes here once a month.D Rachel rarely gets to see her.4. A She forgot about the time change.B She didn‘t receive the text messageC Her roommate forgot to give her the message.D Her roommate was too nervous to tell her.5. A He should have got better grades.B The test was based on lecture material.C She misplaced her textbook.D Small luck plays a big role.6. A On the 16th of June.B. On the 18th of June.C On the 9th of June.D On the 8th of June.7. A. Go to sleep.B. Watch the movie later.C Change the channel.D Set the alarm clock.8. A Wear a formal suit.B Wear casual clothes.C Dress up for the party.D Dress in a costume.9. A. She likes to drink coffee.B She rarely wakes up early.C She needs tea to feel alert.D She always skips breakfast.Section BMini-talk One10. A Southern Europe.B United Arab EmiratesC. North Africa.D. The United States.11. A The wings B The tail C The windowsD The engines12. A To change the airplane industryB To make a trip in a tiny plane.C. To overcome weather issues.D To prove the power of new energy sources. Mini-talk Two13. A Feeling sleepy at work.B Feeling sad or depressedC Feeling unable to think clearly.D Feeling tired in the morning.14. A Time zone change.B An extra hour of sleepC Travel by air far distancesD Unmatched work schedule and lifestyle15. A Nighttime work is hard on some of the workers.B Early risers have litter improvement in wellbeing.C A better rest can benefit employers financially.D Workers report the same level of improvement.Section C16. Choose clothing that fits the employer‘s ______(2 words) and keep yourself clean and tidy.17. Leave your house in _____(3 words) to arrive at least 15 minutes early for your interview.18. Firmly ____(2 words) , right hand only, even if you‘re left-handed.19. If the interviewer seems distracted, lighten the atmosphere by telling an ____(3 words) story about your qualifications.20. If you don‘t understand a question orstatement, ask the interviewer to ____(3 words) it.Part II. V ocabulary ( 10 minutes, 10 points) Section A (0.5 points)21. Digital technology can be used to alleviate the harmful side effects brought about by farming.A intensifyB reduceC triggerD convert22. It is believed that any improvement in water efficiency would be of considerable benefit .A enormousB marginalC potentialD beneficial23. Materials science is rapidly transformingthe way that everything from cars to light bulbs is made.A enhancingB multiplyingC alteringD pursuing24. The economy of the United States is probably the envy of the world, and its armedforces are unrivalled.A unmatchedB ungrounded D undefined D unpurified25. The central government of China has set about boosting the consumption of greener energy.A discardedB demandedC cancelledD initiated26. Her voice had a peculiarly engaging quality; it was deep,a little husky, and one always heard the breath vibrating behind it.A appealingB disgustingC emergingD painstaking27. Purchase of a second-hand house is a difficult problem that requires careful assessment.A predictionB evaluationC elaborationD assimilation28. A number of ingenious techniques are employed to make the workmanship more delicate.A recruitedB hiredC adopted Dcreated29. The business will show a profit in September provided that sales remain steady all summer.A as soon asB on condition thatC in order thatD by the time30. The miners who had been stuck underground for days were taken to a hospital right away.A for the time beingB behindthe timesC at timesD in no timeSection B (0.5 point each)31. Some infectious diseases, such as AIDS, take a heavy___on human immunity.A impactB lossC tollD casualty32. Because of poor grammar, some sentences in research papers by Chinese students seem ___to the reviewers.A incomprehensibleB inedibleC inestimableD irreplaceable33. Almost each college student is equippedwith a cell phone, laptop and other electronic ____A galaxiesB ornamentsC utensilsD gadgets34. Running for president is ____ demanding , emotionally draining, and physically taxing.A incoherentlyB intellectuallyC intimatelyD invalidly35. The common pattern of human influence on tropical rainforest is a ____ of the habitat into smaller patches.36. State leaders of each generation have to think about how to ___complicated economic issues.A adoreB assembleC addressD alienate37. In 2008, Sarkozy threatened to boycott the Olympic Games in Beijing, ___kowtow shortly afterwards by promising never to interfere with China‘s affairs.A only toB so as toC as toD prior to38. New methods of irrigation can reducewater consumption by roughly 30%____conventional systems.A but forB compared withC related toD other than39. As long as you are pursuing your dream, your efforts will eventually ____.A wear offB pay offC ward offD turn off40. The younger you begin ____, the easier it is to remain physically active throughout your life.A setting outB figuring outC running outD working outPart III Cloze Test ( 10 minutes, 10 points, 1 point each)A college education is completely necessary for each of us, but we have to ask what it –41—to get into college? High school grades and standardized tests are still the most common measurements. –42—this information is often considered alongsideother sources of information, other indicators of college potential are typically not considered if high school grades and standardized test score s don‘t reach a certain –43---.Even though standardized test scores do predict –44—performance and job performance, relying so heavily on thesescores is problematic –45—a number of reasons. For one, studies have found that the SAT is a better predictor of college performance for white students. –46—reason is that other key skills are neglected that contribute to life success, defined more –47—than merely the capacity for academic learning, including active learning –48--, natural motivation, social-emotional intelligence, imagination and creativity. Creativity and imagination are particularly important skills in this century, --49—how quickly this world is changing. This world needs people who are not only quick learners,but also reflective learners as well as –50--- of new knowledge.41.A.means B takes C seems D likes42.A. But B However C While D Yet43.A.standard B destination C aspect D perspective44.A physical B artistic C mechanical D academic45.A because of B due to C for D owing to46.A The second B A second C Second D The other47.A broadly B narrowly C usually D strictly48.A outcomes B advantages C qualifications D strategies49.A concerning B regarding C considering D involving50.A applicants B creators C witnesses D successorsApply, application, applicantSucceed, successive, succeeding , successorsContinual , continuous80 Years has witnessed the ups and downs of ……Standard, level, criteriaWater table, water levelHigh level, low levelDesign criteriaStandard for designPart IV Reading Comprehension (45 minutes, 30 points, 1 point each)Passage OneA year ago, my boss announced that our large New York ad agency would be moving to an open office. After nine years as a senior。

2022研究生考试《心理学》考前检测试卷A卷含答案2022 研究生考试《心理学》考前检测试卷A 卷含答案考试须知：1、考试时间：150 分钟，本卷满分为 100 分。

2、请首先按要求在试卷的指定位置填写您的姓名、准考证号等信息。

3、请仔细阅读各种题目的回答要求，在密封线内答题，否则不予评分。

姓名：考号：一、填空题(共 10 小题，每题 2 分，共 20 分)1、有意后注意是在基础上产生并与目的任务相联系，但又不需要的注意。

2、性格的形成和发展是因素和因素相互作用的结果。

3、人的心理现象极其复杂，概括来说它主要包括既有联系有区别的和两大部分。

4、气质是个体心理活动的的特征。

5、同一时间内能够清楚把握的注意对象的数量即注意的，又称注意的。

6、情景记忆是个人以亲身经历的、发生在一定和的事件(情景)为内容的记忆。

7、根据动机的起源，可以把动机分为动机和动机。

8、个性心理特征主要包括气质、和。

9、情绪和情感是人对客观事物是否符合人的而产生的。

10、表情动作是情绪的外部表现形式，主要有、和言语表情。

二、选择题(共 20 小题，每题 1 分，共 20 分)1、实验表明，学习材料的中间部分记忆效果较差，原因是受到( )影响。

A.前摄抑制B.倒摄抑制C.干扰抑制D.双重抑制2、三个和尚没水吃的现象是( )第 1 页共 10 页D.人际关系20、开卷考试的记忆活动是( ) A.识记B.保持C.回忆D.再认三、名词解释(共 8 小题，每题 2 分，共 16 分)1、能力：2、形象记忆：3、注意的范围：4、需要：5、心理状态：6、心理学：7、自我意识：8、人格：四、判断题(共 10 小题，每题 1 分，共 10 分)1、( )心境是一种持久而微弱的情绪状态，具有弥散性，有时心境的产生是没有原因的。

2、( )差别感觉阈限越大，则差别感受性越强。

3、( )心境是一种持久而微弱的情绪状态，具有弥散性，有时心境的产生是没有原因的。

国家海洋局第二海洋研究所硕士研究生入学考试试题考试科目：普通生物学（A卷）代码：704报考专业：研究方向：注意：答案必须标明题号，按序写在考点下发的答题纸上。

写在试卷或草稿纸上均无效。

一．名词解释（10题，每题4分，共40分）1. 无性生殖和有性生殖2. 不完全双循环和完全双循环3. 自花传粉和异花传粉4. 完全变态和不完全变态5. 趋同进化和趋异进化6. 转录与转译7. 生物圈和生物群落8. 排泄和排遗 9. 基因工程和基因库10. 化学互助和拮抗二．填空（每空格0.5分, 共20分）1.区分物种最主要的根据是。

2.植物组织可分为两大类，即：和。

3.物质穿过细胞膜的方式大体可分为扩散、、、和。

4.植物细胞和动物细胞的主要区别在于植物细胞具有______、______和__ ___。

5.鱼类、两栖类、爬行类和鸟类的卵的类型属于，昆虫的卵属于。

6.病毒不具细胞形态，没有完整的，不能制造，所以病毒不能独立进行各种生命过程。

7.细菌的营养除了吞噬营养外，还有、和三种方式。

8.迁徙和洄游的主要意义可能是、。

9.动物消化食物的方式有和2种。

10.光合作用的光反应发生在叶绿体的中，需要光；暗反应发生在叶绿体的中，不需要光。

11.1989年，科学家发明了一种取得大量DNA片段的快速方法，即反应，简称。

12.免疫的3个特点是：、和。

13.脊椎动物胚胎外面具有4层膜，即、、和。

14.系统和系统是协调控制身体各种机能活动的二个系统，动物的行动常常是在这2个系统的合作活动之下实现的。

15.密蜂、蚂蚁社会中绝大多数个体失去了生殖能力，而帮助一个或几个雌性个体，供给它们营养、保卫它们的安全，在它们产卵后又承担哺育其后代的任务，这种牺牲自身，使种群得利的行为，称为行为。

16.深海热泉口生态系统的初级生产者是。

17.异养生物从食物中所摄取的营养成分称为营养素，营养素除水以外，还包括糖类、脂类、蛋白质、和五大类。

18.植物叶片的功能有和。